| 1. |
- Cordes, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Radio-Based Positioning and Video-Based Positioning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cellular V2X for Connected Automated Driving. - : Wiley. ; , s. 223-249
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter provides an overview of state-of-art radio- and image-based positioning tailored to the localization of connected autonomous vehicles. It evaluates the achievable accuracy of video-based vehicle positioning. Therefore, the accuracy achieved in the 5GCAR Lane Merge Coordination use case, using a set of monocular cameras for vehicle positioning, is compared to the accuracy achieved in literature. The chapter addresses the technology and performance requirements of legacy solutions along with the details of time-based, angular-based, and video-based positioning. Some of the proposed methods closely follow the long term evolution and the new radio standards; others show more innovative solutions that can achieve a high level of accuracy. Video-based positioning requires additional infrastructure (camera installation), but the camera locations are flexible. In the 5GCAR project, a mast with 10 m height is chosen for installation. Finally, the chapter concludes with a comprehensive set of simulations highlighting the pros and cons of each solution.
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| 2. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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5G SLAM Using the Clustering and Assignment Approach with Diffuse Multipath
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 20:16, s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G communication systems operating above 24 GHz have promising properties for user localization and environment mapping. Existing studies have either relied on simplified abstract models of the signal propagation and the measurements, or are based on direct positioning approaches, which directly map the received waveform to a position. In this study, we consider an intermediate approach, which consists of four phases-downlink data transmission, multi-dimensional channel estimation, channel parameter clustering, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on a novel likelihood function. This approach can decompose the problem into simpler steps, thus leading to lower complexity. At the same time, by considering an end-to-end processing chain, we are accounting for a wide variety of practical impairments. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
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| 3. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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5G SLAM with Low-complexity Channel Estimation
- 2021
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Ingår i: 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G millimeter-wave signals are beneficial for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), due to their inherent geometric connection to the propagation environment. Channel estimators can exploit received signals to estimate multipath components in terms of delays and angles, which can be used in localization and mapping. Thus, a good channel estimator is essential for 5G SLAM. This paper presents a novel low-complexity multidimensional ESPRIT-based channel estimator and applies it to a 5G SLAM framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed channel estimator can accurately estimate channel information with low computational cost, with limited impact on mapping performance, compared to a tensor-ESPRIT benchmark.
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| 4. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Exploiting Diffuse Multipath in 5G SLAM
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) signals can be used to jointly localize the receiver and map the propagation environment in vehicular networks, which is a typical simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. Mapping the environment is challenging, due to measurements comprising both specular and diffuse multipath components, where diffuse multipath is usually considered as a perturbation. We here propose a novel method to utilize all available multipath signals from each landmark for mapping and incorporate this into a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture for the 5G SLAM problem. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
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| 5. |
- Kulmer, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Rough Surface Scattering on Stochastic Multipath Component Models
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. - 9781538660096 ; 2018-September, s. 1410-1416
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multipath-assisted positioning makes use of specular multipath components (MPCs), whose parameters are geometrically related to the positions of the transceiver nodes. Diffuse scattering from rough surfaces affects the observed specular reflections in the angular and delay domains. Based on the effective roughness approach, the angular delay power spectrum can be calculated as a function of location parameters, which-in a next step-could be useful to accurately characterize the position-related information of MPCs. The calculated power spectra follow reported characteristics of stochastic multipath models, i.e. Gaussian shape in the angular domain and an exponential shape in the delay domain. The resulting angular and delay spreads are in an equivalent range to values reported in literature.
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| 6. |
- Lakshminarayana, Subhash, et al.
(författare)
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Trade-offs in Data-Driven False Data Injection Attacks Against the Power Grid
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings. - 1520-6149. ; 2018-April, s. 2022-2026
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the problem of constructing false data injection (FDI) attacks that can bypass the bad data detector (BDD) of a power grid. The attacker is assumed to have access to only power flow measurement data traces (collected over a limited period of time) and no other prior knowledge about the grid. Existing related algorithms are formulated under the assumption that the attacker has access to measurements collected over a long (asymptotically infinite) time period, which may not be realistic. We show that these approaches do not perform well when the attacker has a limited number of data samples only. We design an enhanced algorithm to construct FDI attack vectors in the face of limited measurements that can nevertheles bypass the BDD with high probability. Furthermore, we characterize an important trade-off between the attack's BDD-bypass probability and its sparsity, which affects the spatial extent of the attack that must be achieved. Extensive simulations using data traces collected from the MATPOWER simulator and benchmark IEEE bus systems validate our findings.
