| 1. |
- Memisevic, E., et al.
(författare)
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Vertical InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb tunneling field-effect transistor on Si with S = 48 mV/decade and Ion = 10 μA/μm for Ioff = 1 nA/μm at VDS = 0.3 V
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2016. - 9781509039012 ; , s. 1-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a vertical nanowire InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb TFET with a highly scaled InAs diameter (20 nm). The device exhibits a minimum subthreshold swing of 48 mV/dec. for Vds = 0.1-0.5 V and achieves an Ion = 10.6 μA/μm for Ioff = 1 nA/μm at Vds = 0.3 V. The lowest subthreshold swing achieved is 44 mV/dec. at Vds= 0.05 V. Furthermore, a benchmarking is performed against state-of-the-art TFETs and MOSFETs demonstrating a record high I60 and performance benefits for Vds between 0.1 and 0.3 V.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Favre-Nicolin, V., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of strain and stacking faults in single nanowires using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging
- 2010
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) on Bragg reflections is a promising technique for the study of three-dimensional (3D) composition and strain fields in nanostructures, which can be recovered directly from the coherent diffraction data recorded on single objects. In this paper, we report results obtained for single homogeneous and heterogeneous nanowires with a diameter smaller than 100 nm, for which we used CDI to retrieve information about deformation and faults existing in these wires. We also discuss the influence of stacking faults, which can create artefacts during the reconstruction of the nanowire shape and deformation.
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| 4. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gelali, E, et al.
(författare)
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iFISH is a publically available resource enabling versatile DNA FISH to study genome architecture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1636-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (DNA FISH) is a powerful method to study chromosomal organization in single cells. At present, there is a lack of free resources of DNA FISH probes and probe design tools which can be readily applied. Here, we describe iFISH, an open-source repository currently comprising 380 DNA FISH probes targeting multiple loci on the human autosomes and chromosome X, as well as a genome-wide database of optimally designed oligonucleotides and a freely accessible web interface (http://ifish4u.org) that can be used to design DNA FISH probes. We individually validate 153 probes and take advantage of our probe repository to quantify the extent of intermingling between multiple heterologous chromosome pairs, showing a much higher extent of intermingling in human embryonic stem cells compared to fibroblasts. In conclusion, iFISH is a versatile and expandable resource, which can greatly facilitate the use of DNA FISH in research and diagnostics.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Girelli, G, et al.
(författare)
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Sequencing Genome Organization
- 2022
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. - 1018-4813. ; 30:SUPPL 1, s. 16-16
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Critical knowledge gaps and research needs related to the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 117, s. 132-138
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing understanding that the environment plays an important role both in the transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and in their evolution. Accordingly, researchers and stakeholders world-wide seek to further explore the mechanisms and drivers involved, quantify risks and identify suitable interventions. There is a clear value in establishing research needs and coordinating efforts within and across nations in order to best tackle this global challenge. At an international workshop in late September 2017, scientists from 14 countries with expertise on the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance gathered to define critical knowledge gaps. Four key areas were identified where research is urgently needed: 1) the relative contributions of different sources of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment; 2) the role of the environment, and particularly anthropogenic inputs, in the evolution of resistance; 3) the overall human and animal health impacts caused by exposure to environmental resistant bacteria; and 4) the efficacy and feasibility of different technological, social, economic and behavioral interventions to mitigate environmental antibiotic resistance.(1)
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| 11. |
- Memisevic, Elvedin, et al.
(författare)
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InAs/GaSb vertical nanowire TFETs on Si for digital and analogue applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop, SNW 2016. - 9781509007264 ; , s. 154-155
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical InAs/GaSb nanowire TFETs with diameters of 20 nm and 25 nm have been fabricated and characterized. The influence of diameter, gate-placement, and nanowire numbers have been studied. The best device shows a subthreshold swing of 68 mV/dec at VDS = 0.3 V and 26 μA/μm at VDS = 0.3 V and VGS = 0.5 V. It achieves a self-gain larger than 100 with high transconductance efficiency.
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| 12. |
- Rosca, T., et al.
