| 1. |
- Anderberg, B, et al.
(author)
-
The design of a 3 GHz thermionic RF-gun and energy filter for MAX-lab
- 2002
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 491:1-2, s. 307-313
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new pre-injector has been designed for the MAX-laboratory. It consists of an RF-gun and a magnetic energy filter. The newly designed RF-gun geometry will be operated at 3 GHz in the thermionic mode using a BaO cathode. The pre-injector will provide a 2.3 MeV electron beam in 3 ps micro pulses to a new injector system currently under construction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Joel, et al.
(author)
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New features of the MAX IV thermionic pre-injector
- 2017
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 855, s. 65-80
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation. The smaller 1.5 GeV ring is presently under construction, while the larger 3 GeV ring is being commissioned. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections from a full-energy injector. During injection, the electron beam is first delivered to the main injector from a thermionic pre-injector which consists of a thermionic RF gun, a chopper system, and an energy filter. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings, the electron beam provided by the thermionic pre-injector should have the correct time structure and energy distribution. In this paper, the design of the MAX IV thermionic pre-injector with all its sub components is presented. The electron beam delivered by the pre-injector and its dependence on parameters such as optics, cathode temperature, and RF power are studied. Measurements are here compared with simulation results obtained by particle tracking and electromagnetic codes. The chopper system is described in detail, and different driving schemes that optimize the injection efficiency for the two storage rings are investigated. During operation, it was discovered that the structure of the beam delivered by the gun is affected by mode beating between the accelerating and a low-order mode. This mode beating is also studied in detail. Finally, initial measurements of the electron beam delivered to the 3 GeV ring during commissioning are presented.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Emittance manipulation by first- and second-order lattice control
- 1997
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 387:3, s. 463-470
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lattice of the MAX-I electron storage ring has been investigated and tuned towards small momentum compaction values. By measurements of the synchrotron frequency, bunch length, horizontal beam size and beam movement, the beam has been found to behave in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the lattice model up to second order in energy deviation. Both longitudinal and horizontal emittance could be varied within a relatively large range with lattice changes and/or controlled beam energy changes.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Experiences with the narrow gap undulator at MAX-lab
- 1995
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 362:2-3, s. 586-591
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An undulator with short poles (period 24 mm) and extremely narrow gap (magnet gap 7.7 mm) using a squeezable vacuum chamber has been installed and is in operation at the MAX-lab 550 MeV storage ring. The device operates with a vacuum chamber aperture down to 6.2 mm. The behaviour of the storage ring concerning lifetime, emittance, tune shift and closed orbit is well described by conventional models. We present here the design of the device, the influence on the storage ring and the spectral characteristics, as well as comparison with expected theoretical results and an overview of the activities at the beam line.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(author)
-
Status of the new injector for MAX-lab
- 2002
-
In: 8th European Particle Accelerator Conference. ; , s. 772-774
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new injector for MAX-lab is built around two 125 MeV linacs [B. Anderberg, (2000)] equipped with SLED cavities [Z.D. Farkas, (1974)]. The electron beam is recirculated once to reach 500 MeV. A 2.3 MeV thermionic RF gun [B. Anderberg, (2000)] injects into the system. The RF-gun is put into operation and commissioning of the first linac is proceeding. Results from the thermionic RF-gun operation, linac commissioning and first beam operations are presented.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(author)
-
The MAX II synchrotron radiation storage ring
- 1994
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 343:2-3, s. 644-649
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A 1.5 GeV third generation storage ring optimised for the VUV and soft X-ray spectral region is currently being built at MAX-lab. The magnet lattice, ring architecture and production choices are optimised to fit within rather tight boundary conditions without sacrificing performance. In this paper, the magnet lattice, light characteristics, injection and technical solutions for the ring are presented.
