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Sökning: WFRF:(Wang Xin Zhu)

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1.
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2.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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3.
  • Aad, G, et al. (författare)
  • 2015
  • swepub:Mat__t
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4.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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5.
  • Kristanl, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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6.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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7.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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8.
  • Deng, Min, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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9.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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10.
  • Wang, Fang, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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11.
  • Jin, Ying-Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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12.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Visual Object Tracking VOT2016 Challenge Results
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2016 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319488813 - 9783319488806 ; , s. 777-823
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2016 aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 70 trackers are presented, with a large number of trackers being published at major computer vision conferences and journals in the recent years. The number of tested state-of-the-art trackers makes the VOT 2016 the largest and most challenging benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the Appendix. The VOT2016 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) introducing a new semi-automatic ground truth bounding box annotation methodology and (ii) extending the evaluation system with the no-reset experiment.
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13.
  • Wang, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Organic nanocrystals induced surface passivation towards high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Surface passivation has played a critical role for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells by reducing surface defects, promoting charge transport, and preventing the penetration of degrading agents. State-of-the-art passivation approaches mainly rely on the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layer or the deposition of an ultrathin layer based on the molecular design. Here, we demonstrated a novel nanocrystal-pinning passivation by dripping 2-bromoethyltrimethylammonium bromide (BETAB) colloidal solution onto perovskite films. Theoretical simulation and kinds of experimental results confirm that BETAB nanocrystals can effectively reduce the defect density of perovskite films. Impressively, the resulting FA1-xMAxPbI3 based planar devices exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.04% (certified: 22.10%) with a voltage loss of only 390 mV. Besides, the BETAB nanocrystals could simultaneously increase the hydrophobic property of perovskite films and prevent the reaction and formation of 2D perovskites during device operation. Correspondingly, the resulted devices exhibit excellent stability under moisture, heating, and operational tracking conditions.
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14.
  • Dong, Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Observation of a Ubiquitous (π, π)-Type Nematic Superconducting Order in the Whole Superconducting Dome of Ultra-Thin BaFe2–xNixAs2 Single Crystals
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chinese Physics Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0256-307X .- 1741-3540. ; 38:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In iron-based superconductors, the (0, pi) or (pi, 0) nematicity, which describes an electronic anisotropy with a four-fold symmetry breaking, is well established and believed to be important for understanding the superconducting mechanism. However, how exactly such a nematic order observed in the normal state can be related to the superconducting pairing is still elusive. Here, by performing angular-dependent in-plane magnetoresistivity using ultra-thin flakes in the steep superconducting transition region, we unveil a nematic superconducting order along the (pi, pi) direction in electron-doped BaFe2 - x Ni x As2 from under-doped to heavily overdoped regimes with x = 0.065-0.18. It shows superconducting gap maxima along the (pi, pi) direction rotated by 45 degrees from the nematicity along (0, pi) or (pi, 0) direction observed in the normal state. A similar (pi, pi)-type nematicity is also observed in the under-doped and optimally doped hole-type Ba1 - y K y Fe2As2, with y = 0.2-0.5. These results suggest that the (pi, pi) nematic superconducting order is a universal feature that needs to be taken into account in the superconducting pairing mechanism in iron-based superconductors.
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15.
  • Gao, Y, et al. (författare)
  • Serum Folate Correlates with Severity of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Predicts Disease Progression
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BioMed research international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6141 .- 2314-6133. ; 2018, s. 5703279-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to determine the associations between serum folate level and the clinical course and severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). We retrospectively enrolled 112 pairs of GBS patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls with measured serum folate levels. On admission, 21 (18.9%) GBS patients had folate deficiency, of which only two were female patients. Patients with normal folate levels had a shorter disease progression than those with folate deficiency (median progression duration: 6 versus 13 days, p < 0.001). Serum folate levels on admission were correlated with progression duration and Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score in the upper limbs at nadir (r = -0.261, p = 0.005; r = -0.208, p = 0.03) but not with the duration of hospital stay or GBS disability score (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that normal folate levels on admission were an independent predictor of faster GBS progression, along with younger age, intact deep sensation, and a lower MRC sum score on admission. These results show that serum folate levels are correlated with the progression duration and severity of GBS. Further studies are required to confirm the potential of folate level as a biomarker for GBS prognosis.
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16.
  • Gou, De Hai, et al. (författare)
  • Inhibition of copper transporter 1 prevents α-synuclein pathology and alleviates nigrostriatal degeneration in AAV-based mouse model of Parkinson's disease
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Copper promotes α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in vitro. The level of copper and copper transporter 1, which is the only known high-affinity copper importer in the brain, decreases in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. However, the relationship between copper, copper transporter 1 and α-synuclein pathology remains elusive. Here, we aim to decipher the molecular mechanisms of copper and copper transporter 1 underlying Parkinson's disease pathology. We employed yeast and mammalian cell models expressing human α-synuclein, where exogenous copper accelerated intracellular α-synuclein inclusions and silencing copper transporter 1 reduced α-synuclein aggregates in vitro, suggesting that copper transporter 1 might inhibit α-synuclein pathology. To study our hypothesis in vivo, we generated a new transgenic mouse model with copper transporter 1 conditional knocked-out specifically in dopaminergic neuron. Meanwhile, we unilaterally injected adeno-associated viral human-α-synuclein into the substantia nigra of these mice. Importantly, we found that copper transporter 1 deficiency significantly reduced S129-phosphorylation of α-synuclein, prevented dopaminergic neuronal loss, and alleviated motor dysfunction caused by α-synuclein overexpression in vivo. Overall, our data indicated that inhibition of copper transporter 1 alleviated α-synuclein mediated pathologies and provided a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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17.
  • Tang, Ting-Ting, et al. (författare)
  • Impaired thymic export and apoptosis contribute to regulatory T-cell defects in patients with chronic heart failure.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 6:9, s. e24272-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Animal studies suggest that regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a beneficial role in ventricular remodeling and our previous data have demonstrated defects of T(reg) cells in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the mechanisms behind T(reg-)cell defects remained unknown. We here sought to elucidate the mechanism of T(reg-)cell defects in CHF patients.
