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| 6. |
- Annadotter, Kerstin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Motiv för inflyttning till Dalen och Östbergahöjden samt inflyttades värdering av områdena : Arbetsrapport nr 5 i projektet Grannskapseffekter på områdesnivå- en fördjupad studie av bostadsrättsombildning i allmännyttan
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att få kunskaper om varför man flyttar till Östbergahöjden och Dalen samt vilka kvaliteter och eventuella problem de nyinflyttade upplever i respektive område. Metoden för att erhålla svar på frågorna är skriftliga enkäter där inbjudan att delta i en webbaserad enkät sändes ut via brev till personer som flyttat in till Östbergahöjden respektive Dalen under år 2014. Data på inflyttade personer 2014 erhölls från SPAR. Såväl brevet med inbjudan som enkäten var på både svenska och engelska. Antalet inflyttade år 2014 var 341 personer i Östbergahöjden och 320 personer i Dalen. Svarsfrekvensen efter två påminnelser blev totalt ca 12% i båda områdena, en mycket låg siffra.En analys av delgrupper av svarande indikerar att de som svarat kan anses vara representativa för de som har köpt en bostadsrätt eller fått en hyresrätt i respektive område. Priserna på bostäderna i Dalen och Östbergahöjden uppfattas som billiga och prisvärda. Det är den mest omnämnda orsaken för flytt till båda områdena. Man har kunnat köpa sin bostad eller köpa en större bostad. Man har i båda områdena i viss utsträckning flyttat från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt vilket talar för att områdena till del har fungerat som ett insteg på bostadsrättsmarknaden för de inflyttande.De svarande i båda områdena tillsammans bedömer att bostadsområdet de bodde i tidigare var tryggare, hade bättre rykte, att man hade bättre förtroende för grannar, att man tog mer hänsyn till varandra och att man höll mer rent och snyggt. Svaren per område visar att man i Östbergahöjden upplever att trygghet och områdets rykte är de faktorer där skillnaderna är störst och negativa jämfört med det bostadsområde där man bodde innan flytten.Att läget är centralt med goda kommunikationer och bra service är det näst mest omnämnda orsaken till varför man flyttat in, både för Dalen och Östbergahöjden. Andra ofta omnämnda orsaker till att flytta till Dalen är: ”nära natur, grönt”; ”trevligt område, fin arkitektur”; ”barnvänligt, bra skola, dagis ”samt att ”vänner, släkt har rekommenderat området”. Andra ofta nämnda orsaker att flytta till Östbergahöjden är att man ”flyttar ihop eller isär”; ”flyttat med släkt och familj” samt ”fick möjligheten; var tvungen”.Det bästa med att bo i både Dalen och Östberga är att områdena ligger nära Stockholms centrum. För Dalen omnämns också ”nära natur”; ”trevliga grannar, bra gemenskap”; ”trevligt område, ”fina innergårdar” samt ”bra lägenhet, stor lägenhet, billigt att bo”.Det mest omnämnda problemet med att bo i Östbergahöjden är ”anlagd brand”. Därefter kommer ”ungdomsgäng, knark, störande beteende, otryggt”, vilket också är de problem som omnämns mest i Dalen. I Dalen kommer därefter ”nedskräpning, dålig sophantering” samt ”dålig bostadskvalitet, planlösning, ljudisolering”.I Dalen upplever man att tex ungdomskriminaliteten minskat och att befolkningen håller på att gentrifieras. I Östbergahöjden fortsätter problemen med kriminalitet och bränder vilket oroar de boende. Östbergahöjden ser ut att lida större brist på socialt förtroende, gemenskap och samarbete än Dalen.
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- Hårleman, Maud, et al.
(författare)
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Significance of colour on room character : Study on dominantly reddish and greenish colours in north-respectively south - Facing rooms
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proc. Conf. Des. Emot.. - 9197507954 - 9789197507950
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we treat a study concerning room character due to colour appearance and spatial evaluation in different compass orientations. Rooms of the same colour, but observed in light from different compass orientation will appear differently; their identity colours will differ. The question now is if these circumstances are confined to colour impression or if they also cause a different room character. A study is made in Sweden in the Northern hemisphere in which two rooms, a north and a south-facing were used, Ninety subjects, evaluated and compared the experimental rooms, equal in all respects except quality of light in 118 empirical studies. The walls were coloured consecutively in six hues in two nuances; the inherent colours were six pinkish and five greenish, plus one yellowish and one bluish colour. Room character was described aided by semantic scales. Data were statistically processed using the SPSS 1 statistical program to analyse connections between spatial evaluation, inherent colour and compass orientation. NCS colour vocabulary was used. Finally, verbal descriptions with own words were used as a supplementary method to unfold nuances in response. The study show that differences in hue and nuance affect evaluation of room character. Subjects reacted distinctly different on pinkish and greenish rooms; they had separate colour connotations. Room compass orientation resulted in different evaluation through weakening or strengthening of associations linked to the colours by colour connotations.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Om kvalitet i Arkitektur
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presented report is a summary of the research program Quality in Architecture and Urban Planning. The aimed have been to develop concepts and theory regarding architecturalquality. ‘Quality’ is discussed by three different studies. The first is an analysis of quality criteriafor a Swedish architecture reward. Then architects’ views on quality management in the design processwere studied. The last study concerned debate on architecture in current daily press. Thechanging perspectives highlight the diversity of how ‘quality’ is perceived in the design and constructionprocess. The results are presented in five statements on ‘architectural quality’:1) The use of the concept can appear unclear and confusing,2) ‘Quality’ is an open and evaluating concept,3) The concept reflects a divide between architects and their customers,4) It is a value laden concept, as are the criteria used by professional practitioners judging the builtenvironment and5) Normative critique of architectures is based upon an external model, while interpreting critique isbased upon internal experience.
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- KARIMNIA, ELAHE, 1980-
(författare)
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Producing Publicness : Investigating the Dialectics of Unintended Consequences in Urban Design - Practices in Stockholm and Malmö
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The creation of public space is intended to contribute to the civic infrastructure of a city. The conventional dichotomy of intentions versus outcomes in urban design practice posits that, while intentions represent more abstract thinking about the various facets of publicness, outcomes are the manifest realizations of those intentions in public spaces. This study grounds itself in an exploration of this intention-outcome gap to examine how urban design facilitates the production of publicness, by means of which public spaces can enable appropriations, i.e., the practices of togetherness, encounters, and expressions of different publics. Analysing the appropriations as unintended consequences is about the planning and design process, by which publicness is produced through larger strategies; and, the process of use, by which publicness is socially experienced and contested.This research applies a comparative case study approach, as examples of brownfield developments and producing ‘city-like’ (stadsmässighet) urban environments in two practices in Sweden: the Liljeholmstorget Transit Hub in Stockholm and the Western Harbour Waterfront in Malmö. The Liljeholmstorget examines negotiations of land uses and trade-offs with private actors, and its publicness addresses informal togetherness and passive encounters in relation to collective routines of commuting and consumption. The Western Harbour Waterfront reveals a determined process to promote the city’s economic growth and image; planned for the well-being of a specific type of public, which was later contested by unexpected users and their unplanned expressions.Comparative analysis demonstrates appropriations as welcome phenomena in urban design because they emphasize the dynamic and contingent characteristics of publicness.
