| 1. |
- Bazilian, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Accelerating the global transformation to 21st century power systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Electricity Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6190 .- 1873-6874. ; 26:6, s. 39-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nations and regions need to share lessons about the best ways to create enabling policies, regulations, and markets that get the most social benefit out of power systems and incent the necessary investments.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Coffineau, L., et al.
(författare)
-
INSIGHT_E-A Think Tank Informing the European Commission
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition - Insights for Policy Making. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 11-20
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INSIGHT_E is a think tank that offers unbiased energy policy advice and insights to the European Commission. The consortium forming INSIGHT_E combines a multidisciplinary group of 12 different partners based in nine different European countries. In order to provide energy policy advice and insights, it has developed tools and instruments to assess the impact of the energy transition in all its dimensions, including its drivers. Its three main types of publications include Rapid Response Energy Briefs, Hot Energy Topics, and Policy Reports. Its fourth key output is an Observatory, which provides access to all of INSIGHT_E's publications, tools, and instruments, including webinars, information corners, and statistical indicators on the energy transition of the European Union.
|
|
| 4. |
- Faure-Schuyer, A., et al.
(författare)
-
A Market-Based European Energy Policy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 41-48
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European energy policy focuses on the opening of the energy market to ensure competition in generation, supply, and retail activities; and in this context on the reinforcement of cross-border interconnections. Despite such endeavors, regulatory structures remain fragmented, which is reflected by the disparity of energy prices inside the EU. A European dimension related to affordability and to the harmonization of national security of supply policies is also missing in this context. Policy coordination is further required among Member States and together with other trading partners in order to secure investments in energy markets. In the electricity market, different market policy instruments are envisaged as part of the EU Energy Union. Among them, a reform of the European Trading Scheme is put in place and a convergence of existing national capacity remuneration schemes is considered. This section assesses these market instruments and the overall progress towards an EU internal energy market. It further discusses the implication of EU energy policies on energy prices.
|
|
| 5. |
- Faure-Schuyer, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Conclusions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 49-50
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While the European Union is well on track with the implementation of its energy and climate policies, it is facing a complex situation. The energy transition will require new market designs which deliver on climate policy targets, ensure energy security, and provide affordable energy services to final consumers. At the same time national policies are to some extent contrasted by the launch of the Energy Union. This chapter provides some concluding thoughts on this energy transition, based on the analysis presented in this section on Europe's Energy Policy Landscape.
|
|
| 6. |
- Faure-Schuyer, A., et al.
(författare)
-
European Energy Policy Objectives
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 31-39
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe is on track to achieve the targets it set out for 2020 in terms of share of renewables, greenhouse gas emission reductions, and energy-efficiency efforts. Apart from a decline in consumption due to the 2007-12 financial crises, this apparent success relies on national interventions such as feed-in tariff support schemes. With the decision of the antitrust authorities to move from regulated support to market-based remuneration schemes, the pace of development of renewables is more uncertain. At the same time, significant low-carbon investments are needed to meet the increasingly ambitious energy and climate change targets for 2030 and 2050. This chapter presents an overview of related policy developments, assesses the level of progress towards achieving these targets and present associated barriers. It concludes by discussing the recent evolution of energy prices in the European Union and the challenges related to the Energy Union project.
|
|
| 7. |
- Faure-Schuyer, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction : Europe as a Consuming Region
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 ; , s. 23-24
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Europe is one of the largest energy-consuming regions in the world, relying heavily on fossil fuel imports. This requires the EU to pursue an active policy to ensure security of supply. The challenges are particularly acute in the context of the transformation of the EU's energy systems to meet the 2050 climate change targets. This introductory chapter sets the scene for and presents the outline of the following chapters.
|
|
| 8. |
- Faure-Schuyer, A., et al.
(författare)
-
The European Union on the Global Scene-A Snapshot
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 25-30
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union stand as the world's fourth largest energy-consuming region. Despite the growing share of renewables, its energy supply mix remains dominated by fossil fuels. This chapter presents a statistical overview of the structure and dynamic of the EU's primary energy supply and demand. For a number of Member States, alleviating external energy dependency remains a key concern.
