| 1. |
- Norbury, John W., et al.
(författare)
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Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-424X. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The helium ((Formula presented.) He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum makes significant contributions to the total astronaut radiation exposure. (Formula presented.) He ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation than carbon ((Formula presented.) C) ions and smaller lateral beam spreading than protons. Space radiation protection and ion therapy applications need reliable nuclear reaction models and transport codes for energetic particles in matter. Neutrons and light ions ((Formula presented.) H, (Formula presented.) H, (Formula presented.) H, (Formula presented.) He, and (Formula presented.) He) are the most important secondary particles produced in space radiation and ion therapy nuclear reactions; these particles penetrate deeply and make large contributions to dose equivalent. Since neutrons and light ions may scatter at large angles, double differential cross sections are required by transport codes that propagate radiation fields through radiation shielding and human tissue. This work will review the importance of (Formula presented.) He projectiles to space radiation and ion therapy, and outline the present status of neutron and light ion production cross section measurements and modeling, with recommendations for future needs.
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| 2. |
- Printz Ringbaek, Toke, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of the Beam-Modulation Effect of the Lung in Carbon Ion and Proton Therapy With Deterministic Pencil Beam Algorithms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-424X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion beams passing through lung tissue show more pronounced energy straggling than expected for solid materials of the same thickness. Energy straggling in active scanning particle therapy can enlarge the pencil beam Bragg peaks in-depth as well as displace them, deteriorating the dose coverage of a target within the lung. While this is not yet considered in any known treatment planning system, we implement a mathematical model to be used for treatment planning, using TRiP98, which relies on a deterministic pencil beam algorithm. Through a randomization process based on a continuous Poisson probability distribution, the HU values of lung voxels are replaced with a modified value in successive iterations. The beam-modulation effect of the lung can thus be taken into account in treatment planning by recalculating the dose n times for n randomized CTs using the raster scan file of a plan that was optimized on the nonmodulated CT. The evaluation follows by averaging the resulting n dose distributions and comparing to the corresponding nonmodulated dose distribution, attending at dosimetric indices and dose-volume histograms. In this work, the functionality of these routines was tested for proton and carbon ion plans for two selected lung cancer patient cases with deep-seated tumors, showing that, with existing standard tools, it is possible to calculate the beam-modulation effect of the lung in TRiP98 in a transparent way. Variable model parameters, such as modulation power, voxel size and density voxel selection range, were evaluated. Furthermore, a systematic study for spherical geometries in a lung tissue CT cube is presented to investigate general trends.
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| 3. |
- Ringbaek, Toke Printz, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of new 2D ripple filters in proton treatments of spherical geometries and non-small cell lung carcinoma cases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 63:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A ripple filter (RiFi) is a passive energy modulator used in scanned particle therapy to broaden the Bragg peak, thus lowering the number of accelerator energies required for homogeneous target coverage, which significantly reduces the irradiation time. As we have previously shown, a new 6 mm thick RiFi with 2D groove shapes produced with 3D printing can be used in carbon ion treatments with a similar target coverage and only a marginally worse planning conformity compared to treatments with in-use 3 mm thick RiFis of an older 1D design. Where RiFis are normally not used with protons due to larger scattering and straggling effects, this new design would be beneficial in proton therapy too. Measurements of proton Bragg curves and lateral beam profiles were carried out for different RiFi designs and thicknesses as well as for no RiFi at the Heidelberg lonenstrahl-Therapiezentrum. Base data for proton treatment planning were generated with the Monte Carlo code SHIELD-HIT12A with and without the 2D 6 mm RiFi. Plans on spherical targets in water were calculated with TRiP98 for a systematic RiFi performance analysis and for comparisons with carbon ion plans for the same respective energy depth step sizes. Plans for 9 stage I static non small cell lung cancer patients were calculated with Eclipse 13.7.15. Dose-volume-histograms, spatial dose distributions and dosimetric indexes were used for plan evaluation. Measurements confirm the functionality of the new 2D RiFi design, which reduces the beam spot size compared to 1D RiFis of the same thickness. Planning studies show that a 6 mm thick 2D RiFi could be used in proton therapy to lower the irradiation time. Although slightly worse planning conformity and dose homogeneity were found for plans with the RiFi compared to plans without, satisfactory results within the planning objective were obtained for all cases.
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