| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 855-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive decline is one of the complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising dietary intervention for alleviating T2D symptoms, but its protective effect on diabetes-driven cognitive dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we find that a 28-day IF regimen for diabetic mice improves behavioral impairment via a microbiota-metabolites-brain axis: IF enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism gene expression in hippocampus, re-structures the gut microbiota, and improves microbial metabolites that are related to cognitive function. Moreover, strong connections are observed between IF affected genes, microbiota and metabolites, as assessed by integrative modelling. Removing gut microbiota with antibiotics partly abolishes the neuroprotective effects of IF. Administration of 3-indolepropionic acid, serotonin, short chain fatty acids or tauroursodeoxycholic acid shows a similar effect to IF in terms of improving cognitive function. Together, our study purports the microbiota-metabolites-brain axis as a mechanism that can enable therapeutic strategies against metabolism-implicated cognitive pathophysiologies.
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| 3. |
- Duan, Jinpei, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-Circulant Modulation for Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converters With Inherent Balance Capability
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on power electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 38:7, s. 7958-7963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modular multilevel dc/dc converters (MMDC) have emerged recently for medium-voltage dc applications. Under single-circulant modulation, the submodule (SM) capacitor voltages in MMDC are found to be evenly divided only at some specific modulation coefficients. To obtain the inherent balance capability under all modulation coefficients and expand the application range of circulant modulation, a simple dual-circulant modulation is proposed in this letter. On the basis of single-circulant modulation, the self-balancing of the SM capacitor voltages is realized by using the additional switching patterns generated by a simple circulant permutation method. The theoretical analysis of the proposed method is presented, and the inherent balance capability of MMDC under the dual-circulant modulation method is verified by experiments.
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| 4. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Guanqun, et al.
(författare)
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Predictability of Vehicle Fuel Consumption Using LSTM: Findings from Field Experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Engineering Part A: Systems. - 2473-2893 .- 2473-2907. ; 149:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been well-recognized that driving behaviors significantly impact the fuel consumption of vehicles. To explore how well deep learning methods can predict fuel consumption precisely and efficiently and then guide drivers to go in an energy-saving way, we propose a fuel consumption prediction model, namely FuelNet, based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks in this study. First, we develop the proposed FuelNet model with numerous vehicle kinematics data and corresponding fuel consumption data collected in the test field and real-world scenarios. And we analyze the relationship between the prediction accuracy and different combinations of input variables, training set size, and the sampling interval of the raw data. Second, we conduct intensive field tests to demonstrate the applicability of our model to fuel consumption prediction for different speed conditions and vehicle types. Furthermore, the superior prediction performance of FuelNet is shown by comparing it with five other types of models, such as the physical model, statistical and regression model, conventional neural networks model, and other deep learning models. Finally, we apply it to three real case studies, which verify that FuelNet can precisely predict fuel consumption for different driving trajectories in many scenarios such as signalized intersection (average value of RE is 0.049), campus environments (RE is 0.030), urban roads (RE is 0.077), and highways (RE is 0.097), as well as can contribute to detecting abnormal fuel consumption.
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| 6. |
- Xu, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectory Optimization for a Connected Automated Traffic Stream: Comparison Between an Exact Model and Fast Heuristics
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 22:5, s. 2969-2978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous fast heuristic algorithms, including shooting heuristics (SH), have been developed for real-time trajectory optimization, although their optimality has not yet been quantified. This paper compares the performance between fast heuristics and exact optimization models. We investigate a core trajectory optimization problem as a building block for numerous trajectory optimization problems, i.e., guiding movements of connected automated vehicles on a one-lane highway when the arrival and departure times and velocity are given. To apply the SH algorithm to this problem, we adapt it to a fast-simplified shooting heuristic (FSSH) model to solve the trajectory smoothing problems with different arrival and departure velocities. An exact trajectory optimization (ETO) model is formulated that takes the vehicle position and velocity as the decision variables, and the fuel consumption and driving comfort as the objective function. The constraints of the model are based on the limits and safety of the vehicle dynamics between consecutive vehicles. We demonstrate the convexity of the ETO objective function, ensuring the solvability of the ETO model at the true optimum using gradient descent algorithms supplied by the MATLAB optimization toolbox. Six groups of numerical experiments using different input parameters and one experiment using real Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data are conducted. ETO can improve the objective values by a few to tens of percentage points. However, FSSH achieves a greater solution efficiency with an average solution time of less than 0.1 s compared to similar to 450 s for ETO.
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| 7. |
- Yao, Mingguang, et al.
(författare)
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Raman signature to identify the structural transition of single-wall carbon nanotubes under high pressure
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raman spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with diameters of 0.6–1.3 nm have been studied under high pressure. A “plateau” in the pressure dependence of the G-band frequencies was observed in all experiments, both with and without pressure transmission medium. Near the onset of the G-band plateau, the corresponding radial breathing mode (RBM) lines become very weak. A strong broadening of the full width at half maximum of the RBMs just before the onset of the G-band plateau suggests that a structural transition starts in the SWNTs. Raman spectra from SWNTs released from different pressures also indicate that a significant structural transition occurs during the G-band plateau process. Simulations of the structural changes and the corresponding Raman modes of a nanotube under compression show a behavior similar to the experimental observations. Based on the experimental results and the theoretical simulation, a detailed model is suggested for the structural transition of SWNTs, corresponding to the experimentally obtained Raman results in the high-pressure domain.