|
|
| 9. |
- Gardumi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
-
Representation of Balancing Options for Variable Renewables in Long-Term Energy System Models : An Application to OSeMOSYS
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 12:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing complexity and the many challenges related to fast-changing and highly de-carbonised electricity systems require reliable and robust open source energy modelling frameworks. Their reliability may be tested on a series of well-posed benchmarks that can be used and shared by the modelling community. This paper describes and integrates stand-alone, independent modules to compute the costs and benefits of flexible generation options in the open source energy investment modelling framework OSeMOSYS. The modules are applied to a case study that may work as a benchmark. The whole documentation of the modules and the test case study are retrievable, reproducible, reusable, interoperable, and auditable. They create a case to help establish a FAIR-compliant, user-friendly, and low-threshold model and data standards in modelling practices. As is well known, one of the options for balancing high shares of variable renewables is flexible power generation by dispatchable units. The associated costs need to be considered for short-term operational analyses and for long-term investment plans. The added modules contribute to extending the modelling capacity by introducing (a) costs of ramping, (b) non-linear decrease of efficiency at partial load operation, and the cost minimisation objective function of OSeMOSYS. From application to the test case study, two main insights are drawn: costs of ramping and decreased partial load efficiency may influence the competitiveness of generation technologies in the provision of reserve capacity; and refurbishment of existing units may represent attractive investment options for increasing flexibility. Both effects are also seen in the long-term and may impact infrastructure investment decisions to meet decarbonisation targets. These effects would not be captured without the introduction of the modules.
|
|
| 10. |
- Hermann, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) interlinkages in Burkina Faso : An analysis of agricultural intensification and bioenergy production
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Natural resources forum (Print). - : Wiley. - 0165-0203 .- 1477-8947. ; 36:4, s. 245-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) interactions in Burkina Faso. It shows that integrated assessments of resource use at the national level can provide important insights and benefits, especially for a resource constrained least developed country. Agricultural policy is shown to have strong implications for energy use, whereas energy policies are found to be strongly interrelated with water constraints. Without an integrated and coordinated approach, strategy and policy formulation efforts to increase energy, food and water security could become both incoherent and counter-productive.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hermann, Sebastian, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
In The CLEW Model – Developing an integrated tool for modelling the interrelated effects of Climate, Land use, Energy, and Water (CLEW)
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 6th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems - Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces the prototype of new tool which analyses the Climate-, Land-, Energy- and Water- (CLEW) re-sources and their interactions and implications associated with socio-economic development. The presented CLEW model focuses specifically on the analysis of different energy (technology) options and their impact on other resources – e.g. their contribution to climate change, land use change, and water consumption.The CLEW model systematically quantifies trade-offs associated with actions aimed at meeting development goals (specifically energy, food, and water supply) and their impact on the climate, water and environment. The model quantifies resource use with calculations based on collected data, assumptions and user-defined scenarios. Importantly, the model is not limited to internal or national effects but also includes external changes induced through energy imports or exports and land use change. Exemplary, a first preliminary modelling exercise for the island of Mauritius has shown very strong implications on GHG emissions when switching to locally produced biofuels (bio-ethanol) through induced land-use changes and is presented in the second part of this paper.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hermann, Sebastian, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainable Energy for All - What does it mean for Water and Food Security : Seeking sustainable development CLEWS: Climate-change, Land-use, Energy and Water (CLEW) Strategies
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This background note serves to inform the “hot topic” session entitled ‘Sustainable Energy for All – What does it mean for Water and Food Security?’.Energy is vital for human development. This is why the United Nations proclaimed 2012 as the ‘International Year of Sustainable Energy for All’. The goal is to ensure universal access to modern energy services by 2030. Today’s energy production, however, is already putting prohibitive strain on the global environment. In support of worldwide efforts to render energy systems sustainable, the UN has therefore called for two additional targets: to double the rate of improvements in energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy.Besides energy, also food and water need to be universally provided to ensure human wellbeing and enable socio-economic development. Each of these targets is indispensable to improve people’s livelihoods and is a formidable challenge by itself. But taken together, they become an even more daunting task since they interfere with each other – while today human activities are already exceeding planetary limits.The simultaneous expansion of energy, food and water requires a coherent approach based on integrated planning across these sectors. The management in each resource area is often done in isolation - with unforeseen and damaging consequences manifested in related systems. As a starting point, we focus on energy and consequently discuss Energy-Water-Food nexus relations. The beginnings of a ‘framework’ are presented that is useful to conceptualize these interrelations, and then applied to a preliminary case study. In that case study, integrated measures are considered as a means to improve the energy security of a climate-change-vulnerable small island developing state (SIDS). The case study assesses CLEW (Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water) strategies in an integrated manner, and was undertaken by organizations contributing to this special session.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Howells, Mark I., et al.
