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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, et al.
(author)
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The climatic response of thermally integrated photovoltaic-electrolysis water splitting using Si and CIGS combined with acidic and alkaline electrolysis
- 2020
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In: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2398-4902. ; 4:12, s. 6011-6022
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Horizon 2020 project PECSYS aims to build a large area demonstrator for hydrogen production from solar energy via integrated photovoltaic (PV) and electrolysis systems of different types. In this study, Si- and CIGS-based photovoltaics are developed together with three different electrolyzer systems for use in the corresponding integrated devices. The systems are experimentally evaluated and a general model is developed to investigate the hydrogen yield under real climatic conditions for various thin film and silicon PV technologies and electrolyser combinations. PV characteristics using a Si heterojunction (SHJ), thin film CuInxGa1-xSe2, crystalline Si with passivated emitter rear totally diffused and thin film Si are used together with temperature dependent catalyst load curves from both acidic and alkaline approaches. Electrolysis data were collected from (i) a Pt-IrO2-based acidic electrolysis system, and (ii) NiMoW-NiO-based and (iii) Pt-Ni foam-based alkaline electrolysis systems. The calculations were performed for mid-European climate data from Julich, Germany, which will be the installation site. The best systems show an electricity-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 74% and over 12% solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies using both acidic and alkaline approaches and are validated with a smaller lab scale prototype. The results show that the lower power delivered by all the PV technologies under low irradiation is balanced by the lower demand for overpotentials for all the electrolysis approaches at these currents, with more or less retained STH efficiency over the full year if the catalyst area is the same as the PV area for the alkaline approach. The total yield of hydrogen, however, follows the irradiance, where a yearly hydrogen production of over 35 kg can be achieved for a 10 m(2) integrated PV-electrolysis system for several of the PV and electrolyser combinations that also allow a significant (100-fold) reduction in necessary electrolyser area for the acidic approach. Measuring the catalyst systems under intermittent and ramping conditions with different temperatures, a 5% lowering of the yearly hydrogen yield is extracted for some of the catalyst systems while the Pt-Ni foam-based alkaline system showed unaffected or even slightly increased yearly yield under the same conditions.
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| 10. |
- Henry, C., et al.
(author)
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Women’s entrepreneurship policy : A 13-nation cross-country comparison
- 2017
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In: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth of women's entrepreneurship. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781785364624 - 9781785364617 ; , s. 244-278
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Public policy is a key element within the entrepreneurial ecosystem in that policy has the potential to shape venture creation behavior and entrepreneurial outcomes. In response to studies documenting a gender gap in entrepreneurial activity, government attention to women’s entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades. Nevertheless, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This 13-nation study draws on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused SME/entrepreneurship policies and to ask: How - and to what extent - do women’s entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus, highlighting countries where policy is weak but practice is strong and vice versa. Recommendations for future research are advanced.
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| 11. |
- Johnson, Kara A., et al.