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| 8. |
- Zhao, Xiangmo, et al.
(författare)
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Field experiments on longitudinal characteristics of human driver behavior following an autonomous vehicle
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 114, s. 205-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although mixed traffic, including both autonomous vehicles (AV) and human-driven vehicles (HV), is expected to prevail in the foreseeable future, our current understanding of the longitudinal characteristics of mixed traffic is limited and, in particular, lacks evidence from field experiments. To bridge this gap, we designed and conducted a set of field experiments to reveal differences in car-following behaviors between a human driver following-AV and following-HV on both constant speed traffic characteristics with discrete speeds ({10,20,…,60}km/h) and dynamic car-following behaviors with continuous speeds (within 0–60 km/h) in both the indifferentiable and differentiable appearance settings of the AV. We recruited 10 drivers for the experiment (14 runs for each driver and collected position and speed data of the tested vehicles along their complete trajectories based on vehicle gaps, headways, and standard deviations of vehicle speed. A K-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify drivers based on their responses in following-AV vs. following-HV with both constant speed and dynamic speed characteristics. The analyses of the differentiable appearance setting show that different drivers exhibit different behaviors in following-AV vs. following-HV: some are AV-believers, some are AV-skeptics, and the others are insensitive. Yet in the indifferentiable appearance setting, there is no significant difference between following a lead AV and following a lead HV. This reveals that drivers’ response to the lead vehicle depends on their subjective trusts on AV technologies rather than the actual driving behavior. The results suggest that, depending on the characteristics and composition of the drivers, classic car-following behavior in pure HV traffic may need to be updated for modeling mixed traffic in the near future.
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| 9. |
- Allardyce, Benjamin J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative acoustic performance and mechanical properties of silk membranes for the repair of chronic tympanic membrane perforations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 64, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acoustic and mechanical properties of silk membranes of different thicknesses were tested to determine their suitability as a repair material for tympanic membrane perforations. Membranes of different thickness (10-100 mu m) were tested to determine their frequency response and their resistance to pressure loads in a simulated ear canal model. Their mechanical rigidity to pressure loads was confirmed by tensile testing. These membranes were tested alongside animal cartilage, currently the strongest available myringoplasty graft as well as paper, which is commonly used for simpler procedures. Silk membranes showed resonant frequencies within the human hearing range and a higher vibrational amplitude than cartilage, suggesting that silk may offer good acoustic energy transfer characteristics. Silk membranes were also highly resistant to simulated pressure changes in the middle ear, suggesting they can resist retraction, a common cause of graft failure resulting from chronic negative pressures in the middle ear. Part of this strength can be explained by the substantially higher modulus of silk films compared with cartilage. This allows for the production of films that are much thinner than cartilage, with superior acoustic properties, but that still provide the same level of mechanical support as thicker cartilage. Together, these in vitro results suggest that silk membranes may provide good hearing outcomes while offering similar levels of mechanical support to the reconstructed middle ear.
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| 10. |
- Borthakur, Dulal, et al.
(författare)
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Current status and trends in forest genomics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forestry Research. - : Maximum Academic Press. - 2767-3812. ; 2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are not only the most predominant of the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, but are also the core supply for essential products for human use. However, global climate change and ongoing population explosion severely threatens the health of the forest ecosystem and aggravtes the deforestation and forest degradation. Forest genomics has great potential of increasing forest productivity and adaptation to the changing climate. In the last two decades, the field of forest genomics has advanced quickly owing to the advent of multiple high-throughput sequencing technologies, single cell RNA-seq, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated genome editing, and spatial transcriptomes, as well as bioinformatics analysis technologies, which have led to the generation of multidimensional, multilayered, and spatiotemporal gene expression data. These technologies, together with basic technologies routinely used in plant biotechnology, enable us to tackle many important or unique issues in forest biology, and provide a panoramic view and an integrative elucidation of molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying phenotypic changes and variations. In this review, we recapitulated the advancement and current status of 12 research branches of forest genomics, and then provided future research directions and focuses for each area. Evidently, a shift from simple biotechnology-based research to advanced and integrative genomics research, and a setup for investigation and interpretation of many spatiotemporal development and differentiation issues in forest genomics have just begun to emerge.
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| 11. |
- Chen, Huihui, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular, behavioral, and growth responses of juvenile yellow catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco ) exposed to carbamazepine
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Due to its persistence and low removal rate in wastewater treatment plants, it is frequently detected in the environment, raising concerns regarding its potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of CBZ on the behavior and growth of juvenile yellow catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco , a native and economically important species in China. Fish were exposed to CBZ at three concentrations of 1, 10, or 100 mu g/L for 14 days. The fish exposed to 10 and 100 mu g/L of CBZ exhibited decreased feeding, and a significant increase in cannibalistic tendencies was observed in fish exposed to 100 mu g/L CBZ. Acetylcholinesterase activity was increased in the brain of fish exposed to 100 mu g/L CBZ. CBZ also inhibited the growth of yellow catfish. To better elucidate mechanisms of toxicity, transcriptomics was conducted in both the brain and liver. In the brain, gene networks associated with neurotransmitter dysfunction were altered by CBZ, as well as networks associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolism. In the liver, gene networks associated with the immune system were altered by CBZ. The current study improves comprehension of the sub-lethal effects of CBZ and reveals novel insight into molecular and biochemical pathways disrupted by CBZ, identifying putative key events associated with reduced growth and altered behavior. This study emphasizes the necessity for improved comprehension of the effects of pharmaceutical contaminants on fish at environmentally relevant levels.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Peilin, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of a silver nanoparticle-coated collagen membrane with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities for guided bone regeneration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biomedical materials. - 1748-6041. ; 13:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alveolar bone loss is a common problem that affects dental implant placement. A barrier between the bone substitute and gingiva that can prevent fibro-tissue ingrowth, bacterial infection and induce bone formation is a key factor in improving the success of alveolar ridge reconstruction. This study aims to develop a bioactive collagen barrier material for guided bone regeneration, that is coupled with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. We have evaluated two silver coating methods and found controllable and precise coating achieved by sonication compared with sputtering. The optimized AgNP-coated collagen membrane exhibited excellent anti-bacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) with limited cellular toxicity. It also displayed effective anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Additionally, AgNP-coated collagen membranes were able to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells that guide bone regeneration. These findings demonstrate the potential application of AgNP-coated collagen membranes to prevent infection after bone graft introduction in alveolar ridge reconstruction.