(författare)
-
Integrated analysis of climate change, land-use, energy and water strategies
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Nature. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 3:7, s. 621-626
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land, energy and water are our most precious resources, but the manner and extent to which they are exploited contributes to climate change. Meanwhile, the systems that provide these resources are themselves highly vulnerable to changes in climate. Efficient resource management is therefore of great importance, both for mitigation and for adaptation purposes. We postulate that the lack of integration in resource assessments and policy-making leads to inconsistent strategies and inefficient use of resources. We present CLEWs (climate, land-use, energy and water strategies), a new paradigm for resource assessments that we believe can help to remedy some of these shortcomings.
|
|
| 15. |
- Mentis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
-
A GIS-based approach for electrification planning-A case study on Nigeria
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 0973-0826 .- 2352-4669. ; 29, s. 142-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the latest Global Tracking Framework (2015), 18% of the global and 57% of the African population live without access to electricity services a key impediment towards social and economic growth. Accelerating access to electricity requires, inter alia, strategies and programmes that effectively address and account for the geographical, infrastructural and socioeconomic characteristics of a country or region. This paper focuses on considering these characteristics by developing a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based methodology to inform electrification planning and strategies. The methodology is applied to Nigeria in order to identify the optimal mix of electrification options, ranging from grid extensions to mini-grid and off-grid solutions. The case study illustrates how this optimal mix is influenced by a range of parameters including population density, existing and planned transmission networks and power plants, economic activities, tariffs for grid-based electricity, technology costs for mini-grid and off-grid systems and fuel costs for consumers. For a certain level of energy access, on-grid connections would be optimal for the majority of the new connections in Nigeria; grid extension constitutes the lowest cost option for approximately 86% of the newly electrified population in this modelling effort with 2030 as the time horizon. However, there are some remote areas with low population densities where a mini-grid or a stand-alone solution are the most economic options; deploying some combination of solar, wind, hydro and diesel technologies depending on the locational resource availability.
|
|
| 16. |
- Mentis, Dimitris, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the technical wind energy potential in Africa a GIS-based approach
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 83, s. 110-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, Africa faces the challenge of generating more electricity to meet existing and future demand in a sustainable way. Africa is a privileged continent in terms of wind resource regime. However, very little of this has been utilized. It is thus essential to identify and define the amount of wind energy that could be technically exploited on the continent. The utilization of wind energy is associated with a myriad of localization criteria and thus it should be systematically addressed by spatial assessments to guarantee its harmonization with socio-economic systems, infrastructure and ecosystems. This study focuses on onshore wind power on the African continent and strives to provide estimates of theoretical, geographical and technical potential based on state of the art wind power technology. Maps of wind power potential at 80m, which is the hub height of a modern wind turbine will be derived via statistical distribution of wind speed data and implementation of wind power curves. Screening criteria regarding the localization of wind farms and related to socio-economic and geographic constraints are outlined and implemented through a thorough GIS analysis. The results of this work are presented and compared with similar approaches and significant conclusions are drawn. Based on the analysis there are some countries that signify high yearly wind energy yield, such as South Africa, Sudan, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, Mauritania, Tunisia and Morocco, whilst Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Burundi, Liberia, Benin and Togo indicate the least wind power potential.
|
|
| 17. |
- Nerini, Francesco Fuso, et al.
(författare)
-
A cost comparison of technology approaches for improving access to electricity services
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 95, s. 255-265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The UN's Sustainable Energy For All initiative has made universal access to energy by 2030 a key target. Countries wherein budgets are constrained and institutions stressed are faced with the challenge of further extending energy services and doing so significantly. To meet this goal for the power sector in a cost-effective way, governments have to consider the deployment of a mix of stand-alone, mini-grid and grid-based solutions. To help inform analysis, planning and the decision process, this paper presents a simple, transparent, least-cost model for the electrification of rural areas. The approach builds on four key parameters, namely: (i) target level and quality of energy access, (ii) population density, (iii) local grid connection characteristics and (iv) local energy resources availability and technology cost. From an application perspective, this work can be used both for (1) fast assessments of specific energy access projects, and (2) to inform more complex regional studies using a geo-referencing software to analyze the results. Such applications are presented in the results using country case studies developed for Nigeria and Ethiopia. These show how the strategy for expanding energy access may vary significantly both between and within given regions of energy-poor countries.
|
|
| 18. |
- Normark, B., et al.
(författare)
-
DC Power Production and Consumption in Households
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 237-248
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates the potential benefits and feasibility of household DC networks. Unlike the case of AC systems, a well-established set of standards for household DC networks is currently lacking. This work reviews some of the most promising suggestions and further analyzes those that are most suitable to be implemented. In addition, a comparative study is carried out between a hybrid AC-DC system and a proposed DC configuration, for different selected geographical conditions in the EU. Specifically, the comparative study focuses on energy savings from avoiding conversion losses, and economic payback. The choice of transitioning to DC networks in households is found to be dependent on the evolution of electricity consumption of household devices, residential solar PV penetration, and the cost of DC power converters. It is most likely that DC household networks will be taken up in parallel to the current AC system; a hybrid configuration with installations of parallel networks of AC and low-voltage DC distribution systems is a possible "transition solution." Some recent developments in favor of a transition of DC networks include the launch of USB 3.1 (capable of power delivery of up to 100. W), the dramatic fall in costs of solar PV since 2008, and growing support at the EU level for residential electricity storage through batteries. In addition, both the International Electrotechnical Commission and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers are actively engaged in developing DC network standards. This is critical for the large-scale adoption of low-voltage DC networks.