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| 12. |
- Klingborg, Kerstin, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Studying Social Capital in Housing Neighborhoods, does Tenure matter?
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As in Sweden in general, the municipality owns a large share of the rental multi-family housing stock through its’ housing companies. At present tenants are offered the possibility to buy the houses or the real estate units, from the municipal housing companies, in the form of tenant-owners associations. This extensive process of conversion of tenure will have major influence on the Stockholm housing market, also in respects such as the relationships between residents and between residents and the society’s institutions. The aim of our study is to analyze whether social capital, here in forms of trust and reciprocal norms as well as the resulting collective action and conflicts, changes with conversing tenure. Our hypothesis is that changes will occur and that the tenure form ‘tenant-owner’s association’ will imply residents’ stronger participation in decision processes than in rental tenure, which in turn should increase the social capital among residents. On the other hand, factors like increased mobility, due to the opportunity to sell the apartment, or conflicts that may occur between residents who choose to continue renting their apartment and the tenant-owner’s association- can lead to a negative influence on social capital. The data are collected through telephone interviews with residents at two occasions: spring 2008 and spring 2010. Ten buildings in five suburban neighborhoods are chosen for the study, five of which will be, as is indicated right now, owned by tenant-owners associations and five that will continue to be owned by the municipal housing companies. This paper analyzes the results of 350 interviews during spring 2008. Methods used are cross tabulations with Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, factor and regression analyses. Results indicate that residents forming tenant-owners associations in order to buy their dwellings have more trust in neighbors in the neighborhood and politicians at local and municipality levels but less trust in the housing company and the neighborhood police than residents that will continue renting their dwellings. Also indicated are local versions of social capital that do not seem to be related to the conversion process.
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- Kweyunga, Salome, 1951-
(författare)
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Tradition and Modernity in the Domestic Urban Kitchen Design in Uganda : A case of Kampala
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the design of modern domestic urban kitchens in Uganda. The research took place in Kampala, which is the capital city of Uganda. The cultural make up of Kampala residents is diverse; people come from all over the country of Uganda, as well as beyond. The fieldwork involved investigating daily practices taking place in the domestic urban kitchens of the middle income group. This has been done in order to find out the problems found in using the kitchens so that better designs may be suggested. The thesis addresses mostly, professionals such as architects, who are involved with planning and designing housing, specifically kitchens within them. This work can as well be useful to another country with a similar context to Uganda. It is worth mentioning that kitchen studies started to take place in developed countries about one hundred years ago, yet, they have never been initiated in Uganda, until this moment. The thesis indicates that a kitchen is an important part in a home, which is a busy area, thus demanding a lot of attention in order to be able to get the needed design requirements. While the findings of the thesis are based on the contemporary urban life in Uganda, it is not known what the future will hold; so suggestions are made to benefit contemporary needs.Practices in the urban kitchen have been investigated within the conceptual framework of tradition, modernity, culture and identity in connection with the kitchen designs in place. The research has been motivated by contradictions appearing to take place between modern kitchen designs and the actual practices taking place in them. Generally, the evolution of the kitchen design in some of the developed nations followed the trend parallel to developments in lifestyles, industrialization or women’s emancipation. Kitchen studies made in developing nations have investigated the particular contexts within those nations. So this thesis fills the knowledge gap which exists, as such studies are nonexistent within the Ugandan context.The study is qualitative by engaging the case study methodology. Here, the case is the interaction between the household, the kitchen design, the activities in the kitchen and the house type in place. Interviews have been conducted with household members in the studied cases, as well as with key informants. The main areas of study have been the way food is prepared, cooked and stored in an urban kitchen, and how these activities take place in a mixed situation of tradition and modernity. Seven cases in total have been investigated. The results indicate disharmony between the designs in place and the activities that take place in them. People have to negotiate and reinterpret spaces in their kitchens and around them in order to meet their needs.Some of the most important outcomes from this research is not to let modernity be disruptive but rather to allow the change from tradition be gradual. The thesis endeavors to blend the two phenomena of tradition and modernity so as to create a balance in design and end with better functioning kitchens. One example of such is shown for a one family house on a plot.
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| 14. |
- Magembe-Mushi, Dawah Lulu, 1972-
(författare)
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Resettling Displaced Residents from Regularized Settlements in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania : The case of Community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP)
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research seeks to examine the process of displacement and resettlement of residents who had been affected by regularization process within Manzese and Buguruni wards in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. It aimed at analyzing the issues and opportunities faced by the affected residents during regularization. The regularization which involves two processes, tenure and physical upgrading has been extensively used in solving problems associated with unplanned and informal settlements within developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It’s a process used to bring informal and unauthorized settlements into the legal, official and administrative structures of land management as well as improving the living conditions of its dwellers. In Tanzania, whereby more than 80 per cent of its urban residents live in informal settlement, the process had been practiced in order to provide basic services such as access roads, storm water drainages, street lights, water supply and public toilets within informal and unplanned settlements. Compared to previous strategies for upgrading such as slum clearance and site and services and squatter upgrading, regularization had been considered to bring positive results. The main concern of this research is physical regularization which was implemented through Community Infrastructure Upgrading Project (CIUP) within sixteen settlements in Dar es Salaam city. During its implementation, about twenty households of tenants and house owners were displaced. This research being explorative focused on understanding the process of displacement and resettlement by using qualitative method. This was done through narrations of traced and found six tenants and four house owners within the affected settlements of Mnazi Mmoja, Mnyamani and Madenge settlements. It applied case study strategy whereby the settlements made the main case study areas and the individual displaced residents became sub cases. Experiences before, during and after displacement and resettlement were narrated by using in-depth interviews. The selected settlements were obtained through criteria sampling whereby the individual displaced residents were found by using snow balling approach. Also resettlement issues and opportunities faced by displaced tenants and house owners were analyzed and the emerging patterns of issues and opportunities were identified. The issues include loss of access to common facilities, homelessness, marginalization and social disarticulation, family disintegration and joblessness. The opportunities include improved facilities, expansion of human competence and social opportunities, enhanced capabilities and improved social services. It was also realized that the issues suffered and opportunities accrued by house owners were different from that of tenants. The research examined the process of displacement and resettlement through policy and legal frameworks which guided the regularization. It also used the justice and collaborative theories in formulating concepts for data collection, analysis and discussing the results. During the discussions it was realized that there were emerging gaps in the process as it was indicated within the experiences of individual cases. These gaps include that of lack of real participation and democracy, insufficient knowledge on compensation level, insufficient community participation especially with the affected tenants. The research provides an indicative knowledge on regularization process which can further be used in improving the planning process.