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| 13. |
- Fang, Shan, et al.
(författare)
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A Dynamic Transformation Car-Following Model for the Prediction of the Traffic Flow Oscillation
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine. - 1939-1390 .- 1941-1197. ; 16:1, s. 174-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Car-following (CF) behavior is a fundamental of traffic flow modeling; it can be used for the virtual testing of connected and automated vehicles and the simulation of various types of traffic flow, such as free flow and traffic oscillation. Although existing CF models can replicate the free flow well, they are incapable of simulating complicated traffic oscillation, and it is difficult to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency. This article investigates the error variation when the traffic oscillation is simulated by the intelligent driver model (IDM). Then, it divides the traffic oscillation into four phases (coasting, deceleration, acceleration, and stationary) by using the space headway of multiple steps. To simulate traffic oscillation between multiple human-driven vehicles, a dynamic transformation CF model is proposed, which includes the long-time prediction submodel [modified sequence-to-sequence (Seq2seq)] model, short-time prediction submodel (Transformer), and their dynamic transformation strategy]. The first submodel is utilized to simulate the coasting and stationary phases, while the second submodel is utilized to simulate the acceleration and deceleration phases. The results of experiments indicated that compared to K-nearest neighbors, IDM, and Seq2seq CF models, the dynamic transformation CF model reduces the trajectory error by 60.79–66.69% in microscopic traffic flow simulations, 7.71–29.91% in mesoscopic traffic flow simulations, and 1.59–18.26% in macroscopic traffic flow simulations. Moreover, the runtime of the dynamic transformation CF model (Inference) decreased by 14.43–66.17% when simulating the large-scale traffic flow.
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| 14. |
- Ge, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing light into the dark triplet space of molecular systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 17:19, s. 13129-13136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A molecule or a molecular system always consists of excited states of different spin multiplicities. With conventional optical excitations, only the (bright) states with the same spin multiplicity of the ground state could be directly reached. How to reveal the dynamics of excited (dark) states remains the grand challenge in the topical fields of photochemistry, photophysics, and photobiology. For a singlet-triplet coupled molecular system, the (bright) singlet dynamics can be routinely examined by conventional femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. However, owing to the involvement of intrinsically fast decay channels such as intramolecular vibrational redistribution and internal conversion, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to single out the (dark) triplet dynamics. Herein, we develop a novel strategy that uses an ultrafast broadband white-light continuum as a excitation light source to enhance the probability of intersystem crossing, thus facilitating the population flow from the singlet space to the triplet space. With a set of femtosecond time-reversed pump-probe experiments, we report on a proof-of-concept molecular system (i.e., the malachite green molecule) that the pure triplet dynamics can be mapped out in real time through monitoring the modulated emission that occurs solely in the triplet space. Significant differences in excited-state dynamics between the singlet and triplet spaces have been observed. This newly developed approach may provide a useful tool for examining the elusive dark-state dynamics of molecular systems and also for exploring the mechanisms underlying molecular luminescence/photonics and solar light harvesting.
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| 15. |
- Hu, Wenping, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing conjugated polymers into nanometer-scale devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pure and Applied Chemistry. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0033-4545 .- 1365-3075. ; 78:10, s. 1803-1822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we review the possibility of combining conjugated polymers with nanometer-scale devices (nanodevices), in order to introduce the properties associated with conjugated polymers into such nanodevices. This approach envisages combining the highly topical disciplines of polymer electronics and nanoelectronics to engender a new subdirection of polymer nanoelectronics, which can serve as a tool to probe the behavior of polymer molecules at the nanometer/molecular level, and contribute to clarifying transport mechanisms in conjugated polymers. In this study, we exemplify this combination, using a family of linear and conjugated polymers, poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)s (PPEs) with thiolacetate-functionalized end groups.
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| 16. |
- Hu, Ya, et al.
