| 1. |
- Demichev, Vadim, et al.
(författare)
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A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 12:8, s. 780-794.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Artaxo, Paulo, et al.
(författare)
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Tropical and Boreal Forest – Atmosphere Interactions : A Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 74:1, s. 24-163
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review presents how the boreal and the tropical forests affect the atmosphere, its chemical composition, its function, and further how that affects the climate and, in return, the ecosystems through feedback processes. Observations from key tower sites standing out due to their long-term comprehensive observations: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory in Central Amazonia, the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in Siberia, and the Station to Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations at Hyytiäla in Finland. The review is complemented by short-term observations from networks and large experiments.The review discusses atmospheric chemistry observations, aerosol formation and processing, physiochemical aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei properties and finds surprising similarities and important differences in the two ecosystems. The aerosol concentrations and chemistry are similar, particularly concerning the main chemical components, both dominated by an organic fraction, while the boreal ecosystem has generally higher concentrations of inorganics, due to higher influence of long-range transported air pollution. The emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are dominated by isoprene and monoterpene in the tropical and boreal regions, respectively, being the main precursors of the organic aerosol fraction.Observations and modeling studies show that climate change and deforestation affect the ecosystems such that the carbon and hydrological cycles in Amazonia are changing to carbon neutrality and affect precipitation downwind. In Africa, the tropical forests are so far maintaining their carbon sink.It is urgent to better understand the interaction between these major ecosystems, the atmosphere, and climate, which calls for more observation sites, providing long-term data on water, carbon, and other biogeochemical cycles. This is essential in finding a sustainable balance between forest preservation and reforestation versus a potential increase in food production and biofuels, which are critical in maintaining ecosystem services and global climate stability. Reducing global warming and deforestation is vital for tropical forests.
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| 5. |
- Barthelmi, K., et al.
(författare)
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Atomistic defects as single-photon emitters in atomically thin MoS2
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 117:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precisely positioned and scalable single-photon emitters (SPEs) are highly desirable for applications in quantum technology. This Perspective discusses single-photon-emitting atomistic defects in monolayers of MoS2 that can be generated by focused He-ion irradiation with few nanometers positioning accuracy. We present the optical properties of the emitters and the possibilities to implement them into photonic and optoelectronic devices. We showcase the advantages of the presented emitters with respect to atomistic positioning, scalability, long (microsecond) lifetime, and a homogeneous emission energy within ensembles of the emitters. Moreover, we demonstrate that the emitters are stable in energy on a timescale exceeding several weeks and that temperature cycling narrows the ensembles' emission energy distribution.
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| 6. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 7. |
- Betti, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Manipulating photorespiration to increase plant productivity : recent advances and perspectives for crop improvement
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 67:10, s. 2977-2988
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycling of the 2-phosphoglycolate generated by the oxygenase reaction of Rubisco requires a complex and energy-consuming set of reactions collectively known as the photorespiratory cycle. Several approaches aimed at reducing the rates of photorespiratory energy or carbon loss have been proposed, based either on screening for natural variation or by means of genetic engineering. Recent work indicates that plant yield can be substantially improved by the alteration of photorespiratory fluxes or by engineering artificial bypasses to photorespiration. However, there is also evidence indicating that, under certain environmental and/or nutritional conditions, reduced photorespiratory capacity may be detrimental to plant performance. Here we summarize recent advances obtained in photorespiratory engineering and discuss prospects for these advances to be transferred to major crops to help address the globally increasing demand for food and biomass production.
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| 8. |
- Dittrich, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016
- 2016
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMOappointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to provide state-of-the-art cancer care to all patients wherever they live. Recent progress in the field of cancer research has indeed resulted in diagnostic and therapeutic innovations such as targeted therapies as a standard therapeutic approach or personalised cancer medicine specialised training for medical oncology trainees. Thus, several new chapters on technical contents such as molecular pathology, translational research or molecular imaging and on conceptual attitudes towards human principles like genetic counselling or survivorship have been integrated in the GC. The GC edition 2016 consists of 12 sections with 17 subsections, 44 chapters and 35 subchapters, respectively. Besides renewal in its contents, the GC underwent a principal formal change taking into consideration modern didactic principles. It is presented in a template-based format that subcategorises the detailed outcome requirements into learning objectives, awareness, knowledge and skills. Consecutive steps will be those of harmonising and implementing teaching and assessment strategies.