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| 15. |
- Mushumbusi, Medard Zephyrin
(författare)
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Formal and Informal Practices for Affordable Urban housing : Case study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis attempts to ascertain the magnitude of the urban housingproblem in Tanzania and endeavours to evaluate the strategies that thegovernment has been employing to address this problem. Informal andformal practices in urban housing are compared. The role of networksand power relations are explored and discussed in relation to how theymay facilitate the provision of urban housing. By looking at urbanhousing from a governance perspective, the thesis explores thepotentials for delivery of urban housing A case study is carried out, looking at the housingpractices in urban areas from the perspective of actors and theirinstitutional domains of action. The aim is to ascertain the extent towhich the government, through its policies and through engagement ofother actors, could facilitate the supply of urban housing. The roles ofdifferent actors in the delivery and regulation of urban housing areinvestigated in the process of institutionalizing housing production. The study comprises eight chapters. The first twochapters present an introduction and the conceptual and theoreticalunderpinnings on which the research is based. Chapter three discusseshousing strategies in Tanzania and attempts to evaluate the regulatoryframework within which urban housing is provided. Chapter fourpresents the research methodology. Chapter five discusses findingsfrom the studied documents and findings from interviews with keypersons in the government and in the construction industry. Chaptersix presents findings from the case study areas. Chapter sevendiscusses findings from case study areas and uses findings fromchapter five as corroborating evidence. Chapter eight givesrecommendations including areas for further research. The main outcome of the study is that urban housing isstill far from being satisfactory despite different strategies and landand governance reforms by the government of Tanzania. The formalsystem is weak and the roles of key public actors are still bureaucratic,blurred and sometimes conflicting. As a result, there is littleparticipation of private actors and the civil society in the production ofurban housing. The thesis has found out that informal practices forurban housing tend to complement the weakening capacity of theformal system. However, the thesis argues that although the informalsystem of governance for urban housing is consolidating it proceedswithout being properly guided. Based on these findings, somerecommendations are given for policy intervention, and some areas forfurther/ future research are identified.
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| 16. |
- Noureddine Tag-Eldeen, Zeinab, 1960-
(författare)
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Cross-cultural knowledge development : the case of collaboraitve planning in Egypt
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Planning has lent legitimacy to the development of society through the application of different theories and practices. With its embodied concepts and values, planning influences the direction of change that a society may achieve. Given the great role that planning plays in shaping societies over long periods of time, in situations where it is planning knowledge that is subject to travel between nations, consideration of the context specificity is particularity essential. This thesis deals with the complex process of transferring collaborative planning knowledge to a different institutional and cultural context. The research adopts a proactive approach, examining the practical and theoretical potential imbued in a new context. It is argued, in this work, that an exogenous planning model has to be re-contextualized and landed in a new context through its assimilation with that context’s history and cultural values. The research focuses on Egypt and is directed towards understanding the specificities of the Egyptian institutional context and the cultural values inherited from the history of Egyptian society. The author’s interest lies in addressing the ways in which such an understanding can contribute to the development of collaborative planning knowledge. The research strategy is designed with reference to the cross-cultural transfer of knowledge and the study utilises an action research approach through which the author plays the dual role of practitioner and action researcher. Implementing collaborative planning in the Egyptian urban context of the city of Zifta provided a valuable opportunity to understand how planning knowledge may be transferred between different cultural contexts. The intellectual foundations for the collaborative principle is scrutinised, and complemented by an examination of Egyptian social philosophy. A conceptual framework for the joint development of knowledge in cross-cultural planning research is put forward, which derives from a combination of the practical and theoretical investigations carried out.
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| 17. |
- Omolo-Okalebo, Fredrick, et al.
(författare)
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Planning of Kampala City 1903—1962 : The Planning Ideas, Values, and Their Physical Expression
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Planning History. - Moon Township, PA : Society for American City and Regional Planning History, Sage Publications. - 1538-5132 .- 1552-6585. ; 9:3, s. 151-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The historical association between the planning of Kampala city and colonialism is unquestioned. The empirical observation indicates that the spatial structure of Kampala is partly a unique product of European colonial planning—their inherent ideas and principles. Scholars and analysts have largely ignored this important aspect in the assessment of planning of Kampala. This article attempts to fill the knowledge gap on the historical planning ideas and how the ideas were implemented in Kampala’s urban space. Through a descriptive and exploratory approach, and by review and deduction of archival and documentary resources, this article suggests two major factors including inter alia, the discovery of malaria and the germ theory, the need to reproduce ‘‘European type space’’ in Kampala affected planning and consequently, the urban structure of Kampala city in the first half of the twentieth century.
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| 18. |
- Omolo-Okalebo, Fredrick
(författare)
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The evolution of Town Planning Ideas, Plans and their Implementation in Kampala City 1903-2004
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through a descriptive and exploratory approach, and by review and deduction of archival and documentary resources, supplemented by empirical evidence from case studies, this thesis traces, analyses and describes the historic trajectory of planning events in Kampala City, Uganda, since the inception of modern town planning in 1903, and runs through the various planning episodes of 1912, 1919, 1930, 1951, 1972 and 1994. The planning ideas at interplay in each planning period and their expression in planning schemes vis-à-vis spatial outcomes form the major focus. The study results show the existence of two distinct landscapes; Mengo for the Native Baganda peoples and Kampala for the Europeans, a dualism that existed for much of the period before 1968. Modern town planning was particularly applied to the colonial city while the native city grew with little attempts to planning. Four main ideas are identified as having informed planning and transformed Kampala – first, the utopian ideals of the century; secondly, “the mosquito theory” and the general health concern and fear of catching „native‟ diseases – malaria and plague; thirdly, racial segregation and fourth, an influx of migrant labour into Kampala City, and attempts to meet an expanding urban need in the immediate post war years and after independence in 1962 saw the transfer and/or the transposition of the modernist and in particular, of the new towns planning ideas – which were particularly expressed in the plans of 1963-1968 by the United Nations Planning Mission. The post-independence era also saw the various ideas articulated under traditional land use and zoning practices especially expressed in the 1972 and 1994 plans. While a great deal of planning work has been done in both the colonial and postcolonial eras, findings on ground show that almost all planning ideas expressed in the colonial planning schemes of Kampala City in 1912, 1919, 1930 and 1951 have had physical impact on the spatial structure of Kampala City compared to any period after independence. The postcolonial era experienced little application and implementation of the planning ideas and plans. This is attributed to several factors including: governance issues, lack of financial resources and manpower, the complicated land tenure systems emerging from 1900 Buganda agreement, lack of political commitment, and importation of foreign models without reorienting them to the local context, and so forth. The study concludes by highlighting some of the reflections and the implications for future planning, considerations which perhaps may be useful for the planners of tomorrow and may influence the development of planning policy and perhaps „new‟ planning approaches.