(författare)
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An Experimental Study of Heterostructure Tunnel FET Nanowire Arrays : Digital and Analog Figures of Merit from 300K to 10K
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2018. - 9781728119878 ; 2018, s. 1-13
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we experimentally report the figures of merit of state-of-the-art heterostructure Tunnel Field-Effect-Transistor (TFET) arrays from room (300K) down to cryogenic temperature (10K) at supply voltages below 400mV. We demonstrate here, for the first time, that InAs/InGaAsSb/GaSb Nanowire (NW) TFETs are robust enough to maintain excellent figures of merit over a large temperature range even in devices with a large number arrayed nanowires (here, from 4 to 184 nanowires per device), accounting for technological variability. The investigated Tunnel FETs have temperature-independent min and average subthreshold swings of 45mV/dec/67mV/dec in large NW arrays, versus ∼36/45mV/dec in smaller arrays, once the trap-assisted tunneling is removed (from 150K down to 10K). In all NW arrays we observe improvement of the on-current and of maximum transconductance, gmax, at cryogenic temperatures, with very little dependence of temperature, from 150K to 10K. The paper reports that in the range 150K to 10K only band-to-band-tunneling dominates the analog figures of merit of Tunnel FETs; we measured transconductance efficiencincies higher than 60V -1 for small arrays (breaking the limit of CMOS at RT) and close to 42V -1 for large arrays, for supply volrages smaller than 100mV, offering the possibility to design future energy efficient readouts and analog-to-digital converters. In contrast with cryogenic MOSFETs, Tunnel FETs show almost no hysteresis (<24mV), steep transfer characteristics, are free of kinks in output characteristics, with a unique stability of the swing drift with T, and negligible threshold voltage drift in all arrays configurations.
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| 13. |
- Schenk, A., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of hetero-junction and oxide-interface traps on the performance of InAs/Si and InAs/GaAsSb nanowire tunnel FETs
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices, SISPAD 2017. - 9784863486102 ; 2017-September, s. 273-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fabricated InAs/Si and InAs/GaAsSb vertical nanowire tunnel FETs are analyzed by physics-based TCAD with emphasis on the impact of hetero-junction and oxide-interface traps on their performance. After careful fitting of a minimum set of parameters, the effects of diameter scaling and gate alignment are predicted. Trap-assisted tunneling at the oxide interface is suppressed by scaling the diameter into the volume-inversion regime. Gate alignment steepens the slope and increases the ON-current. The 'trap-tolerant' device geometry can result in a small sub-threshold swing despite commonly present trap concentrations.
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| 14. |
- Wernersson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Orientational Dependence of the Affinity of Guanidinium Ions to the Water Surface
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 115:43, s. 12521-12526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavior of guanidinium chloride at the surface of aqueous solutions is investigated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that the population of guanidinium ions oriented parallel to the interface is greater in the surface region than in bulk. The opposite is true for ions in other orientations. Overall, guanidinium chloride is depleted in the surface region, in agreement with the fact that the addition of guanidinium chloride increases the surface tension of water. The orientational dependence of the surface affinity of the guanidinium cation is related to its anisotropic hydration. To bring the ion to the surface in the parallel orientation does not require hydrogen bonds to be broken, in contrast to other orientations. The surface enrichment of parallel-oriented guanidinium indicates that its solvation is more favorable near the surface than in bulk solution for this orientation. The dependence of the bulk and surface properties of guanidinium on the force field parameters is also investigated. Despite significant quantitative differences between the force fields, the surface behavior is qualitatively robust. The implications for the orientations of the guanidinium groups of arginine side chains on protein surfaces are also outlined.
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| 15. |
- Zhang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Projected performance of experimental InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb TFET as millimeter-wave detector
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Unified Conference, S3S 2017. - 9781538637654 ; 2018-March, s. 1-2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on measurements of a vertical nanowire InAs/GaAsSb/GaSb tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) that exhibited minimum subthreshold swing of 48 mV/dec and a record high I60 of 0.31 μA/μm, a SPICE model has been generated to allow an experimentally-based prediction of the nanowire TFET technology. At 30 GHz the detector has been simulated to reveal a sensitivity of 4.8 kV/W biased near zero volts (VGS =-0.06 V, VDS = 0.1 V). A maximum sensitivity of over 4000 kV/W has been obtained under biased conditions. These results exceed prior measurements of an In0.53Ga0.47As/GaAs0.5Sb0.5 heterojunction TFET by over an order of magnitude.