(författare)
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Autogenic electrolysis of water powered by solar and mechanical energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dual-bandgap photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell with two semiconductors stacked in tandem is a widely adopted concept to capture a large fraction of the solar spectrum for water splitting. While two photons are theoretically needed to produce one H2 molecule using single-bandgap PEC cells, four photons are generally required for one H2 molecule in the dual-bandgap cells because of an unavoidable charge recombination at the solid-solid interface. Here, triboelectric effects are exploited in the form of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to allow for the generation of one H2 molecule at the expenses of two photons in a dual-bandgap device using an array of core/shell p-type silicon/anatase-TiO2 nanowires as photoelectrode. The TENG, that converts mechanical energy to electricity, efficiently suppresses the charge recombination at the interface and significantly increases the energy of the photo-generated carriers required for the simultaneous water reduction and oxidation. The synergy of photoexcitation and triboelectrics results in a rate of hydrogen production in a neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte around 150 times higher than that of the counterpart, i.e., the device in the absence of TENG. Furthermore, the TENG-induced enhancement in the PEC water splitting remains substantial even when the solar power density is reduced to 20 mW/cm2.
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| 17. |
- Jiang, Jiajun, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroprinted Liquid-Alloy-Based Morphing Electronics for Fast-Growing/Tender Plants : From Physiology Monitoring to Habit Manipulation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 16:39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring physiological signals and manipulating growth habits of living plants in real time are important for botany research, biohybrid plant robots, and precision agriculture. Although emerging epidermal electronics that can conveniently acquire vital signals of living organisms exhibit a high potential for such scenarios, it is a significant challenge to adapt such devices for plants, because they are fragile and usually have complex surfaces that can change significantly during rapid growth. A gentle fabrication process is critical in order to employ compliant electronic systems to adapt to this highly dynamic situation. In this study, a hydroprinted liquid-alloy-based morphing electronics (LAME) process is employed for fast-growing plants that will sense physiological signals and even function as a biohybrid to determine plant behavior on demand. Besides various surfaces of inorganic targeting substrates, pinning liquid alloy circuits onto the complex plant epidermis is enhanced by introducing high-surface-energy liquid. Functionally, the new developed LAME can be used to monitor leaf moisture content and length, and manipulate leaf and bean sprout orientation. This study lays the foundation for a new form of morphing electronics for botany or biohybrid plant robots, potentially impacting the next generation of precision agriculture and smart hybrid robots.
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| 18. |
- Li, Shaowen, et al.
(författare)
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A Multiscale, Dynamic Elucidation of Li Solubility in the Alloy and Metallic Plating Process
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Li-containing alloys and metallic deposits offer substantial Li+ storage capacities as alternative anodes to commercial graphite. However, the thermodynamically in sequence, yet kinetically competitive mechanism between Li solubility in the solid solution and intermediate alloy-induced Li deposition remains debated, particularly across the multiple scales. The elucidation of the mechanism is rather challenging due to the dynamic alloy evolution upon the non-equilibrium, transient lithiation processes under coupled physical fields. Here, influential factors governing Li solubility in the Li-Zn alloy are comprehensively investigated as a demonstrative model, spanning from the bulk electrolyte solution to the ion diffusion within the electrode. Through real-time phase tracking and spatial distribution analysis of intermediate alloy/Li metallic species at varied temperatures, current densities and particle sizes, the driving force of Li solubility and metallic plating along the Li migration pathway are probed in-depth. This study investigates the correlation between kinetics (pronounced concentration polarization, miscibility gap in lattice grains) and rate-limiting interfacial charge transfer thermodynamics in dedicating the Li diffusion into the solid solution. Additionally, the lithiophilic alloy sites with the balanced diffusion barrier and Li adsorption energy are explored to favor the homogeneous metal plating, which provides new insights for the rational innovation of high-capacity alloy/metallic anodes.
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| 19. |
- Lu, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing strategy research in the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain considering service
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of developing a new era, the pharmaceutical supply chain market has gradually transformed from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market. The closer the consumers are, the greater the market pricing power, so the pharmaceutical market power of manufacturers and retailers has also changed. This study considers the effect of service on the pricing strategy of the pharmaceutical platform supply chain. The study aimed to coordinate optimization, and the coordination strategy of the pharmaceutical platform supply chain of complementary products is discussed mainly by researching the price and service factors. Various situations are studied by hypothesis and model solving. This study uses Stackelberg game decision-making. Manufacturers are at the forefront of platform supply chain decisions. The research found that the price was lower under centralized decision-making than under decentralized decision-making. Coordination between price and service levels needs attention in the pharmaceutical platform supply chain of complementary products, and the service level should be controlled within a certain range. Only by improving the service level can enterprises maximize profits, providing a theoretical basis for pharmaceutical supply chain pricing strategy research. Supply chain members must strive to improve service levels to improve medical supply consumers’ (patients) psychological satisfaction level. Service levels do not fully mitigate channel conflict. Therefore, pharmaceutical complements have become a way to alleviate the conflicts in the pharmaceutical platform supply chain.
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| 20. |
- Qiu, Minghui, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of Feshbach Resonances in the F + H2 → HF + H Reaction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 311:5766, s. 1440-1443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction resonances, or transiently stabilized transition-state structures, have proven highly challenging to capture experimentally. Here, we used the highly sensitive H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method to conduct a crossed molecular beam scattering study of the F + H2 → HF + H reaction with full quantum-state resolution. Pronounced forward-scattered HF products in the v′ = 2 vibrational state were clearly observed at a collision energy of 0.52 kcal/mol; this was attributed to both the ground and the first excited Feshbach resonances trapped in the peculiar HF(v′ = 3)-H′ vibrationally adiabatic potential, with substantial enhancement by constructive interference between the two resonances.
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| 21. |
- Qiu, Yizhi, et al.