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| 7. |
- Li, Zhixing, et al.
(författare)
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An Iterative 5G Positioning and Synchronization Algorithm in NLOS Environments with Multi-Bounce Paths
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - 2162-2345 .- 2162-2337. ; 12:5, s. 804-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G positioning is a very promising area that presents many opportunities and challenges. Many existing techniques rely on multiple anchor nodes and line-of-sight (LOS) paths, or single reference node and single-bounce non-LOS (NLOS) paths. However, in dense multipath environments, identifying the LOS or single-bounce assumptions is challenging. The multi-bounce paths will make the positioning accuracy deteriorate significantly. We propose a robust 5G positioning algorithm in NLOS multipath environments to mitigate the effects of multi-bounce paths.
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| 8. |
- Liang, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Trust-Based Distributed Kalman Filtering for Target Tracking under Malicious Cyber Attacks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Information Fusion. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-2535. ; 46, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of the widely used applications in wireless sensor networks, target tracking has attracted considerable attention. Although many tracking techniques have been developed, it is still a challenging problem if the network is under cyber attacks. Inaccurate or false information is maliciously broadcast by the compromised nodes to their neighbors. They are likely to threaten the security of the system and result in performance deterioration. In this paper, a distributed Kalman filtering technique with trust-based dynamic combination strategy is developed to improve resilience against cyber attacks. Furthermore, it is efficient in terms of communication load, only local instantaneous estimates are exchanged with the neighboring nodes. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach by considering random, false data injection and replay attacks.
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| 9. |
- Ma, Sugang, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient GPS-Free Vehicle Localization Algorithm Using Single Roadside Unit and Receiver
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications, NaNA 2018. ; , s. 310-313
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate vehicle localization is critical for connected and autonomous vehicles of the future. But it is challenging, especially in global positioning system (GPS) denied or urban environments. In this paper, we propose an efficient GPS-free vehicle localization algorithm by exploiting vehicle-to infrastructure communications. It is an on-board odometer and inertial measurement unit (IMU) assisted and single roadside unit (RSU) based approach. The available RSU position, speed vector and distance information between the RSU and vehicle are formulated as an over-determined system of linear equations. The linear least squares method is then utilized to estimate the vehicle position in a computationally efficient manner.
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| 10. |
- Ma, Sugang, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient V2X Based Vehicle Localization Using Single RSU and Single Receiver
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 46114-46121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High accuracy vehicle localization information is critical for intelligent transportation systems and future autonomous vehicles. It is challenging to achieve the required centimeter-level localization accuracy, especially in urban or global navigation satellite system denied environments. Here we propose a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)-based vehicle localization algorithm. First, it is low-cost and hardware requirements are simplified, the minimum requirement is a single roadside unit and single on-board receiver. Second, it is computationally efficient, the available V2I information is formulated as an over-determined system. Then, the vehicle position is estimated in a closed-form manner via the widely used weighted linear least squares (WLLS) method and meter level accuracy is achievable. Furthermore, the numerical performance of WLLS is consistent with the theoretical results in larger signal-to-noise ratio region.
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| 11. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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5G Positioning and Mapping with Diffuse Multipath
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1558-2248 .- 1536-1276. ; 20:2, s. 1164-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G mmWave communication is useful for positioning due to the geometric connection between the propagation channel and the propagation environment. Channel estimation methods can exploit the resulting sparsity to estimate parameters (delay and angles) of each propagation path, which in turn can be exploited for positioning and mapping. When paths exhibit significant spread in either angle or delay, these methods break down or lead to significant biases. We present a novel tensor-based method for channel estimation that allows estimation of mmWave channel parameters in a non-parametric form. The method is able to accurately estimate the channel, even in the absence of a specular component. This in turn enables positioning and mapping using only diffuse multipath. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
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| 12. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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5G Synchronization, Positioning, and Mapping from Diffuse Multipath
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - 2162-2345 .- 2162-2337. ; 10:1, s. 43-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G mmWave communication systems have the potential to jointly estimate the positions of user equipment (UE) and mapping their propagation environments using a single base station. But such potential depends on the characteristics of the reflecting surfaces, such as a deterministic specular nature, a stochastic diffuse/scattering nature, or a combination of both. In this letter, we proposed a 5G positioning and mapping algorithm with unknown orientation and clock bias for single-bounce diffuse multipath channel models. The method is able to accurately localize, calibrate and synchronize the UE, even in the absence of line-of-sight and specular components. This enables robust positioning and mapping using only diffuse multipath.