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| 16. |
- Zota, C. B., et al.
(författare)
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High-frequency InGaAs tri-gate MOSFETs with fmax of 400 GHz
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 52:22, s. 1869-1871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extremely scaled down tri-gate RF metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) utilising lateral nanowires as the channel, with gate length and nanowire width both of 20 nm are reported. These devices exhibit simultaneous extrapolated ft and fmax of 275 and 400 GHz at VDS = 0.5 V, which is the largest combined ft and fmax, as well as the largest fmax reported for all III-V MOSFETs.
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| 17. |
- Andersen, André, et al.
(författare)
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As-deposited ferroelectric HZO on a III–V semiconductor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 121:1, s. 012901-012901
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By electrical characterization of thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition, HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) is shown to be ferroelectric as-deposited, i.e., without any annealing step, using a thermal budget of 300 °C. By fabricating laminated HZO films rather than the traditional solid-solution HZO, a remanent polarization of Pr = 11 μC/cm2 and endurance exceeding 106 are obtained. Films grown on thermally reactive InAs semiconductor substrates showed capacitance–voltage modulation and hysteresis, which varied depending on interfacial oxide construction. Additionally, a trade-off between higher polarization and lower gate leakage was found when comparing different laminate structures and deposition temperatures. Scaling the thickness of the laminated oxides revealed that films remain ferroelectric at 6.5 nm with an increased breakdown field for thinner devices.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Athle, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Endurance of Ferroelectric HfxZr1–xO2 Integrated on InAs Using Millisecond Annealing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 9:27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroelectric HfxZr1–xO2 (HZO) is typically achieved by crystallization of an amorphous thin film via rapid thermal processing (RTP) at time scales of seconds to minutes. For integration on III–V semiconductors, this approach can severely degrade the sensitive HZO/III–V interface. To evaluate whether a reduced thermal budget can improve the interface quality, millisecond duration thermal anneals are utilized using a flash lamp annealer (FLA) on HZO/InAs capacitors. Through thorough electrical characterization such as polarization hysteresis, endurance, and capacitance-voltage measurements, as well as synchrotron-based chemical interface characterization, the FLA and RTP treatments are compared and the FLA results are found in lower interface defect density and higher endurance, but also have generally lower remanent polarization (Pr) compared to RTP. Additionally, ways to achieve high Pr and low interface defect density using multiple lower energy flashes, as well as by pre-crystallization during the ALD growth step are investigated. Using FLA, Pr exceeding 20 µC cm−2 is achieved, with extended endurance properties compared to RTP treatment and a considerably decreased defect density, indicative of a higher quality HZO/InAs interface. This work presents valuable insight into the successful integration of ferroelectric HZO on low thermal budget III–V semiconductors.
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| 20. |
- Ballarino, R, et al.
(författare)
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An atlas of endogenous DNA double-strand breaks arising during human neural cell fate determination
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1, s. 400-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurring in neural cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Currently, a genomic map of endogenous DSBs arising during human neurogenesis is missing. Here, we applied in-suspension Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (sBLISS), RNA-Seq, and Hi-C to chart the genomic landscape of DSBs and relate it to gene expression and genome architecture in 2D cultures of human neuroepithelial stem cells (NES), neural progenitor cells (NPC), and post-mitotic neural cells (NEU). Endogenous DSBs were enriched at the promoter and along the gene body of transcriptionally active genes, at the borders of topologically associating domains (TADs), and around chromatin loop anchors. NDD risk genes harbored significantly more DSBs in comparison to other protein-coding genes, especially in NEU cells. We provide sBLISS, RNA-Seq, and Hi-C datasets for each differentiation stage, and all the scripts needed to reproduce our analyses. Our datasets and tools represent a unique resource that can be harnessed to investigate the role of genome fragility in the pathogenesis of NDDs.