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| 9. |
- Fernie, A. R., et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on plant photorespiratory metabolism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plant Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1435-8603 .- 1438-8677. ; 15:4, s. 748-753
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being intimately intertwined with (C3) photosynthesis, photorespiration is an incredibly high flux-bearing pathway. Traditionally, the photorespiratory cycle was viewed as closed pathway to refill the Calvin-Benson cycle with organic carbon. However, given the network nature of metabolism, it hence follows that photorespiration will interact with many other pathways. In this article, we review current understanding of these interactions and attempt to define key priorities for future research, which will allow us greater fundamental comprehension of general metabolic and developmental consequences of perturbation of this crucial metabolic process.
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| 10. |
- Fitzal, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Retrospective, Multicenter Analysis Comparing Conventional with Oncoplastic Breast Conserving Surgery : Oncological and Surgical Outcomes in Women with High-Risk Breast Cancer from the OPBC-01/iTOP2 Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 1068-9265 .- 1534-4681. ; 29:2, s. 1061-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Recent data suggest that margins >= 2 mm after breast-conserving surgery may improve local control in invasive breast cancer (BC). By allowing large resection volumes, oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCII; Clough level II/Tubingen 5-6) may achieve better local control than conventional breast conserving surgery (BCS; Tubingen 1-2) or oncoplastic breast conservation with low resection volumes (OBCI; Clough level I/Tubingen 3-4). Methods Data from consecutive high-risk BC patients treated in 15 centers from the Oncoplastic Breast Consortium (OPBC) network, between January 2010 and December 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 3,177 women were included, 30% of whom were treated with OBC (OBCI n = 663; OBCII n = 297). The BCS/OBCI group had significantly smaller tumors and smaller resection margins compared with OBCII (pT1: 50% vs. 37%, p = 0.002; proportion with margin <1 mm: 17% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). There were significantly more re-excisions due to R1 ("ink on tumor") in the BCS/OBCI compared with the OBCII group (11% vs. 7%, p = 0.049). Univariate and multivariable regression analysis adjusted for tumor biology, tumor size, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment demonstrated no differences in local, regional, or distant recurrence-free or overall survival between the two groups. Conclusions Large resection volumes in oncoplastic surgery increases the distance from cancer cells to the margin of the specimen and reduces reexcision rates significantly. With OBCII larger tumors are resected with similar local, regional and distant recurrence-free as well as overall survival rates as BCS/OBCI.
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| 11. |
- Johnsen, Christian Garmann, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating Populism : A Study of How German and Swedish Corporations Articulate the Refugee Situation in 2015-2016
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Business & society. - : Sage Publications. - 0007-6503 .- 1552-4205.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study how populist sentiments have increasingly influenced businesses in society, we examine how German and Swedish corporations addressed the refugee situation in their 2015 and 2016 annual reports. We find that corporations changed their communication once refugee migration became subjected to populist political sentiments, but that they did so without subscribing to those sentiments. Although populism is based on such sharp oppositions as welcoming refugees or closing borders, our analysis shows that corporations have found ways to communicate about the refugee migration beyond these oppositions. Rather than taking a political stance, the corporations studied have primarily articulated the refugee situation as it pertains to their business operations. We identify four modes of articulation: the refugee as someone needing international aid, as a factor for economic analysis, as a benefit recipient, or as a potential stakeholder. These findings help nuance our understanding of how corporations navigate contested political issues.
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| 12. |
- Kaesdorf, Benjamin T., et al.
