| 1. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 2. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 4. |
- Xu, Zhe, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of macular microvascular parameters with cerebral small vessel disease in rural older adults : A population-based OCT angiography study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore the associations of macular microvascular parameters with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in rural-dwelling older adults in China.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 195 participants (age ≥ 60 years; 57.4% women) in the optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) sub-study within the Multimodal Interventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China). Macular microvascular parameters were measured using the OCTA. We automatically estimated volumes of gray matter, white matter, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and manually assessed numbers of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and lacunes on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Data were analyzed with the general linear models.Results: Adjusting for multiple confounders, lower vessel skeleton density (VSD) and higher vessel diameter index (VDI) were significantly associated with larger WMH volume (P < 0.05). Lower VSD and foveal density-300 (FD-300) of left eye were significantly associated with lower brain parenchymal volume (P < 0.05). In addition, lower areas of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and FD-300 of left eye were significantly associated with more EPVS (P < 0.05). The associations of abnormal macular microvascular parameters with WMH volume were evident mainly among females. Macular microvascular parameters were not associated with lacunes.Conclusion: Macular microvascular signs are associated with WMH, brain parenchymal volume, and EPVS in older adults. The OCTA-assessed macular microvascular parameters can be valuable markers for microvascular lesions in the brain.
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| 5. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 6. |
- Murray, Christopher J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Associations of 6 Adiposity Indices With Dementia in Older Adults : The MIND-China Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 24:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The cross-sectional association between late-life obesity and dementia is often explained by the obesity paradox. We assessed the potential differential associations of various adiposity indices with dementia and subtypes of dementia in rural Chinese older adults.Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.Setting and Participants: A total of 5277 participants (age ≥60 years; 57.23% female) who were living in rural communities and were examined in March–September 2018 for MIND-China.Methods: We used weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) to calculate 6 adiposity indices: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and Conicity Index (ConI). Dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were clinically diagnosed following the international criteria. Data were analyzed with logistic regression models.Results: Of the 5277 participants, 303 were diagnosed with dementia, including 193 with AD and 99 with VaD. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of dementia associated with the highest (vs lowest) quintile of adiposity index was 2.32 (1.40–3.85) for WWI, 1.56 (1.03–2.36) for ABSI, and 1.40 (0.92–2.11) for ConI. Similarly, higher levels of these 3 adiposity indices were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of AD, whereas a higher BMI was associated with a decreased likelihood of AD. None of the 6 examined adiposity indices was significantly associated with VaD when adjusting for multiple confounders.Conclusions and Implications: The adiposity index WWI is linearly associated with the likelihood of dementia and AD. An increased WWI may be a clinical marker for the dementia syndrome and Alzheimer's dementia.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Sainan, et al.
(författare)
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Second-line antituberculosis drug exposure thresholds predictive of adverse events in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1201-9712 .- 1878-3511. ; 140, s. 62-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between drug exposure and adverse events (AEs) during the standardized multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR -TB) treatment, as well as to identify predictive drug exposure thresholds. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational multicenter study among participants receiving standardized MDR -TB treatment between 2016 and 2019 in China. AEs were monitored throughout the treatment and their relationships to drug exposure (e.g., the area under the drug concentration -time curve from 0 to 24 h, AUC0-24 h ) were analyzed. The thresholds of pharmacokinetic predictors of observed AEs were identified by boosted classification and regression tree (CART) and further evaluated by external validation. Results: Of 197 study participants, 124 (62.9%) had at least one AE, and 15 (7.6%) experienced serious AEs. The association between drug exposure and AEs was observed including bedaquiline, its metabolite M2, moxifloxacin and QTcF prolongation (QTcF > 450 ms), linezolid and mitochondrial toxicity, cycloserine and psychiatric AEs. The CART -derived thresholds of AUC0-24 h predictive of the respective AEs were 3.2 mg <middle dot>h/l (bedaquiline M2); 49.3 mg <middle dot>h/l (moxifloxacin); 119.3 mg <middle dot>h/l (linezolid); 718.7 mg <middle dot>h/l (cycloserine). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the drug exposure thresholds predictive of AEs for key drugs against MDR -TB treatment. Using the derived thresholds will provide the knowledge base for further randomized clinical trials of dose adjustment to minimize the risk of AEs.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Slippage on Porous Spherical Superhydrophobic Surface Revolutionizes Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluid
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2196-7350. ; 9:34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a new strategy to achieve high-efficient heat transfer for non-Newtonian fluids with slippage using a stably prepared superhydrophobic coating is presented. A superhydrophobic coating is prepared on the inner surface of a sleeve at specific shear stress. The slippage and heat-transfer processes of the typical non-Newtonian fluid–1% carboxymethyl cellulose solutions on the superhydrophobic coating are investigated simultaneously. A novel porous spherical type of superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 168° is obtained. It is found that the shear stress in electrodeposition is a key parameter to control the morphology and wetting ability of the superhydrophobic coating. The slip length and enhancement factor of heat transfer for the non-Newtonian fluid on the coating are found in a range of 20–900 µm and 1.47 experimentally. A new parameter is proposed as Reynolds number Re divided by the dimensionless slip length ls* (Re/ls*) for the heat-transfer enhancement with slippage, which can be used as the guide for designing coating and selecting the operating conditions. The Re/ls* is <4, which can enhance the heat transfer via the slippage.