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18.
  • Wang, Xin-Xin, et al. (författare)
  • What is the Role of Nb on Preferential Hydriding of Double-Phased Uranium, Stabilizing gamma-U, or Avoiding Hydrogen Aggregation?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 125:17, s. 9364-9370
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Uranium as the heaviest naturally occurring element plays important roles in nuclear industries. Hydrogen-caused corrosions and irradiation-caused structural damages are two critical degradations that threaten the safe storage and practical applications of uranium. Through alloying with transition metals like Nb, the gamma-phase of U can be stabilized at room temperature, which shows better performance against hydrogen-caused corrosions than the ground-state alpha-U. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. To explain the preferential hydriding phenomenon observed on a specially fabricated double-phase U-2.5 wt % Nb alloy, we perform multiscale ab initio calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. We find that because of different diffusion mechanisms, intrinsic alpha-U and gamma-U already show different hydrogen accumulation behaviors. The existence of random Nb atoms further inhibits hydrogen accumulation in gamma-U. Our work declares its contribution by pointing out the important role of crystal lattice architectures on hydrogen accumulations in metals.
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19.
  • Xiao, Wenming, et al. (författare)
  • Toward best practice in cancer mutation detection with whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Nature. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 39:9, s. 1141-1150
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recommendations are given on optimal read coverage and selection of calling algorithm to maximize the reproducibility of cancer mutation detection in whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing. Clinical applications of precision oncology require accurate tests that can distinguish true cancer-specific mutations from errors introduced at each step of next-generation sequencing (NGS). To date, no bulk sequencing study has addressed the effects of cross-site reproducibility, nor the biological, technical and computational factors that influence variant identification. Here we report a systematic interrogation of somatic mutations in paired tumor-normal cell lines to identify factors affecting detection reproducibility and accuracy at six different centers. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), we evaluated the reproducibility of different sample types with varying input amount and tumor purity, and multiple library construction protocols, followed by processing with nine bioinformatics pipelines. We found that read coverage and callers affected both WGS and WES reproducibility, but WES performance was influenced by insert fragment size, genomic copy content and the global imbalance score (GIV; G > T/C > A). Finally, taking into account library preparation protocol, tumor content, read coverage and bioinformatics processes concomitantly, we recommend actionable practices to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of NGS experiments for cancer mutation detection.
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20.
  • Zhu, Yan-He, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Current medical science. - : Springer. - 2096-5230 .- 2523-899X. ; 39:2, s. 237-242
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Few effective treatments for chronic Keshan disease have been available till now. The efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure is inconclusive. This study aimed to determine whether selenium supplementation is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death in chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure by ten years of follow-up. A retrospective long-term follow-up analysis was performed on a monitored cohort consisting of 302 chronic Keshan disease patients with a mean age of 40.8±11.4 years. Of the 302 chronic Keshan disease patients, 170 (56.3%) were given selenium supplementation until the end point of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the independent predictors of cardiac events. Our results showed that during the follow-up, there were 101 deaths of patients with chronic Keshan disease in the selenium supplementation group (101/170, 59.4%) and 98 in non-selenium supplementation group (98/132, 74.2%). Multivariate analyses suggested that selenium supplementation was associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.28-0.53) after adjustment for baseline age, sex, cigarette smoking, family history of Keshan disease, body mass index (BMI), heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, blood pressure, initial cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) and whole-blood selenium concentration. Our ten-year follow-up analysis indicated that selenium supplementation, specifically combined with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and beta blocker therapy, improved the survival of patients with chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure. BMI, selenium deficiency, male, combined ECG abnormalities, LVEF, and fast heart rate increased the risk of cardiac events.
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21.
  • Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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22.
  • Fan, Qunping, et al. (författare)
  • 10.13% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Improving the Optical Absorption of Polymer Acceptors
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The limited light absorption capacity for most polymer acceptors hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Herein, by simultaneously increasing the conjugation of the acceptor unit and enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor unit, a novel narrow-bandgap polymer acceptor PF3-DTCO based on an A–D–A-structured acceptor unit ITIC16 and a carbon–oxygen (C–O)-bridged donor unit DTCO is developed. The extended conjugation of the acceptor units from IDIC16 to ITIC16 results in a red-shifted absorption spectrum and improved absorption coefficient without significant reduction of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, in addition to further broadening the absorption spectrum by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer effect, the introduction of C–O bridges into the donor unit improves the absorption coefficient and electron mobility, as well as optimizes the morphology and molecular order of active layers. As a result, the PF3-DTCO achieves a higher PCE of 10.13% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.75 mA cm−2 in all-PSCs compared with its original polymer acceptor PF2-DTC (PCE = 8.95% and Jsc = 13.82 mA cm−2). Herein, a promising method is provided to construct high-performance polymer acceptors with excellent optical absorption for efficient all-PSCs.
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23.