(author)
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Structural connectivity predicts clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome
- 2020
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In: Brain. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 143, s. 2607-2623
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Deep brain stimulation may be an effective therapy for select cases of severe, treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome; however, patient responses are variable, and there are no reliable methods to predict clinical outcomes. The objectives of this retrospective study were to identify the stimulation-dependent structural networks associated with improvements in tics and comorbid obsessive-compulsive behaviour, compare the networks across surgical targets, and determine if connectivity could be used to predict clinical outcomes. Volumes of tissue activated for a large multisite cohort of patients (n = 66) implanted bilaterally in globus pallidus internus (n = 34) or centromedial thalamus (n = 32) were used to generate probabilistic tractography to form a normative structural connectome. The tractography maps were used to identify networks that were correlated with improvement in tics or comorbid obsessive-compulsive behaviour and to predict clinical outcomes across the cohort. The correlated networks were then used to generate ‘reverse’ tractography to parcellate the total volume of stimulation across all patients to identify local regions to target or avoid. The results showed that for globus pallidus internus, connectivity to limbic networks, associative networks, caudate, thalamus, and cerebellum was positively correlated with improvement in tics; the model predicted clinical improvement scores (P = 0.003) and was robust to cross-validation. Regions near the anteromedial pallidum exhibited higher connectivity to the positively correlated networks than posteroventral pallidum, and volume of tissue activated overlap with this map was significantly correlated with tic improvement (P < 0.017). For centromedial thalamus, connectivity to sensorimotor networks, parietal-temporal-occipital networks, putamen, and cerebellum was positively correlated with tic improvement; the model predicted clinical improvement scores (P = 0.012) and was robust to cross-validation. Regions in the anterior/lateral centromedial thalamus exhibited higher connectivity to the positively correlated networks, but volume of tissue activated overlap with this map did not predict improvement (P > 0.23). For obsessive-compulsive behaviour, both targets showed that connectivity to the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex was positively correlated with improvement; however, only the centromedial thalamus maps predicted clinical outcomes across the cohort (P = 0.034), but the model was not robust to cross-validation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the structural connectivity of the site of stimulation are likely important for mediating symptom improvement, and the networks involved in tic improvement may differ across surgical targets. These networks provide important insight on potential mechanisms and could be used to guide lead placement and stimulation parameter selection, as well as refine targets for neuromodulation therapies for Tourette syndrome.
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- Kautonen, T, et al.
(author)
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Researching Trust Empirically : A Note
- 2004
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In: Entrepreneurial strategies and trust. - Bremen : Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Univ.. ; , s. 26-34
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Manzanillas, L., et al.
(author)
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Development of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection at synchrotron facilities
- 2023
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1047
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In past years efforts have concentrated on the development of arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy. This is in stark contrast to the little effort that has been devoted to the improvement of germanium detectors, in particular for synchrotron applications. Germanium detectors have better energy resolution and are more efficient in detecting high energy photons than silicon detectors. In this context, the detector consortium of the European project LEAPS-INNOV has set an ambitious R&D program devoted to the development of a new generation of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection. In order to improve the performance of the detector under development, simulations of the different detector design options have been performed. In this contribution, the efforts in terms of R&D are outlined with a focus on the modelization of the detector geometry and first performance results. These performance results show that a signal-to-background ratio larger than 1000 can be achieved in the energy range of interest from 5 keV to 100 keV.
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| 18. |
- Martinez-Ramirez, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome : The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry
- 2018
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In: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 75:3, s. 353-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Collective evidence has strongly suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for Tourette syndrome.OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of DBS in a multinational cohort of patients with Tourette syndrome.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry included 185 patients with medically refractory Tourette syndrome who underwent DBS implantation from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, at 31 institutions in 10 countries worldwide.EXPOSURES Patients with medically refractory symptoms received DBS implantation in the centromedian thalamic region (93 of 163 [57.1%]), the anterior globus pallidus internus (41 of 163 [25.2%]), the posterior globus pallidus internus (25 of 163 [15.3%]), and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (4 of 163 [2.5%]).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Scores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and adverse events.RESULTS The International Deep Brain Stimulation Database and Registry enrolled 185 patients (of 171 with available data, 37 females and 134 males; mean [SD] age at surgery, 29.1 [10.8] years [range, 13-58 years]). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were present in 97 of 151 patients (64.2%) and 32 of 148 (21.6%) had a history of self-injurious behavior. The mean (SD) total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score improved from 75.01 (18.36) at baseline to 41.19 (20.00) at 1 year after DBS implantation (P<.001). The mean (SD) motor tic subscore improved from 21.00 (3.72) at baseline to 12.91 (5.78) after 1 year (P <.001), and the mean (SD) phonic tic subscore improved from 16.82 (6.56) at baseline to 9.63 (6.99) at 1 year (P <.001). The overall adverse event rate was 35.4%(56 of 158 patients), with intracranial hemorrhage occurring in 2 patients (1.3%), infection in 4 patients with 5 events (3.2%), and lead explantation in 1 patient (0.6%). The most common stimulation-induced adverse effects were dysarthria (10 [6.3%]) and paresthesia (13 [8.2%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Deep brain stimulationwas associated with symptomatic improvement in patients with Tourette syndrome but also with important adverse events. A publicly available website on outcomes of DBS in patients with Tourette syndrome has been provided.
