| 1. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
-
Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Chengshui, et al.
(författare)
-
Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors on Acute Lung Injury
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3543 .- 0012-3692. ; 140:2, s. 391-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in a number of biologic responses. Recent preclinical studies demonstrated that the PI3K-dominant signal pathway could play an important role in the development of acute lung injury, although the mechanism remains unclear. Methods: CD-1 mice were administered different PI3K inhibitors either intranasally or intragastrically once a day for 3 days before intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide at 4 h and 24 h. Effects of SHBM1009 on lipopolysaccharide-induced capillary permeability, leukocyte distribution and activation, and epithelial cell function were measured. Therapeutic effects of SHBM1009 on pancreatic elastase-induced lung injury were evaluated in rats. Results: The data demonstrated that the local delivery of PI3K inhibitors played more effective roles in the prevention of endotoxin-induced lung injury than the systemic delivery. The preventive effects of PI3K inhibitors varied most likely because of chemical properties, targeting sites, and pharmacokinetics. The local PI3K inhibitors prevented both endotoxin- and elastase-induced lung injury in mice and rats, possibly through directly inhibiting or inactivating the function of airway epithelial cells, which could not produce chemoattractant factors to activate neutrophils and macrophages. Conclusions: PI3K may be a therapeutic target for lung injury, and local delivery of PI3K inhibitors may be one of the optimal approaches for the therapy. CHEST 2011; 140(2):391-400
|
|
| 3. |
- Du, Yaoyao, et al.
(författare)
-
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Calcification by Interacting With Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Circulation Research. - 1524-4571. ; 108, s. 79-917
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Vascular calcification is a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We recently reported that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is pivotal for maintaining the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Whether COMP affects the process of vascular calcification is unknown. Objective: We aimed to test whether COMP modulates vascular calcification. Methods and Results: VSMC calcification in vitro was induced by calcifying media containing high inorganic phosphate or calcium. In vivo medial vessel calcification was induced in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet or by periadventitial application of CaCl(2) to the abdominal aorta. COMP protein level was markedly reduced in both calcified VSMCs and arteries. COMP deficiency remarkably exacerbated VSMC calcification, whereas ectopic expression of COMP greatly reduced calcification. Furthermore, COMP knockdown facilitated osteogenic markers expression by VSMCs even in the absence of calcifying media. By contrast, COMP overexpression significantly inhibited high phosphate- or high calcium-induced VSMC osteochondrogenic transition. Induction of osteogenic marker expression by COMP silencing was reversed by a soluble form of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 receptor IA, which suggests a BMP-2-dependent mechanism. Our data revealed that COMP bound directly to BMP-2 through the C terminus, inhibited BMP-2 receptor binding, and blocked BMP-2 osteogenic signaling, indicating COMP inhibits osteochondrogenic transition of VSMCs at least partially through inhibiting BMP-2. Conclusions: Our data strongly suggest that COMP is a novel inhibitor of vascular calcification. The imbalance between the effects of COMP and BMP-2 may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of vascular calcification.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alm, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
-
Variation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in eight strains of mice.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1519 .- 1569-9048. ; 171, s. 157-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that genetic variations may play an important role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI models has been widely applied for pathophysiological and pharmacological research. In order to understand the variation of acute pulmonary reactions between mouse strains and find the optimal strain for target-oriented study, the present study investigated the alterations of acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and injury in C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, CD-1, NMRI, DBA/2J, A/J and C3H/HeN mice after the intra-tracheal challenge with LPS. We found that LPS-induced ALI varied between measured variables, durations and strains. General score of LPS-induced acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and edema followed the order CD-1, A/J, Balb/c, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, NMRI, C3H/HeN mice at 4h, and CD-1, C57BL/6J, Balb/c, C3H/HeN, NMRI, A/J, DBA/2J, DBA/1 mice at 24h. Thus, these data provide useful information to select sensitive or resistant strain mouse for understanding genetic variation of pathogenesis and screening of target-oriented drugs.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cohen, Judah, et al.
(författare)
-
ARCTIC CHANGE AND POSSIBLE INFLUENCE ON MID-LATITUDE CLIMATE AND WEATHER - A US CLIVAR White Paper
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the mid 20th century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). These profound changes to the Arctic system have coincided with a period of ostensibly more frequent events of extreme weather across the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes, including extreme heat and rainfall events and recent severe winters. Though winter temperatures have generally warmed since 1960 over mid-to-high latitudes, the acceleration in the rate of warming at high-latitudes, relative to the rest of the NH, started approximately in 1990. Trends since 1990 show cooling over the NH continents, especially in Northern Eurasia. The possible link between Arctic change and mid-latitude climate and weather has spurred a rush of new observational and modeling studies. A number of workshops held during 2013-2014 have helped frame the problem and have called for continuing and enhancing efforts for improving our understanding of Arctic-mid-latitude linkages and its attribution to the occurrence of extreme climate and weather events. Although these workshops have outlined some of the major challenges and provided broad recommendations, further efforts are needed to synthesize the diversified research results to identify where community consensus and gaps exist. Building upon findings and recommendations of the previous workshops, the US CLIVAR Working Group on Arctic Change and Possible Influence on Mid-latitude Climate and Weather convened an international workshop at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, on February 1-3, 2017. Experts in the fields of atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere sciences assembled to assess the rapidly evolving state of understanding, identify consensus on knowledge and gaps in research, and develop specific actions to accelerate progress within the research community. With more than 100 participants, the workshop was the largest and most comprehensive gathering of climate scientists to address the topic to date. In this white paper, we synthesize and discuss outcomes from this workshop and activities involving many of the working group members.