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| 11. |
- Bahrdt, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Diagnostic Tools for the Undulator System of the Seeded HGHG-FEL at MAX-lab
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of FEL08. ; , s. 243-246
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within a collaboration between MAX-lab and BESSY a one stage seeded HGHG-FEL has been set up at Maxlab. BESSY has built the undulator system consisting of a modulator, a radiator and an electromagnetic chicane. BESSY has also installed three types of diagnostic tools: optical fibres for a fast Cherenkov beam loss detection, optical fibres for absolute dose measurements via their radiation-induced attenuation and THz detectors for the characterization of electron bunch properties. During first injections with a laser driven rf-gun the Cherenkov fibres have delivered detailed spatial information on the beam losses inside the beamline. Over the last year the second system, based on powermeter measurements, has detected a total dose of 180Gy. The high sensitivity and low drift of this system has been demonstrated. A THz detector behind the last dipole magnet close to the beam dump provides information on the bunch compression and the laser induced energy modulation. We report on the measurements performed with these diagnostics tools.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Björklund Svensson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Double-bunches for two-color soft X-ray free-electron laser at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2018
-
In: Proceedings of FEL2017, Santa Fe, NM, USA. - 9783954501793 ; , s. 269-272
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The ability to generate two-color free-electron laser (FEL) radiation enables a wider range of user experiments than just single-color FEL radiation. There are different schemes for generating the two colors, the original being to use a single bunch and two sets of undulators with different K-parameters. An alternative scheme was recently shown, where two separate bunches in the same RF bucket are used for lasing at different wavelengths in a single set of undulators. We here investigate the feasibility of accelerating and compressing a double-bunch time structure generated in the photocathode electron gun for subsequent use in a soft X-ray FEL at the MAX IV Laboratory.
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| 16. |
- Björklund Svensson, Jonas, et al.
(author)
-
Driver-witness-bunches for plasma-wakefield acceleration at the MAX IV Linear Accelerator
- 2017
-
In: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1743-1746
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration is an acceleration scheme promising accelerating fields of at least two to three orders of magnitude higher than in conventional radiofrequency accelerating structures. The scheme relies on using a charged particle bunch (driver) to drive a non-linear plasma wake, into which a second bunch (witness) can be injected at an appropriate distance behind the first, yielding a substantial energy gain of the witness bunch particles. This puts very special demands on the machine providing the particle beam. In this article, we use simulations to show that, if driver-witness-bunches can be generated in the photocathode electron gun, the MAX IV Linear Accelerator could be used for plasma-wakefield acceleration.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Brandin, Mathias, et al.
(author)
-
Status of the fel test facility at MAX-LAB
- 2007
-
In: ; , s. 513-516
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An FEL test facility is built on the existing MAX-lab linac system in collaboration between MAX-lab and BESSY. The goal is to study and analyse seeding, harmonic generation, beam compression and diagnostic techniques with the focus of gaining knowledge and experience for the MAX IV FEL and the BESSY FEL projects. The test facility will in the first stage be using the 400 MeV linac beam to generate the third harmonic at 88 nm from a 266 nm Ti:Sapphire seed laser. The optical klystron is installed and magnetic system, gun and seed laser systems are currently being finalised. Start-to-end simulations have been performed and operation modes for bunch compression defined. The linac and beam transport system is already in operation.
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| 20. |
- Brandin, Mathias, et al.
(author)
-
The Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Laser Project MAX IV at MAX-lab
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Physics Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 100
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The proposed MAX IV facility at MAX-lab, Lund University is presented. The project consists of two storage rings at 1.5 and 3 GeV respectively, a 3 GeV linac injector, a facility for short pulses and a Free Electron Laser. The storage rings will cover a broad spectral range and are designed to reach the diffraction limit in a large wavelength range. A new innovative magnet concept and lattice form the back bone of the ring design. Short photon pulses will be generated with compressed pulses from the linac system and coherent pulses by a Free Electron Laser operating in the HGHG mode. The project has received the highest marks in the scientific evaluations both concerning machine design and scientific program.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Curbis, Francesca, et al.