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| 13. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
A survey on 5G massive MIMO Localization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1051-2004 .- 1095-4333. ; 94:November 2019, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive antenna arrays can be used to meet the requirements of 5G, by exploiting different spatial signatures of users. This same property can also be harnessed to determine the locations of those users. In order to perform massive MIMO localization, refined channel estimation routines and localization methods have been developed. This paper provides a brief overview of this emerging field.
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| 14. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient Data-Driven False Data Injection Attack in Smart Grids
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP. ; 2018-November
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data-driven false data injection attack is one of the emerging techniques in smart grids, provided that the adversary can monitor the meter readings. The basic idea is constructing attack vectors from the estimated signal subspace, without knowing system measurement matrix. However, its stealthy performance is significantly influenced by the accuracy of the estimated subspace. Furthermore, it is computationally demanding, because full-size singular value decomposition (SVD) is required for model order selection. In this paper, we propose a truncated SVD based computationally efficient attacking scheme using only the first dominant eigenvector. Both experiment and simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Compared with the standard false data injection techniques with known measurement matrix, similar stealthy performance is achieved with a reasonable computational complexity.
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| 15. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Localization with Truth Discovery for Heterogeneous and Dynamic Vehicular Networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. - 1550-2252. ; 2020-May
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative localization over vehicular networks is challenging if quality varies among the collected multiple sources of information. These information sources are either from vehicle on-board sensors or remote sensing using vehicular communications. The variation in the quality of remote sensor information may cause estimation performance deterioration, even threatening the system security. In this paper, we propose a distributed localization framework with truth discovery for heterogeneous and dynamic vehicular networks. Firstly, it allows vehicles to learn which neighboring vehicles they should cooperate with. Secondly, it is resilient against the quality variation of the shared information between the connected vehicles.
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| 16. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Kalman filtering for robust state estimation over wireless sensor networks under malicious cyber attacks
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1051-2004 .- 1095-4333. ; 78, s. 92-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider distributed Kalman filtering for dynamic state estimation over wireless sensor networks. It is promising but challenging when network is under cyber attacks. The compromised nodes are likely to influence system security by broadcasting malicious false measurements or estimates to their neighbors, and result in performance deterioration. To increase network resilience to cyber attacks, in this paper, trust-based dynamic combination strategy is developed. The proposed distributed Kalman filtering scheme is resilient to random, false data injection and replay attacks. Furthermore, it is efficient in terms of communication load, only instantaneous estimates are exchanged between the neighboring nodes and compromised nodes localization is a byproduct.
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| 17. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Robust MIMO Channel Estimation from Incomplete and Corrupted Measurements
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 21st International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). - 9780996452762 ; , s. 1086-1091
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Location-aware communication is one of the enabling techniques for future 5G networks. It requires accurate temporal and spatial channel estimation from multidimensional data. Most of the existing channel estimation techniques assume that the measurements are complete and noise is Gaussian. While these approaches are brittle to corrupted or outlying measurements, which are ubiquitous in real applications. To address these issues, we develop a lp-norm minimization based iteratively reweighted higher-order singular value decomposition algorithm. It is robust to Gaussian as well as the impulsive noise even when the measurement data is incomplete. Compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, accurate estimation results are achieved for the proposed approach.
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| 18. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Tensor completion-based 5G positioning with partial channel measurements
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 339-344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G mmWave communication systems have promising properties for high precision user localization and environment mapping. Such information is of high value for emerging applications such as connected automated driving (CAD), and it has also potential to be explored to substantially improve efficiency and reliability of mmWave communications itself. However, the acquisition of such information cannot come with too large overhead in the system. Existing studies have so far relied on complete channel measurements, implying a prohibitive channel training overhead. In this paper, we exploit the possibility of 5G positioning using partial channel measurements. We utilize a tensor completion technique to recover the complete channel information from low rank channel measurements. Simulation results demonstrate the trade-off between user positioning accuracy and channel training overhead, and show that sub-meter precision with negligible performance loss is feasible at sample ratio reductions of at least 30%, and meter level precision is achievable with sample ratio reduction of 50%.