|
|
| 6. |
- Liu, Xiangdong, et al.
(författare)
-
Cancer risk in patients with hepatitis C virus infection : A population-based study in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2045-7634. ; 6:5, s. 1135-1140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased risks of certain cancers have been observed in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, data on other cancer sites/types are lacking. We analyzed systematically the risk of developing 35 common cancers in patients with HCV infection using a nationwide Swedish database. Patients with HCV infection were identified from the Swedish Hospital Inpatient and Outpatient Register and Primary Health Care Database, and followed until the diagnosis of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent 35 common cancer sites/types between 1990 and 2010 in patients with HCV infection in Sweden. Increased risks were recorded for six cancers. The highest SIR was seen for liver cancer (36.67; 95% CI: 33.20-40.40). The decreased risk was for prostate cancer (0.73; 95% CI: 0.59-0.90) and melanoma (0.50; 95% CI: 0.30-0.79). A significant sex-difference for cancer was observed only for liver cancer (40.72; 95% CI: 36.36-45.45 for men and 27.21; 95% CI: 21.90-33.41 for women). Also, increased SIRs were noted only for liver cancer during the entire period of follow-up. HCV infection was associated with an increased incidence of liver cancer and additionally five other types of cancer. Active surveillance of other cancers may be needed in order to be diagnosed at an earlier stage.
|
|
| 7. |
- Wang, Xinping, et al.
(författare)
-
Nature of three episodes of Paleoproterozoic magmatism (2180 Ma, 2115 Ma and 1890 Ma) in the Liaoji belt, North China with implications for tectonic evolution
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268. ; 298, s. 252-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three episodes of Paleoproterozoic magmatism with distinctively different nature in the Liaoji belt of the Eastern North China Craton are discussed here: the 2200–2140 Ma Liaoji A-type granites, the 2160–2110 Ma Haicheng mafic sills and the ∼1890 Ma Qingchengzi I-type granites. The Mafeng monzogranitic pluton, representative of the Liaoji A-type granites, gives a SIMS U-Pb zircon age of 2181 ± 6 Ma (n = 20, MSWD = 4.3). The Qingchengzi plagiogranitic pluton, representative of the Qingchengzi I-type granites, gives a SIMS U-Pb zircon age of 1891 ± 10 Ma (n = 8, MSWD = 1.8). The Mafeng monzogranites are high in Fe, Ti, K but low in Mg, Al and Ca. They have high abundance of total REEs (ΣREE = 213–346 ppm). They are relatively depleted in feldspar-compatible elements (e.g., Eu and Sr) and HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). They have high 10000 × Ga/Al ratios of 3.19–3.61 and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations of 472–656 ppm, which are typical for A-type granite. The Qingchengzi plagiogranites have relatively high Al, Ca, Na but low Fe, Ti and K contents. They have low abundance of total REEs (ΣREE = 17.6–21.6 ppm). They are enriched in LILEs (e.g., Ba, K and Sr) but depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P, Ti and Y). These features, combined with extremely high Sr/Y ratios (327–413), are comparable with those of typical modern adakites. The Liaoji A-type granites show a source same to that of the Haicheng mafic sills and they originated from the Archean subcontinental lithospheric mantle plus with contamination from the Archean granites. However, the Qingchengzi I-type granites are interpreted to originate from subducted oceanic crust with significant contributions from sediments. The Liaoji A-type granites and the coeval bimodal volcanism in the Liaohe Group as well as the Haicheng mafic sills may represent episodic magmatism which was related to a protracted intra-continental rifting caused by lithospheric extension. The ca. 1890 Ma Qingchengzi I-type granites and coexisting S-type granites as well as the coeval regional metamorphism are favored to represent an active continental magmatism linked to Paleoproterozoic subduction.
