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- Höglund, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Low MHC variation in isolated island populations of the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-0621 .- 1572-9737. ; 16:4, s. 1007-1010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied variation at the class II gene of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in Natterjack toad populations (Bufo [Epidalea] calamita) on islands off the west coast of Sweden. These isolated populations have previously been shown to exhibit low levels of neutral genetic variation. On seven investigated islands we found only two different MHC alleles, indicating that the genetic variation at this locus is also low. The two alleles were found in all populations, although in one population there was only a single heterozygous individual. The Swedish toads showed similar low levels of MHC variation as revealed by previously published data from populations in northern Europe. We did not find a correlation between MHC and neutral genetic variation (as determined by AFLP). However, our findings show that reduced genetic variation in the Swedish Natterjack toads is not restricted to neutral markers, but is likewise reflected at the MHC.
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| 2. |
- Kitson, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Speaking Up for Fundamental Care : the ILC Aalborg Statement
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The International Learning Collaborative (ILC) is an organisation dedicated to understanding why fundamental care, the care required by all patients regardless of clinical condition, fails to be provided in healthcare systems globally. At its 11th annual meeting in 2019, nursing leaders from 11 countries, together with patient representatives, confirmed that patients' fundamental care needs are still being ignored and nurses are still afraid to 'speak up' when these care failures occur. While the ILC's efforts over the past decade have led to increased recognition of the importance of fundamental care, it is not enough. To generate practical, sustainable solutions, we need to substantially rethink fundamental care and its contribution to patient outcomes and experiences, staff well-being, safety and quality, and the economic viability of healthcare systems.KEY ARGUMENTS: We present five propositions for radically transforming fundamental care delivery:Value: fundamental care must be foundational to all caring activities, systems and institutionsTalk: fundamental care must be explicitly articulated in all caring activities, systems and institutions.Do: fundamental care must be explicitly actioned and evaluated in all caring activities, systems and institutions.Own: fundamental care must be owned by each individual who delivers care, works in a system that is responsible for care or works in an institution whose mission is to deliver care.RESEARCH: fundamental care must undergo systematic and high-quality investigations to generate the evidence needed to inform care practices and shape health systems and education curricula.CONCLUSION: For radical transformation within health systems globally, we must move beyond nursing and ensure all members of the healthcare team-educators, students, consumers, clinicians, leaders, researchers, policy-makers and politicians-value, talk, do, own and research fundamental care. It is only through coordinated, collaborative effort that we will, and must, achieve real change.
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| 3. |
- Muntlin Athlin, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptions of Fundamental Care needs in cancer care - an exploratory study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:11-12, s. 2322-2332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the experiences of the fundamentals of care for people with a cancer diagnosis, from diagnosis to after adjuvant treatment.BACKGROUND: More focus is needed on the experience of people living with cancer, as current cancer care more emphasises on independence and resilience without fully acknowledging that there will be moments in the cancer journey where patients will need 'basic nursing care' to manage their symptoms and care pathways.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of qualitative data.METHOD: Secondary thematic analysis of interview data from 30 people with a diagnosis of breast (n=10), colorectal (n=10) or prostate (n=10) cancer was undertaken.RESULTS: The findings revealed vivid descriptions of the fundamentals of care (i.e. basic needs) and participants described physical, psychosocial and relational aspects of the delivery of care. Both positive (e.g. supportive and kind) and negative (e.g. humiliating) experiences related to the relationship with the healthcare professionals were re-counted and affected the participants' experiences of the fundamentals of care. Participants' accounts of their fundamental care needs were provided without them identifying who, within the health care system, was responsible for providing these needs. Specific nursing interventions were seldom described.CONCLUSION: Some people with a cancer diagnosis have to strive for help and support from the nursing staff to manage to regain control over their recovery. Nurses in cancer care need to focus on the patients' fundamental care needs to optimise their patients' recovery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Östman, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Lower abundance of flood water mosquito larvae in managed wet meadows in the lower Dalalven floodplains, Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Wetlands Ecology and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0923-4861 .- 1572-9834. ; 23:2, s. 257-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the effect of vegetation management on mosquito abundance on the floodplains of the River Dalalven, central Sweden, we studied abundance of floodwater mosquito larvae (mainly Aedes sticticus) using a paired design, comparing flooded wet meadows that were mowed or grazed by cattle to those that were unmanaged. Two floods occurred during the study year (2012), the first in conjunction with the spring flood in May and the second after heavy rainfall in July. We used the standard mosquito dipper to estimate mosquito larval abundance along transects from the shore towards permanent water on each meadow. The number of mosquito larvae was on average lower in each managed wet meadow compared to the corresponding unmanaged meadow, both in May (71 % reduction, SD = 28 %) and in July (35 % reduction, SD = 79 %). However, there was substantial variation in the difference between managed and unmanaged meadows among pairs. We measured water depth, temperature, estimated proportion of open water surface, soil nutrient levels and micro-topology. Some of the variation in larval abundance could be explained by differences in local conditions. Mosquito larval abundance increased with nutrient levels and occurrence of tussocks, and decreased with water depth and percentage open water surface, especially among unmanaged wetlands. This study suggests that mowing or grazing may reduce the abundance of floodwater mosquito larvae in flooded wet meadows. In addition, vegetation management seem to have the greatest effect on mosquito larval abundance in nutrient-rich wet meadows where tussocks are abundant.
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