|
|
| 19. |
- Pye, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Developing the Policy Package
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 295-304
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chapter 32, Key Challenges Ahead, set out the nature of the energy challenges faced by the European Union, as framed by the Energy Union and illustrated by the research presented in this book. In this chapter, we consider further insights from the think tank INSIGHT_E concerning the direction of policy formulation to effectively address some of these challenges. Particular focus is on policy needs to drive decarbonization, such as the EU ETS, system and market design for increasing the role of renewables, and protections for vulnerable consumers in energy markets, and the energy-poor more broadly.
|
|
| 20. |
- Pye, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 287-287
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 21. |
- Pye, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Key challenges Ahead
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 289-293
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter sets out the key challenges ahead for the European energy system, as it transitions to one that is low-carbon, both secure and reliable, and meets the energy needs of European citizens. It highlights the need for a comprehensive and cohesive policy package, as further considered in more detail in Chapter 33, Developing the Policy Package.
|
|
| 22. |
- Pye, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Research priorities
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 305-307
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are a range of research needs that have emerged from the activities of INSIGHT_E. Whilst researching across a range of topics, the need for a more in-depth understanding have become increasingly evident. Such research topics include energy poverty, new market designs for electricity, and enhanced modeling of the Europe-wide system. In addition, the policy situation has changed, with the ratification of the Paris Agreement and new Commission proposals across a range of energy issues. This calls for a response from the research community.
|
|
| 23. |
- Rogan, Fionn, et al.
(författare)
-
LEAPs and Bounds-an Energy Demand and Constraint Optimised Model of the Irish Energy System
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 7:3, s. 441-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper builds a model of energy demand and supply for Ireland with a focus on evaluating, and providing insights for, energy efficiency policies. The demand-side comprises sectoral sub-models, with a detailed bottom-up approach used for the transport and residential sectors and a top-down approach used for the industry and services sectors. The supply side uses the linear programming optimisation features of the Open Source Energy Modelling System applied to electricity generation to calculate the least-cost solution. This paper presents the first national level model developed within the Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning software to combine detailed end-use analysis on the demand side with a cost-minimising optimisation approach for modelling the electricity generation sector. Through three scenarios over the period 2009-2020, the model examines the aggregate impact on energy demand of a selection of current and proposed energy efficiency policies. In 2020, energy demand in the energy efficiency scenario is 8.6 % lower than the reference scenario and 11.1 % lower in the energy efficiency + scenario.
|
|
| 24. |
- Shivakumar, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
-
Need for Reliability and Measuring Its Cost
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition - Insights for Policy Making. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 207-218
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, power supply in the EU is characterized by a relatively high reliability. It should, however, not be taken for granted given the increasing shares of variable RES. Choosing the socioeconomically optimal level of reliability to aim for requires a thorough understanding of the socioeconomic costs of electricity supply interruptions. This chapter provides guidance on how to measure the consequences of supply interruptions and thus determine the value of electricity supply security.
|
|
| 25. |
- Siyal, Shahid Hussain, et al.
(författare)
-
Wind energy assessment considering geographic and environmental restrictions in Sweden : A GIS-based approach
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 83, s. 447-461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wind energy being a freely available and low-carbon energy source has got the focus of decision makers around the world, because wind energy systems can reduce the dependence of a nation on fossil fuels and can contribute to a sustainable development of both climate and energy. However, wind power comes with certain environmental impacts and land use constraints that should be taken into account, in order to reach main sustainability goals concerning biodiversity and ecosystem services. The Swedish national goal regarding wind energy development has been set to 30 TWh by the year 2020, of which 20 TWh should come from the on-shore wind energy resource. Therefore, wind energy development in Sweden could play an important role in achieving the future energy and environmental targets. In this regard, we assessed the wind energy potential available in Sweden using a GIS-based approach. We aimed to estimate the technical onshore wind energy potential available in Sweden by considering system performance, topographic limitations, environmental, and land use constraints in the form of two restriction scenarios. The results of this paper can draw the attention of decision makers to reach a sustainable wind energy development in Sweden. The results achieved in this paper suggest that Sweden possesses sufficient wind energy potential and land area available for wind energy installations, which can be used to meet the future renewable energy targets in Sweden.
|
|
| 26. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, et al.