|
|
| 8. |
- Wang, Xiangdong, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator on LPS-induced lung injury in rats
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-9629 .- 1094-5539. ; 22:4, s. 318-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), still requiring new therapeutic strategies and medications for the disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic lung injury and hyperinflation and test therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist. Wister rats were challenged with intra-tracheal instillation of LPS at concentrations of 0.006, 0.060, 0.600, and 6.000 mg/ml per kg, twice a week, for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. PPAR activator, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15D-PGJ2), or vehicle (PBS) was administered orally and daily at the dose of 1 and 10 mg/ml per kg in animals challenged with LPS or PBS at the dose of 0.060 mg/ml per kg body weight twice a week for 4 weeks. We found that intra-tracheal exposure of LPS resulted in a dose-dependent pattern of chronic lung hyperinflation and hypertrophy, increased alveolar enlargement, reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and elevated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and early changes of leukocyte influx and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. PPAR-gamma agonist ameliorated these changes related with the dose used. LPS-induced lung disease model shows some similarities with human disease, and PPAR-gamma agonist may be an alternative for COPD therapy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ai, Sizhi, et al.
(författare)
-
Causal associations of short and long sleep durations with 12 cardiovascular diseases : linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses in UK Biobank
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:34, s. 3349-3357
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Observational studies have suggested strong associations between sleep duration and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but causal inferences have not been confirmed. We aimed to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted sleep duration and 12 CVDs using both linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. Methods and results Genetic variants associated with continuous, short (<= 6 h) and long (>= 9 h) sleep durations were used to examine the causal associations with 12 CVDs among 404 044 UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry. Linear MR analyses showed that genetically predicted sleep duration was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and chronic ischaemic heart disease after correcting for multiple tests (P <0.001). Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and four CVDs, including arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the risks of 5 out of the 12 CVDs, including arterial hypertension, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic ischaemic heart disease (P< 0.001), and suggestive evidence for atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05). However, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not associated with any CVD. Conclusion This study suggests that genetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor of several CVDs, while genetically predicted long steep duration is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most CVDs. [GRAPHICS] .
|
|
| 11. |
- Alm, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
-
Varying susceptibility of pulmonary cytokine production to lipopolysaccharide in mice.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0023 .- 1043-4666. ; 49, s. 256-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model has been widely applied for pathophysiological and pharmacological research. The aim of present study is to understand the variation of acute pulmonary inflammation between mouse strains. Methods: The present study investigated the susceptibility of acute production of inflammatory mediators, e.g. cytokines, chemokines and others, to LPS in C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, CD-1, NMRI, DBA/2J, A/J, and C3H/HeN mice. Results: The susceptibility to intra-tracheal challenge with LPS varied between measured variables, durations and strains. General lung hyper-reactive susceptibility to LPS-induced pulmonary production of 6-8 inflammatory mediators followed the order NMRI, Balb/cJ, C3H/HeN, A/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J and CD-1 mice at 4h, and A/J, C3H/HeN, CD-1, NMRI, C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/2J and DBA/1J mice at 24h. Conclusions: Our data provide information for scientists to consider the proper strain of mice for the measurement of specific inflammatory mediators and to select sensitive or resistant mouse strains for understanding genetic variation in the pathogenesis and for the screening of target-oriented drug development.
|
|
| 12. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Cell-based therapies for acute liver failure: human tissue engineering, pure cell implantation and stem cell application
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 3:4, s. 194-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients with acute and chronic hepatic dysfunction still represents a challenge. Cell-based therapeutic hepatocyte transplantation has great potential to serve as a temporary support and “bridge” prior to a donor organ becoming available, or even as therapy for replacing a compromised liver. In this review we describe potential applications of human tissue engineering, compare therapeutic effects of transplanted hepatocytes, with or without tissue engineering and highlight the exciting progress of stem cell transplantation in hepatic dysfunction. Hepatocytes can be transplanted in the form of pure cells or as cells engineered with devices (with or without pretreatment with growth factors), freshly isolated or preserved cells or adult matured or stem cells. The efficacy of different forms of cell-based therapy may be associated with the severity and duration of the disease and with the therapeutic strategy used to treat it.