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| 21. |
- Burian, Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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A community-based evaluation of population growth and agro-pastoralist resilience in Sub-Saharan drylands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 92, s. 323-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human population growth is considered together with climate warming as major driver of change in Sub-Saharan Africa. Research on the implications of increased population densities often utilises community knowledge but without incorporating the view of local stakeholders. In this study, we applied a community centred approach to assess direct and indirect consequences of population growth in drylands of north-western Kenya. Combined social, agricultural and geo-spatial analyses allowed us to identify major system transitions, determine their linkage to population growth and deduce consequences for local livelihoods and community resilience. Community-members reported positive and negative consequences of fourfold population growth since 1974 but evaluated its overall effect as clearly beneficial. This overall positive effect was based on both, positive developments and the successful mitigation of potential system stressors. First, food security was maintained despite high growth rates because a shift from migratory pastoralism to a more labour-intensive agro-pastoralist system helped to increase agricultural productivity. Additionally, land-use changes were linked to land privatisation and improved erosion protection on private land, decoupling population growth from environmental degradation. We detected, however also early warning signs of reduced community resilience as households were unable to fully recover livestock densities after catastrophic events. A population-growth driven reduction in household land-sizes and the decreased monetary value of agricultural production were identified as drivers of this development. The extrapolation of our results to establish a general relationship between population densities, land-use and household resilience in Sub-Saharan drylands suggest that further system transformations will be required to ensure regional food-security.
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| 22. |
- Cherkaoui, K., et al.
(författare)
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High-k/InGaAs interface defects at cryogenic temperature
- 2023
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - 0038-1101. ; 207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide defects in the high-k/InGaAs MOS system are investigated. The behaviour of these traps is explored from room temperature down to 10 K. This study reveals that the exchange of free carriers between oxide states and either the conduction or the valence band is strongly temperature dependant. The capture and emission of electrons is strongly suppressed at 10 K as demonstrated by the collapse of the capacitance frequency dispersion in accumulation for n-InGaAs MOS devices, though hysteresis in the C-V sweeps is still present at 10 K. Phonon assisted tunnelling processes are considered in the simulation of electrical characteristics. The simulated data match very well the experimental characteristics and provide energy and spatial mapping of oxide defects. The multi phonon theory also help explain the impedance data temperature dependence. This study also reveals an asymmetry in the free carrier trapping between n and p type devices, where hole trapping is more significant at 10 K.
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| 23. |
- Dahlberg, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Ferroelectric-Antiferroelectric Transition of Hf1- xZrxO2on Indium Arsenide with Enhanced Ferroelectric Characteristics for Hf0.2Zr0.8O2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Electronic Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2637-6113. ; 4:12, s. 6357-6363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ferroelectric (FE)-antiferroelectric (AFE) transition in Hf1-xZrxO2 (HZO) is for the first time shown in a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor (MFS) stack based on the III-V material InAs. As InAs displays excellent electron mobility and a narrow band gap, the integration of ferroelectric thin films for nonvolatile operations is highly relevant for future electronic devices and motivates further research on ferroelectric integration. When increasing the Zr fraction x from 0.5 to 1, the stack permittivity increases as expected, and the transition from FE to AFE-like behavior is observed by polarization and current-voltage characteristics. At x = 0.8 the polarization of the InAs-based stacks shows a larger FE-contribution as a more open hysteresis compared to both literature and reference metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) devices. By field-cycling the devices, the switching domains are studied as a function of the cycle number, showing that the difference in FE-AFE contributions for MFM and MFS devices is stable over switching and not an effect of wake-up. The FE contribution of the switching can be accessed by successively lowering the bias voltage in a proposed pulse train. The possibility of enhanced nonvolatility in Zr-rich HZO is relevant for device stacks that would benefit from an increase in permittivity and a lower operating voltage. Additionally, an interfacial layer (IL) is introduced between the HZO film and the InAs substrate. The interfacial quality is investigated as frequency-dependent capacitive dispersion, showing little change for varying ZrO2 concentrations and with or without included IL. This suggests material processing that is independently limiting the interfacial quality. Improved endurance of the InAs-Hf1-xZrxO2 devices with x = 0.8 was also observed compared to x = 0.5, with further improvement with the additional IL for Zr-rich HZO on InAs.