  • Haycock, Philip C., et al. (författare)
  • Association Between Telomere Length and Risk of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases A Mendelian Randomization Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:5, s. 636-651
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: The causal direction and magnitude of the association between telomere length and incidence of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases is uncertain owing to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to appraise the causal relevance of telomere length for risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. DATA SOURCES: Genomewide association studies (GWAS) published up to January 15, 2015. STUDY SELECTION: GWAS of noncommunicable diseases that assayed germline genetic variation and did not select cohort or control participants on the basis of preexisting diseases. Of 163 GWAS of noncommunicable diseases identified, summary data from 103 were available. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Summary association statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with telomere length in the general population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher telomere length due to germline genetic variation. RESULTS: Summary data were available for 35 cancers and 48 non-neoplastic diseases, corresponding to 420 081 cases (median cases, 2526 per disease) and 1 093 105 controls (median, 6789 per disease). Increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers. The strongest associations (ORs [ 95% CIs] per 1-SD change in genetically increased telomere length) were observed for glioma, 5.27 (3.15-8.81); serous low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer, 4.35 (2.39-7.94); lung adenocarcinoma, 3.19 (2.40-4.22); neuroblastoma, 2.98 (1.92-4.62); bladder cancer, 2.19 (1.32-3.66); melanoma, 1.87 (1.55-2.26); testicular cancer, 1.76 (1.02-3.04); kidney cancer, 1.55 (1.08-2.23); and endometrial cancer, 1.31 (1.07-1.61). Associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division. There was generally little evidence of association between genetically increased telomere length and risk of psychiatric, autoimmune, inflammatory, diabetic, and other non-neoplastic diseases, except for coronary heart disease (OR, 0.78 [ 95% CI, 0.67-0.90]), abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 0.63 [ 95% CI, 0.49-0.81]), celiac disease (OR, 0.42 [ 95% CI, 0.28-0.61]) and interstitial lung disease (OR, 0.09 [ 95% CI, 0.05-0.15]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
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24.
  • He, Jiansen, et al. (författare)
  • Direct Measurement of the Dissipation Rate Spectrum around Ion Kinetic Scales in Space Plasma Turbulence
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 880:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The energy of turbulence in the universe, which cascades from large fluid scales to small kinetic scales, is believed to be dissipated through conversion to thermal or nonthermal kinetic energy. However, identifying the dissipation processes and measuring the dissipation rate in turbulence remain challenging. Based on unprecedented high-quality measurements of space plasma turbulence by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we propose a novel approach to measure the scale-dependent spectrum of the energy conversion rate between the fluctuating electromagnetic energy and plasma kinetic energy. The energy conversion rate spectrum is found to show a positive bulge around the ion kinetic scale, which clearly indicates the dissipation of the turbulent energy. The energy dissipation rate around the ion scale is estimated to be 0.5 x 10(6) J kg(-1) s(-1). This work provides basic information on local dissipation in magnetosheath turbulence and sets up a new paradigm for studying the dissipation of universal plasma turbulence.
  •  
25.
  • Leng, Jiewu, et al. (författare)
  • Unlocking the power of industrial artificial intelligence towards Industry 5.0: Insights, pathways, and challenges
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 73, s. 349-363
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the continuous development of human-centric, resilient, and sustainable manufacturing towards Industry 5.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gradually unveiled new opportunities for additional functionalities, new features, and tendencies in the industrial landscape. On the other hand, the technology-driven Industry 4.0 paradigm is still in full swing. However, there exist many unreasonable designs, configurations, and implementations of Industrial Artificial Intelligence (IndAI) in practice before achieving either Industry 4.0 or Industry 5.0 vision, and a significant gap between the individualized requirement and actual implementation result still exists. To provide insights for designing appropriate models and algorithms in the upgrading process of the industry, this perspective article classifies IndAI by rating the intelligence levels and presents four principles of implementing IndAI. Three significant opportunities of IndAI, namely, collaborative intelligence, self-learning intelligence, and crowd intelligence, towards Industry 5.0 vision are identified to promote the transition from a technology-driven initiative in Industry 4.0 to the coexistence and interplay of Industry 4.0 and a value-oriented proposition in Industry 5.0. Then, pathways for implementing IndAI towards Industry 5.0 together with key empowering techniques are discussed. Social barriers, technology challenges, and future research directions of IndAI are concluded, respectively. We believe that our effort can lay a foundation for unlocking the power of IndAI in futuristic Industry 5.0 research and engineering practice.
  •  
26.
  • Li, Yongting, et al. (författare)
  • Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women : Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Risks to Pregnancy Outcomes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:18, s. 7109-7128
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are found in various environmental matrixes and human samples. Exposure to OPFRs during gestation may interfere with pregnancy, for example, inducing maternal oxidative stress and maternal hypertension during pregnancy, interfering maternal and fetal thyroid hormone secretion and fetal neurodevelopment, and causing fetal metabolic abnormalities. However, the consequences of OPFR exposure on pregnant women, impact on mother-to-child transmission of OPFRs, and harmful effects on fetal and pregnancy outcomes have not been evaluated. This review describes the exposure to OPFRs in pregnant women worldwide, based on metabolites of OPFRs (mOPs) in urine for prenatal exposure and OPFRs in breast milk for postnatal exposure. Predictors of maternal exposure to OPFRs and variability of mOPs in urine have been discussed. Mother-to-child transmission pathways of OPFRs have been scrutinized, considering the levels of OPFRs and their metabolites in amniotic fluid, placenta, deciduae, chorionic villi, and cord blood. The results showed that bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the two predominant mOPs in urine, with detection frequencies of >90%. The estimated daily intake (EDIM) indicates low risk when infants are exposed to OPFRs from breast milk. Furthermore, higher exposure levels of OPFRs in pregnant women may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and influence the developmental behavior of infants. This review summarizes the knowledge gaps of OPFRs in pregnant women and highlights the crucial steps for assessing health risks in susceptible populations, such as pregnant women and fetuses.
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27.
  • Luo, Ziyu, et al. (författare)
  • An Efficient Deep-Subwavelength Second Harmonic Nanoantenna Based on Surface Plasmon-Coupled Dilute Nitride GaNP Nanowires
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 21:8, s. 3426-3434
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High-index semiconductor nanoantennae represent a powerful platform for nonlinear photon generation. Devices with reduced footprints are pivotal for higher integration capacity and energy efficiency in photonic integrated circuitry (PIC). Here, we report on a deep subwavelength nonlinear antenna based on dilute nitride GaNP nanowires (NWs), whose second harmonic generation (SHG) shows a 5-fold increase by incorporating similar to 0.45% of nitrogen (N), in comparison with GaP counterpart. Further integrating with a gold (Au) thin film-based hybrid cavity achieves a significantly boosted SHG output by a factor of similar to 380, with a nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 9.4 x 10(-6) W-1. In addition, high-density zinc blende (ZB) twin phases were found to tailor the nonlinear radiation profile via dipolar interference, resulting in a highly symmetric polarimetric pattern well-suited for coupling with polarization nano-optics. Our results manifest dilute nitride nanoantenna as promising building blocks for future chip-based nonlinear photonic technology.