(författare)
-
An indicative assessment of investment opportunities in the African electricity supply sector
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Energy in Southern Africa. - : Academy of Science of South Africa. - 1021-447X .- 2413-3051. ; 25:1, s. 2-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the coming decades, demand for electricity will increase considerably on the African continent. Investment in power generation, transmission and distribution is necessary to meet this demand. In this paper a cost-optimization tool is used to assess investment opportunities under varying scenarios of GDP growth, electricity trade and CO2 taxation. Business as usual fuel price outlooks are assumed, and related assumptions are relatively conservative. The goal is to find if there are economic indications that renewable energy might play a significant role in the expansion of the African electricity system. The results show that there is potential of renewable energy (RE) resources to have a significant share in the generation mix. By 2030, 42% and 55% of the total generation is powered by renewables in the high and low GDP scenarios respectively. Promotion of interregional trade can assist in unlocking RE potential across the continent, such as hydro in Central Africa and wind in East Africa; these regions are projected to be net exporters of electricity. Additionally, generation by off-grid technologies increases over time, reaching 12% of the total generation by 2030 in Sub-Saharan Africa.
|
|
| 27. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy security prospects in Cyprus and Israel : A focus on natural gas
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. - : Aalborg University press. - 2246-2929. ; 3, s. 5-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global production of natural gas has increased from 1226 bcm in 1973 to 3282 bcm in 2010 and is projected to continue rising by an annual growth rate of 1.6% between 2010 to 2035. Cyprus and Israel have recently made major offshore discoveries of natural gas, which can supply to a great extent the two countries’ current domestic energy needs for the next few decades and still export a substantial volume. MESSAGE, a global optimization model was used to explore the possible interactions between the two countries’ energy systems. Scenarios are presented that assess the export potential for electricity (generated by gas-fired power plants), liquefied natural gas (LNG) or gas-to-liquid products (GTL). The results are compared to a scenario without any available reserves to illustrate the financial benefits that will arise from the exploitation of the gas resources in the two countries.
|
|
| 28. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, et al.
(författare)
-
Grand Inga to power Africa : Hydropower development scenarios to 2035
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 4, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vision of harnessing the Congo River's immense flow to generate power for the African continent has existed in the agenda of energy planners and politicians for nearly a century. However after the installations of Inga I in 1972 and Inga II in 1982, progress came to a standstill. Recently though the larger aspirations of Grand Inga seem to be moving forward again. Construction of Inga III low-head is set to commence in 2015 with a projected capacity of 4755MW, of which 2500MW are contracted for the South African market. Upon completion, the total capacity of Grand Inga could reach 42GW. In this paper, we present scenario-driven results of a Sub-Saharan African-focused partial-equilibrium energy model related to the further development of the project. The analysis is presented to show the broad range of possible energy futures related to this project, without taking into deep consideration the admittedly important issues related to governance, environmental impacts or social tensions. Scenarios are developed to assess the energy outlook of the Central African power pool, in which Grand Inga is located, and the exchange of electricity between regions when the project is completed. The project has the potential to cover the increasing needs for power in this power pool and provide electricity exports to other regions; primarily Southern and Western Africa in a high demand scenario and Southern and Northern Africa in a low demand scenario.
|
|
| 29. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Renewable Energy Technology integration for the island of Cyprus : A cost-optimization approach
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Energy Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0195-6574 .- 1944-9089. ; 137, s. 31-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of the ongoing financial crisis, Cyprus is called to transform its energy sector. The high electricity cost has been recognized as a priority issue and authorities on the island are considering several available options to reduce electricity tariffs. A fuel switch from oil to gas, domestic or imported, an electrical cross-border interconnection and a rapid increase in the share of renewable energy are among the major options being considered. Focusing on the power supply of Cyprus, the present study uses a cost-optimization tool to investigate the impact of different combinations of policy decision, resulting in a series of different scenarios, with some common key findings, with the aim of directly informing future energy policy decisions. Results indicate that renewable energy technologies will play a major role regardless the decisions taken. However, a set of enabling regulatory and market changes on the horizon might prevent least-cost deployment of renewables to take place. This study will review the findings and make some recommendations on the achievement of this optimal pathways for the evolution of Cyprus electricity sector.
|
|
| 30. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Renewable Energy Technology integration for the island of Cyprus: A cost-optimization approach
-
Ingår i: Energy. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In light of the ongoing financial crisis, Cyprus is called to transform its energy sector. The high electricity cost has been recognized as a priority issue and authorities on the island are considering several available options to reduce electricity tariffs. A fuel switch from oil to gas, domestic or imported, an electrical cross-border interconnection and a rapid increase in the share of renewable energy are among the major options being considered. Focusing on the power supply of Cyprus, the present study uses a cost-optimization tool to investigate the impact of different combinations of policy decision, resulting in a series of different scenarios, with some common key findings, with the aim of directly informing future energy policy decisions. Results indicate that renewable energy technologies will play a major role regardless the decisions taken. However, a set of enabling regulatory and market changes on the horizon might prevent least-cost deployment of renewables to take place. This study will review the findings and make some recommendations on the achievement of this optimal pathways for the evolution of Cyprus electricity sector.
|
|
| 31. |
- Taliotis, Constantinos, et al.