(author)
-
Commissioning of the test fel at MAX-Lab
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of FEL08. ; , s. 556-559
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An installation for testing techniques related to seeding and harmonic generation has been completed at MAXlab. The aim is to study the processes around seeded harmonic generation at 130/88/54 nm, the 2/3/5 harmonic of a Ti: Sapphire laser. During the spring 2008 the commissioning work has begun and this paper will report on the progress. The test FEL is built around the existing linac injector at MAX-lab. This source can provide 4-500 MeV electrons from an RF-gun. A combined laser system both driving the photo cathode in the gun and, synchronised via an optical fibre, the seed laser pulse has been put into operation. An optical klystron, consisting of two 30 period undulators and a 4-magnet chicane, is in operation. Beam loss monitors along the optical klystron are in use and a THz system for additional synchronisation studies installed. Results from electron beam optics and operation generating spontaneous radiation is already available and synchronisation results immediate. The work is in progress and new results are added continuously to the portfolio.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Curbis, Francesca, et al.
(author)
-
Towards an X-ray FEL at the MAX IV laboratory
- 2014
-
In: Proceedings of the 36th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2014. - 9783954501335 ; , s. 549-552
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design of the 3 GeV linac for the MAX IV facility was done to provide the ability to host a future FEL in the hard X-ray as well as in the soft X-ray range. The linear accelerator, with its two bunch compressors, is now under commissioning. Through the years increasing details for the actual FEL have been discussed and presented. In parallel a steering group for the science case for a Swedish FEL has worked and engaged a large number of Swedish user groups. These two paths are now converging into a joint project to develop the concept of an FEL at MAX IV. We will report on the paths to FEL performance based on the 3 GeV injector, FEL design considerations, the scientific preparation of the project, the linac commissioning and the strategy and priorities.
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| 30. |
- Cutic, Nino, et al.
(author)
-
An electro-optical system for MAX-lab test-fel facility
- 2009
-
In: ; , s. 685-687
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To get information about arrival of the electron bunch relative to the laser pulse; electro-optic detection scheme in near-crossed polarizer configuration was set up and tested. Electron bunch induced birefringence in ZnTe crystal leaves a polarization footprint in a chirped infrared pulse. The IR pulse is sampled before third harmonic generation from the amplifier, stretched and synchronized to the ultraviolet beam that is used for seeding. We report details of this setup and preliminary jitter measurements.
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| 31. |
- Cutic, Nino, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of the arrival time jitter at the MAX-lab test-FEL using electro-optical spectral decoding
- 2011
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 626, s. 16-19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electro-optical spectral decoding is used as an online diagnostic tool at the MAX-lab test-FEL to characterize the arrival time of electrons relative to the seed-laser pulse, measure the jitter between them and to measure the relative width of the electron bunch in order to optimize compression. Frequency characteristics of the jitter are presented. The measurements are used to get information on possible causes of the jitter and accompanying drifts. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Cutic, Nino, et al.
(author)
-
SEEDING OF THE TEST-FEL AT MAX-LAB
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of EPAC08. ; , s. 76-78
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The installation of the test FEL at MAX-lab has recently been completed. The system will be seeded by a tripled Ti:Sapphire laser (263 nm) synchronized to the RF system and the gun laser. Issues important for the seeding will be presented, ranging from the laser system via the layout of photon and electron optics to timing/synchronization and the theoretical approach.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Cutic, Nino, et al.
(author)
-
Vacuum ultraviolet circularly polarized coherent femtosecond pulses from laser seeded relativistic electrons
- 2011
-
In: Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams. - 1098-4402. ; 14:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have demonstrated the generation of circularly polarized coherent light pulses at 66 nm wavelength by combining laser seeding at 263 nm of a 375 MeV relativistic electron bunch with subsequent coherent harmonic generation from an elliptical undulator of APPLE-II type. Coherent pulses at higher harmonics in linear polarization have been produced and recorded up to the sixth order (44 nm). The duration of the generated pulses depends on the temporal overlap of the initial seed laser pulse and the electron bunch and was on the order of 200 fs. Currently, this setup is the only source worldwide producing coherent fs-light pulses with variable polarization in the vacuum ultraviolet.