(författare)
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Mucin-Inspired Lubrication on Hydrophobic Surfaces
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 18:8, s. 2454-2462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the human body, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins called mucins play a key role in protecting epithelial surfaces against pathogenic attack, controlling the passage of molecules toward the tissue and enabling boundary lubrication with very low friction coefficients. However, neither the molecular mechanisms nor the chemical motifs of those biomacromolecules involved in these fundamental processes are fully understood. Thus, identifying the key features that render biomacromolecules such as mucins outstanding boundary lubricants could set the stage for creating versatile artificial superlubricants. We here demonstrate the importance of the hydrophobic terminal peptide domains of porcine gastric mucin (MUCSAC) and human salivary mucin (MUCSB) in the processes of adsorbing to and lubricating a hydrophobic PDMS surface. Tryptic digestion of those mucins results in removal of those terminal domains, which is accompanied by a loss of lubricity as well as surface adsorption. We show that this loss can in part be compensated by attaching hydrophobic phenyl groups to the glycosylated central part of the mucin macromolecule. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the simple biopolysaccharide dextran can be functionalized with hydrophobic groups which confers efficient surface adsorption and good lubricity on PDMS to the polysaccharide.
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| 13. |
- Korkeamäki, Jannika T., et al.
(författare)
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Biomimetic highly porous nanocellulose–nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 31:4, s. 2503-2521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood-derived TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have potential as scaffolding for bone tissue engineering. Although biocompatible, the material lacks osteoconductive and appropriate mechanical properties. Incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and modification of scaffold preparation methods could improve applicability. In this study, freeze-dried porous scaffolds were prepared using a range of nHA (0, 20, 33, 50%) and CNF compositions. Not only the microarchitecture but also the chemical composition of the scaffolds was studied. Osteoblast-like osteosarcoma derived cells (Saos-2) were cultured on the scaffolds and their responses (viability, attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic phenotype) to the different scaffolds were documented. The results show that incorporation of nHA influenced the microarchitecture, mechanical stiffness and surface properties of the scaffolds. Moreover, biological characterization demonstrated good cell viability in all the groups. However, the increase of nHA concentration beyond 20% does not offer further advantages. It is concluded that the incorporation of 20% nHA resulted in the widest and most biomimetic pore size distribution, increased surface roughness and improved protein adsorption. These changes in material properties enhanced cell spreading and the osteogenic gene expression of osteoblast-like cells seeded on the scaffolds. Moreover, 20% nHA warrants further investigation as a potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.).
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| 14. |
- Larsson Olaison, Ulf, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Value or Values based CSR communication in response to Virtues in Media reporting? German and Swedish corporations in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee situation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Working Papers Series On Social Responsibility, Ethics And Sustainable Business. - Bucharest : ASE Publishing. ; , s. 15-15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Media played an important role in framing the 2015 European refugee situation as a crisis. For example, the Council of Europe report (DG1(2017)03) documents a sharp reorientation in media reporting from ‘careful tolerance’ to ‘fear and securitisation’. Following institutional theory, corporations’ reply to the refugee situation is embedded in a given societal context, that is most actually encapsulated by media sentiment: while what is (and could be) done is imposed and options are limited, there is still some room for different corporate strategies.We identify four major communication strategies corporations use to deal with the refugee issue: i) taking into account the social dimension (employment, integration, donation, encouragement), ii) considering the refugee issue in terms of business forecasting (opportunity, threat, neutral), iii) doing both, or iv) ignoring the issue altogether. Assuming a link between media coverage and CSR response, the European 2015 refugee situation provides a unique case. Based on content analysis of the 2015 and 2016 annual reports for the largest German and Swedish listed corporations, we analyze patterns in the reporting strategies of the corporations.The tentative findings of the paper indicate that - in response to the changed media sentiment - German as well as Swedish corporations to a lesser extent reported on the business case of the refugee situation, many restoring to avoidance. However, to complicate things, the findings also indicate an increase in altruistic charitable response the the refugee situation in both Germany and Sweden. Moreover, our findings indicate that patterns vary between German and Swedish corporations to some extent.