|
|
| 13. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Gut barrier failure in critical illness: lessons learned from acute pancreatitis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:2, s. 93-100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut barrier function is essential in critical illness and contributes to the systemic inflammatory response. Failure of the gut barrier includes both changes in microbial ecology, permeability and potential translocation, as well as local gut inflammatory response. The present review summarizes experiences made from acute pancreatitis, including pathophysiological mechanisms and ways of intervention.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Börjesson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Early treatment with lexipafant, a platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, is not sufficient to prevent pulmonary endothelial damage after intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion in rats.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - 1590-8658. ; 34:3, s. 190-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion can lead to pulmonary injury characterised by increased macromolecular leakage and leukocyte sequestration. Important mediators of ischaemia-reperfusion-associated injury include polymorphonuclear granulocytes and platelet-activating factor. AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic inhibition of platelet-activating factor in intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion associated pulmonary injury, by use of a potent platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, lexipafant. METHODS: Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Lexipafant or saline was given intraperitoneally after 30 minutes reperfusion. RESULTS: Increased leakage of radiolabelled human serum albumin was found in the lungs after intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Administration of lexipafant did not significantly prevent the increased leakage. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase content increased after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, indicating polymorphonuclear granulocyte sequestration through the pulmonary endothelium. The increase in interleukin-1beta seen after 3 hours reperfusion was partly reversed by lexipafant. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary injury occurred following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, characterised by increased leakage of radiolabelled albumin over the endothelial barrier; correlating with increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase-content, implying involvement of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the pathogenesis of remote organ injury after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Lexipafant did not significantly decrease severity of pulmonary damage.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Chen, ZH, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulation of MUC5AC mucin secretion by depletion of AQP5 in SPC-A1 cells
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2104 .- 0006-291X. ; 342:3, s. 775-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airway mucus is regulated by many inflammatory mediators such as ILs, TNF-alpha, EGF, PGF2 alpha, LT, and so on. Recently, the relationship between membrane ion channel and Mucus production has been under investigation. The present study aimed to examine whether AQP5 was involved in modulation of mucin expression and secretion in airway submucosal gland cells (SPC-Al). A recombinant plasmid (pShAQP5) containing small hairpin RNA expression cassette targeting AQP5 sequence was constructed. In pShAQP5 transiently transfected cells, ELISA showed MUC5AC synthesis and secretion were increased by 57.9% and 85.3%, respectively, on day 5 after pShAQP5 transfection. While in five stably transfected clones (shAQP5-G1, G2, G3, A2, and A5), the upregulated levels of M MAC mRNA were 118%, 165%, 65% 123%, and 38%, respectively. The elevated levels of M MAC synthesis and secretion varied from 59-156% and 33-166%, respectively. This is the first reliable investigation of the regulation of MUC5AC mucin secretion by silencing AQP5. Further study of the regulatory mechanism between AQPs and mucins may provide new strategies for development of novel antihypersecretory drugs in airway diseases.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Elovsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of nasal barrier dysfunction at acute- and late-phase reactions in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Vascular Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-1891. ; 43:4, s. 267-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is a common disease characterized by the symptoms of pruritus, sneezing, hypersecretion and nasal blockage. Increased mucosal barrier permeability has been suggested to be an indicator for the severity of allergic rhinitis. This study investigates the passage of radiolabelled albumin from the nasal mucosal circulation into the lumen in guinea pigs intraperitoneally sensitized and intranasally challenged with antigen. In order to characterize the allergic rhinitis model, we evaluated a number of potential influencing factors in nasal plasma exudation, including antigen doses, volumes of antigen solution used, and animal position during the nasal lavage, and the conditions of nasal lavage. The number of eosinophils and levels of histamine and leukotriene B4 in the nasal lavage and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa were determined at the early and late phases after antigen challenge. We also compared the effects of topical nasal treatments for allergic rhinitis on nasal inflammatory responses. Our results demonstrate that, in the guinea pig nasal mucosa, topical challenge with antigens induces plasma exudation and histamine release at the acute-phase reaction, and plasma exudation and eosinophil infiltration at the late-phase reaction. These changes are similar to those reported in human allergic rhinitis. Alterations of nasal plasma exudation, histamine release and eosinophil influx were dependent upon the concentrations and volumes of antigens. An antihistamine inhibited the acute-phase reaction partially, whereas budesonide inhibited effects at the late-phase reaction. We suggest that this model of guinea pig allergic rhinitis with the early and late responses may be useful for high-throughout screening of new drugs.
|
|
| 21. |
- Fu, Yunfei, et al.
(författare)
-
Fundamental Characteristics of Tropical Rain Cell Structures as Measured by TRMM PR
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Meteorological Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-6037 .- 2198-0934. ; 34:6, s. 1129-1150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rain cells are the most elementary unit of precipitation system in nature. In this study, fundamental geometric and physical characteristics of rain cells over tropical land and ocean areas are investigated by using 15-yr measurements of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). The rain cells are identified with a minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) method. The results indicate that about 50% of rain cells occur at length of about 20 km and width of 15 km. The proportion of rain cells with length > 200 km and width > 100 km is less than 1%. There is a a log-linear relationship between the mean length and width of rain cells. Usually, for the same horizontal geometric parameters, rain cells tend to be square horizontally and lanky vertically over land, while vertically squatty over ocean. The rainfall intensity of rain cells varies from 0.4 to 10 mm h(-1) over land to 0.4-8 mm h(-1) over ocean. Statistical results indicate that the occurrence frequency of rain cells decreases as the areal fraction of convective precipitation in rain cells increases, while such frequency remains almost invariant when the areal fraction of stratiform precipitation varies from 10% to 80%. The relationship between physical and geometric parameters of rain cells shows that the mean rain rate of rain cells is more frequently associated with the increase of their area, with the increasing rate over land greater than that over ocean. The results also illustrate that heavy convective rain rate prefers to occur in larger rain cells over land while heavy stratiform rain rate tends to appear in larger rain cells over ocean. For the same size of rain cells, the areal fraction and the contribution of convective precipitation are about 10%-15% higher over land than over ocean.
|
|
| 22. |
- Haraldsen, Pernille, et al.