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| 20. |
- Sandström, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Homes Evaluated.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Open House International. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Thiessen, Zara, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för ett framtida säkert boende : - Kunskapsöversikt och utvecklingstendenser beträffande boendets olycks- och hälsorisker
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förekomsten av skador och olyckor i bostäder är en stor kostnad för samhället och ger upphov till mycket lidande. Arbetslivets olyckfalls- och ohälsorisker är ett sedan länge uppmärksammat forskningsområde, medan olycksfall och hälsorisker i anslutning till hemmet undersökts betydligt i betydligt mindre utsträckning. Projektets syfte är att göra en kunskapsöversikt över dagens och morgondagens olycks- och hälsorisker i boendet, som ett första steg i fortsatt forskning på området. Studien behandlar också vilka tendenser inom boende och byggande som kan tänkas påverka utvecklingen av olycksfall och hälsorisker. Perspektivet sträcker sig mot år 2020. De metoder som använts är en litteraturstudie, för att visa i vilken utsträckning olika ämnen har belysts och vilka utvecklingstendenser som kan förväntas, samt halvstrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner, för att belysa olika aktörers syn på utvecklingen. Projektet gäller personrelaterade fysiska olycks- och hälsorisker i boendet. Fyra delteman har undersökts; 1) Hur kommer man att bygga i framtiden?, 2) Vad finns i bostaden?- inredning och utrustning, 3) De boendes preferenser och aktiviteter i bostaden samt 4) Den politiska styrningen av byggandet. Beträffande byggandets utveckling är energisparandet, som leder till att vi bygger tätare och mer välisolerat, en tydlig trend. Mer eller mindre oprövad teknik påverkar traditionellt byggda, redan befintliga bostäder liksom nyproducerade bostäder. Målet att åstadkomma en hälsosam inomhusmiljö har prioriterats ned till förmån för energivinster som uppfyller politiskt och ekonomiskt starkt förankrade mål. Mot bakgrund av klimatförändringen mot allt våtare och varmare väder är detta ett växande problem. Det finns ett mycket stort behov av renoveringar i det befintliga bostadsbeståndet. Lösningar i form av industrialiserat och standardiserat byggande är svårare att genomföra här än i nyproduktion, vilket gör renovering dyrt. Den ekonomiska och politiska utvecklingen kan leda till ett starkt polariserat boende, där vissa områden har betydligt sämre standard än andra. Nanoteknologin kan tänkas få ett stort genomslag, om den kommer att användas i många produkter till konsumenter. Här finns en allmän brist på kunskap om sådana materials miljö- och hälsorisker, men man vet att partiklarna kan passera igenom kroppsvävnader. Den åldrande befolkningens krav och behov ska tillgodoses i det befintliga bostadsbeståndet. Fallolyckor är ett stort hot mot svagare äldre och dessa olyckor orsakas ofta av inredningens utformning. Dessutom utgör de äldres bostäder arbetsplats för hemvårdens personal, vilket inte reglerats hittills i Boverkets eller Arbetsmiljöverkets anvisningar för utformning för arbete i bostadsmiljö. Utvecklingstendensen mot ökande användning av datorkommunikation i äldrevården innehåller en målkonflikt mellan individens integritet kontra övervakning. Boendes preferenser och aktiviteter i bostaden omfattar många aspekter av boendet och livet. Det strandnära byggandet kommer troligen att ha en stark kundkrets också i framtiden, med de problem detta kan innebära i samband med förändringen mot ett våtare klimat. De mindre resursstarka på bostadsmarknaden kommer troligen att få ökande svårigheter att hitta en bostad de har råd med, i ett läge de önskar. Växande segregation, både socio- ekonomisk och etnisk, är en utvecklingslinje. Hälsoproblem och sociala problem är vanligare i bostadsområden med segregation och trångboddhet. Utvecklingen mot högre alkohol- och narkotikakonsumtion förstärker dessa problem, liksom de kan vara en följd av dem. Människor kan förväntas tillbringa mer tid i bostaden, de yngre p g a arbete hemifrån och med underhållnings- och kontaktbehov tillgodosedda genom Internet, de äldre för att man inte har förmåga eller anledning att ta sig ut. En sådan utveckling kan förstärka ohälsoproblemet övervikt, liksom depression p g a ensamhet. Livsstilsproblem är svårare att definiera och åtgärda än problem orsakade av fysisk utformning. Samhällets lagstiftning och reglerande verksamhet beträffande olyckor och ohälsa i allmänhet står inför stora förändringar. Tendenserna internationell anpassning, avreglering och decentralisering är genomgående, med en omfördelning av ansvar från samhället till individerna som följd. Det medför att många fler måste nås av säkerhetsinformation för att kunna ta detta ansvar. Omfördelningen av ansvar kommer att ställa höga krav på myndigheter och organisationer att samordna sina budskap och kommunicera dem till många. Att olika aktörer utan inbördes samordning formulerar och strävar efter mål kan leda till suboptimering. Att inträffade olyckor kostar en aktör något är ett starkt incitament för denne att förebygga att kostnaderna uppstår. Det förhållandet bör kunna användas i den förändrade ansvarsstrukturen, för att uppmuntra förebyggande arbete. Olyckor och ohälsa knutna till bostaden ses som vardagliga risker, vilket påverkar hur de värderas och behandlas. Både kunskapsöversikt och intervjuer ger ett intryck av att många i bostadsbranschen inte tänker på skaderisker för boende utöver vad som är reglerat i lagar och förordningar. Detta gäller också de boende själva. Så länge inget händer tänker man inte på vilka olycksrisker som faktiskt finns. Slutsatser; • En stor mängd olyckor inträffar i eller i anslutning till bostaden, men hemmet ses som en trygg plats • Detta blir framför allt tydligt vid jämförelse med de krav som ställs på arbetsmiljöer • Ansvaret för olycksfall och ohälsorisker i bostaden är splittrat på många aktörer • Säkerheten för de boende ses sällan som en fråga för bostadsbranschens egna initiativ eller utvecklingsverksamhet • Intervjuade myndigheter och organisationer efterlyser en samordnad riskvärdering på politisk nivå, för att höja frågan • Det behövs en helhetssyn på faktorer som påverkar olycksfall och ohälsa, samt på insatser för att förändra dem Kunskapsbehoven är stora när det gäller förebyggande av olyckor i bostaden, liksom beträffande vissa hälsorisker; • Hur ska äldres bostäder med små medel anpassas till skiftande behov, hur kan äldre få information om skaderisker innan olyckan hänt, hur kan de ansvariga för den dagliga vården i hemmet och för sjukvården dra nytta av varandras erfarenheter? • Studier av vad informationsinsatser betyder för individers förmåga att själva skydda sig mot olycksfall kan ge underlag för bättre kommunikation av viktig information • Det saknas kunskap om påverkansfaktorer för olyckor i bostaden. Undersökningar av olycksförlopp kan tillföra mycket nyttig kunskap för att förebygga olycka • Hur ska byggbranschen påverkas för att ta in kunskap om hälsorisker i boendet och omsätta den i mer hälsosamma byggnader? • Sambandet mellan berusningsmedel och olyckor i bostaden behöver belysas, liksom förgiftningsfallen • Jämförande studier av övriga EU-länders strategier för att förebygga skador, särskilt ifråga om fallolyckor, blir allt mer aktuella
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| 23. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Boendeattityder till miljö- och kretsloppsanpassning : Drivkrafter och motkrafter i olika upplåtelseformer
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish political goals on environmental issues are set at a high standard and fulfilling them will affect the everyday life of all residents. Voluntary self-restraint from benefits in housing services is hard to implement. This is an empirical study on actual habits and on stated willingness for pro-environmental practices, related to different forms of tenure.Incentives and perceived control are important for predicting actions. Administrative and physical structures are more significant though, as are the households’ resources. Well–off homeowners have many incentives to conserve energy and water. They also have the highest frequency of pro-environmental behaviour. Still they cause the heaviest environmental impact, due to large dwellings and abundant car use. Households in multifamily housing have fewer incentives and lower frequencies of pro-environmental habits, but cause less environmental impact due to generally lower consumption.The results are of interest to planning authorities, housing managers and researchers, working with the implementation of pro-environmental behaviour in housing.