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| 15. |
- Meyer-Jacob, Carsten, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Independent measurement of biogenic silica in sediments by FTIR spectroscopy and PLS regression
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 52:3, s. 245-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an independent calibration model for the determination of biogenic silica (BSi) in sediments, developed from analysis of synthetic sediment mixtures and application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling. In contrast to current FTIRS applications for quantifying BSi, this new calibration is independent from conventional wet-chemical techniques and their associated measurement uncertainties. This approach also removes the need for developing internal calibrations between the two methods for individual sediments records. For the independent calibration, we produced six series of different synthetic sediment mixtures using two purified diatom extracts, with one extract mixed with quartz sand, calcite, 60/40 quartz/calcite and two different natural sediments, and a second extract mixed with one of the natural sediments. A total of 306 samples-51 samples per series-yielded BSi contents ranging from 0 to 100 %. The resulting PLSR calibration model between the FTIR spectral information and the defined BSi concentration of the synthetic sediment mixtures exhibits a strong cross-validated correlation ( = 0.97) and a low root-mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV = 4.7 %). Application of the independent calibration to natural lacustrine and marine sediments yields robust BSi reconstructions. At present, the synthetic mixtures do not include the variation in organic matter that occurs in natural samples, which may explain the somewhat lower prediction accuracy of the calibration model for organic-rich samples.
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| 16. |
- Missey, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-Driven Wireless Deep Brain Stimulation using Temporal Interference and Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a technique commonly used both in clinical and fundamental neurosciences. Classically, brain stimulation requires an implanted and wired electrode system to deliver stimulation directly to the target area. Although techniques such as temporal interference (TI) can provide stimulation at depth without involving any implanted electrodes, these methods still rely on a wired apparatus which limits free movement. Herein organic photocapacitors as untethered light-driven electrodes which convert deep-red light into electric current are reported. Pairs of these ultrathin devices can be driven using lasers at two different frequencies to deliver stimulation at depth via temporally interfering fields. This concept of laser TI stimulation using numerical modeling, tests with phantom brain samples, and finally in vivo tests is validated. Wireless organic photocapacitors are placed on the cortex and elicit stimulation in the hippocampus, while not delivering off-target stimulation in the cortex. This laser-driven wireless TI evokes a neuronal response at depth that is comparable to control experiments induced with deep brain stimulation protocols using implanted electrodes. This work shows that a combination of these two techniques-temporal interference and organic electrolytic photocapacitors-provides a reliable way to target brain structures requiring neither deeply implanted electrodes nor tethered stimulator devices. The laser TI protocol demonstrated here addresses two of the most important drawbacks in the field of DBS and thus holds potential to solve many issues in freely moving animal experiments or for clinical chronic therapy application.
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| 17. |
- Nagy, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Narrow inhomogeneous distribution of spin-active emitters in silicon carbide
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically active solid-state spin registers have demonstrated their unique potential in quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Realizing scalability and increasing application complexity require entangling multiple individual systems, e.g., via photon interference in an optical network. However, most solid-state emitters show relatively broad spectral distributions, which hinders optical interference experiments. Here, we demonstrate that silicon vacancy centers in semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC) provide a remarkably small natural distribution of their optical absorption/emission lines despite an elevated defect concentration of approximate to 0.43 mu m - 3. In particular, without any external tuning mechanism, we show that only 13 defects have to be investigated until at least two optical lines overlap within the lifetime-limited linewidth. Moreover, we identify emitters with overlapping emission profiles within diffraction-limited excitation spots, for which we introduce simplified schemes for the generation of computationally relevant Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and cluster states. Our results underline the potential of the CMOS-compatible SiC platform toward realizing networked quantum technology applications.
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| 18. |
- Reza, Salim, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on the directional dark-field signals from paperboards using a grating interferometer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP. - 1748-0221. ; 9, s. Art. no. C04032-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advancements in the grating interferometer based Phase Contrast X-ray Imag- ing (PCXI) technique enables high quality dark-field images to be obtained using conventional X-ray tubes. The dark-field images map the scattering inhomogeneities inside objects. Since, the dark-field image is constructed by considering only those photons which are scattered while pass- ing through the objects, it can reveal useful information about the object inner structures, such as, the fibre structures inside paperboards.The end-use performance of paperboards, such as the printing quality and the stiffness de-pends on the uniformity in the thickness and the structures of the coating layer of the paperboards. The uniformity in the coating layer is determined by the coating techniques, the coating materials and the topography of the base sheet. In this article, the dark-field signals from four paperboard samples with different quality indices are analysed. The isotropic and the anisotropic scattering coefficients for all of the samples have been calculated. Based on the correlation between the isotropic coefficients and the quality indices of the paperboards, a new method for paperboard quality measurement has been suggested.