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| 10. |
- Deng, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Ketamine inhibits TNF-α-induced cecal damage by enhancing RIP1 ubiquitination to attenuate lethal SIRS
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell death discovery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-7716. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a sepsis-associated inflammatory state and a self-defense mechanism against specific and nonspecific stimuli. Ketamine influences many key processes that are altered during sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, TNF-α-treated mice, as well as HT-29 and L929 cell models, were applied to characterize TNF-α-induced systemic and local cecal tissue inflammatory responses. Behavioral, biochemical, histological, and molecular biological approaches were applied to illustrate the related processes. Mice with TNF-α-induced SIRS showed systemic and local cecal tissue inflammatory responses, as indicated by increased levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), chemokines (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10, as well as high mortality. Ketamine pretreatment alleviated death rates, symptoms, and the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by TNF-α in mice. Moreover, ketamine also protected the mice from TNF-α-induced cecal damage by suppressing the phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). In addition, our results showed that ketamine efficiently inhibited TNF-α-induced necroptosis in HT-29 and L929 cells. Furthermore, we explored the mechanism using different L929 cell lines. The results displayed that ketamine inhibited TNF-α-induced necroptosis by enhancing RIP1 ubiquitination and reducing the RIP1-RIP3 and RIP3-MLKL interactions, as well as the formation of necrosomes. Thus, our study may provide a new theoretical and experimental basis for treating diseases characterized by SIRS-associated inflammatory factor storms. Moreover, our exploration may provide potential molecular mechanisms and targets for therapeutic intervention and clinical application of ketamine.
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| 11. |
- Fan, Qunping, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A Non-Conjugated Polymer Acceptor for Efficient and Thermally Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:45, s. 19835-19840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A non-conjugated polymer acceptor PF1-TS4 was firstly synthesized by embedding a thioalkyl segment in the mainchain, which shows excellent photophysical properties on par with a fully conjugated polymer, with a low optical band gap of 1.58 eV and a high absorption coefficient >105 cm−1, a high LUMO level of −3.89 eV, and suitable crystallinity. Matched with the polymer donor PM6, the PF1-TS4-based all-PSC achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.63 %, which is ≈45 % higher than that of a device based on the small molecule acceptor counterpart IDIC16. Moreover, the PF1-TS4-based all-PSC has good thermal stability with ≈70 % of its initial PCE retained after being stored at 85 °C for 180 h, while the IDIC16-based device only retained ≈50 % of its initial PCE when stored at 85 °C for only 18 h. Our work provides a new strategy to develop efficient polymer acceptor materials by linkage of conjugated units with non-conjugated thioalkyl segments.
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| 12. |
- Fan, Qunping, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanically Robust All-Polymer Solar Cells from Narrow Band Gap Acceptors with Hetero-Bridging Atoms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 4:3, s. 658-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed three narrow band-gap polymer acceptors PF2-DTC, PF2-DTSi, and PF2-DTGe with different bridging atoms (i.e., C, Si, and Ge). Studies found that such different bridging atoms significantly affect the crystallinity, extinction coefficient, electron mobility of the polymer acceptors, and the morphology and mechanical robustness of related active layers. In all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), these polymer acceptors achieved high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 8.0%, while PF2-DTSi obtained the highest PCE of 10.77% due to its improved exciton dissociation, charge transport, and optimized morphology. Moreover, the PF2-DTSi-based active layer showed excellent mechanical robustness with a high toughness value of 9.3 MJ m−3 and a large elongation at a break of 8.6%, which is a great advantage for the practical applications of flexible devices. As a result, the PF2-DTSi-based flexible all-PSC retained >90% of its initial PCE (6.37%) after bending and relaxing 1,200 times at a bending radius of ∼4 mm.