(författare)
-
Pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury - effects of Lexipafant, a PAF-antagonist
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:1, s. 53-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Pulmonary injury is an important determinant of outcome in severe acute pancreatitis. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the potential effect of lexipafant, a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, on pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury in experimental acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats that were given the PAF antagonist lexipafant either before (pretreatment) or after (treatment) induction of pancreatitis. Pulmonary endothelial barrier permeability, oedema, protease inhibitor levels, pulmonary ultrastructure and membrane system integrity and levels of interleukin-1 and -6 were evaluated. Results. Pulmonary injury was characterized by increased pulmonary endothelial barrier permeability, alveolar oedema and hypoxaemia, which were noted 12 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Pretreatment with lexipafant counteracted the increase in endothelial permeability and partially prevented derangements of protease inhibitor levels. Treatment with lexipafant reduced the severity of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction and diminished the pancreatitis-induced increase in cytokines. Conclusions. PAF seems to play a major role in experimental pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury and protease inhibitor imbalance. Treatment with a PAF inhibitor may ameliorate pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Li, Hongliang, et al.
(författare)
-
Catalytic performance and characterization of Al2O3-supported Pt-Co catalyst coatings for preferential CO oxidation in a micro-reactor
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Applied Catalysis A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-860X .- 1873-3875. ; 387:1-2, s. 215-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) catalyst coatings are studied for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide (PROX) ill hydrogen-rich gas streams. Experimental results show a role for cobalt in improving catalytic activity. The most active catalyst coating can decrease carbon monoxide concentrations from 1% to a value of less than 10 ppm for GHSV values ranging from 40,000 to 120,000 ml g(-1) h(-1). This catalyst coating can work at a wide window of operation ill terms of temperature. Transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy show that the addition of Co forms Pt3Co intermetallic compounds and slightly increases the average particle size. In situ laser Raman spectroscopy reveals the co-existence of Co metal and its oxides on the catalyst surface, due to gradual oxidation of Co by gas phase oxygen within the initial stage of the PROX reaction. The promotional effect of Co during PROX is confirmed and ascribed to this Pt3Co intermetallic compound and the synergetic effect of Co-0 and Co chi+. The high accessibility of the reactant to Pt3Co species appears favorable and crucial for PROX.
|
|
| 26. |
- Liu, Daosheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic Properties and Vibration Characteristics of Amorphous Alloy Strip and Its Combination
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IET Electric Power Applications. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8660 .- 1751-8679. ; 13:10, s. 1589-1597
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the cores made with amorphous metal alloy have lowered no-load losses compared with the orientation silicon steel cores, a high cost and noise level are inevitable because the magnetostriction for amorphous metal alloy strip is larger than the ordinary one. This paper mainly focused on the experimental systems and methods for magnetic properties measurement, vibration characteristics and noise level of amorphous alloy strip and combinations. The vibration characteristics and noise level of amorphous alloy composite strip were also studied. The influence of annealing process on magnetic energy, vibration characteristics and noise level of amorphous alloy core were analyzed in detail as well. All the testing results and analysis above are helpful for the transformer manufacturers, and they can replace the expensive amorphous alloy metal strip with the combination ones to reduce the noise and the cost of the cores.
|
|
| 27. |
- Sanden, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Broad Th2 neutralization and anti-inflammatory action of pentosan polysulfate sodium in experimental allergic rhinitis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease. - : Wiley. - 2050-4527. ; 5:3, s. 300-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Th2 cytokines like interleukin-4, -5, and -13 are regarded as important drivers of the immunopathology underlying allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. The present study explores the capacity of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), a semi-synthetic heparin-like macromolecular carbohydrate, to bind Th2 cytokines and exert biological neutralization in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory actions in vivo.
|
|
| 28. |
- Shi, Changbin, et al.