  •  
28.
  • Wan, Yan, et al. (författare)
  • The orbital effect on the anomalous magnetism and evolution in LaxY1-xVO3 (0 <= x <= 0.2) single crystals
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 932, s. 167526-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The orbital effect on the anomalous magnetism and evolution of single crystals with low La doping, LaxY1-xVO3 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2), has been studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, specific heat, mag-netization, and Raman-scattering techniques. It is found that substituting Y3+ by La3+ increases the de-generacy of the yz/zx orbitals and decreases the Jahn-Teller distortion. These weakens the G-type (antiphase ordering along the c axis) orbital ordering phase. Meanwhile, the substituting decreases the magnetism entropy, indicating the shrinking of the t2g and eg orbital hybridization, eventually destabilizing the C-type (in-phase ordering along the c axis) antiferromagnetic ordering phase. In addition, the mechanism for the shrinking of the diamagnetism with increasing x is analyzed. It may attribute to the competition between the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and the single-ion anisotropy.
  •  
29.
  • Yang, Fu-Sheng, et al. (författare)
  • Chromosome-level genome assembly of a parent species of widely cultivated azaleas
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Azaleas (Ericaceae) comprise one of the most diverse ornamental plants, renowned for their cultural and economic importance. We present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Rhododendron simsii, the primary ancestor of azalea cultivars. Genome analyses unveil the remnants of an ancient whole-genome duplication preceding the radiation of most Ericaceae, likely contributing to the genomic architecture of flowering time. Small-scale gene duplications contribute to the expansion of gene families involved in azalea pigment biosynthesis. We reconstruct entire metabolic pathways for anthocyanins and carotenoids and their potential regulatory networks by detailed analysis of time-ordered gene co-expression networks. MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors may collectively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in R. simsii, particularly at the initial stages of flower coloration, and with WRKY transcription factors controlling progressive flower coloring at later stages. This work provides a cornerstone for understanding the underlying genetics governing flower timing and coloration and could accelerate selective breeding in azalea. Azaleas are one of the most diverse ornamental plants and have cultural and economic importance. Here, the authors report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the primary ancestor of the azalea cultivar Rhododendro simsi and identify transcription factors that may function in flower coloration at different stages.
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30.
  • Yu, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Piezoelectric Effect Modulates Nanozyme Activity: Underlying Mechanism and Practical Application
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Small. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:52
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanozyme activity relies on surface electron transfer processes. Notably, the piezoelectric effect plays a vital role in influencing nanozyme activity by generating positive and negative charges on piezoelectric materials' surfaces. This article comprehensively reviews the potential mechanisms and practical applications of regulating nanozyme activity through the piezoelectric effect. The article first elucidates how the piezoelectric effect enables nanozymes to exhibit catalytic activity. It is highlighted that the positive and negative charges produced by this effect directly participate in redox reactions, leading to the conversion of materials from an inactive to an active state. Moreover, the piezoelectric field generated can enhance nanozyme activity by accelerating electron transfer rates or reducing binding energy between nanozymes and substrates. Practical applications of piezoelectric nanozymes are explored in the subsequent section, including water pollutant degradation, bacterial disinfection, biological detection, and tumor therapy, which demonstrate the versatile potentials of the piezoelectric effect in nanozyme applications. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research into the catalytic mechanisms of piezoelectric nanozymes, suggesting expanding the scope of catalytic types and exploring new application areas. Furthermore, the promising direction of synergistic catalytic therapy is discussed as an inspiring avenue for future research.
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31.
  • Zhang, Jin-Ting, et al. (författare)
  • Nuclear to cytoplasmic shift of p33ING1b protein from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological variables
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 134:3, s. 421-426
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: p33ING1b, as a candidate tumour suppressor gene, has been found to be expressed a proportion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), however, its clinicopathological significance is not studied yet. Our aim was to investigate association of p33ING1b expression with clinicopathological variables and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in OSCCs. Methods: p33ING1b expression was immumohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa specimens and 49 OSCCs. Results: Normal squamous cells showed only p33ING1b nuclear expression (no cytoplasmic expression), with a rate of 90% positive cases. While 24% of OSCCs appeared cytoplasmic expression (11 of them with weak nuclear staining) and the rest tumours (76%) were negative for p33 ING1b. Furthermore, the cases having lymph node metastasis showed a higher frequency of positive cytoplasmic expression than those without metastasis (P = 0.03). The p33ING1b cytoplasmic expression was positively related to PINCH expression (P = 0.04), the cases positive for both proteins had a high rate of the metastasis (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The transfer of p33ING1b protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm may result in loss of normal cellular function of the protein, which might play a role in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of OSCCs. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
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32.
  • Zhou, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Simultaneous manipulation of scalable absorbance and the electronic bridge for efficient CO2 photoreduction
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:48, s. 25661-25670
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Highly active, low-cost, and stable photocatalysts are the key point for the development of photocatalysis technology, which is one of the most promising advanced approaches to a greener future. As a nonmetallic polymer with high performance, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a notable effect on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. However, the narrow light absorption limits its photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, we prepared red g-C3N4 with the oxygen bridge structure (CSCN) using a grinding thermal polymerization method. The oxygen bridge structure provides more active sites, broadens the light absorption range, and improves the charge separation efficiency. Benefiting from the combined above advantages, CSCN exhibited a rate of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO of 28.5 mu mol g(-1) h(-1). This work proposes a way to enhance the light absorption efficiency and CO2 reduction properties of g-C3N4.
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33.
