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- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(author)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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In: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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- Schoch, CL, et al.
(author)
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Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi
- 2012
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 109:16, s. 6241-6246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes for Fungi, the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multinational, multilaboratory consortium. The region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 used as the animal barcode was excluded as a potential marker, because it is difficult to amplify in fungi, often includes large introns, and can be insufficiently variable. Three subunits from the nuclear ribosomal RNA cistron were compared together with regions of three representative protein-coding genes (largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and minichromosome maintenance protein). Although the protein-coding gene regions often had a higher percent of correct identification compared with ribosomal markers, low PCR amplification and sequencing success eliminated them as candidates for a universal fungal barcode. Among the regions of the ribosomal cistron, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has the highest probability of successful identification for the broadest range of fungi, with the most clearly defined barcode gap between inter- and intraspecific variation. The nuclear ribosomal large subunit, a popular phylogenetic marker in certain groups, had superior species resolution in some taxonomic groups, such as the early diverging lineages and the ascomycete yeasts, but was otherwise slightly inferior to the ITS. The nuclear ribosomal small subunit has poor species-level resolution in fungi. ITS will be formally proposed for adoption as the primary fungal barcode marker to the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, with the possibility that supplementary barcodes may be developed for particular narrowly circumscribed taxonomic groups.
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- Deng, XM, et al.
(author)
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The involvement of multiple protease-antiprotease systems and gut origin sepsis in zymosan-associated endothelial barrier injury and multiple organ dysfunction in rats
- 2001
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In: Shock. - 1540-0514. ; 16:4, s. 298-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a dominant cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Experimentally, a condition similar to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome can be induced by the intraperitoneal injection of sterile zymosan. In the present study we investigate potential alterations in multiple organ functions, endothelial permeability, and antiproteinases after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan at various doses. Zymosan-induced generalized inflammation lead to endothelial barrier injury in multiple organs/tissues, a decrease in systemic arterial pressure, impaired organ function and gut defence function, and consumption of protease inhibitors, particularly the consumption of alpha (2) antiplasmin. Endothelial barrier injury appears to present a dose- and organ-dependent pattern in multiple organs/tissues, and the increase in endothelial barrier permeability occurred prior to organ dysfunction. Zymosan induced the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, probably initiating multiple protease-antiprotease systems, particularly the fibrinolytic system, leading to endothelial barrier injury, tissue edema, parenchymal cell damage, and eventual organ dysfunction, potentially augmented by a secondary bacterial infection.
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- Ji, MF, et al.
(author)
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Mass screening for liver cancer: results from a demonstration screening project in Zhongshan City, China
- 2018
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 12787-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current Chinese national guidelines recommend routine screening for liver cancer in patients positive for HBsAg, irrespective of fibrosis status, age, or family history of liver cancer. We aim to evaluate whether the recommended screening strategy could reduce liver-cancer-specific mortality. We conducted a liver cancer mass screening trial in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City, China, among residents aged 35–64 years in 2012. All volunteers were offered serological testing for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). We proposed biannual screening using serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography examination for subjects positive for HBsAg. Among 17,966 participants (26.2% of 68,510 eligible residents) who were free of liver cancer at baseline in 2012, we identified 57 incident cases of liver cancer within the first 4 years of follow-up (i.e., 43 among 2,848 HBsAg-positive participants and 14 among 15,118 HBsAg-negative participants), compared with 104 cases identified in non-participants (N = 50,544). A total of 207 participants had the recommended number of ultrasonography examinations (every 6 months) during the screening period. Compared with cases identified from non-participants, the cases arising among participants were more likely to be at early stage and had better survival than those among non-participants. However, we did not observe a reduction in liver cancer-specific mortality rate among participants (relative risk = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.68, 1.58, P = 0.856). Our demonstration screening study does not show a reduction in liver cancer mortality within the first 4 years of follow-up according to current guidance in China, although long-term efficacy remains to be evaluated. Targeted surveillance among high-risk individuals as recommended by international guidelines, along with measures to improve compliance, should be evaluated in the Chinese population.
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| 26. |
- Kidiyoor, GR, et al.