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| 13. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 14. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 15. |
- Gao, Qingwei, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary study on mechanism of confined mass transfer and separation : "secondary confinement" effect of interfacial adsorption layer [限域传质分离机制初探:界面吸附层的"二次限域"效应]
- 2020
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Ingår i: Huagong Xuebao/CIESC Journal. - : Materials China. - 0438-1157. ; 71:10, s. 4688-4695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The confined mass transfer separation membrane is mainly for the high-precision separation process at the molecular/ion level, which is of great significance to solve the application needs of CO2 separation, azeotrope separation, lithium extraction from salt lake, desalination of seawater and so on. However, at present, the research of the confined mass transfer mechanism of this kind of membrane is lagging behind, and the theoretical models of confined mass transfer are lacking, which can no longer meet the needs of the rapid development of materials and chemical engineering. From the perspective of meso-science, the abnormal phenomenon of high flux and high selectivity of the confined mass transfer separation membrane is considered, that is, breaking through the trade-off effect, which is governed by compromise-in-competition between the selectivity mechanism and the flux mechanism. It is found that the fluid molecules will preferentially adsorb at the interface and form a stable adsorption layer. Based on this, the hypothesis of "secondary confinement" is put forward, that is, the surface induced new solid-like interface will have confinement effect on the intermediate fluid again. By comparing the pore size and the secondary confined size of the confined mass transfer separation membrane, the selective mechanism of the secondary confinement is further confirmed, and the quantitative prediction of the membrane flux and selectivity is preliminarily explored by combining the selective mechanism and the flux model, which may provide a theoretical basis for the precise construction of the limited area mass transfer membrane. © 2020, Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All right reserved.
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| 16. |
- Guo, Renjun, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells under vacuum and one atmosphere of nitrogen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 6:10, s. 977-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive studies have focused on improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells, but few have surveyed the fundamental degradation mechanisms. One aspect overlooked in earlier works is the effect of the atmosphere on device performance during operation. Here we investigate the degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells operated under vacuum and under a nitrogen atmosphere using synchrotron radiation-based operando grazing-incidence X-ray scattering methods. Unlike the observations described in previous reports, we find that light-induced phase segregation, lattice shrinkage and morphology deformation occur under vacuum. Under nitrogen, only lattice shrinkage appears during the operation of solar cells, resulting in better device stability. The different behaviour under nitrogen is attributed to a larger energy barrier for lattice distortion and phase segregation. Finally, we find that the migration of excessive PbI2 to the interface between the perovskite and the hole transport layer degrades the performance of devices under vacuum or under nitrogen. Understanding degradation mechanisms in perovskite solar cells is key to their development. Now, Guo et al. show a greater degradation of the perovskite structure and morphology for devices operated under vacuum than under nitrogen.
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| 17. |
- Jiang, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
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Internal nanoscale architecture and charge carrier dynamics of wide bandgap non-fullerene bulk heterojunction active layers in organic solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 8:44, s. 23628-23636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells have gained increasing attention in the past few years. In this work, active layers of a wide-bandgap polymer donor with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-2F and a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor IT-M are assembled into photovoltaic devices with different amounts of solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO). The influence of DIO on the nanoscale film morphology and crystalline structure as well as the charge carrier dynamics of the active layers are investigated by combining grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and space charge limited current measurements, which are correlated with the corresponding performance of the solar cells. At 0.5 vol% DIO addition, the wide-bandgap non-fullerene organic solar cells show the best performance due to high open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current resulting from an improved charge carrier management due to the optimal inner nanoscale morphology of the active layers in terms of surface enrichment, crystallinity and crystalline orientation.
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| 18. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Demonstration of Plasmon Propagation, Coupling, and Splitting in Silver Nanowire at 1550-nm Wavelength
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:4, s. 1107-1111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices including the nanowaveguide, the nanocoupler, and the nanosplitter at optical communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The plasmon propagation loss in a 300-nm diameter silver nanowire is measured to be 0.3 dB/mu m and the effective propagation length is 14.5 mu m. This loss is comparatively lower than that at 980 nm. Two types of plasmonic functional devices based on the coupling between two silver nanowires, nanocouplers, and nanosplitters, are realized. For the nanocoupler, the experimental results show that the plasmonic modes can be efficiently coupled between two closely positioned nanowires. While for the nanosplitter, the plasmonic mode is split with a power ratio of 2.6:1. These demonstrations experimentally prove the feasibility of extending the operating wavelength of silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices to current optical communication wavelength with a lower loss, which are thus important steps for potentially utilizing low-loss nanowire-based plasmonic components for photonic integrated circuits.