(författare)
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Proximity to oilseed rape fields affects plant pollination and pollinator-mediated selection on a co-flowering plant on the Tibetan Plateau
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : Wiley. - 1752-4571. ; 16:4, s. 814-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecological effects of mass-flowering crops on pollinator abundance and species richness of neighbouring habitats are well established, yet the potential evolutionary consequences remain unclear. We studied effects of proximity to a mass-flowering crop on the pollination of local co-flowering plants and on patterns of natural selection on a pollination-generalised plant on the Tibetan Plateau. We recorded pollinator visitation rates and community composition at different distances (near vs. far) to oilseed rape (Brassica napus) fields in two habitat types and quantified pollinator-mediated selection on attractive traits of Trollius ranunculoides. The proximity to oilseed rape increased pollinator visitation in neighbouring alpine meadows and changed pollinator composition in neighbouring shrub meadows. Trollius ranunculoides in the alpine meadow near oilseed rape received three times more pollinator visits (mainly bees) and consequently had a 16.5% increase in seed set but also received slightly more heterospecific pollen per stigma. In contrast, pollinator visitation to T. ranunculoides in the shrub meadow near oilseed rape was three times lower (mainly flies), leading to a 10.7% lower seed despite no effect on pollen deposition. The proximity to the oilseed rape field intensified pollinator-mediated selection on flower size and weakened selection on flower height of T. ranunculoides in the alpine meadow but did not affect phenotypic selection on either trait in the shrub meadow. Our study highlights context-dependent variation in plant–pollinator interactions close to mass-flowering oilseed rape, suggesting potential effects on the evolution of flower traits of native plants through altered pollinator-mediated selection. However, context dependence may make these effects difficult to predict.
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| 22. |
- Tian, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical study of heat transfer in gravity-driven dense particle flow around a hexagonal tube
- 2020
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910. ; 367, s. 285-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, the heat transfer of gravity-driven dense particle flow around a hexagonal tube is numerically studied. The velocity vector, time-averaged particle contacting number, particle contacting time and heat transfer coefficient of particle flow are carfully analyzed. Furthermore, the heat transfer performances of particle flow around a hexagonal tube, circular tube and elliptical tube are also compared. The results show that, the effect of top angle (Θ) on the particle flow around a hexagonal tube is noticeable. When Θ decreases from 120° to 60° (vout = 2 mm/s), the averaged heat transfer coefficient of particle flow would increase by 29.7%. The heat transfer performances of particle flow around different shape tubes are quite different. When Θ equals 60° (vout = 2 mm/s), as compared with circular tube, the averaged heat transfer coefficient of particle flow around an elliptical tube and a hexagonal tube increases by 17.2% and 20.5%, respectively.
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| 23. |
- Tian, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical study of heat transfer in gravity-driven particle flow around tubes with different shapes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, the heat transfer of gravity-driven dense particle flow around five different shapes of tubes is numerically studied using discrete element method (DEM). The velocity vector, particle contact number, particle contact time and heat transfer coefficient of particle flow at different particle zones around the tube are carefully analyzed. The results show that the effect of tube shape on the particle flow at both upstream and downstream regions of different tubes are remarkable. A particle stagnation zone and particle cavity zone are formed at the upstream and downstream regions of all the tubes. Both the stagnation and cavity zones for the circular tube are the largest, and they are the smallest for the elliptical tube. As the particle outlet velocity (vout) changes from 0.5 mm/s to 8 mm/s at dp = 1.72 mm/s, when compared with the circular tube, the heat transfer coefficient of particle flow for the elliptical tube and flat elliptical tube can increase by 20.3% and 15.0% on average, respectively. The proper design of the downstream shape of the tube can improve the overall heat transfer performance more efficiently. The heat transfer coefficient will increase as particle diameter decreases.
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| 24. |
- Wang, Bei, et al.
(författare)
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High-Performance Liquid Alloy Patterning of Epidermal Strain Sensors for Local Fine Skin Movement Monitoring
- 2019
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Ingår i: SOFT ROBOTICS. - : MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. - 2169-5172 .- 2169-5180. ; 6:3, s. 414-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, stretchable/epidermal electronics based on liquid alloys has attracted more and more attention, and various processing techniques have subsequently been developed to demonstrate diverse applications never seen before. However, to fully exploit its potential advantages, epidermal electronics is still searching for a technique meeting all demands on resolution, pattern complexity, and operational flexibility. In this study, we propose a technique that allows for complex and high-density patterns on thin stretchable substrates by combining ultraviolet laser patterning of a modified water-soluble mask, atomized spray deposition of liquid alloys on a flexible temporary substrate, lift-off by water dissolving, and finally, component integration and encapsulation. With this new technique, it was possible to make epidermal precision strain sensors with liquid alloy patterns of high density, which were capable of monitoring fine local skin movements such as the detailed process of wrinkle formation as well as the overall motion of the body part. In addition, this process is highly efficient and well controllable, with high potential for possible industrial automation and massive production.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Bei, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid Metal Microscale Deposition enabled High Resolution and Density Epidermal Microheater for Localized Ectopic Expression in Drosophila
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Technologies. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2365-709X. ; 7:3, s. 2100903-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Localized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells in fruit flies provides a convenient model for studying human intestinal diseases, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, that need urgent attention. Due to its noninvasive feature, thermal activating ectopic expression is an excellent option, but it demands local heating of the tiny and delicate live flies’ abdomen (≈1 × 1 mm2) without blocking their breath, instead of global heating of the whole body. This work proposes a thin, high-resolution, and density liquid metal (LM) microheater with gas permeability and sufficient compliance to provide homogenous local heating to the fly's tiny abdomen. A depositing technique is developed that can make microscale thin (5 µm), smooth (Sa = 0.8 µm), gas permeable LM film for such microheater by introducing LM micrometer/sub-micrometer particles. Collision induced LM particle merging and hence sintering is proposed to solve low conductivity due to their particular shells of micrometer/sub-micrometer particles. The deposition can conformally print on the wavy or rough surface due to the fine particle size. With a shadow mask, this microscale deposition can enable high yield and reproducible thin LM patterning with high resolution, density, and precision simultaneously. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that epidermal patches can compliantly attach onto the wrinkle skin and fingerprint. Finally, by applying such a microheater on the fly abdomen, localized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells is successfully demonstrated.