(författare)
-
Cellular and molecular events in acute pancreatitis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:3, s. 142-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease in which the underlying mechanisms of the local initiating events in the pancreas, the systemic dissemination of the inflammatory response and the development of remote organ dysfunction have not been fully clarified. AP is still associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Clinical therapeutic strategies for AP have so far been mainly directed at supportive critical care. After the initial injury to the pancreatic acinar cells, the inflammatory mediators released from the inflamed acini trigger activating cascades through immunocompetent cells, leading to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. These damaged, inflamed acinar cells interact with activated, immigrated immune cells and inflammatory mediators and therefore amplify the inflammatory response in AP. Of these immune cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AP. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating the importance of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the initiation of the progression of AP. Inflammatory mediators in damaged, inflamed acinar cells and activated immunocompetent cells are closely regulated through cellular signalling pathways, e.g. those involving nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactive oxygen species and protein kinase C. Therefore, cellular and molecular events are crucial to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AP. Single- or multi-modal treatment regimens directed at regulating different steps in the signalling pathways could represent future modes of management.
|
|
| 29. |
- Shi, Changbin, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential effects of PKC or protease inhibitors on acute pancreatitis-induced tissue injury in rats.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Vascular Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-1891. ; 46:6, s. 406-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is still one of the severe diseases, that cause the development of multiple organ dysfunction with a high mortality. Effective therapies for AP are still limited, mainly due to unclear mechanisms by which A-P initiates both pancreatic and extrapancreatic organ injury. Methods: Protease inhibitors (aprotinin, pefabloc, trypsin inhibitor) and PKC inhibitors (polymyxin B, staurosporine) were administrated 30 min before 'induction of AP in rats. To investigate the pancreatic, systemic and lung inflammatory response and injury, plasma IL-6 and IL-10, pancreatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase (NIPO) levels, pancreatic protease activity and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity in ascites were measured 3 and 6 h after AP induction. Results: Pretreatment with protease inhibitors significantly prevented from AP-increased plasma levels of IL-10, pancreatic and pulmonary levels of MTO, pancreatic protease activity and the catalytic activity of PLA(2) in ascites. PKC inhibitors significantly reduced pancreatic and pulmonary levels of MTO and pancreatic protease activity. Conclusion: Inhibition of proteases in AP may be helpful in ameliorating the inflammatory reaction in both pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues, where neutrophil involvement may be regulated by PKC and proteases.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Sun, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
Polysaccharide-K (PSK) in Cancer : Old Story, New Possibilities?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - 0929-8673. ; 19:5, s. 757-762
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polysaccharide-K (PSK, Krestin) is one of the most commonly used medicinal mushroom extracts with a long history as an additive in cancer therapy in Asia, especially in Japan. PSK has a documented anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vitro, in various types of cancers, including colorectal, gastric, breast, liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer. Despite PSK having been studied for about 40 years as an immune modulator and biological response modifier, the mechanisms of action by PSK have not yet been clearly and completely elucidated. This review aims to provide an up-to-date account for the effects of PSK in cancer with the hope of thereby providing an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PSK and also its potential as an additive in modern cancer therapy.
|
|
| 34. |
- Sun, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 11:2, s. 252-260
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. It is characterized by a rapid disease progression, a highly invasive tumor phenotype, and frequently resistance to chemotherapy. Despite significant advances in diagnosis, staging, and surgical management of the disease during the past decade, prognosis of pancreatic cancer is still dismal. Methods and Results: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways regulate cellular growth, metabolism, survival, and motility in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is associated with a high degree of genetic alterations that can result in aberrant activation of the PI3K signaling pathway. Elucidating the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer may thus be both meaningful and necessary. Conclusion: Improved knowledge of the PI3K signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer would furthermore be helpful in understanding mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression, and in identifying appropriate targeted anticancer treatment in pancreatic cancer. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP
|
|
| 35. |
- Sun, Xun, et al.
(författare)
-
Large recoverable strain with suitable transition temperature in TiNb-based multicomponent shape memory alloys : First-principles calculations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TiNb-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) have great potentials in biomaterials. However, high transition temperature or small recoverable strain limit their application. Using first-principles method, we systematically study the recoverable strain and transition temperature of TiNb-based binary, ternary, and high-entropy alloys (HEAs), and aim to lower the transition temperature and improve the recoverable strain at the same time. We find that the employed approach describes accurately the lattice strain by comparing with the available experimental results. It is well known that there is a positive correlation between lattice strain and recoverable strain in SMAs. Thus, we have evaluated the magnitude of recoverable strain of SMAs by calculating the lattice strain. Meanwhile, we correlate the available measured martensitic transformation start temperature (M-s) with the calculated energy difference between beta and alpha'' phases in Ti-Nb binary alloys. According to this relation, we evaluate the M-s in other TiNb-based alloys. We find that Zr is a good alloying element that can decrease considerably the M-s and keep the lattice (recoverable) strain almost unchanged simultaneously. Finally, an Al-containing Ti24Nb25Zr24S24Al3 HEA has been designed to have simultaneously large recoverable strain and low transition temperature.
|
|
| 36. |
- Sun, Xun, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase selection rule for Al-doped CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys from first-principles
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 140, s. 366-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using ab initio alloy theory, we investigate the lattice stability of paramagnetic AlxCrMnFeCoNi (0 <= x <= 5) high-entropy alloys considering the competing body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structures. The theoretical lattice constants increase with increasing x, in good agreement with experimental data. Upon Al addition, the crystal structure changes from fcc to bcc with a broad two-phase field region, in line with observations. The magnetic transition temperature for the bcc structure strongly decreases with x, whereas that for the fee structure shows weak composition dependence. Within their own stability fields, both structures are predicted to be paramagnetic at ambient conditions. Bain path calculations support that within the duplex region both phases are dynamically stable. As compared to AlxCrFeCoNi, equiatomic Mn addition is found to shrink the stability range of the fcc phase and delay the appearance of the bcc phase in terms of Al content, thus favoring the duplex region in 3d-metals based high-entropy alloys.
|
|
| 37. |
- Sun, Zhengwu, et al.