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| 19. |
- Sych, Taras, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput measurement of the content and properties of nano-sized bioparticles with single-particle profiler
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 42:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid nanoparticles, viruses, exosomes and liposomes are characterized by analysis of fluorescence fluctuations. We introduce a method, single-particle profiler, that provides single-particle information on the content and biophysical properties of thousands of particles in the size range 5-200 nm. We use our single-particle profiler to measure the messenger RNA encapsulation efficiency of lipid nanoparticles, the viral binding efficiencies of different nanobodies, and the biophysical heterogeneity of liposomes, lipoproteins, exosomes and viruses.
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| 20. |
- Warnke, Clemens, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid JC Virus Antibody Index for Diagnosis of Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 76:6, s. 792-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by JC virus (JCV), can occur in patients receiving natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS). JCV detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or brain biopsy, is required for probable or definite diagnosis of PML. However, in some patients only low levels of JCV DNA (<100 copies/ml) are present in CSF, making the diagnosis challenging. Our objective was to assess the complementary value of a CSF JCV antibody index (AI(JCV)) in the diagnosis of natalizumab-associated PML.Methods: AI(JCV) was assessed in 37 cases of natalizumab-associated PML and 89 MS-patients treated with natalizumab without PML. Sera and CSF were tested in a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using JCV-VP1 fused to glutathione S-transferase as antigen. Albumin levels and total immunoglobulin G concentration were determined by immunonephelometry, and the AI(JCV) was calculated as published.Results:Twenty-six of 37 (70%) patients with natalizumab-associated PML exhibited an AI(JCV) > 1.5, whereas this was seen in none of the controls (p < 0.0001). At time of the first positive qPCR for JCV DNA, 11 of 20 (55%) patients with natalizumab-associated PML had an AI(JCV) > 1.5. JCV DNA levels of <100 copies/ml were seen in 14 (70%) of these 20 patients, of whom 8 (57%) demonstrated an AI(JCV) > 1.5.Interpretation: Determination of the AI(JCV) could be an added tool in the diagnostic workup for PML and should be included in the case definition of natalizumab-associated PML. Ann Neurol 2014;76:792-801
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| 21. |
- Weber, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the foreign body response of titanium implants modified with polyphenolic coatings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 110:7, s. 1341-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The foreign body response is dictating the outcome of wound healing around any implanted materials. Patients who suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases and impaired wound healing often face a higher risk for implant failure. Therefore, functional surfaces need to be developed to improve tissue integration. For this purpose, we evaluated the impact of surface coatings made of antioxidant polyphenolic molecules tannic acid (TA) and pyrogallol (PG) on the host response in human blood. Our results showed that although the polyphenolic surface modifications impact the initial blood protein adsorption compared to Ti, the complement and coagulation systems are triggered. Despite complement activation, monocytes and granulocytes remained inactivated, which was manifested in a low pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Under oxidative stress, both coatings were able to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). However, no anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenolic coatings could be verified in hGFs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 beta. Although polyphenols reportedly inhibit the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p65 was observed. In conclusion, our results indicated that TA and PG coatings improved the hemocompatibility of titanium surfaces and have the potential to reduce oxidative stress during wound healing.