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| 19. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of plasmon propagation, coupling, and splitting in silver nanowire at 1550-nm wavelength
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : IEEE. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 17:4, s. 1107-1111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices including the nanowaveguide, the nanocoupler, and the nanosplitter at optical communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The plasmon propagation loss in a 300-nm diameter silver nanowire is measured to be 0.3 dB/μm and the effective propagation length is 14.5 μm. This loss is comparatively lower than that at 980 nm. Two types of plasmonic functional devices based on the coupling between two silver nanowires, nanocouplers, and nanosplitters, are realized. For the nanocoupler, the experimental results show that the plasmonic modes can be efficiently coupled between two closely positioned nanowires. While for the nanosplitter, the plasmonic mode is split with a power ratio of 2.6:1. These demonstrations experimentally prove the feasibility of extending the operating wavelength of silver-nanowire-based plasmonic devices to current optical communication wavelength with a lower loss, which are thus important steps for potentially utilizing low-loss nanowire-based plasmonic components for photonic integrated circuits.
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| 20. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Silver nanowire based plasmon propagation, coupling and splitting at 1.55 mu m wavelength
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 7986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate silver nanowire based plasmonic devices at optical communication wavelength 1.55 mu m. The plasmon propagation loss in a 300 nm diameter silver nanowire is measured to be 0.3 dB/mu m. Two types of plasmonic functional devices based on the coupling between two silver nanowires, nano-couplers and nano-splitters, are realized.
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| 21. |
- Lin, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic and therapeutic study of novel anti-tumor function of natural compound imperialine for treating non-small cell lung cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) is a Chinese traditional herbal medicine that has long been used as an indispensable component in herbal prescriptions for bronchopulmonary diseases due to its well-established strong anti-inflammation and pulmonary harmonizing effects. Interestingly, there are few case reports in traditional Chinese medicine available where they found it to contribute in anti-tumor therapies. Imperialine is one of the most favored active substances extracted from BFC and has been widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory agent. Aim of the study: The aim of the current work is to provide first-hand evidences both in vitro and in vivo showing that imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the molecular mechanism of this anti-tumor activity. It is also necessary to examine its systemic toxicity, and to investigate how to develop strategies for feasible clinical translation of imperialine. Materials and methods: To investigate anti-NSCLC efficacy of imperialine using both in vitro and in vivo methods where A549 cell line were chosen as in vitro model NSCLC cells and A549 tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed for in vivo study. The detailed underlying anti-cancer mechanism has been systematically explored for the first time through a comprehensive set of molecular biology methods mainly including immunohistochemistry, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The toxicity profile of imperialine treatments were evaluated using healthy nude mice by examining hemogram and histopathology. An imperialine-loaded liposomal drug delivery system was developed using thin film hydration method to evaluate target specific delivery. Results: The results showed that imperialine could suppress both NSCLC tumor and associated inflammation through an inflammation-cancer feedback loop in which NF-kappa B activity was dramatically inhibited by imperialine. The NSCLC-targeting liposomal system was successfully developed for targeted drug delivery. The developed platform could favorably enhance imperialine cellular uptake and in vivo accumulation at tumor sites, thus improving overall anti-tumor effect. The toxicity assays revealed imperialine treatments did not significantly disturb blood cell counts in mice or exert any significant damage to the main organs. Conclusions: Imperialine exerts anti-cancer effects against NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo, and this previously unknown function is related to NF-kappa B centered inflammation-cancer feedback loop. Imperialine mediated anticancer activity is not through cytotoxicity and exhibit robust systemic safety. Furthermore, the liposome-based system we commenced would dramatically enhance therapeutic effects of imperialine while exhibiting extremely low side effects both on cellular and in NSCLC model. This work has identified imperialine as a promising novel anti-cancer compound and offered an efficient target-delivery solution that greatly facilitate practical use of imperialine.