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Grundström, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
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Human Cord Blood Derived Immature Basophils Show Dual Characteristics, Expressing Both Basophil and Eosinophil Associated Proteins
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10, s. e48308-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Basophils are blood cells of low abundance associated with allergy, inflammation and parasite infections. To study the transcriptome of mature circulating basophils cells were purified from buffy coats by density gradient centrifugations and two-step magnetic cell sorting. However, after extensive analysis the cells were found to be transcriptionally inactive and almost completely lack functional mRNA. In order to obtain transcriptionally active immature basophils for analysis of their transcriptome, umbilical cord blood cells were therefore cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3 for 9 days and basophils were enriched by removing non-basophils using magnetic cell sorting. The majority of purified cells demonstrated typical metachromatic staining with Alcian blue dye (95%) and expression of surface markers FcεRI and CD203c, indicating a pure population of cells with basophil-like phenotype. mRNA was extracted from these cells and used to construct a cDNA library with approximately 600 000 independent clones. This library served as tool to determine the mRNA frequencies for a number of hematopoietic marker proteins. It was shown that these cells express basophil/mast cell-specific transcripts, i.e. β-tryptase, serglycin and FcεRI α-chain, to a relatively low degree. In contrast, the library contained a high number of several eosinophil-associated transcripts such as: major basic protein (MBP), charcot leyden crystal (CLC), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). Out of these transcripts, MBP and EPO were the most frequently observed, representing 8% and 3.2% of the total mRNA pool, respectively. Moreover, in a proteome analysis of cultured basophils we identified MBP and EPO as the two most prominent protein bands, suggesting a good correlation between protein and mRNA analyses of these cells. The mixed phenotype observed for these cells strengthens the conclusion that eosinophils and basophils are closely linked during human hematopoietic development. The dual phenotype also indicates that other cytokines than IL-3 or cell surface interactions are needed to obtain the full basophil specific phenotype in vivo.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Jeppsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of silver ions and chlorine on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in dishwater
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 28:12, s. 1419-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of chlorine and silver ion solutions on the survival of Bacillus cereus (vegetative phase) and Staphylococcus aureus in batch cultures, representing dishwater. Dishwater contains organic matter and bacteria and bacterial activities are partly reduced by high pH (11-12) and temperature (55-65 degrees C) in professional and domestic dishwashers. in manual dishwashing, temperature and pH are kept lower (45 degrees C and pH 7), which is less sufficient for the reduction of bacteria. In a broth, organic loaded in order to mimic dishwater, solutions of Ag+ or hypochlorite were added at 45 degrees C and pH 7 and samples were withdrawn for a period of 40 minutes. 1 ppm Ag+ was required to obtain a 1 to 2 log unit reduction of B. cereus and S. aureus in 10 minutes. An addition of 160 ppm hypochlorite reduced B. cereus and S. aureus by 4 log units in two minutes, whereas 16 ppm of hypochlorite had no effect on the survival of S. aureus. The level of free residual chlorine varied with the COD value of the cultured solutions. We found that both silver and hypochlorite can be used as antibacterial agents in dishwater. The disadvantage with the use of hypochlorite is that the COD value determines the antibacterial effect. Using Ag+ solutions to reduce bacteria has the drawback that they are toxic to water-living organisms and are considered to develop Ag+ resistant bacteria. To reduce the risk of cross-contamination from dishwater to dishware high temperature and detergent with high pH is to be preferred.
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| 29. |
- Kanwischer, Marion, et al.