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| 19. |
- Moro, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Results of a Multicenter Study on Subthalamic and Pallidal Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
- 2010
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In: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 25:5, s. 578-586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the 5 to 6 year follow-up of a multicenter study of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thirty-live STN patients and 16 GPi patienis were assessed at 5 to 6 years after DBS surgery. Primary outcome measure was the stimulation effect on the motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) assessed with a prospective cross-over double-blind assessment without medications (stimulation was randomly switched on or off). Secondary outcomes were motor UPDRS changes with unblinded assessments in off- and on-medication states with and without stimulation, activities of daily living (ADL), anti-PD medications, and dyskinesias. In double-blind assessment, both STN and GPi DBS were significantly effective in improving the motor UPDRS scores (STN. P < 0.0001, 45.4%; GPi, P = 0.008, 20.0%) compared with of regardless of the sequence of stimulation. In open assessment. both STN- and GPi-DBS significantly improved the off-medication motor UPDRS when compared with before surgery (STN. P < 0.001, 50.5%; GPi, P = 0.002, 35.6%). Dyskinesias and ADL were significantly improved in both groups. Anti-PD medications were significantly reduced only in the STN group. Adverse events were more frequent in the STN group. These results confirm the long-term efficacy of STN and GPi DBS advanced PD. Although the surgical targets were not randomized, there was a trend to 1 better outcome of motor signs in the STN-DBS patients and fewer adverse events in the GPi-DBS group. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society
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| 20. |
- Orsini, F., et al.
(author)
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XAFS-DET : A new high throughout X-ray spectroscopy detector system developed for synchrotron applications
- 2023
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1045
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The high brilliance and coherent beams resulting from recent upgraded synchrotron radiation facilities open the way for a large range of experiments, where detectors play a key role in the techniques and methods developed to fully exploit the upgraded synchrotron. For instance, one of the major limitations of XAFS experiment is the performance of the detectors. In order to be able to measure more challenging samples and to cope with the very high photon flux of the current and future (diffraction limited) sources, technological developments of detectors are necessary. In this framework, the germanium detector developed in the European project LEAPS-INNOV aims at improving several technological aspects. This type of detector represents a very important class of instruments for X-ray spectroscopy due to the fact that they enable to detect efficiently photons of considerable higher energy with respect to silicon detectors. The objective of this project consists in pushing the detector performance beyond the state-of-the-art. Preliminary layout and main choices for the design studies of this new detector are presented in this paper.
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| 21. |
- Smallbone, David, et al.
(author)
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Government and Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies : the Case of Small Firms in Business Services in Ukraine
- 2010
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In: Service Industries Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 30:5, s. 655-670
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Governments play a particularly important role for entrepreneurship development in a transition context, particularly with respect to their role in creating the institutional framework that enables and/or constrains entrepreneurship. This article explores how institutional change in Ukraine, resulting in institutional deficiencies, triggered new opportunities for small firms in the emerging business services sector. Drawing on data from a survey and in-depth case studies, the article illustrates the distinctive, albeit transient, nature of opportunities for business services firms in a turbulent environment, where government has yet to fully implement an effective institutional framework for productive entrepreneurship.
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- Welter, Friederike, et al.
(author)
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The nature of employment in Russian SMEs
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of RENT XIV (Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business), November 23-24, 2000, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 35. |
- Welter, Friederike, et al.
(author)
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What we know about the mothers of invention
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the International Council for Small Business (ICSB) World Conference, Turku, Finland, 13-15 June 2007.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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