  • Zhuang, Ting, et al. (författare)
  • SHARPIN stabilizes estrogen receptor a and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:44, s. 77137-77151
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estrogen receptor a is expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression. In our study, we identified the novel E3 ubiquitin ligase SHARPIN function to facilitate ERα signaling. SHARPIN is highly expressed in human breast cancer and correlates with ERα protein level by immunohistochemistry. SHARPIN expression level correlates with poor prognosis in ERα positive breast cancer patients. SHARPIN depletion based RNA-sequence data shows that ERα signaling is a potential SHARPIN target. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases ERα protein level, ERα target genes expression and estrogen response element activity in breast cancer cells, while SHARPIN overexpression could reverse these effects. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases estrogen stimulated cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, which effect could be further rescued by ERα overexpression. Further mechanistic study reveals that SHARPIN mainly localizes in the cytosol and interacts with ERα both in the cytosol and the nuclear. SHARPIN regulates ERα signaling through protein stability, not through gene expression. SHARPIN stabilizes ERα protein via prohibiting ERα protein poly-ubiquitination. Further study shows that SHARPIN could facilitate the mono-ubiquitinaiton of ERα at K302/303 sites and facilitate ERE luciferase activity. Together, our findings propose a novel ERα modulation mechanism in supporting breast cancer cell growth, in which SHARPIN could be one suitable target for development of novel therapy for ERα positive breast cancer.
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34.
  • Ariyawansa, Hiran A., et al. (författare)
  • Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 75, s. 27-274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa, including five new families, 20 new genera, and 100 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new families, Ascocylindricaceae, Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae (Ascomycota) are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology. The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria (Amniculicolaceae), Heracleicola, Neodidymella and P s e u d o m i c ros p h a e r i o p s i s ( D id y m e l l a c e a e ) , P s e u d o p i t h o m y c e s ( D i d y m o s p h a e r i a c e a e ) , Brunneoclavispora, Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium (Halotthiaceae), Lophiohelichrysum (Lophiostomataceae), G a l l i i c o l a , Popul o c re s c e n t i a a nd Va g i c o l a (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Ascocylindrica (Ascocylindricaceae), E l o n g a t o p e d i c e l l a t a ( R o u s s o e l l a c e a e ) , Pseudoasteromassaria (Latoruaceae) and Pseudomonodictys (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae) are introduced. The newly described species of Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola (Amniculicolaceae), Flammeascoma lignicola (Anteagloniaceae), Ascocylindrica marina (Ascocylindricaceae) , Lembosia xyliae (Asterinaceae), Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola ( B o t r yosphae r i a cea e ) , Caryospor a aquat i c a (Caryosporaceae), Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodi dymell a thai landi cum (Didymellaceae) , Pseudopithomyces palmicola (Didymosphaeriaceae), Floricola viticola (Floricolaceae), Brunneoclavispora bambusae, Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica (Halotthiaceae), Pseudoasteromassaria fagi (Latoruaceae), Keissleriella dactylidicola (Lentitheciaceae), Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi (Lophiostomataceae), Aquasubmersa japonica (Lophiotremataceae) , Pseudomonodictys tectonae (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae), Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae (Microthyriaceae), Alloleptosphaeria clematidis, Allophaeosphaer i a c y t i s i , Allophaeosphae r i a subcylindrospora, Dematiopleospora luzulae, Entodesmium artemisiae, Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria, Loratospora(Basidiomycota) are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella (Neoantrodiellaceae), here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data. In the class Agaricomycetes, Agaricus pseudolangei, Agaricus haematinus, Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus (Agaricaceae) , Amanita m e l l e i a l b a , Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina (Amanitaceae), Entoloma calabrum, Cora barbulata, Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa (Inocybaceae), Xerocomellus sarnarii (Boletaceae), Cantharellus eucalyptorum, Cantharellus nigrescens, Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor (Cantharellaceae), Cortinarius alboamarescens, Cortinarius brunneoalbus, Cortinarius ochroamarus, Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii (Cortinariaceae), Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides (Hymenochaetaceae), Xylodon ramicida (Schizoporaceae), Colospora andalasii (Polyporaceae), Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae (Russulaceae), Tremella dirinariae, Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae (Tremellaceae) are introduced. Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea, Neoantrodiella thujae (Neoantrodiellaceae), Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida, Punctulariopsis efibulata (Punctulariaceae) are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota. Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis, Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana (Cunninghamellaceae), Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana (Mortierellaceae) are newly introduced in the Zygomycota, while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis (Neocallimastigaceae) ar e i n t roduced i n the Neocallimastigomycota. Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia, Cucurbitaria ephedricola, Austropleospora, Austropleospora archidendri, Byssosphaeria rhodomphala, Lophiostoma caulium, Pseudopithomyces maydicus, Massariosphaeria, Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.
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35.
  • Block, Keith I., et al. (författare)
  • Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Seminars in Cancer Biology. - : Academic Press. - 1044-579X .- 1096-3650. ; 35, s. S276-S304
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broadspectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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36.
  • Chen, Chao, et al. (författare)
  • Epigenome-wide gene-age interaction analysis reveals reversed effects of PRODH DNA methylation on survival between young and elderly early-stage NSCLC patients
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:11, s. 10642-10662
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • DNA methylation changes during aging, but it remains unclear whether the effect of DNA methylation on lung cancer survival varies with age. Such an effect could decrease prediction accuracy and treatment efficacy. We performed a methylation-age interaction analysis using 1,230 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients from five cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients for methylation-age interactions, which were further confirmed in a validation phase. We identified one adenocarcinoma-specific CpG probe, cg14326354PRODH, with effects significantly modified by age (HRinteraction = 0.989; 95% CI: 0.986-0.994; P = 9.18×10-7). The effect of low methylation was reversed for young and elderly patients categorized by the boundary of 95% CI standard (HRyoung = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.26-4.72; P = 8.34×10-3; HRelderly = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.82; P = 1.67×10-3). Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between low cg14326354PRODH methylation and elderly age (HRinteraction = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.11-0.40; P = 2.20×10-6). In summary, low methylation of cg14326354PRODH might benefit survival of elderly lung adenocarcinoma patients, providing new insight to age-specific prediction and potential drug targeting.