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| 22. |
- Liu, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating Structure Ordering via Side-Chain Engineering of Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-Based Electron Acceptors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Reduced Energy Losses
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:38, s. 35193-35200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have made a huge breakthrough in the recent years. Introducing a proper side chain on the pi-conjugated backbone plays a vital role for further improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs due to easy tuning of the physical properties of the molecule such as absorption, energetic level, solid-state stacking, and charge transportation. More importantly, the side chain significantly affected the blend films morphology and thus determined the PCEs of the devices. In this work, two low-band-gap nonfullerene acceptors, ATT-4 and ATT-5, with an alkyl or branched alkyl substitute on indacenodithiophene (IDT) and thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TbT) backbone were synthesized for investigating the effect of the substituent on the performance of the nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). In comparison to ATT-1 with p-hexylphenyl-substituted IDT and n-octyl-substituted TbT moieties, ATT-4 and ATT-5 exhibit better crystallinity with shorter interchain distance and ordered molecular structure in neat and the corresponding blend films. The tailored ATT-5 exhibits a high PCE of 12.36% with a V-oc of 0.93 V, J(sc) of 18.86 mA cm(-2), and fill factor (FF) of 0.71, blending with a wide-band-gap polymer donor PBDB-T. Remarkably, although ATT-4 and ATT-5 exhibit broader light absorption, the devices obtained higher V-oc than that of ATT-1 mainly due to the reduced nonradiative recombination in the blend films. These results implied that side-chain engineering is an efficient approach to regulate the electronic structure and molecular packing of NFAs, which can well match with polymer donor, and obtain high PCEs of the OSCs with improved V-oc, J(sc), and FF, simultaneously.
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| 23. |
- Mulas, Floriana, et al.
(författare)
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The deubiquitinase OTUB1 augments NF-κB-dependent immune responses in dendritic cells in infection and inflammation by stabilizing UBC13
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cellular & Molecular Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1672-7681 .- 2042-0226. ; 18, s. 1512-1527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DCs) are indispensable for defense against pathogens but may also contribute to immunopathology. Activation of DCs upon the sensing of pathogens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is largely mediated by pattern recognition receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling and depends on the appropriate ubiquitination of the respective signaling molecules. However, the ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes involved and their interactions are only incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that the deubiquitinase OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) is upregulated in DCs upon murine Toxoplasmagondii infection and lipopolysaccharide challenge. Stimulation of DCs with the TLR11/12 ligand T. gondii profilin and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide induced an increase in NF-kappa B activation in OTUB1-competent cells, resulting in elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, which was also observed upon the specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Mechanistically, OTUB1 promoted NF-kappa B activity in DCs by K48-linked deubiquitination and stabilization of the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC13, resulting in increased K63-linked ubiquitination of IRAK1 (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1) and TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6). Consequently, DC-specific deletion of OTUB1 impaired the production of cytokines, in particular IL-12, by DCs over the first 2 days of T. gondii infection, resulting in the diminished production of protective interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by natural killer cells, impaired control of parasite replication, and, finally, death from chronic T.encephalitis, all of which could be prevented by low-dose IL-12 treatment in the first 3 days of infection. In contrast, impaired OTUB1-deficient DC activation and cytokine production by OTUB1-deficient DCs protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced immunopathology. Collectively, these findings identify OTUB1 as a potent novel regulator of DCs during infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Wang, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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A computational study of water in UiO‐66 Zr‐MOFs : Diffusion, hydrogen bonding network, and confinement effect
- 2021
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Ingår i: AIChE Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-1541 .- 1547-5905. ; 67:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For chemical warfare agent removal, the humidity emerges as an unavoidable challenge that significantly affects the performance of metal–organic frameworks. In this work, via density functional theory calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics and classical molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structural and diffusion properties of water in the pristine defect‐free UiO‐66, one Zr‐based metal–organic framework. Through the detailed analyses of the distribution probability of water in two different cages of UiO‐66, the binding interaction between water and UiO‐66, the hydrogen bonding networks and resulted localized water clusters, we gain a fundamental understanding of structural and dynamics properties as well as the concentration dependence of water in UiO‐66. We anticipate those theoretical results could provide insight to the competitive adsorption of water and chemical warfare agents, which eventually shows the utmost importance for the design and development of the next generation porous materials with appropriate water properties in real‐life applications.