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| 19. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Tensor Decomposition-based Beamspace Esprit Algorithm for Multidimensional Harmonic Retrieval
- 2020
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Ingår i: ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings. - 1520-6149. ; 2020-May, s. 4572-4576
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beamspace processing is an efficient and commonly used approach in harmonic retrieval (HR). In the beamspace, measurements are obtained by linearly transforming the sensing data, thereby achieving a compromise between estimation accuracy and system complexity. Meanwhile, the widespread use of multi-sensor technology in HR has highlighted the necessity to move from a matrix (two-way) to tensor (multi-way) analysis. In this paper, we propose a beamspace tensor-ESPRIT for multidimensional HR. In our algorithm, parameter estimation and association are achieved simultaneously.
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| 20. |
- Wen, Fuxi, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Tensor Decomposition Based Beamspace ESPRIT for Millimeter Wave MIMO Channel Estimation
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2018 - Proceedings. - 2576-6813 .- 2334-0983.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a search-free beamspace tensor-ESPRIT algorithm for millimeter wave MIMO channel estimation. It is a multidimensional generalization of beamspace-ESPRIT method by exploiting the multiple invariance structure of the measurements. Geometry-based channel model is considered to contain the channel sparsity feature. In our framework, an alternating least squares problem is solved for low rank tensor decomposition and the multidimensional parameters are automatically associated. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by considering different transformation schemes.
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| 21. |
- Wymeersch, Henk, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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5G mm Wave Downlink Vehicular Positioning
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2018 - Proceedings. - 2576-6813 .- 2334-0983. - 9781538647271
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G new radio (NR) provides new opportunities for accurate positioning from a single reference station: large bandwidth combined with multiple antennas, at both the base station and user sides, allows for unparalleled angle and delay resolution. Nevertheless, positioning quality is affected by multipath and clock biases. We study, in terms of performance bounds and algorithms, the ability to localize a vehicle in the presence of multipath and unknown user clock bias. We find that when a sufficient number of paths is present, a vehicle can still be localized thanks to redundancy in the geometric constraints. Moreover, the 5G NR signals enable a vehicle to build up a map of the environment.
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| 22. |
- Xiao, Zhongyang, et al.
(författare)
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A Unified Multiple-Target Positioning Framework for Intelligent Connected Vehicles
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 19:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future intelligent transport systems depend on the accurate positioning of multiple targets in the road scene, including vehicles and all other moving or static elements. The existing self-positioning capability of individual vehicles remains insufficient. Also, bottlenecks in developing on-board perception systems stymie further improvements in the precision and integrity of positioning targets. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, which is fast becoming a standard component of intelligent and connected vehicles, renders new sources of information such as dynamically updated high-definition (HD) maps accessible. In this paper, we propose a unified theoretical framework for multiple-target positioning by fusing multi-source heterogeneous information from the on-board sensors and V2X technology of vehicles. Numerical and theoretical studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the framework proposed. With a low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coupled with an initial navigation system (INS), on-board sensors, and a normally equipped HD map, the precision of multiple-target positioning attained can meet the requirements of high-level automated vehicles. Meanwhile, the integrity of target sensing is significantly improved by the sharing of sensor information and exploitation of map data. Furthermore, our framework is more adaptable to traffic scenarios when compared with state-of-the-art techniques.
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| 23. |
- Zhang, Hailiang, et al.
(författare)
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5G NLOS Positioning with Multi-Bounce Mitigation by Iterative Weighted Least Squares
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps 2023. ; , s. 92-97
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G positioning is a rapidly developing area that presents both opportunities and challenges. Existing techniques for 5G positioning often rely on either multiple anchor nodes with line-of-sight (LOS) paths or single reference nodes with single-bounce non-LOS (NLOS) paths. However, identifying the LOS or single-bounce paths in dense multipath environments is very challenging. The multi-bounce paths will have a significant impact on positioning accuracy, particularly in urban environ-ments where there are many reflective surfaces. To address these challenges, we propose an iterative single anchor-based 5G positioning algorithm in NLOS multipath environments with multi-bounce path mitigation.
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