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37.
  • Chen, Chang, et al. (författare)
  • Untargeted screening of unknown xenobiotics and potential toxins in plasma of poisoned patients using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Generation of xenobiotic fingerprint using background subtraction
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 944, s. 37-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel analytical workflow was developed and applied for the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in biological samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based data-independent MSE acquisition was employed to record full scan MS and fragment spectral datasets of test and control samples. Then, an untargeted data-mining technique, background subtraction, was utilized to find xenobiotics present only in test samples. Structural elucidation of the detected xenobiotics was accomplished by database search, spectral interpretation, and/or comparison with reference standards. Application of the workflow to analysis of unknown xenobiotics in plasma samples collected from four poisoned patients led to generation of xenobiotic profiles, which were regarded as xenobiotic fingerprints of the individual samples. Among 19 xenobiotics detected, 11 xenobiotics existed in a majority of the patients plasma samples, thus were considered as potential toxins. The follow-up database search led to the tentative identification of azithromycin (X5), alpha-chaconine (X9) and penfluridol (X12). The identity of X12 was further confirmed with its reference standard. In addition, one xenobiotic component (Y5) was tentatively identified as a penfluridol metabolite. The remaining unidentified xenobiotics listed in the xenobiotic fingerprints can be further characterized or identified in retrospective analyses after their spectral data and/or reference compounds are available. This HRMS-based workflow may have broad applications in the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in individual biological samples, such as forensic and toxicological analysis and sport enhancement drug screening. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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38.
  • Chen, X., et al. (författare)
  • A unimolecular platform based on diarylethene with multiple stimuli-gated photochromism
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Dyes and pigments. - : Elsevier. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 164, s. 91-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The gated photochromic systems have attracted great interest in scientific researches due to their merits in the opto-electronic fields, whereas the multi-stimuli gating function in a unimolecular platform has rarely been addressed. Herein, a new strategy to realize multi-stimuli gated photochromic function was devised relying on a simple Schiff-based diarylethene derivative. The compound shows no photoswitching properties in solution under irradiation with any wavelength of light. It is noteworthy that mecury(II) ions, water and protons can trigger its photo-reactivity independently with different absorption changes, respectively. Therefore, a molecular logic circuit with four inputs, including mecury(II) ions, water, protons and UV light, was fabricated on the basis of the unimolecular platform, suggesting promise for application in multi-controlled photoswitchings. These results could be valuable for the further development of photoswitchings with multiple stimuli responses.
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39.
  • Dong, Wenjing, et al. (författare)
  • Charge transport study of perovskite solar cells through constructing electron transport channels
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1862-6300 .- 1862-6319. ; 214:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have attracted much attention in the recent years. It is important to understand their working principle in order to uncover the reasons behind their high efficiency. In this study, the carrier transport mechanism of PSC by controlling the structure of a scaffold is investigated. CeO2 is used as an electron blocking material in PSCs to study the electron transport behavior for the first time. The influence of light absorption can be excluded because CeO2 has a similar bandgap to TiO2. A variety of scaffolds are constructed using nano-TiO2 and CeO2. The results show that electrons can transport from light absober (perovskite) to FTO electrode (external circuit) through two kinds of channels. The energy band level, as well as the electronic conductivity of the scaffolds, is are key issues that affect electron transport. Although perovskites are able to transport both electrons and holes, it is still necessary to have effective electron transport channels (ETCs) between perovskite and external circuit for the sake of high efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis suggests that the lack of such channels will result in high recombination. The number of ETCs and effecient electron-hole separation are also proven to be important for cell performance.
  •  
40.
  • Farnocchia, Davide, et al. (författare)
  • International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2632-3338. ; 3:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0 2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.
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41.
  • Fu, Xi, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between species-level indoor microbiome, environmental characteristics, and asthma in junior high schools of Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Air quality, atmosphere and health. - : Springer Nature. - 1873-9318 .- 1873-9326. ; 15:6, s. 1043-1055
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Indoor microbiome exposure is important for asthma development, but current studies characterize the microbiome at the genus or above levels due to technical limitations. We aim to profile bacterial and fungal composition and concentration at the species level and assess its potential health effects. Four hundred sixty-three students from 8 junior high schools in Terengganu, Malaysia, were surveyed for asthma symptoms. Full-length PacBio amplicon sequencing and qPCR were conducted to quantify the absolute microbial concentration in the vacuum dust of the selected classroom. In total, 1358 bacterial and 358 fungal species were characterized, and drastic compositional variation was observed among classrooms. Three-level linear regression analyses revealed that taxa richness in Cyanobacteria were negatively associated with asthma (FDR < 0.001). The absolute concentration of Nocardioides exalbidus was protectively associated with asthma, and four bacteria species were positively associated with asthma (FDR < 0.1). Interestingly, all five species were recently isolated and characterized in Asian countries and never reported to associate with asthma. Indoor NO2 and formaldehyde concentration were associated with the overall bacterial community variation and fungal richness, respectively (p < 0.05). No environmental characteristics were directly associated with asthma, but indoor relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and weight of vacuum dust were associated with the asthma-related species (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential indirect health effect on students. This is the first study to characterize indoor microbiome and asthma-associated microorganisms at the species level, representing a region-specific microbiome exposure pattern in a tropical Asian country.
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42.