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| 24. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
-
Bostadskvalitet idag : en utvärdering av nybyggda bostäder, ur kundens synvinkel
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUKTION Bakgrund Syfte Kunskapsläget METOD Angreppssätt och avgränsning Intervjuer Observationer Expertbedömning av planer och inredning Urval Totalurvalet - läge, storlek och lägenhetssammansättning De undersökta projekten och intervjuade hushåll RESULTAT Bakgrund till bostadsvalet Överlåtelse och tillval Husets gemensamma funktioner Utemiljön Utsikt och insyn Parkering Posthantering Förråd Sophantering Tvättstuga och träfflokaler Bostadens tekniska egenskaper Temperatur Luftkvalitet och ventilation Ljudstörningar Rummen Köket Vardagsrummet Sovrum Hygienrum Förråd/klädkammare Entré Balkong eller terrass Bedömning av bostaden som helhet Ljus Öppenhet och genomblick Det bästa med bostaden Rumssamband och rummens storlek Expertbedömning av några bostadsexempel De boendes bedömning av samma bostäder Sammanfattning av resultaten Goda kvaliteter Kritiska punkter DISKUSSION OCH SLUTSATSER Konflikter mellan olika kvaliteter Förbättringsmöjligheter Bostadsutformningens utveckling
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Werner, Inga Britt, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Delprojekt 4- Socialt Kapital: En studie av ombildningsprocessen från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt 2007-2010 : Slutrapport
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den politiska majoriteten i Stockholms Stadshus tog i januari 2007 beslut om att hyresgäster som bildat bostadsrättsförening skulle erbjudas att köpa kommunalt ägda hyresfastigheter.Processen med ombildning av upplåtelseformer kommer att ha en betydande effekt på bostadsmarknaden i Stockholm, inte bara i termer av förändringar av utbud och efterfrågan av substitut: minskat utbud av hyreslägenheter och ökat utbud av lägenheter prissatta på marknaden i form av bostadsrätt utan också i termer av förändrad institutionell bas då upplåtelseformerna hyresrätt och gemensamt ägda bostäder i form av bostadsrätt är fundamentalt olika.Syftet med denna studie att undersöka och analysera huruvida det sociala kapitalet mellan boende i Stockholm förändras då upplåtelseformen för boendet förändras. Forskning visar att socialt kapital underlättar gemensamma handlingar. Att bilda bostadsrättsförening är ett exempel på en gemensam handling.Huvudhypotesen är att det sociala kapitalet i form av förtroende, normer och nätverk kommer att öka på grund av att ombildningen till bostadsrätt förutsätter samarbete mellan boende och deltagande i beslutsprocesser. Å andra sidan kan faktorer som skilda intressen orsaka konflikter mellan boende och istället minska det sociala kapitalet.Denna undersökning har pågått före och under ombildningsprocessen från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt. Projekttiden har inte omfattat förvaltningsskedet efter ombildning till bostadsrätt.Projektets syfte – att studera hur förtroende, normer, samarbete och konflikter i nätverken bland boende påverkas av övergång från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt- kräver ett både explorativt och analytiskt angreppssätt.Strukturerade telefonintervjuer med boende har kombinerats med öppna intervjuer med nyckelpersoner i bostadsföretag och bostadsrättsföreningar. Urvalet av fastigheter gjordes för att möjliggöra parvisa jämförelser mellan fastigheter med hyresrätt och fastigheter som var intresseanmälda för att ombildas till bostadsrätt. De jämförbara paren av fastigheter skulle vara så lika som möjligt i övriga avseenden, som läget i en viss förort, tillgång till service, kollektivtrafik och grönområden liksom beträffande storlek och lägenhetssammansättning. Totalt 10 fastigheter har studerats före och efter den tänkta ombildningsprocessen. Telefonintervjuer med de boende gjordes i två omgångar, i juni 2008 och i november 2010.I analysskedet visade sig de parvisa jämförelserna inte vara möjliga då ombildningsprocesserna inte utvecklats enligt de indikationer som förelåg vid projektstart. Istället har analyserna genomförts utifrån fyra kategorier: ”ingen intresseanmälan”- tre fastigheter, ”köpstämma men ej köp”- fem fastigheter, ”köpt fastigheten”- en fastighet och ”endast intresseanmälan” -en fastighet.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
-
How does the planning goal ’urban density’ correspond to people’s residential choices and everyday life? : Affordances in differing urban densities
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents the basis of a project recently funded by FORMAS, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning. Although there is consensus among planners and politicians that dense and compact cities are better for the environment than sprawling urban landscapes, much of what is currently being built is characterised by low urban density, ‘sprawl’. Generally researchers agree that ‘sprawl’ in industrialised countries is driven by rising average income and decreasing transport costs. Urban households can afford to demand larger dwelling units as well as daily travel long dis-tances. Individual decisions are aggregated into a force that governs the development towards ’sprawl’. The aim of the project is to analyse how urban environments can offer desired qualities, by studying households’ actual use and valuation of opportunities for work, service, leisure ac-tivities, culture and education within areas of different urban density. The contribution of the study will be a deeper understanding of what urban density means in the daily life of house-holds. The study will employ theories and concepts from planning research and environmental psy-chology. Urban density is a key concept. Range and variety of urban functions are then impor-tant additions to measurement of physical densities. Another key concept is ‘affordance‘. ’Affordance’ is here a quality or asset within a specific environment, which can be perceived and used by an individual for carrying out a certain activity. The main study is a survey covering around 2000 households within the Stockholm area. Four areas will be chosen, and around 500 households in each, admitting control for socio-economic subgroups. Study areas will be selected to illustrate different urban densities and structure, from inner city to garden suburb. The survey will cover blocks of questions con-cerning the most important affordances inherent in the actual environment of the household, such as place of work, shops, schools and social networks. The questions will be constructed to grade perceived, potential, shaped and utilised affordances in their environment. The concept of ’affordance’ will be tested as a tool for structured comparisons between urban areas regarding different aspects of density. The availability of affordances in different urban structures will be described and relationships between density, in all its aspects, and life styles can be tested.