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| 22. |
- Weber, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate social responsibility accounting for arising issues
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1363-254X .- 1478-0852. ; 21:4, s. 370-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeArising societal issues challenge corporate social responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how corporations account for arising issues under different institutional settings: the stakeholder oriented corporate governance model of Germany is hypothesized to produce a different response than the more state dominated Swedish welfare model.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes the reported CSR response of the largest corporations in Germany and Sweden, in relation to the 2015 European refugee crisis, as its case. In total, 157 annual reports are investigated by means of text analysis for statements in relation to the European refugee crisis.FindingsEmpirically, German corporations are more prone to communicate on this emerging issue, and deploying corporate resources to an emerging societal crisis. Based on that finding, this study concludes that the German model is more in line with international CSR-discourse than the Swedish.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has implications for institutional theory perspectives on CSR accounting-related issues. By comparing two economies that would be characterized as “coordinated market economies” a somewhat different set of topics becomes apparent. Further considering country context could be useful when expanding the debate on CSR accounting.Originality/valueThis study is the first to empirically investigate corporate diplomacy with regard to the European refugee crisis. Besides others, corporations are important societal players. Therefore, corporations bear both, the obligation to deal with arising issues and the potential to participate in public opinion-forming with regard to those issues.
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| 23. |
- Weber, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Silicate-Phenolic Networks : Coordination-Mediated Deposition of Bioinspired Tannic Acid Coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 25:42, s. 9870-9874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface modification with polyphenolic molecules has been pursued in biomedical materials owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial characteristics. Recently, the use of silicic acid (Si-aq) as a mediator for efficient surface deposition of tannic acid (TA) was reported, but the postulated Si-TA polymeric networks were not characterized. Herein, we present unambiguous evidence for silicate-TA networks that involve Si-O-C motifs by using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, further supported by XPS and ToF-SIMS. By using QCM-D we demonstrate the advantages of Si-aq, compared to using transition-metal ions, to improve the coating efficiency under mildly acidic conditions. The presented homogenous coating buildup and validated applicability in inorganic buffers broadens the use of TA for surface modifications in technological and biomedical applications.
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| 24. |
- Weber, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Potential-Induced Pitting Corrosion of an IrO2(110)-RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) Model Electrode under Oxygen Evolution Reaction Conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 9:7, s. 6530-6539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sophisticated IrO2(110)-based model electrodes are prepared by deposition of a 10 nm thick single-crystalline IrO2(110) layer supported on a structure-directing RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) template, exposing a regular array of mesoscopic rooflike structures. With this model electrode together with the dedicated in situ synchrotron based techniques (SXRD, XRR) and ex situ characterization techniques (SEM, ToF-SIMS, XPS), the corrosion process of IrO2(110) in an acidic environment (pH 0.4) is studied on different length scales. Potential-induced pitting corrosion starts at 1.48 V vs SHE and is initiated at so-called surface grain boundaries, where three rotational domains of IrO2(110) meet. The most surprising result is, however, that even when the electrode potential is increased to 1.94 V vs SHE 60-70% of the IrO2 film still stays intact down to the mesoscale and atomic scale and no uniform thinning of the IrO2(110) layer is encountered. Neither flat IrO2(110) terraces nor single steps are attacked. Ultrathin single-crystalline IrO2(110) layers seem to be much more stable to anodic corrosion than hitherto expected.
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| 25. |
- Zhang, Yi-Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual Deprotonated Alkynyl Hydrogen Bonding in Metal-Supported Hydrocarbon Assembly
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:17, s. 9669-9679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that terminal alkynyl moieties represent powerful functional groups for driving thermally stable, on-surface supramolecular structure formation on a reactive substrate. Through a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption-fine-structure spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we investigate the molecule-surface interaction and self-assembly of two prototypical hydrocarbon species on Cu(111). For 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)benzene (Ext-TEB) adsorption at low temperature (200 K) results in nonassembling, conformationally adapted intact species. Deprotonation of the terminal alkyne moieties, taking place at temperatures ranging from 300 to 350 K, triggers the formation of room-temperature stable, close-packed supramolecular islands. Through DFT calculations, the stabilizing interaction is identified as a trifurcated ionic C-H center dot center dot center dot pi(-delta) hydrogen bonding between the g-system of the ionic alkynyl groups and methine moieties of nearby benzene rings, providing an energy gain of 0.26 eV/molecule upon network formation. Robust assemblies result from the combination of this weak directional attraction with the strong surface anchoring also provided by the alkynyl groups. The generality of this novel ionic hydrogen-bonding type is demonstrated by the observation of low-dimensional assemblies of 9,10-diethynyl-anthracene on the same surface, consistently explained with the same type of interaction.
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