(författare)
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Substances of emerging concern in Baltic Sea water: Review on methodological advances for the environmental assessment and proposal for future monitoring
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51, s. 1588-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea is among the most polluted seas worldwide. Anthropogenic contaminants are mainly introduced via riverine discharge and atmospheric deposition. Regional and international measures have successfully been employed to reduce concentrations of several legacy contaminants. However, current Baltic Sea monitoring programs do not address compounds of emerging concern. Hence, potentially harmful pharmaceuticals, UV filters, polar pesticides, estrogenic compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or naturally produced algal toxins are not taken into account during the assessment of the state of the Baltic Sea. Herein, we conducted literature searches based on systematic approaches and compiled reported data on these substances in Baltic Sea surface water and on methodological advances for sample processing and chemical as well as effect-based analysis of these analytically challenging marine pollutants. Finally, we provide recommendations for improvement of future contaminant and risk assessment in the Baltic Sea, which revolve around a combination of both chemical and effect-based analyses.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Mota, A, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous visualization of DNA loci in single cells by combinatorial multi-color iFISH
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 9:1, s. 47-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-molecule DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques enable studying the three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome at the single cell level. However, there is a major unmet need for open access, high quality, curated and reproducible DNA FISH datasets. Here, we describe a dataset obtained by applying our recently developed iFISH method to simultaneously visualize 16 small (size range: 62–73 kilobases, kb) DNA loci evenly spaced on chromosome 2 in human cells, in a single round of hybridization. We show how combinatorial color coding can be used to precisely localize multiple loci in 3D within single cells, and how inter-locus distances scale inversely with chromosome contact frequencies determined by high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). We provide raw images and 3D coordinates for nearly 10,000 FISH dots. Our dataset provides a free resource that can facilitate studies of 3D genome organization in single cells and can be used to develop automatic FISH analysis algorithms.
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| 32. |
- Muller, L. S. O., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee for chronological age estimation-a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - 0938-7994. ; 33:98, s. 5258-5268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionRadiographs of the hand and teeth are frequently used for medical age assessment, as skeletal and dental maturation correlates with chronological age. These methods have been criticized for their lack of precision, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee has been proposed as a more accurate method. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the scientific and statistical evidence for medical age estimation based on skeletal maturation as assessed by MRI of the knee.Materials and methodsA systematic review was conducted that included studies published before April 2021 on living individuals between 8 and 30 years old, with presumptively healthy knees for whom the ossification stages had been evaluated using MRI. The correlation between "mature knee" and chronological age and the risk of misclassifying a child as an adult and vice versa was calculated.ResultsWe found a considerable heterogeneity in the published studies -in terms of study population, MRI protocols, and grading systems used. There is a wide variation in the correlation between maturation stage and chronological age.ConclusionData from published literature is deemed too heterogenous to support the use of MRI of the knee for chronological age determination. Further, it is not possible to assess the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, or positive predictive value for the ability of MRI to determine whether a person is over or under 18 years old.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Passlack, M., et al.
(författare)
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Core-shell tfet developments and tfet limitations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application, VLSI-TSA 2019. - 9781728109428
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFET) based on a vertical gate-All-Around (VGAA) nanowire (NW) architecture with a core-shell (CS) structure have been explored for future CMOS applications. Performance predictions based on a tight-binding mode-space NEGF technique include a drive current \mathrm{I}-{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}} of 6.7\ \mu \mathrm{A} (NW diameter \mathrm{d}= 10.2\ \mathrm{nm}) at \mathrm{V}-{\mathrm{dd}}=0.3\ \mathrm{V} under low power (LP) conditions (\mathrm{I}-{\mathrm{off}}=1 \mathrm{pA}) for an InAs/GaSb CS TFET. This compares to Si nMOSFET \mathrm{I}-{\mathrm{on}} =2.3\ \mu \mathrm{A} at \mathrm{V}-{\mathrm{dd}}=0.55\ \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{d}=6\ \mathrm{nm}). On the experimental side, scaling of vertical CS NWs resulted in smallest dimensions of \mathrm{d}-{\mathrm{c}}= 17 nm (GaSb core) and \mathrm{t}-{\mathrm{sh}}=3 nm (InAs shell) for a total diameter of 23 nm. VGAA CS nFETs demonstrated drive current of up to 40\ \mu \mathrm{A} (\mathrm{V}-{\mathrm{d}}=0.3\ \mathrm{V}) and subthreshold swing \mathrm{SS}=40\mathrm{mV}/\mathrm{dec}(\mathrm{V}-{\mathrm{d}}=10\mathrm{mV}) for NW diameters between 35-50 nm. Although key TFET properties such as current drive and subthermal SS have been demonstrated using a VGAA CS architecture for the first time, experimental results still lag predictions. An intrinsic relationship between band-To band-Tunneling (BTBT) and \mathrm{D}-{\mathrm{it}} related trap assisted tunneling (TAT) was found which imposes challenging \mathrm{D}-{\mathrm{it}} requirements, in particular for LP \mathrm{I}-{\mathrm{off}} specifications. Complexity of fabrication and a material system foreign to CMOS manufacturing further impact prospects of TFET technology.