(författare)
-
Technoeconomic assumptions adopted for the development of a long-term electricity supply model for Cyprus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2352-3409. ; 14, s. 730-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation mix of Cyprus has been dominated by oil products for decades. In order to conform with European Union and international legislation, a transformation of the supply system is called for. Energy system models can facilitate energy planning into the future, but a large volume of data is required to populate such models. The present data article provides information on key modelling assumptions and input data adopted with the aim of representing the electricity supply system of Cyprus in a separate research article. Data in regards to renewable energy technoeconomic characteristics and investment cost projections, fossil fuel price projections, storage technology characteristics and system operation assumptions are described in this article.
|
|
| 32. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Adding value with CLEWS - Modelling the energy system and its interdependencies for Mauritius
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 113, s. 1434-1445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate, Energy, Water and Land-use Systems (CLEWS) are closely integrated. Yet, most related decision and policy making occurs in disparate institutional entities, informed by relatively disconnected assessments of the individual resource systems. This paper presents the added value of an integrated analytical assessment approach. In doing so, it explicitly values various interdependencies and interactions between CLEWS primarily from an energy sector perspective. The island state of Mauritius was identified as a useful case study given its diverse climate, its increasing water stresses, and its policy focus on reshaping agricultural land-use and reducing fossil fuel imports. Several scenarios to 2030 were defined and analysed to demonstrate the tensions around the CLEWS nexus. Results from an assessment of the energy system with no modelled interlinkages to land-use, energy and water systems are first presented. Then, these are compared to those from an integrated CLEWS assessment. This serves to highlight important dynamics that would have been overlooked without such a systems approach. As an example, the added value of this approach is clearly demonstrated when rainfall reductions are taken into account, and where future land-use changes might occur.
|
|
| 33. |
- Welsch, Manuel, 1978-
(författare)
-
Enhancing the Treatment of Systems Integration in Long-term Energy Models
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Securing access to affordable energy services is of central importance to our societies. To do this sustainably, energy systems design should be – amongst other things – environmentally compliant and reconcile with the integrated management of potentially limiting resources.This work considers the role for so-called 'Smart Grids' to improve the delivery of energy services. It deals with the integration of renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change. It further demonstrates an approach to harmonise potentially conflicting energy, water and land-use strategies. Each presents particular challenges to energy systems analysis.Computer aided models can help identify energy systems that most effectively meet the multiple demands placed on them. As models constitute a simple abstraction of reality, it is important to ensure that those dynamics that considerably impact results are suitably integrated. In its three parts, this thesis extends long-term energy system models to consider improved integration between: (A) supply and demand through Smart Grids; (B) timeframes by incorporating short-term operating constraints into long-term models; and (C) resource systems by linking multiple modelling tools.In Part A, the thesis explores the potential of Smart Grids to accelerate and improve electrification efforts in developing countries. Further, a long-term energy system model is enhanced to investigate the Smart Grid benefits associated with a closer integration of supply, storage and demand-side options. In Part B, the same model is extended to integrate flexibility requirements. The benefits of this integration are illustrated on an Irish case study on high levels of wind power penetrations. In Part C, an energy model is calibrated to consider climate change scenarios and linkages with land-use and water models. This serves to assess the implications of introducing biofuels on the small island developing state of Mauritius.The thesis demonstrates that too weak integration between models and resource systems can produce significantly diverging results. The system configurations derived may consequently generate different – and potentially erroneous – policy and investment insights.
|
|
| 34. |
- Welsch, Manuel
(författare)
-
Europe's Energy Transition
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 3-6
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter sets the scene for the book by highlighting that "energy transition" is more than a catchphrase. Rather, the transformation of our energy system is an essential requirement to comply with international agreements and EU ambitions to curb climate change. It is also a reality that can already be witnessed today. This chapter outlines some key features of this transition focusing on energy supply in general, and more specifically on the electricity, heating and cooling, and transport sectors. The transition is however not just limited to these energy sectors, but will also affect the role of consumers, who are expected to form a much more central part of the energy system of the future. In addition to society, the changes foreseen will naturally also affect our economy, both regarding the required investments, but more importantly regarding the novel market designs that are needed to trigger these investments, while ensuring cost-competitiveness and system reliability. Numerous challenges are therefore ahead of us, challenges policy making in Europe will need to address.