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| 26. |
- Wang, Bei
(författare)
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Liquid metal microscale deposition for soft and stretchable skin-like electronics : Providing a soft and gentle contact to living beings
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skin-like electronics could provide a soft and gentle contact with living beings for perceiving and delivering the information of pressure, strain, temperature with higher spatial resolution and sensitivity than our skin, without disturbing the user. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is an excellent material for soft and stretchable skin-like devices, since it has high electrical and thermal conductivity, flowability, and self-healable capability. However, the LM patterning technique is not well developed and has challenges due to its high surface tension. This thesis presents several methods to advance LM patterning capability, targeting thin, homogenous, high-resolution, and high-density skin-like electronics. Especially, masked deposition is a versatile technique in microsystem fabrication but has been limited by the masking and deposition. Firstly, a mask material that is well suited for lift-off processing at high resolution has been sought for. In this thesis, we introduced the use of a water dissolvable sacrificial thin polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film for LM masked deposition. The dyed PVA film could be cut by laser and the fabricated mask had a resolution down to 20 µm in width. Secondly, our previously demonstrated LM atomization has a large variation of the droplets size generated by the airbrush, which severely hinder the depositing uniformity at microscale. Sonication produced LM particles has a narrow size distribution, but the particles are insulating. We proposed a simple and effective technique to merge these particles by precise spraying, depositing a LM layer that is microscale thin (5 µm), smooth (area roughness, Sa=0.8 µm), and gas permeable. More importantly, it has conductivity similar to pure LM. With this technique, a skin-like high resolution sensor was fabricated, which is able to monitor the local wrinkle skin movement. Moreover, a high-resolution skin-like micro-heater was made and placed on the fragile and oval abdomen of Drosophila for localized ectopic genetic expression in its gut. In addition, printing LM based skin-like electronics on a 3D surface is also challenging. Hence, we developed two complementary techniques that could gently and conformally transfer a planar pattern to a 3-D surface: A PDMS-based flexible stamp that could transfer a 2-D pattern to a 3-D surface and hydro printing with PVA film as a medium. Using hydro printing, the circuit that was transferred on delicate plants could monitor their physiological information and control their growth.
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| 27. |
- Wang, Bei, et al.
(författare)
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Sandwiched Polyethylene Shrink Film Masking with Tunable Resolution and Shape for Liquid Alloy Patterning
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2637-6105. ; 1:2, s. 145-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among numerous patterning techniques, masked liquid alloy printing is one of the most promising techniques for scalable fabrication of liquid-alloy-based stretchable electronics. Like any other mask-based process, its resolution is often constrained by the quality of the mask, and the fabrication cost increases drastically with increased resolution. In this work, by introducing a sandwiched thermal shrink polymer film masking technique and a corresponding intermediate release agent, fine liquid alloy patterns were demonstrated by using a mechanical cutting plotter together with a common oven. The final resolution and shape of the mask could be tuned based on the anisotropy of the shrink polymer film and other operational parameters of the technique. After shrinkage, the width of the patterned liquid alloy lines and space in-between could be tuned to less than one third of the original cut pattern, to about 35 and 60 mu m, respectively, according to requirements. To better predict the final structure, several parameters were investigated experimentally and numerically. Finally, a liquid alloy strain sensor and three-dimensional conformal masking were demonstrated, showing the potential of the developed technique.
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| 28. |
- Wang, Guanqun, et al.
(författare)
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FuelNet: A precise fuel consumption prediction model using long short-term memory deep network for eco-driving
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Proceedings. - 2004-2965. ; 10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been well recognized that driving behaviors significantly impact fuel consumption of vehicles. In this paper, we propose a FuelNet model based on Long Short-term Memory Neural Network (LSTM NN), which can predict vehicle fuel consumption in a very accurate manner. First, we take the kinetic vehicle parameters and the corresponding fuel consumption parameters to build the FuelNet model, and analyze the correlations between the prediction accuracy and different combinations of input parameters. In addition, our model exhibits the superior capability for fuel consumption prediction (FCP) at different speed, and the comparison with different deep learning models as well as other physics model and data-driven methods suggests that FuelNet can achieve the best prediction performance in terms of both accuracy and stability. Finally, the application of FCP in distinct driving trajectories and abnormal fuel consumption detection performs well, which demonstrates the FuelNet also can provide guidance for eco-driving strategies.