(författare)
-
Effective treatment of gut barrier dysfunction using an antioxidant, a PAF inhibitor, and monoclonal antibodies against the adhesion molecule PECAM-1.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 105:2, s. 220-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oxygen free radicals (OFRs), platelet activating factor (PAF), cell adhesion molecules, and transmigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the gut barrier are probably all essential in the development of gut barrier dysfunction following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Pretreatment and early treatment of I/R with the OFRs-scavenger (NAC), the PAF inhibitor lexipafant, and monoclonal antibodies against the adhesion molecule PECAM-1 (anti-PECAM-1-Mab) have been reported to be effective in the prevention or recovery of gut barrier dysfunction and result in a decrease in cytokine levels. Less is known about the effect of treatment inserted during the late stage of I/R. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of single or combination therapy with NAC, lexipafant, and anti-PECAM-1-MAb administered late during intestinal I/R in the rat. METHODS: NAC, lexipafant, and anti-PECAM-1-MAb were administrated, alone or in combination, after 3 h of reperfusion following 40 min of superior mesenteric arterial ischemia in the rat. Intestinal endothelial and epithelial barrier permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and protease inhibitor levels were evaluated after 12 h of reperfusion. RESULTS: Intestinal endothelial and epithelial permeability significantly increased in rats with I/R and saline treatment. Proteolytic activity in plasma was indicated by low levels of the three measured plasma protease inhibitors. Intestinal mucosal MPO content increased significantly. These changes were, to different degrees, reduced by late inserted treatment with NAC, lexipafant, or anti-PECAM-1-MAb. Alterations in systemic levels of IL-1 beta paralleled the changes found in gut barrier permeability and leukocyte trapping. Systemic antithrombin III levels and increased barrier permeability in remote organs were partly restored, especially by multimodal therapy. CONCLUSION: Treatment with NAC, lexipafant, and/or monoclonal antibodies against PECAM-1, inserted at a later stage of I/R, reduced the severity of I/R-associated intestinal dysfunction and decreased the systemic concentrations of IL-1 beta, local leukocyte recruitment (MPO), and partly restored plasma protease inhibitor levels.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Thorlacius, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Lactobacilli attenuate bacteremia and endotoxemia associated with severe intra-abdominal infection
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Surgery. - 1532-7361. ; 134:3, s. 467-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Systemic administration of antibiotics or selective decontamination is frequently used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections originating from the gastrointestinal flora. In this study, we wanted to compare. the protective effect of enteral administration of lactobacilli to gentamicin against severe intra-abdominal infection. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were pretreated with saline, Lactobacillus R2LC, and gentamicin. Bacterial growth and endotoxin levels in the blood, reticuloendothelial system (RES) function, and intestinal transit were determined up to 24 hours after CLP. Results. CLP-provoked bacteremia was significantly reduced by 48% and 55% in lactobacilli- and gentamicin-treated rats, respectively. Notably, CLP-induced endotoxemia was abolished at 12 hours, and reduced by 47% at 24 hours, in rats pretreated with lactobacilli., Gentamicin reduced endotoxin levels provoked by CLP by 86% at 12 hours, but had no effect at 24 hours. Lactobacilli had no effect on the clearance of Escherichia coli (E coli) from the blood, whereas intestinal transit was increased in lactobacilli-treated animals, suggesting that the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus R2LC is not related to an increase of phagocytic capacity but may rather be partly attributable to an enhanced intestinal motility. Conclusion. Enteral administration of Lactobacillus R2LC attenuates bacteremia and endotoxemia associated with intra-abdominal infection in rats.