|
|
| 35. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Europe's energy transition : Insights for policy making
- 2017
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Europe's Energy Transition: Insights for Policy Making looks at the availability and cost of accessing energy and how it significantly affects economic growth and competitiveness in global markets. The results in this book, from a European Commission (EC) financed project by INSIGHT_E, provide an overview of the most recent analyses, focusing on energy markets and their implications for society. Designed to inform European policymaking, elements of this book will be integrated into upcoming EC policies, giving readers invaluable insights into the cost and availability of energy, the effect of price increases affecting vulnerable consumer groups, and current topics of interest to the EC and ongoing energy debate. INSIGHT_E provides decision-makers with unbiased policy advice and insights on the latest developments, including an assessment of their potential impact. Presents answers to strategic questions posed by the European Commission. Coherently assesses the energy transition, from policies to energy supply, markets, system requirements, and consumer needs. Informed the EC "Clean Energy for All Europeans" package from end of 2016, e.g., regarding aspects of energy poverty. Endorsed by thought leaders from within and outside of Europe, including utilities, energy agencies, research institutes, journal editors, think tanks, and the European Commission.
|
|
| 36. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models - A case study on high levels of renewable electricity penetration in Ireland
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 135, s. 600-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efforts to meet climate change mitigation and energy security targets spur investments in variable renewable energy sources. Their implications for the operation of power plants are frequently investigated drawing on unit commitment and dispatch models. However, the temporal granularity and operational detail these models consider is commonly omitted in the broader family of long-term energy system models. To compensate this short-coming, these two types of tools have sometimes been 'soft-linked' and harmonised for limited simulation years. This paper assesses an alternative approach. We examine an extended version of an open source energy system model (0SeMOSYS), which is able to capture operating reserve and related investment requirements within a single tool. The implications of these model extensions are quantified through comparison with an Irish case study. That case study examined the effects of linking a long-term energy system model (TIMES) with a unit commitment and dispatch model (PLEXOS). It analysed the year 2020 in detail, applying a yearly temporal resolution that is over 700 times higher than in OSeMOSYS. Without increasing temporal resolution (and computational burden) we show that results of the enhanced OSeMOSYS model converge to results of TIMES and PLEXOS: Investment mismatches decrease from 21.4% to 5.0%. The OSeMOSYS analysis was then extended to 2050 to assess the implications of short-term variability on future capacity investment decisions. When variability was ignored, power system investments in 2050 were found to be 143% lower. This might imply that energy policies derived from such long-term models - of which there are many - may underestimate the costs of introducing variable renewables and thus meeting climate change or energy security targets.
|
|
| 37. |
- Welsch, Manuel
(författare)
-
Insights for Policy Making-About this Book
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Europe's Energy Transition. - : Elsevier. - 9780128098066 - 9780128099032 ; , s. 7-10
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter first presents the rationale of this book which reflects research that is undertaken by an independent research consortium, but in close dialogue with EU decision makers. It thus provides critical policy support to address some of the key energy system challenges. The science policy interface established by this research consortium ensures the relevance of this book to a wide audience, both from within and outside of Europe. This includes the European Union, government and international institutions, energy industries, research institutes, and civil society. We then provide an overview of the structure of this book, focused around key policy themes. We first present the current energy landscape, both in terms of the physical system and policy frameworks. The main part of the book then focuses on Europe's energy transition and the associated challenges. Key topics include energy supply, renewable market designs, flexible system operation, and society and consumer demands. The book concludes with an outlook on challenges ahead and policy recommendations.
|
|
| 38. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-Term Energy Systems Planning : Accounting for Short-Term Variability and Flexibility
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Renewable Energy Integration: Practical Management of Variability, Uncertainty, and Flexibility in Power Grids. - : Elsevier. - 9780124081222 ; , s. 215-225
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Limiting global climate change to +2 °C may require an increase of renewable electricity generation from a 20% share today to close to 50% by 2035, according to the International Energy Agency. As variable renewable electricity generation is expected to grow, so is the need for sufficient flexibility in power systems. This flexibility is required to be able to balance short-term variability in supply and demand while maintaining the system's reliable operation. Power system models are frequently applied to assess such operational issues. However, the focus of short-term balancing is commonly omitted in the long-term energy system models used to inform policy development.This chapter demonstrates the importance of considering such short-term balancing in long-term energy models in order to derive reliable power system configurations. It explains how reliability considerations are commonly considered in conventional energy system models and discusses the applied coarse temporal resolution. Further, it presents a selection of modelling approaches which address some of the short-comings of conventional models. It demonstrates that dispatch and capacity investments derived from long-term models may be significantly different if the system's short-term variability is not accounted for in sufficient detail. Policies based on such models may therefore support investments in technologies which do not provide the flexibility required to integrate increasing shares of variable generation.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling elements of Smart Grids - Enhancing the OSeMOSYS (Open Source Energy Modelling System) code
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 46:1, s. 337-350
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'Smart Grids' are expected to help facilitate a better integration of distributed storage and demand response options into power systems and markets. Quantifying the associated system benefits may provide valuable design and policy insights. Yet many existing energy system models are not able to depict various critical features associated with Smart Grids in a single comprehensive framework. These features may for example include grid stability issues in a system with several flexible demand types and storage options to help balance a high penetration of renewable energy. Flexible and accessible tools have the potential to fill this niche. This paper expands on the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS). It describes how 'blocks of functionality' may be added to represent variability in electricity generation, a prioritisation of demand types, shifting demand, and storage options. The paper demonstrates the flexibility and ease-of-use of OSeMOSYS with regard to modifications of its code. It may therefore serve as a useful test-bed for new functionality in tools with wide-spread use and larger applications, such as MESSAGE, TIMES, MARKAL, or LEAP. As with the core code of OSeMOSYS, the functional blocks described in this paper are available in the public domain.