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| 31. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
-
Kvalitetsutveckling i boendet-Värdeskapande processer, Rapport från tre fallstudier : Rissne i Sundbyberg, Berga i Linköping och Gottsunda i Uppsala
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research on housing quality is comprehensive and broad. Residents’ evaluation of quality is studied within a variety of disciplines. There is a fairly good knowledge on a general level regarding people’s values of housing quality. Safety and security, social relations to neigh-bours, the area’s reputation as well as the design of local environment and dwelling units have been shown to be important aspects of housing quality. The overall picture of how to strike the balance between certain levels of quality against input of resources from the housing management is not studied to the same extent. Different actors within housing management may have differing and even conflicting views of quality and efficiency. Short-term economical judgements can increase the risk of sub-optimisations. Substantial evidence shows that social capital is critical for increasing security and wellbeing in residential areas. The hypothesis is that the creation of social capital within a housing neighbourhood will raise housing quality and facilitate management. The purpose of this study was to analyse the creation of social capital in a housing neighbourhood context, to make the concept applicable in housing management. A complementary aim was to develop indicators for social capital in housing areas, useful for evaluating the effects of different measures. To find out new methods for the development of housing quality, the study applied case studies of housing management, for evaluation of quality efforts. A multi-disciplinary framework was adopted. Theories of social capital and models for value creation processes are the key concept in the project. The core of value creation processes is to produce more value at a given input of resources. The basic idea is that value can be created through the supply of goods or services in new ways or in a new form. The customer / consumer is part of the process and will, through this participation, experience a higher quality (Cars, Healey, Madanipour, Magalhães, 2002). Several theorists in sociology, for example Bourdieu and Coleman, have interpreted social capital. The starting point for this project is primarily the concept as coined by Robert Putnam: ”Social capital here refers to features of social organization, such as trust, norms, and networks, that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions.” (Putnam, 1993, p. 167). Social capital is seen a common utility, a form of capital that is not owned by individuals, but is created and growing in interpersonal relations, for example among neighbours in a residential area. Putnam (2000) and Lin (2001) discuss the epithets 'bonding' and 'bridging' in connection with SC. Bonding SC tends to exclude other individuals or groups, while the group that possesses the bonding capital benefits from it. Bridging SC will increase trust in other groups and structures in society and contribute to the identification and mutual cooperation with others. In residential areas SC can be a great asset, but the balance between bonding and bridging SC is critical. The study objects were management projects in a number of public housing companies. The criteria for selection of projects for the study were that their purpose should be to improve housing quality and / or trust and norms between companies and residents. There should be enough of accessible information on the measures taken and the projects should be fairly recent so that staff and residents of the company had clear memories of what happened before, during and after the process. The study covered four case studies, from different medium sized Swedish cities. Data were collected through interviews with key actors and residents, questionnaires to residents and document studies. The projects were compared regarding how they were designed to achieve their goals, and to what degree they managed to attain those goals. The intention was to find out more about the successes or failures in terms of management measures, regarding the enhancement of participation, security and social capital in the residential areas. The four case studies focused on very different types of measures. One project aimed at increasing perceived security in a residential area by introducing a special watchman who would offer protection, assistance and social control. Next project held youth activities for primary school children, to prevent youth delinquency. Sports clubs gave free instruction, the municipality offered venues for free and the school administered the activities in cooperation with the housing company. The third project was the renovation of outdoor environment and common areas like laundry rooms and entrances, in a residential area with social problems, to make the area more attractive. The fourth project was a campaign among tenants to counteract the perception of water as a free resource and in particular reduce the consumption of hot water. The results showed that the projects did not fully meet their stated objectives; to the extent it was possible to make such assessments. The companies had not ensured that there was data to verify the compliance to goals before they started their actions. Rather, the projects may be seen as building up experience in the housing management practice. The companies themselves have not mentioned the concept of social capital during the planning of the various projects. In practice though, the addressed management problems could be defined as stemming from deficits in social capital. Where the residents did not trust their neighbours there was a lack of bonding capital. If residents saw themselves as victims of circumstances, unable to influence their own situation, the bridging capital was missing. Social capital can be built from personal relationships between residents and housing companies and between the residents. With time bonding social capital is built up. This in turn contributes to the fostering of bridging social capital. When the residents see that commitment and work for the common good pays off in different ways, trust in the housing company will grow and in a longer perspective also trust in the surrounding society. To participate in the housing management and take on responsibilities can provide new life opportunities, such as an entrance ticket to the job market. The case studies showed that housing quality is a complex concept. It is a 'fresh product' that must be constantly maintained and developed. Various conditions can affect what is perceived as housing quality, and quality must be kept up all the time. To achieve the best quality as perceived by residents, it is a prerequisite that residents are involved to a high degree. Reasoning based upon literature and the empirical results suggests that important indicators of social capital in housing areas are related to trust, norms of reciprocity, social control, social networks and civic participation. With regard to if they are manifest on micro, meso or macro level, the indicators will take on different forms, discussed in a forthcoming article. The results have been presented at seminars with the housing companies, in teaching undergraduate students at KTH, in a report in Swedish, and in conference papers.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
-
Preferenser beträffande bostadskvaliteter : olika konsumentgruppers bostadsval
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällets finansiering av bostadsbyggandet har minskat radikalt. Nyproducerade bostäder erbjuds främst till kundgrupper med kapital. Därför är det viktigt att se på bostadsefterfrågan utgående från olika individers handlingsmöjligheter.I rapporten visas att hushållens livscykel bestämmer mycket av bostadspreferenser.Livsform, här utbildningsnivå och hemort, påverkar livscykelns skeenden. Livsstil är till stor del en produkt av livscykel och livsform. De grupper som har störst resurser har också störst möjlighet att utveckla livsstilar med betydelse för bostadsval.8 olika konsumentgrupper beskrivs, huvudsakligen ur Stockholmsperspektiv.Barnfamiljers starka önskan om småhus framträder, särskilt då andra barnet kommer. Högutbildade ensamstående kvinnor vill bo i innerstad nära kulturutbud, medan ensamstående män vill bo centralt ur kommunikationssynpunkt. De äldre par som säljer familjevillan har önskemål utöver sjönära bostadsrätt.Resultaten bidrar till att öka kunskapen också om de skiftande bostadsbehov som inte ger sig till känna på marknaden. Rapporten vänder sig till bostadssektorns byggherrar och till samhällsplanerare.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Residents’ Environmentally Friendly Attitudes and Practices: – Motivation and Barriers in Different Forms Types of Tenure
- 2004
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thise paper presents an empirical study of actual households’ daily habits and of their stated willingness for to adopt pro-environmental practices, relative to differ-ent forms of tenure. Economic incentives, linked to home-ownership, are shown to be significant in determining actions, as is perceived control. Well–-off homeowners have the highest frequency of pro-environmental behaviour, as measured in the study. Still, they cause the heaviest environmental impact, due to their larger dwellings and abundant car use. Households in multifamily housing have fewer incentives for and lower frequencies of pro-environmental habits, but cause less environmental impact due to their generally lower consumption. The results imply that the selection of target groups and the development of environmental policies need to be discussed assessed in relation to different life styles and patterns of consumption.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
-
Social Capital in Housing Management : The Concept as a Tool for Analysing Problems and Formulating Goals for Action
- 2007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no formal social housing sector in Sweden, but municipally owned housing companies have aresponsibility to take on all kinds of tenants. That means that they are often in charge of housing areaswhere many low-income households live, with ensuing social problems. This paper is based upon a studyof management practices in such housing companies. ‘Social Capital’, a concept widely used in thediscussion on how to fight crime and deterioration in socially burdened housing areas, is employed in thetheoretical framework. Here the concept is used as well as describing local social networks as, in particular,‘bridging’ towards the surrounding society.The applied method is case study of the attempts of three housing companies to remedy problems such ashigh crime rate, bad reputation and low demand for housing units in certain areas.The results of the case studies showed that the companies’ different ways of addressing complex problemsinherent in the housing areas were not based upon any definition on how means were related to goals.They were more or less examples of trial and error. Only one of the companies did discuss intentionallyhow they should better the reputation of a certain housing area, by doing a selective physical upgrading ofcommunal spaces and the out-door environment. They were concerned to engage the residents in theprocess.The analysis employed a ‘what if’ - approach regarding the use of ‘Social Capital’ as a tool for thecompanies when analysing and addressing their problems. The discussion concludes in a review of theconcept ‘Social capital’ and some suggestions on how to make it operational in the practice of housingmanagement.