  • Fu, Xi, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between the indoor microbiome, environmental characteristics and respiratory infections in junior high school students of Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 23:8, s. 1171-1181
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pathogens are commonly present in the human respiratory tract, but symptoms are varied among individuals. The interactions between pathogens, commensal microorganisms and host immune systems are important in shaping the susceptibility, development and severity of respiratory diseases. Compared to the extensive studies on the human microbiota, few studies reported the association between indoor microbiome exposure and respiratory infections. In this study, 308 students from 21 classrooms were randomly selected to survey the occurrence of respiratory infections in junior high schools of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Vacuum dust was collected from the floor, chairs and desks of these classrooms, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) and quantitative PCR were conducted to characterize the absolute concentration of the indoor microorganisms. Fifteen bacterial genera in the classes Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were protectively associated with respiratory infections (p < 0.01), and these bacteria were mainly derived from the outdoor environment. Previous studies also reported that outdoor environmental bacteria were protectively associated with chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, but the genera identified were different between acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Four fungal genera from Ascomycota, including Devriesia, Endocarpon, Sarcinomyces and an unclassified genus from Herpotrichillaceae, were protectively associated with respiratory infections (p < 0.01). House dust mite (HDM) allergens and outdoor NO2 concentration were associated with respiratory infections and infection-related microorganisms. A causal mediation analysis revealed that the health effects of HDM and NO2 were partially or fully mediated by the indoor microorganisms. This is the first study to explore the association between environmental characteristics, microbiome exposure and respiratory infections in a public indoor environment, expanding our understanding of the complex interactions among these factors.
  •  
43.
  • Guo, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Researching on the fine structure and admixture of the worldwide chicken population reveal connections between populations and important events in breeding history
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1752-4571.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we have evaluated the general genomic structure and diversity and studied the divergence resulting from selection and historical admixture events for a collection of worldwide chicken breeds. In total, 636 genomes (43 populations) were sequenced from chickens of American, Chinese, Indonesian, and European origin. Evaluated populations included wild junglefowl, rural indigenous chickens, breeds that have been widely used to improve modern western poultry populations and current com-mercial stocks bred for efficient meat and egg production. In-depth characteriza-tions of the genome structure and genomic relationships among these populations were performed, and population admixture events were investigated. In addition, the genomic architectures of several domestication traits and central documented events in the recent breeding history were explored. Our results provide detailed insights into the contributions from population admixture events described in the historical literature to the genomic variation in the domestic chicken. In particular, we find that the genomes of modern chicken stocks used for meat production both in eastern (Asia) and western (Europe/US) agriculture are dominated by contributions from heavy Asian breeds. Further, by exploring the link between genomic selective divergence and pigmentation, connections to functional genes feather coloring were confirmed.
  •  
44.
  • He, Yixing, et al. (författare)
  • Chain Length Modulated Dimerization and Cyclization of Terminal Thienyl-Blocked Oligopyrranes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Organic Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052. ; 24:29, s. 5428-5432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Oxidation of thienyl-blocked bilane and pentapyrrane afforded chain length dependent products of the symmetric dimer D1 and the thienyloligopyrrin-appended pentaphyrin analogue P2, respectively, with the latter formed by simultaneous dimerization and cyclization. Coordination of D1 and P2 with Cu(II) afforded di-and monometallic complexes D1-Cu2 and P2 -Cu, respectively. These compounds exhibit distinct NIR absorption, with the absorption tail of D1-Cu2 extended to ca. 1900 nm despite its smaller conjugation framework than that of P2 -Cu.
  •  
45.
  • Helbig, K. L., et al. (författare)
  • De Novo Pathogenic Variants in CACNA1E Cause Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy with Contractures, Macrocephaly, and Dyskinesias
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 103:5, s. 666-678
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders often beginning in infancy or early childhood that are characterized by intractable seizures, abundant epileptiform activity on EEG, and developmental impairment or regression. CACNA1E is highly expressed in the central nervous system and encodes the alpha(1)-subunit of the voltage-gated Ca(V)2.3 channel, which conducts high voltage-activated R-type calcium currents that initiate synaptic transmission. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we identified de novo CACNA1E variants in 30 individuals with DEE, characterized by refractory infantile-onset seizures, severe hypotonia, and profound developmental impairment, often with congenital contractures, macrocephaly, hyperkinetic movement disorders, and early death. Most of the 14, partially recurring, variants cluster within the cytoplasmic ends of all four S6 segments, which form the presumed Ca(V)2.3 channel activation gate. Functional analysis of several S6 variants revealed consistent gain-of-function effects comprising facilitated voltage-dependent activation and slowed inactivation. Another variant located in the domain II S4-S5 linker results in facilitated activation and increased current density. Five participants achieved seizure freedom on the anti-epileptic drug topiramate, which blocks R-type calcium channels. We establish pathogenic variants in CACNA1E as a cause of DEEs and suggest facilitated R-type calcium currents as a disease mechanism for human epilepsy and developmental disorders.
  •  
46.
  • Huang, Ketuan, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic variants and Expression of Cytochrome p450 Oxidoreductase Predict Postoperative Survival in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cancer. - : IVYSPRING INT PUBL. - 1837-9664. ; 10:6, s. 1453-1465
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our current study investigates the prognostic values of genetic variants and mRNA expression of cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (POR) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 19 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the exons of POR were genotyped using Sanger sequencing from 476 HBV-related HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy between 2003 and 2013. The mRNA expression of POR in 212 patients with HBV-related HCC was obtained from GSE14520 dataset. Survival analysis was performed to investigate the association of POR variants and mRNA expression with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Nomograms were used to predict the prognosis of HBV-related HCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the mechanism of POR in HBV-related HCC prognosis. The polymorphism POR-rs1057868 was significantly associated with HBV-related HCC OS (CT/TT vs. CC, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.54, 0.88], P = 0.003), but not significantly associated with RFS (CT/TT vs. CC, P = 0.378). POR mRNA expression was also significantly associated with HBV-related HCC OS (high vs. low, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = [0.38, 0.97], P= 0.036), but not significantly associated with the RFS (high vs. low, P = 0.201). Two nomograms were developed to predict the HBV-related HCC OS. Furthermore, GSEA suggests that multiple gene sets were significantly enriched in liver cancer survival and recurrence, as well as POR-related target therapy in the liver. In conclusion, our study suggests that POR-rs1057868 and mRNA expression may serve as a potential postoperative prognosis biomarker in HBV-related HCC.