|
|
| 40. |
- Végvári, Ákos, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical and Biomedical Mass Spectrometry - New Frontiers in Drug Developments and Diagnosis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Bioinformatics of Human Proteomics. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400758117 ; Translational Bioinformatics 3, s. 169-186
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare systems today are undergoing major restructuring. From the patient’s perspective, expectations focusing on high quality treatments for most common diseases – such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and others – have gone unmet in most countries throughout the world. Today, a number of protein expression and analysis platforms is available, which can generate large-scale maps of proteins related to healthy and diseased states. These mass spectrometry-based technologies are used on a daily basis by thousands of research laboratories around the world. The major interest is focused on discovery and validation of novel biomarkers in various diseases, as well as on targeted proteomics where quantification of multiple protein biomarkers is achieved. We present these technological developments in relation to disease diagnosis and treatment and provide two examples where significant progress has been made.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Wang, Xiaohuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Machine Learning Method to Discover Hygrothermal Transfer Patterns from the Outside of the Wall to Interior Bamboo and Wood Composite Sheathing
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 12:7, s. 898-898
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify hygrothermal transfer patterns of exterior walls is a crucial issue in the design, assessment, and construction of buildings. Temperature and relative humidity, as sensor monitoring data, were collected from the outside of the wall to interior bamboo and wood composite sheathing over the year in Huangshan Mountain District, Anhui Province, China. Combining the machine learning method of reservoir computing (RC) with agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), a novel clustering framework was built for better extraction of the characteristics of hygrothermal transfer on the time series data. The experimental results confirmed the hypothesis that the change in the temperature and relative humidity of the outside of the wall (RHT12) dominated the change of the interior sheathing (RHT11). The delay time between two adjacent peaks in temperature was 1 to 2 h, while that in relative humidity was 1 to 4 h from the outside of the wall to interior bamboo and wood composite sheathing. There was no significant difference in temperature peak delay time between April and July. Temperature peak delay time was 50 to 120 min. However, relative humidity peak delay time was 100 to 240 min in April, whereas it was 20 to 120 min in July. The impact formed a relatively linear relationship between outdoor temperature and relative humidity peak delay time. The hygrothermal transfer patterns were characterized effectively by the peak delays. The discovery of the hygrothermal transfer patterns for the bamboo and wood composite walls using the machine learning method will facilitate the development of energy-efficient and durable bamboo and wood composite wall materials and structures.
|
|
| 46. |
- Yang, Yaochun, et al.
(författare)
-
Ab initio study of the elastic properties of body-centered cubic Ti-Mo-based alloys
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using ab initio alloy theory, we systemically investigate the effect of alloying elements on the elastic properties of body-centered cubic (bcc) Ti1-x-yMoxMy (0.05 <= x <= 0.2; 0 <= y <= 0.4; M = Mg, Mn, Ni, Zr, Nb, and W) alloys. The theoretical single-crystal and polycrystalline elastic moduli of Ti1-xMox (0.05 <= x <= 0.2) agree well with the available experimental values and previous theoretical data. The lattice parameters of Ti-Mo-M ternary alloys significantly increase (decrease) with increasing Mg and Zr (Mn and Ni) contents, while remain almost constant for Nb and W additions. It is found that Mg is a promising alloying element that could decrease the Young's modulus of bcc Ti-Mo alloys, but its content should be as small as possible since the stability of the beta phase decreases with increasing Mg concentration. On the other hand, Mn, Ni, Nb, Zr, and W enhance the Young's modulus and the stability of the beta phase.
|
|
| 47. |
- Zhang, Hualei, et al.
(författare)
-
Elastic properties of AlxCrMnFeCoNi (0 <= x <= 5) high-entropy alloys from ab initio theory
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 155, s. 12-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using ab initio calculations, we investigate the elastic properties of paramagnetic AlxCrMnFeCoNi (0 <= x <= 5) high -entropy alloys (HEAs) in both body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. Comparison with available experimental data demonstrates that the employed approach describes accurately the elastic moduli. The predicted lattice constants increase monotonously with Al addition, whereas the elastic parameters exhibit complex composition dependences. The elastic anisotropy is unusually high for both phases. The brittle/ductile transitions formulated in terms of Cauchy pressure and Pugh ratio become consistent only when the strong elastic anisotropy is accounted for. The negative Cauchy pressure of CrMnFeCoNi is due to the relatively low bulk modulus and C-12 elastic constant, which in turn are consistent with the relatively low cohesive energy. The present findings in combination with the experimental data suggest anomalous metallic character for the HEAs system. (C) 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 48. |
- Zhao, Xia, et al.
(författare)
-
A new understanding of pancreatitis-associated pulmonary injury
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organ Dysfuntion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-1060 .- 1747-1079. ; 2:3, s. 156-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is one of the earliest organ dysfunctions occurring in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. In this review we explore potential mechanisms of endothelial barrier dysfunction, neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage activation, adhesion molecule expression, initial factors, mast cell involvement and intracellular signaling in PALI. Different regulatory mechanisms exist in PALI and sepsis-induced lung injury. Endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs early on in acute pancreatitis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-agr and monocyte chemoattractive protein-1 levels in the circulation gradually increase in acute pancreatitis. Leukocytes from the circulation, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar fluid exhibit different expression and activation patterns in the development of PALI. Mast cells seem to be involved in the initiation of leukocyte activation during the initial phase of PALI. Activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway could play an important role in the pathogenesis of PALI. Inhibition of PKC may be one candidate to prevent and treat the development of PALI.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