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| 29. |
- Wang, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased Splenic CD4(+) T-Lymphocytes in Apolipoprotein M Gene Deficient Mice
- 2015
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spleen T-lymphocytes, especially CD4(+) T-cells, have been demonstrated to be involved in broad immunomodulation and host-defense activity in vivo. Apolipoprotein M gene (apoM) may have an important role in the regulation of immunoprocess and inflammation, which could be hypothesized to the apoM containing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In the present study we demonstrate that the splenic CD4(+) T-lymphocytes were obviously decreased in the apoM gene deficient (apoM(-/-)) mice compared to the wild type (apoM(+/+)). Moreover, these mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it was found that even more pronounced decreasing CD4(+) T-lymphocytes occurred in the spleen compared to the apoM(+/+) mice. The similar phenomena were found in the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. After administration of LPS, the hepatic mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were markedly increased; however, there were no statistical differences observed between apoM(+/+) mice and apoM(-/-) mice. The present study demonstrated that apoM might facilitate the maintenance of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes or could modify the T-lymphocytes subgroups in murine spleen, which may further explore the importance of apoM in the regulation of the host immunomodulation, although the detailed mechanism needs continuing investigation.
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| 30. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and field experiments on autonomous vehicle lane changing with surrounding human-driven vehicles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Wiley. - 1093-9687 .- 1467-8667. ; 36:7, s. 877-889
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is widely studied in both industrial and academic communities since it is regarded as a promising means for improving transportation safety and efficiency. Lane changing is a critical link for higher-level AV operations. However, few studies on AV lane changing consider the dynamics of surrounding vehicles, particularly in a mixed traffic environment including human-driven vehicles (HVs). Therefore, this article presents a dynamic lane-changing model for AV incorporating human driver behavior in mixed traffic. The proposed model includes four key components: car following (and lane keeping), lane-changing decision, dynamic trajectory generation, and model predictive control (MPC)-based trajectory tracking. AV longitudinal control algorithm is also depicted in detail in this article. Field experiments are conducted on a large-scale test track to test and validate the proposed model. An AV and three HVs are used in the lane-changing experiments. Different human driver behaviors are considered in the experiment settings. Experimental results show that the proposed lane-changing model can complete lane-changing maneuvers efficiently when HVs are cooperative and can also robustly abort them when HVs are uncooperative. Compared with the measured human lane-changing maneuvers, AV lane-changing maneuvers from the proposed model are more comfortable and safer.
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| 31. |
- Wang, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model-based exploration of alternative ustekinumab dosage regimens for patients with Crohn's disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 88:1, s. 323-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: In the UNITI endoscopy sub-study, only 17.4% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) on ustekinumab achieved endoscopic response and 10.9% of patients achieved endoscopic remission at week (w)44. We aimed to evaluate the impact of alternative ustekinumab dosage regimens on endoscopic outcomes based on population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (popPK-PD) modelling and simulation analysis.Methods: Real-world data were obtained from 83 patients with moderate-to-severe CD (95% biological-refractory) enrolled in a prospective cohort study receiving intravenous ustekinumab (similar to 6 mg/kg) followed by every eight-week (q8w) subcutaneous maintenance therapy (90 mg). Three sequential models were developed: a two-compartment popPK model linking ustekinumab dose to ustekinumab exposure, an indirect response popPK-PD model describing the effect of ustekinumab exposure on fecal calprotectin (fCal), and a logistic regression outcome model linking fCal to endoscopic outcomes.Results: Ustekinumab clearance increased with decreasing serum albumin and increasing bodyweight. fCal decreased with increasing ustekinumab exposure. The probability of endoscopic response at w24 increased from 10.0% to 17.9% with fCal at w8 decreasing from 1800 mu g/g to 694 mu g/g (EC50). The probability of endoscopic remission at w24 increased from 2.1% to 10.0% with fCal at w8 decreasing from 1800 mu g/g to 214 mu g/g (EC50). Simulation-based comparison of q8w and q4w maintenance dosing regimens predicted 16.7% and 22.2% endoscopic response rates, respectively. Endoscopic remission rates were estimated to be 4.2% on q8w dosing and 6.7% on q4w dosing.Conclusions: The developed models can guide clinical trial design and support model-informed dose optimization (stratified or individualized dosing) to improve endoscopic outcomes.
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| 32. |
- Wang, Zhigang, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents : lessons learned and remaining issues
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current opinion in pharmacology (Print). - OXFORD ENGLAND : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4892 .- 1471-4973. ; 55, s. 53-59
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNFs) has received extensive attention due to its potential for improving treatment outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the benefits of applying TDM in clinical practice remain largely unclear due to a lack of evidence from the available prospective randomized controlled studies. The questionable evidence for TDM obtained in these studies can be caused by several design suboptimalities, including long turnaround times of sample analysis, use of inappropriate exposure targets, insufficiently precise algorithms for dose optimization, and inapt trial designs. In future studies, model-informed precision dosing in combination with rapid testing methods is recommended to maximize the potential of TDM of anti-TNFs.
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| 33. |
- Wei, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:32, s. 12911-12915
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise. Simulations with two earth-system models (NCAR/CESM and BNU-ESM) demonstrate that developed countries had contributed about 60-80%, developing countries about 20-40%, to the global temperature rise, upper ocean warming, and sea-ice reduction by 2005. Enacting pledges made at Cancun with continuation to 2100 leads to a reduction in global temperature rise relative to business as usual with a 1/3-2/3 (CESM 33-67%, BNU-ESM 35-65%) contribution from developed and developing countries, respectively. To prevent a temperature rise by 2 degrees C or more in 2100, it is necessary to fill the gap with more ambitious mitigation efforts.