  •  
47.
  • Jiang, Guancong, et al. (författare)
  • Critical Role of Carbonized Cellulose in the Evolution of Highly Porous Biocarbon : Seeing the Structural and Compositional Changes of Spent Mushroom Substrate by Deconvoluted Thermogravimetric Analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 59:52, s. 22541-22548
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Structural optimization of activated carbon (AC) mainly relies on experience, which depends on the intrinsic structure of biochar, processing conditions, and the interplay of both parties. A fundamental understanding of the pore structure evolution related to the intrinsic structure and composition remains a challenge. In this work, spent mushroom substrate, a rapidly growing byproduct of the mushroom cultivation industry, is used as model biomass to prepare AC under CO2 activation. The structure and composition of the AC products with different activation durations were systematically analyzed with several characterization techniques including N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. A multipeak separation method is developed that enables quantitative analysis of carbonized lignin and carbonized cellulose. A peak area ratio parameter is proposed to describe the retention of cellulose. It is revealed that higher retention of carbonized cellulose corresponds to a larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, demonstrating the dominant role of cellulose in the pore structure development process. This work not only provides a qualitative correlation between cellulose and rich porous structure but also offers a new quantitative tool to understand the structure–composition relationship during the pore evolution process.
  •  
48.
  • Jin, Tingting, et al. (författare)
  • Efficient heterogeneous integration of InP/Si and GaSb/Si templates with ultra-smooth surfaces
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science China Information Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1869-1919 .- 1674-733X. ; 65:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterogeneous integration of InP and GaSb on Si substrates holds a huge potential interest in near-infrared and mid-infrared optoelectronic devices. In this study, 2-inch 180-nm-thick InP and 185-nm-thick GaSb thin layers were successfully transferred onto the Si substrates to form high-quality and ultra-smooth InP/Si and GaSb/Si templates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and the ion-slicing technique together with selective chemical etching. The relocation of the implantation-introduced damage in the sacrificial layer enables the transfer of relatively defect-free InP and GaSb thin films. The sacrificial layers were completely etched off by selective chemical etching, leaving ultra-smooth epitaxial surfaces with a roughness of 0.2 nm for the InP/Si template and 0.9 nm for the GaSb/Si template, respectively. Thus, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was not required to smooth the surface which usually introduces particles and chemical contaminations on the transferred templates. Furthermore, the donor substrate is not consumed and can be recycled to reduce the cost, which provides a paradigm for the sustainable and economic development of the Si integration platform.
  •  
49.
  • Li, X., et al. (författare)
  • Dual-Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens : A Material for Time-Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:19, s. 7548-7554
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Developing luminescent probes with long lifetime and high emission efficiency is essential for time-resolved imaging. However, the practical applications usually suffer from emission quenching of traditional luminogens in aggregated states, or from weak emission of aggregation-induced emission type luminogens in monomeric states. Herein, we overcome this dilemma by a rigid-and-flexible alternation design in donor–acceptor–donor skeletons, to achieve a thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminogen with high emission efficiency both in the monomeric state (quantum yield up to 35.3 %) and in the aggregated state (quantum yield up to 30.8 %). Such a dual-phase strong and long-lived emission allows a time-resolved luminescence imaging, with an efficiency independent of probe pretreatment and probe concentration. The findings open opportunities for developing luminescent probes with a usage in larger temporal and spatial scales.
  •  
50.
  • Li, Yachen, et al. (författare)
  • Intrauterine and early postnatal exposures to submicron particulate matter and childhood allergic rhinitis : A multicity cross-sectional study in China
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Airborne particulate matter pollution has been linked to occurrence of childhood allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the relationships between exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 1 µm (PM1) during early life (in utero and first year of life) and the onset of childhood AR remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate potential associations of in utero and first-year exposures to size-segregated PMs, including PM1, PM1-2.5, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10, with childhood AR.Methods: We investigated 29286 preschool children aged 3-6 years in 7 Chinese major cities during 2019-2020 as the Phase II of the China Children, Families, Health Study. Machine learning-based space-time models were utilized to estimate early-life residential exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 at 1 x 1-km resolutions. The concentrations of PM1-2.5 and PM2.5-10 were calculated by subtracting PM1 from PM2.5 and PM2.5 from PM10, respectively. Multiple mixed-effects logistic models were used to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of childhood AR associated with per 10-µg/m3 increase in exposure to particulate air pollution during in utero period and the first year of life.Results: Among the 29286 children surveyed (mean +/- standard deviation, 4.9 +/- 0.9 years), 3652 (12.5%) were reported to be diagnosed with AR. Average PM1 concentrations during in utero period and the first year since birth were 36.3 +/- 8.6 µg/m3 and 33.1 +/- 6.9 µg/m3, respectively. Exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 during pregnancy and the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of AR in children, and the OR estimates were higher for each 10-µg/m3 increase in PM1 than for PM2.5 (e.g., 1.132 [95% CI: 1.022-1.254] vs. 1.079 [95% CI: 1.014-1.149] in pregnancy; 1.151 [95% CI: 1.014-1.306] vs. 1.095 [95% CI: 1.008-1.189] in the first year of life). No associations were observed between AR and both pre- and post-natal exposure to PM1-2.5, indicating that PM1 rather than PM1-2.5 contributed to the association between PM2.5 and childhood AR. In trimester-stratified analysis, childhood AR was only found to be associated with exposure to PM1 (OR = 1.077, 95% CI: 1.027-1.128), PM2.5 (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.018-1.078), and PM10 (OR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.007-1.058) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Subgroup analysis suggested stronger PM-AR associations among younger (<5 years old) and winter-born children.Conclusions: Prenatal and postnatal exposures to ambient PM1 and PM2.5 were associated with an increased risk of childhood AR, and PM2.5-related hazards could be predominantly attributed to PM1. These findings highlighted public health significance of formulating air quality guideline for ambient PM1 in mitigating children's AR burden caused by particulate air pollution.
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