|
|
| 41. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling Elements of Smart Grids for sub-Saharan African Countries
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the potential role of Smart Grids to electrify the poor. It showcases potential benefits specific to smart grids and provides a framework to quantify some of those for a stereotypical case. This is achieved by developing a simple energy systems model using the Open-Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS). The model and source code are made available for analysts and planners to test and extend the analysis. Finally, the paper interprets the results of the modelling, describes the limitations of the approach, presents the major findings and suggests a way forward.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Smart and Just Grids for sub-Saharan Africa : Exploring options
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 20, s. 336-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, an estimated 585 million people had no access to electricity services in sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike many other regions of the world, under current assumptions, that figure is expected to rise significantly to about 652 million by 2030-an unsustainable and unacceptable situation. Knowing of the intrinsic linkages between access to energy services and development, national governments and regional organisations have identified the urgent need for accelerated electrification rates. Some of the established and emerging concepts, systems and technologies grouped under the term 'Smart Grids' may offer an important contribution to achieving universal access to electricity. We argue that these Smart Grid advances may enable sub-Saharan African countries to leapfrog elements of traditional power systems and accelerate and improve electrification efforts. We introduce the notion of Just Grids to reflect the need for power systems to contribute towards equitable and inclusive economic and social development without marginalising the poor. The paper reviews the literature, and identifies specific options that could be implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. After selecting criteria that focus on potential impact as well as requirements for their implementation, a qualitative first-pass assessment of the potential of these options is made. This paper provides support for policy development, and suggests areas for further, more detailed research.
|
|
| 44. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Supporting security and adequacy in future energy systems : The need to enhance long-term energy system models to better treat issues related to variability
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 39:3, s. 377-396
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the shares of variable renewable generation in power systems increase, so does the need for, inter alia, flexible balancing mechanisms. These mechanisms help ensure the reliable operation of the electricity system by compensating for fluctuations in supply or demand. However, a focus on short-term balancing is sometimes neglected when assessing future capacity expansions with long-term energy system models. Developing heuristics that can simulate short-term system issues is one way of augmenting the functionality of such models. To this end, we present an extended functionality to the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), which captures the impacts of short-term variability of supply and demand on system adequacy and security. Specifically, we modelled the system adequacy as the share of wind energy is increased. Further, we enable the modelling of operating reserve capacities required for balancing services. The dynamics introduced through these model enhancements are presented in an application case study. This application indicates that introducing short-term constraints in long-term energy models may considerably influence the dispatch of power plants, capacity investments, and, ultimately, the policy recommendations derived from such models.
|
|
| 45. |
- Zakeri, Behnam, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Germany's energy transition on the Nordic power market A market-based multi-region energy system model
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 115, s. 1640-1662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU energy policy aims at creating a single European electricity market through market couplings and grid expansions. To analyse the implications of such power market couplings, we propose a market based multi-region energy system model. The model simulates a multi-region power market (by applying market optimization and network theory), with detailed representation of each region as an energy system (by simulation of both heat and power sectors). We examine the impact of further integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in Germany on the Nordic power market. The results indicate that the average electricity price slightly grows in the Nordic power market after Germany's Energy Transition (Energiewende). Hence, the economic surplus of Nordic consumers diminishes while Nordic producers improve their gain under new market conditions. Considering the gird congestion income, the overall system-level benefits (social welfare) will improve in the Nordic region after Germany's Energiewende. However, this gain is not equally distributed among different Nordic countries and across different stakeholders. Furthermore, the Energiewende slightly increases carbon emissions from power and district heating (DH) sectors, and reduces the flexibility in integration of VRE in some Nordic countries like Denmark. The direct interconnection of Norway and Germany through NordLink will contribute to the flexibility in wind integration in other Nordic countries, such as Denmark and Finland.
|
|