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| 36. |
- Danared, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
Preface
- 2017
-
In: IPAC 2018 : Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 37. |
- Enquist, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
FemtoMAX - An X-ray beamline for structural dynamics at the short-pulse facility of MAX IV
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 25:2, s. 570-579
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The FemtoMAX beamline facilitates studies of the structural dynamics of materials. Such studies are of fundamental importance for key scientific problems related to programming materials using light, enabling new storage media and new manufacturing techniques, obtaining sustainable energy by mimicking photosynthesis, and gleaning insights into chemical and biological functional dynamics. The FemtoMAX beamline utilizes the MAX IV linear accelerator as an electron source. The photon bursts have a pulse length of 100fs, which is on the timescale of molecular vibrations, and have wavelengths matching interatomic distances (Å). The uniqueness of the beamline has called for special beamline components. This paper presents the beamline design including ultrasensitive X-ray beam-position monitors based on thin Ce:YAG screens, efficient harmonic separators and novel timing tools.The FemtoMAX beamline facilitates studies of the structural dynamics of materials on the femtosecond timescale. The first commissioning results are presented.
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| 38. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
A cascaded optical klystron on an energy recovery linac - race track microtron
- 2003
-
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 507:1-2, s. 470-474
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We are currently investigating a device capable of generating continuous, coherent radiation down in the Angstrom region in sub-ps pulses in a relatively compact set-up. By placing a cascaded optical klystron (OK) in the return path of a 3 GeV Race Track Microtron operating in Energy Recovery mode Harmonic Generation can be performed in several stages in parallel. A four stage OK can generate Angstrom radiation from a 266 nm seed. The demands on the electron optics are severe, but the requirements on the electron beam are not extreme. The layout of a possible facility is presented and the basic concepts are discussed below. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
A VUV undulator for MAX
- 1988
-
In: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A. - 0168-9002. ; 265:3, s. 587-595
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An undulator operating at radiation wavelengths between 250 and 2000 Å has been constructed at the Technical Research Centre of Finland and recently installed at the MAX storage ring in Lund. The undulator utilizes ferrite permanent magnets in the hybrid configuration. The magnetic and mechanical design, calculated performance and influence on the electron beam of the undulator are discussed.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
MAX-IV Design: Pushing the Envelope
- 2007
-
In: 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, vols 1-11. - 9781424409167 ; , s. 1277-1279
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The proposed MAX IV facility is meant as a successor to the existing MAX-lab. The accelerator part will consist of three storage rings, two new ones operated at 3 and 1.5 GeV respectively and the existing 700 MeV MAX III ring. The two new rings have identical lattices and are placed on top of each other. Both these rings have a very small emittance, 0.86 and 0.4 nm rad respectively, and offer synchrotron radiation of very high mean brilliance. As an injector, a 3 GeV linear accelerator is planned. The design philosophy and the special technical solutions called for are presented in this paper.