(author)
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ATR is essential for preservation of cell mechanics and nuclear integrity during interstitial migration
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 4828-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ATR responds to mechanical stress at the nuclear envelope and mediates envelope-associated repair of aberrant topological DNA states. By combining microscopy, electron microscopic analysis, biophysical and in vivo models, we report that ATR-defective cells exhibit altered nuclear plasticity and YAP delocalization. When subjected to mechanical stress or undergoing interstitial migration, ATR-defective nuclei collapse accumulating nuclear envelope ruptures and perinuclear cGAS, which indicate loss of nuclear envelope integrity, and aberrant perinuclear chromatin status. ATR-defective cells also are defective in neuronal migration during development and in metastatic dissemination from circulating tumor cells. Our findings indicate that ATR ensures mechanical coupling of the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope and accompanying regulation of envelope-chromosome association. Thus the repertoire of ATR-regulated biological processes extends well beyond its canonical role in triggering biochemical implementation of the DNA damage response.
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| 31. |
- Marks, DI, et al.
(author)
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The effect of smoking on allogeneic transplant outcomes
- 2009
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In: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-6536. ; 15:10, s. 1277-1287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 32. |
- Pan, YX, et al.
(author)
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The apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I Ratio serves as a strong prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 12, s. 1089688-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lipid metabolism status of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been understood comprehensively. The present study investigated the characteristics of lipid metabolism parameters in CRC patients with or without metastases and identified the independent prognostic factors of long-term prognosis.MethodsThe clinicopathological data of 231 CRC patients along with 259 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples with or without liver or lung metastasis were retrieved and stained for apolipoprotein B (apoB) via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in our center. The correlation and multivariable analysis between blood circulating apolipoprotein A-I (apoA1), apoB and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, apoA1, apoB and apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A-I (apoB/A) ratio, were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. Moreover, the apoB/A ratio showed a significantly negative association with OS time (R=-0.187, P=0.004). CRC patients with low apoB/A ratio had better 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates than those who had high apoB/A ratio (87.1%, 54.3%, and 37.1% vs. 92.5%, 72.0%, and 59.5%, respectively, P=0.001). On histological level, similar expression intensity of apoB between primary CRC and liver metastases indicated better prognostic outcomes than those with different expression levels (100%, 83.3%, and 77.8% vs. 100%, 66.7%, and 33.3%, respectively; P=0.033). Higher level of apoB in the primary CRC interprets into increased incidence of liver metastases. However, the apoB expression levels in the CRC tumor were not parallel to the circulating lipid metabolism parameters.ConclusionsThe apoB/A ratio was a reliable independent prognostic factor for predicting the long-term OS of CRC patients. Moreover, the IHC of the primary CRC and metastatic lesions verified the metastatic potential of apoB through a different aspect. Lipid metabolism status for cancer progression reported in the present study possessed potentially prognostic value, but bench-scale studies are needed for their future clinical applications.
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| 35. |
- Sun, ZW, et al.
(author)
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Effects of inhibition of PAF, ICAM-1, and PECAM-1 on gut barrier failure caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 36:1, s. 55-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of cell adhesion molecules and transmigration of PMNs through the endothelial barrier is probably essential in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced gut barrier dysfunction. Although cytokines are released in I/R, it is unclear whether cytokines directly increase permeability or if this phenomenon requires both expression of cell adhesion molecules and PMN adhesion-activation. Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, inducing gut barrier failure, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in gut barrier dysfunction induced by intestinal I/R. METHODS: A PAF antagonist (lexipafant, BB-882) and monoclonal antibodies against rat ICAM-1 (anti-ICAM-1-MAb) and
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| 41. |
- Wang, ZW
(author)
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The melting of Al-bearing perovskite at the core-mantle boundary
- 1999
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In: PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0031-9201. ; 115:3-4, s. 219-228
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We have investigated the melting temperature of Al-bearing perovskites including (Ca,Al)(Al,Si)O-3 and (Mg,Al)(Al,Si)O-3, as well as MgSiO3 and CaSiO3, at high pressure conditions, using empirical melting equation. This study indicates that the incorporat
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| 42. |
- Wang, ZW, et al.
(author)
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The melting of corundum (Al2O3) under high pressure conditions
- 2000
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In: JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388. ; 299:1-2, s. 287-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a simple model to address the melting of corundum (Al2O3). For this simple model, a critical volume representative for the melting point was determined, and by employing the relation between thermal pressure and temperature, the melting
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