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| 38. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Spelar kavlitet någon roll för priset?
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to show that architecturalquality in dwellings has an impact on purchase prices. This isperformed through an empirical investigation of 178 purchasesof flats in co-operative housing associations within GreaterStockholm. The studied dwellings are all in multifamilyhousing.The concept’architectural quality’is discussedand defined to match the purpose of the investigation. Thequalities of the dwellings have been rated according to fixedcriteria. Price data are asking prices from real estatebrokers’advertisements of sales.Investigation and analyses have been carried out by threedifferent methods: Statistical analysis in the form of multivariableregressions analysis, which required quantified measures ofquality. Enquiry to the buyers of the flats in the sample, ontheir evaluation of the qualities of the dwelling and theactual purchase price. Interviews with a small sample of buyers.Starting point for the analyses was a model for residentialchoice based upon location, dwelling area and payment to theco-operative housing association and the assumption thatdifferences in quality were of great importance for the finaldecision.The regression analyses did show that overall differences inarchitectural quality had significant impact on price in thesample of study objects.The enquiry showed that residents evaluated architecturalquality in common with the architect’s criteria, but thatthey also did evaluate many other forms of quality in adwelling before buying a flat. The balancing of differentqualities differed between buyers.Another result of the enquiry was data of purchase prices.Asking prices were a good estimation of market values, but theydid differ substantially from purchase price in some cases.The interviews increased the understanding of how differentcategories of buyers see and evaluate architectural quality.They also described which qualities in a dwelling that attractbuyers in their residential choice,As a whole the study has shown: It is possible to rate architectural quality inquantitative terms Residents and architects have many criteria in common intheir evaluation of architectural quality In the dwellings of the studied sample architecturalquality had an impact on price amounting to 10-15 %Key Concepts: Architectural Quality; Co-operativeHousing; Evaluation of Quality; Hedonic Prices; Model forResidential Choice; Quantified Measures of Quality; RegressionAnalysis
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| 39. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Spelar kvalitet någon roll för priset? : en studie av bostadsrättsköp i Storstockholm
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to show that architectural quality in dwellings has an impact on purchase prices. This is performed through an empirical investigation of 178 purchases of flats in co-operative housing associations within Greater Stockholm. The studied dwellings are all in multifamily housing.The concept ’architectural quality’ is discussed and defined to match the purpose of the investigation. The qualities of the dwellings have been rated according to fixed criteria. Price data are asking prices from real estate brokers’ advertisements of sales.Investigation and analyses have been carried out by three different methods:Statistical analysis in the form of multivariable regressions analysis, which required quantified measures of quality.Enquiry to the buyers of the flats in the sample, on their evaluation of the qualities of the dwelling and the actual purchase price.Interviews with a small sample of buyers.Starting point for the analyses was a model for residential choice based upon location, dwelling area and payment to the co-operative housing association and the assumption that differences in quality were of great importance for the final decision.The regression analyses did show that overall differences in architectural quality had significant impact on price in the sample of study objects. The enquiry showed that residents evaluated architectural quality in common with the architect’s criteria, but that they also did evaluate many other forms of quality in a dwelling before buying a flat. The balancing of different qualities differed between buyers.Another result of the enquiry was data of purchase prices. Asking prices were a good estimation of market values, but they did differ substantially from purchase price in some cases.The interviews increased the understanding of how different categories of buyers see and evaluate architectural quality. They also described which qualities in a dwelling that attract buyers in their residential choice, As a whole the study has shown:- It is possible to rate architectural quality in quantitative terms- Residents and architects have many criteria in common in their evaluation of architectural quality- In the dwellings of the studied sample architectural quality had an impact on price amounting to 10-15 %
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Werner, Inga Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Svårfångade kvaliteter: Erfarenhetsåterföring från fyra av Sveriges Arkitekters nominerade och prisbelönade bostadsprojekt
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I en nyligen publicerad avhandling konstateras det att få arkitekter följer upp sina projekt med beställare efter slutförande, och att nästan inga arkitekter utvärderar sina hus genom att ta till sig synpunkter från brukarna. Metoder för systematisk erfarenhetsåterföring saknas helt enkelt inom många arkitektföretag. Samtidigt är det tydligt att frågan om vems värderingar av kvalitet som skall vara vägledande långt ifrån är självklar. Spänningar finns inbyggda i triangelförhållandet mellan uppdragsgivaren, arkitekten och brukaren. Mot bakgrund av ett sådant fält av skilda värderingar kring kvalitet vill vi i den här skriften lyfta betydelsen av erfarenhetsåterföring. Utgångspunkten är en studie av hur arkitektkårens värderingar av bostadskvalitet jämför sig med de boendes i fyra bostadsprojekt som nominerats till, eller belönats med, Sveriges Arkitekters bostadspris. Har arkitekternas ambitioner om bostadskvalitet alls gått fram till de boende? Uppfattar man samma saker som kvalitet?Intervjuer har genomförts med Håkan Trygged, KUB Arkitekter, ansvarig arkitekt för flerbostadshus på Godhemsberget, Göteborg, nominerat och prisbelönat 2005;Karin Wingårdh, Wingårdh Arkitektkontor, ansvarig arkitekt för flerbostadshus vid Margaretaplatsen, Helsingborg, nominerat 2007; Peter Hulting, tidigare Meter Arkitektur, ansvarig arkitekt (tillsammans med Bengt Carlsson) för flerbostadshus i Kv. Fiskpigan, Trosa, nominerat 2007; samt Petter Lodmark, QPG, ansvarig arkitekt för radhus och flerbostadshus i Östra Balltorp, Mölndal, nominerat 2007. Intervjuerna belyser såväl förutsättningarna för de nämnda projekten, som en mer allmän diskussion om vad som formar arkitekters handlingsutrymme i dag.De boendes värderingar av kvaliteterna i samma projekt har undersökts med hjälp av enkäter. Frågorna har grundats på tidigare bostadsutvärderingsenkäter samt på de kvaliteter de intervjuade arkitekterna framhållit som de bärande i respektive projekt. Enkäterna redovisas dels i form av en sammanställning och analys av alla projekten tillsammans, dels med utgångspunkt i de boendes uppfattningar om respektive projekt.Enkäterna visade att de boende i stor utsträckning både uppfattat och uppskattat de kvaliteter hos bostäderna som arkitekterna beskrivit i intervjuerna. En jämförelse av vilka kvaliteter de boende ansåg uppfyllda, i förhållande till vilka de ansåg viktiga, tydde på att många kvaliteter uppfylldes i projekten – också sådana som de boende inte ansåg vara så viktiga. Här kom också fram kritiska synpunkter, särskilt på funktion och byggnadsteknisk kvalitet.Sammanfattningsvis ser vi att arkitekten – i speciella projekt, präglade av en tydlig arkitektonisk idé och med en kvalitetsmedveten beställare – kan få ett stort handlingsutrymme. Samtidigt är det tydligt att det generellt i dag förväntas en effektivitet och kostnadsmedvetenhet hos arkitekterna, som begränsar arkitektens möjligheter att genomföra sina ambitioner fullt ut. Vår genomgång har också visat att det finns en viss diskrepans mellan vad arkitektkåren identifierar som god kvalitet och vad brukarna identifierar som god kvalitet. Systematisk erfarenhetsåterföring från genomförda projekt är ett sätt för arkitektkåren att underhålla och utveckla kunskap om funktion och kvalitet i bostäder. Utan en sådan finns, menar vi, en risk för marginalisering av dessa frågor. God kvalitet är inte enbart någonting som finns inneboende i tinget i sig, utan något som upprättas i en relation mellan olika aktörer.