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| 34. |
- Yang, Yuying, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Induced Redox Looping of a Rhodium/CexWO3 Photocatalyst for Highly Active and Robust Dry Reforming of Methane
- 2022
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 61:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has provided an effective avenue to convert two greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO2, into syngas. Here, we design a DRM photocatalyst Rh/CexWO3 that invokes both photothermal and photoelectric processes, which overcomes the thermodynamic limitation of DRM under conventional conditions. In contrast to plasmonic or UV-response photocatalysts, our photocatalyst produces a superior light-to-chemical energy efficiency (LTCEE) of 4.65 % with a moderate light intensity. We propose that a light-induced metal-to-metal charge transfer plays a crucial role in the DRM reaction, which induces a redox looping between Ce to W species to lower the activation energy. Quantum mechanical studies reveal that a high oxygen mobility of CexWO3, accompanied with the formation of oxo-bridge species, results in a substantial elimination of deposited C species during the reaction. Our catalyst design strategy could offer a promising energy-efficient industrial process for DRM.
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| 35. |
- Yeh, Yu-Te, et al.
(författare)
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Restoration of PITPNA in Type 2 diabetic human islets reverses pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defects in insulin processing and granule maturation are linked to pancreatic beta-cell failure during type 2 diabetes (T2D). Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha (PITPNA) stimulates activity of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-OH kinase to produce sufficient PtdIns-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) in the trans-Golgi network to promote insulin granule maturation. PITPNA in beta-cells of T2D human subjects is markedly reduced suggesting its depletion accompanies beta-cell dysfunction. Conditional deletion of Pitpna in the beta-cells of Ins-Cre, Pitpnaflox/flox mice leads to hyperglycemia resulting from decreasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and reducing pancreatic beta-cell mass. Furthermore, PITPNA silencing in human islets confirms its role in PtdIns-4-P synthesis and leads to impaired insulin granule maturation and docking, GSIS, and proinsulin processing with evidence of ER stress. Restoration of PITPNA in islets of T2D human subjects reverses these beta-cell defects and identify PITPNA as a critical target linked to beta-cell failure in T2D.
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| 36. |
- Zhai, Chunguang, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular insertion regulates the donor-acceptor interactions in cocrystals for the design of piezochromic luminescent materials
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing a universal strategy to design piezochromic luminescent materials with desirable properties remains challenging. Here, we report that insertion of a non-emissive molecule into a donor (perylene) and acceptor (1,2,4,5-tetracyanobezene) binary cocrystal can realize fine manipulation of intermolecular interactions between perylene and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobezene (TCNB) for desirable piezochromic luminescent properties. A continuous pressure-induced emission enhancement up to 3 GPa and a blue shift from 655 to 619 nm have been observed in perylene-TCNB cocrystals upon THF insertion, in contrast to the red-shifted and quenched emission observed when compressing perylene-TCNB cocrystals and other cocrystals reported earlier. By combining experiment with theory, it is further revealed that the inserted non-emissive THF forms blue-shifting hydrogen bonds with neighboring TCNB molecules and promote a conformation change of perylene molecules upon compression, causing the blue-shifted and enhanced emission. This strategy remains valid when inserting other molecules as non-emissive component into perylene-TCNB cocrystals for abnormal piezochromic luminescent behaviors.
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| 37. |
- Zhang, Qun, et al.
(författare)
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The Realistic Domain Structure of As-Synthesized Graphene Oxide from Ultrafast Spectroscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 135:33, s. 12468-12474
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene oxide (GO) is an attractive alternative for large-scale production of graphene, but its general structure is still under debate due to its complicated nonstoichiometric nature. Here we perform a set of femto-second pump-probe experiments on as-synthesized GO to extrapolate structural information in situ. Remarkably, it is observed that, in these highly oxidized GO samples, the ultrafast graphene-like dynamics intrinsic to pristine graphene is completely dominant over a wide energy region and can be modified by the localized impurity states and the electron-phonon coupling under certain conditions. These observations, combined with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and control experiments, lead to an important conclusion that GO consists of two types of domain, namely the carbon-rich graphene-like domain and the oxygen-rich domain. This study creates a new understanding of the realistic domain structure and properties of as-synthesized GO, offering useful guidance for future applications based on chemically modified/functionalized graphenes.
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| 38. |
- Zhang, Shuo, et al.
(författare)
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High-Fidelity Conformal Printing of 3D Liquid Alloy Circuits for Soft Electronics
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:7, s. 7148-7156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to the great deformability from fluid, liquid alloy-based soft electronics has inherent advantages over rigid-based ones for applications such as stretchable intelligence or soft robotics, where high fidelity of three-dimensional (3D) conformability or dynamic morphology is required. However, current fabrications heavily rely on planar techniques, which severely limit their great potential in such attracting applications. By tuning the wettability of liquid alloy on a soft substrate through a selective surface morphology modification, we present a flexography printing technique of liquid alloy circuits on both planar (from diverse materials) and 3D complex surfaces and investigate the tuning mechanism and the relation between liquid alloy wettability and surface morphology modification. In a demonstration, high-fidelity printing of liquid alloy circuits can be deployed not only on the outline but also on small pits of strawberry surface, and the circuits work well in a dynamic deformation. Furthermore, being compatible with current industry process, our technique can be highly potential for future mass manufacturing of liquid alloy-based soft electronics.
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| 39. |
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