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| 26. |
- Wang, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 17:13, s. 10881-10886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endface reflectivities (ERs) of optical nanowires are investigated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. Typical ERs of both free-standing and substrate-supported silica, tellurite, PMMA and semiconductor nanowires or nanofibers are obtained. Unlike in conventional waveguides such as optical fibers, ERs of nanowires are usually considerably lower when operated in single mode. Dependences of ER on the diameter and the refractive index of the nanowire, and the wavelength of the guided light are also investigated. These results are helpful for estimating and understanding ERs in optical nanowires with diameters close to or smaller than the wavelengths of the light, and may offer valuable references for practical applications such as nanowire or nanofiber-based resonators and lasers.
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| 27. |
- Wang, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Mass Transfer Behavior of Methane in Porous Carbon Materials
- 2022
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Ingår i: AIChE Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-1541 .- 1547-5905. ; 68:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low mass transfer rate in porous materials hinders the use of adsorbed natural gas as vehicle fuel. Fundamentally, the mass transfer rate depends on the structures of the adsorbents and the operating conditions. Therefore, in this study, the effects of adsorbent (activated carbons) structure and operating conditions on the mass transfer rate of methane (main component of natural gas) were investigated quantitatively, providing a theoretical basis for the synthesis of efficient adsorbent materials. By performing Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations and utilizing a non-equilibrium thermodynamics linearization transfer model, the mass transfer behavior of methane in porous carbon materials was quantitatively evaluated, specifically focusing on the material structure, operating conditions, and feasibility of using natural gas as vehicle fuel. The proposed linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics mass transfer model is applicable to interfacial gas species and provides a valuable tool for gas separation.
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| 28. |
- Yu, Huakang, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 48:22, s. 4365-4369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bending losses of nanofibers or nanowires with circular 90 degrees bends are simulated using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Dependences of bending losses on wavelength and polarization of guided light are investigated, as well as the diameters, refractive indices, and bending radii of nanowires. The acceptable bending losses (similar to 1 dB/90 degrees) predicted in glass, polymer, and semiconductor nanowires with bending radii down to micrometer level may offer valuable references for assembling highly compact photonic integrated circuits or devices with optical nanowires.
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| 29. |
- Zhang, Yumeng, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular insight into flow resistance of choline chloride/urea confined in ionic model nanoslits
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fluid Phase Equilibria. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3812 .- 1879-0224. ; 533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choline chloride/urea (1:2) is the most widely used deep eutectic solvent, which has attracted much attention due to its excellent advantages of low cost, environment friendly and easy synthesis. In this work, nanofriction-based molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of interfacial hydrophilicity on the flow resistance of Choline chloride/urea (1:2) confined in ionic model nanoslits. Simulation results showed that the flow resistance of the choline chloride/urea system increases with the increasing interfacial hydrophilicity. Urea molecules form a preferential adsorption layer on the wall. As the interfacial hydrophilicity increases, the number of urea molecules in the interfacial adsorption layer increased, whereas the stability decreased. Unique confined spatial distributions of urea molecules greatly contribute to ionic association between choline cations and chloride anions. Furthermore, with the increase of interfacial hydrophilicity, orientation distributions of urea molecules in the adsorption layer are more orderly, then causing a decrease in the average hydrogen bond number (NHB) of urea molecules. Moreover, the more the NHB of urea molecules, the better is the stability in the interfacial adsorption layer, which in turn results in less flow resistance.
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| 30. |
- Zhu, Yuhui, et al.
(författare)
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Devils in the Clouds : An Evolutionary Study of Telnet Bot Loaders
- 2023
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Ingår i: ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. - : IEEE. - 9781538674628 - 9781538674635 ; , s. 2338-2344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the innovations brought by Mirai and its derived malware is the adoption of self-contained loaders for infecting IoT devices and recruiting them in botnets. Functionally decoupled from other botnet components and not embedded in the payload, loaders cannot be analysed using conventional approaches that rely on honeypots for capturing samples. Different approaches are necessary for studying the loaders evolution and defining a genealogy. To address the insufficient knowledge about loaders' lineage in existing studies, in this paper, we propose a semantic-aware method to measure, categorize, and compare different loader servers, with the goal of highlighting their evolution, independent from the payload evolution. Leveraging behavior-based metrics, we cluster the discovered loaders and define eight families to determine the genealogy and draw a homology map. Our study shows that the source code of Mirai is evolving and spawning new botnets with new capabilities, both on the client side and the server side. In turn, shedding light on the infection loaders can help the cybersecurity community to improve detection and prevention tools.
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