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| 42. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Sweden
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Sustainable Communities and Urban Housing. - Abingdon, Oxon;New York, NY : Routledge. ; , s. 55-73
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has a high sustainability index according to international comparisons. The Swedish policies regarding sustainability in housing focus energy consumption. These policies are relatively effective and broadly accepted, like f. ex. a number of targeted subsidies which have enhanced property owners’ investment in energy saving technology (heat-pumps, district heating….). The urban environment is generally healthy, as a result of regulations of urban planning. Housing quality is high, although differences are increasing.This growing gap of housing quality is driven by rising prices and affordability issues. Higher income households often ‘over-consume’ dwelling space, as transaction costs are high due to the rise of house prices plus taxes on the revenue from realisation of the current house value. The main part of new housing production is aiming at the upper end of the market for ownership tenure. Young, low income households have a steep entry to the housing market, as vacant affordable rental units are few. The distribution of dwelling space is uneven, as is security of tenure and housing costs.The pending challenge is an overheated housing market, where house prices are steadily rising. After deregulation of the former more controlled housing market, housing production has been slow to increase. Swedish households are on average indebted up to a level of 175 % of their net income (among the more debt laden European, source Riksbanken – The National Swedish Bank). This is a threatening home-made crisis. Swedish housing offers many high quality buildings and infrastructure designed to defer/postpone the climate change, but the immediate social demand of a higher supply of affordable dwellings is yet to be solved.
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| 43. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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The Liveability of the City : A study of living with children in different urban designs
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study of what quality of life the city is offering families with children. A substantial part of the Swedish population, of fertile age groups, lives in cities, where a dwelling could be very expensive. Families' residential conditions are supposed to strongly affect their quality of life, and, in the end, the rate of fertility. A sample of blocks of different of urban design in Stockholm will be studied, regarding what qualities the design of dwellings and urban areas can offer in the daily life of households with children. The study will be carried out partly by a survey, to gather background data to be analysed by statistical methods, partly by qualitative methods such as interviews, mind-maps and self-administered photo documentation of the neighbourhood. The project has a gender perspective as the internal decision processes of households, and thereby gender differences in how the near environment is valued, are objects of study. The results will be an overview of the actual dwelling situation of families with children on a tough housing market, as well as a series of examples of more or less suitable environments for their daily life. Based on these results, the complicated relationships between people's experiences, actions and the design of the built environment will be discussed. Conclusions will facilitate the evaluation of outcomes of different planning measures, for example regarding making problem areas more attractive.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Werner, Inga Britt
(författare)
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Urban Density : measuring spatial dispersion of activities and affordances
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a consensus among planners and politicians that dense cities are better for the environment than sprawling urban landscapes. The aim of the project is to analyse how urban density affects people’s actions and choices of residential location. The study employs theories and concepts from planning research and environmental psychology. Urban density is a key concept. Range and variety of urban functions are then important additions to measurement of physical densities. Another key concept is ‘affordance‘. ’Affordance’ is a quality or asset within a specific environment, which can be perceived and used by an individual for carrying out a certain activity. The main method is a survey covering a stratified randomised sample of 4500 individuals in stratified within the Stockholm area. The stratified study areas were selected on criteria of physical density, mix of functions and accessibility within the region. The survey covers important ‘affordances’ inherent in the physical environment of the household, such as place of work, shops, schools and social networks. The data are analysed with statistical methods. The paper concentrates on perceived affordances regarding workplaces. Preliminary results show that respondents’ perceived number of alternative workplaces within 1 kilometre from home has a positive correlation to both physical density and mix of urban functions. Any further away from home than 1 km, increasing perceived affordances had a stronger correlation to accessibility. Preliminary conclusions are that physical density as such seems to increase the amount of perceived affordances only within a very close environment of the home. The range of affordances widens considerably with increasing accessibility. Probably accessibility outweighs physical density as a factor for influencing people’s choices of residential location.
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| 46. |
- Werner, Inga Britt, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Varför flyttar unga kvinnor från Gälllivare? -och vad kan samhällsplanering göra för att locka dem tillbaka?
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är ett deluppdrag inom ett samarbetsprojekt mellan KTH, LKAB samt Kiruna och Gällivare kommuner. Den kraftiga utbyggnaden av gruvorna i kommunerna krävs omfattande stadsomvandling. Delar av Malmberget ska rivas och bostäderna flyttas till Gällivare. Gruvans expansion och ombyggnad ger arbetstillfällen men mest för män. Samtidigt pågår en utflyttning av unga kvinnor från Gällivare vilket påverkar både utflyttningsnettot och minskade födelsenetton. Situationen är expansion och kontraktion samtidigt. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga dels unga individers orsaker till utflyttning från Gällivare tätort och dels tankar och åsikter om Gällivares hot och möjligheter hos ett antal personer som arbetar inom olika myndigheter och företag i Gällivare. Metoden är kvalitativ i form av telefonintervjuer av de utflyttade individerna samt fokusgruppintervjuer utifrån forskarnas ställda frågor. Teorin är migration. Dokumentstudier om kommunens planer och stadsutveckling. Kritiska punkter i slutsatserna handlar om attityd av oföretagsamhet och bestluångest, man tvivlar på att förslag till förändring inte kommer genomföras. Den nedbrunna biografen som inte ersätts har blivit en symbol för uteblivna satsningar av invånarna. En annan iakkttagelse var att kommunens bristande samordning hos tjänstemän och institutioner kan motverka övergripande mål. I fokusgrupperna nämndes att kommunens kompetensförsörjning var ett stort problem. I telefonintervjuerna kom det fram att Arbetsförmedlingen anvisade flera personer att flytta på grund av bostadsbristen i Gällivare. Bristen av bostäder i Gällivare var en viktig del i att de intervjuade ungdomarna flyttat. Nya bostäder planeras och ett omfattande samråd och medborgardiskussion genomfördes. Slutligen brist på utbildningsmöjligheter och kultur kom upp som en nackdel för Gällivare som är en liten fysisk isolerad ort. Men det finns nya möjligheter samverkan inom kultur och utbildning. Att vända sig utåt och samarbeta om viktiga samhällsfunktioner som inte finns i den egna orten är Gällivares utvecklingsmöjligheter.
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