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
MAX4, a 3 GeV light source with a flexible injector
- 2002
-
In: 8th European Particle Accelerator Conference. ; , s. 686-687
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MAX4 ring is intended to be the future user facility at MAXlab. The high-brilliance 3 GeV storage ring, equipped with small gap, short period superconducting undulators, demonstrates a high mean brilliance over a wide photon energy spectrum. The ring itself is defined from the routine operation of the small gap insertion devices, which is reflected in the small aperture of the ring magnets. The development of future light sources, like the free electron laser and energy recovery systems, opens up new challenging possibilities to create high brilliance, short pulse radiation. This development is today far from being mature, a strong development of new ideas and techniques will most probably take place during the next decade(s). The MAX4 full-energy injector is constructed to incorporate these future developments. The proposed 3 GeV energy recovery race-track microtron will open up the possibility of topping up injection and to deliver Fourier transform limited spontaneous as well as coherent radiation up to the hard X-ray spectral region
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
The MAX IV Facility
- 2013
-
In: 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012). - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 425
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MAX IV synchrotron radiation facility is currently being constructed in Lund, Sweden. The accelerator park consists of a 3 GeV linac injector and 2 storage rings operated at 1.5 and 3 GeV respectively. The linac injector will also be used for the generation of short Xray pulses. Close to 30 straight sections will be available for IDs at the rings. The three machines mentioned above are described below with some emphasis on the effort to create a very small emittance in the 3 GeV ring. Some unconventional technical solutions imposed by the emittance minimisation are discussed.
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| 45. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
-
The MAX IV Synchrotron Light Source
- 2011
-
In: [Host publication title missing]. - 9789290833666 ; , s. 3026-3028
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The MAX IV synchrotron radiation facility is currently being constructed in Lund, Sweden. It consists of a 3 GeV linac injector and 2 storage rings operated at 1.5 and 3 GeV respectively. The linac injector will also be used for the generation of short X-ray pulses. The three machines mentioned above are described with some emphasis on the effort to create a very small emittance in the 3 GeV ring. Some unconventional technical solutions will also be presented.
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| 46. |
- Erny, Christian, et al.
(author)
-
Metrology of high-order harmonics for free-electron laser seeding
- 2011
-
In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examine the characteristics of high-order harmonics generated with 800 nm, 25 mJ, 160 fs laser pulses in an Ar gas cell with the objective of seeding a free electron laser. We measure the energy per pulse and per harmonic, the energy jitter, the divergence and the position stability of the harmonic beam. We perform ab initio numerical simulations based on integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation and of the wave equation within the slowly varying envelope approximation. The results reproduce the experimental measurements to better than a factor of two. The interaction of a frequency comb of harmonic fields with an electron bunch in an undulator is examined with a simple model consisting of calculating the energy modulation owing to the seed-electron interaction. The model indicates that the undulator acts as a spectral filter selecting a given harmonic.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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Opportunities and challenges using short-pulse X-ray sources.
- 2005
-
In: Second International Conference on Photo-Induced Phase Transitions: Cooperative, Nonlinear and Functional Properties. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 21, s. 87-94
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Free-electron lasers will change the way we carry out time-resolved X-ray experiments. At present date, we use laser-produced plasma sources or synchrotron radiation. Laser-produced plasma sources have short pulses, but unfortunately large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations and large divergence. Synchrotron radiation from third generation source provide collimated and stable beams, but unfortunately long pulses. This means that either the time-resolution is limited to 100 ps or rather complex set-ups involving slicing or streak cameras are needed. Hard X-ray free-electron lasers will combine the best properties of present-day sources and increase the number of photons by many orders of magnitude. Already today, a precursor to the free-electron lasers has been built at Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC). The Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS) has already shown the opportunities and challenges of using short-pulse X-ray sources.
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| 50. |
- LeBlanc, Gregory, et al.
(author)
-
MAX 4, A 3 GEV light source
- 2003
-
In: Proceedings of the IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. ; 4, s. 2321-2323
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A proposal for a new synchrotron light source, MAX 4, is presented. The main components are two identical storage rings operated at different electron beam energies and equipped with superconducting insertion devices. Small beam emittances will yield high brilliance radiation over a wide spectral range. A small horizontal emittance is achieved by using a large number of cells with gradient dipoles flanked by horizontally focusing quadrupoles. A small magnet aperture allows strong gradients in dipoles and strong sextupole components in quadrupoles. This results in an equilibrium emittance on the order of 1 nmrad. A full-energy injector, enabling top-up operation, will be a 3 GeV S-band linac with an energy doubling system. This opens up the possibility to produce short, intense radiation pulses, coherent as well as spontaneous.
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