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| 35. |
- Persson, Anton E. O., et al.
(författare)
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A method for estimating defects in ferroelectric thin film MOSCAPs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 117:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a capacitance measurement scheme that enables quantitative characterization of ferroelectric thin films integrated onsemiconductors. The film defect density is estimated by measurements of the CV hysteresis and frequency dispersion, whereas importantdevice parameters such as memory window and endurance can be extracted by a unidirectional CV method. The simple measurementscheme and the usage of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors rather than MOSFETs make the proposed methods suitable for the futureoptimization of ferroelectric field effect transistor and negative capacitance field effect transistor gate stacks. Specifically, we present data forthe narrow bandgap semiconductor InAs and show that low temperature characterization is critical to reduce the influence of the minoritycarrier response; however, the methods should be transferrable to room temperature for semiconductors with a wider bandgap. Our resultsclearly indicate that the defect density of the HfxZr1xO2 (HZO) films increases at the crystallization temperature, but the increase is modestand remains independent of the annealing temperature at even more elevated temperatures. It is also shown that the shrinkage of thememory window caused by field cycling is not accompanied by an increase in defect density.
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| 36. |
- Persson, Anton E. O., et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Ferroelectric HfxZr1-xO2 on Vertical III-V Nanowire Gate-All-Around FETs on Silicon
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106. ; 43:6, s. 854-857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a successful process scheme for the integration of a CMOS-compatible ferroelectric gate stack on a scaled vertical InAs nanowire gate-all-around MOSFET on silicon. The devices show promising device characteristics with nanosecond write time and large memory window of >1.5 V. In the current implementation, the device performance is mainly limited by access resistance, which is attributed to the thermal sensitivity of InAs. The findings indicate that the ferroelectricity is not intrinsically preventing future improvements of scaled III-V FeFETs.
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| 37. |
- Persson, Anton E.O., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced annealing temperature for ferroelectric HZO on InAs with enhanced polarization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 116:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposition, annealing, and integration of ferroelectric Hf x Zr 1 - x O 2 (HZO) thin films on the high-mobility semiconductor InAs using atomic layer deposition are investigated. Electrical characterization reveals that the HZO films on InAs exhibit an enhanced remanent polarization compared to films formed on a reference TiN substrate, exceeding 20 μ C / cm 2 even down to an annealing temperature of 370 °C. For device applications, the thermal processes required to form the ferroelectric HZO phase must not degrade the high-κ/InAs interface. We find by evaluation of the capacitance-voltage characteristics that the electrical properties of the high-κ/InAs are not significantly degraded by the annealing process, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy verifies a maintained sharp high-κ/InAs interface.
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| 38. |
- Ståhl Wernersson, E, et al.
(författare)
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Hygiene in warewashers utilizing blasting granules that foodservice establishments use.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Food Protection Trends. - 1541-9576. ; 23:10, s. 797-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four kitchens, each with a different work load, were used to evaluate the microbiological risk of utilizing blasting granules in a new type of warewash machine. The granules, plastic pellets 3.5 - 3.5 mm, are recirculated together with the dishwater in the machine, and when the dishwater is expelled, the granules remain in the machine until the next day. Samples of soiled dishwater and tap water were collected on four occasions during a six-month period. In terms of CFU/ml, the APC in solutions of soiled dishwater was 2.6 ± 0.8 log, which is lower than that found in manual dishwashing (4.0 ± 1.6 log). The CFU/ml of Bacillus cereus was 2.8 ± 1.2 log and of Enterobacteriaceae was 0.2 ± 0.4 log. The microbiological levels found are representative of normal working conditions for warewash machines. These levels were compared to results obtained in model experiments, in which granules were kept, moist but drained, for 16 hours and 40 hours, comparable to standstill periods overnight or longer. On the granules in contact with dishwater for 24 or 48 hours, the APC was not increased and the level of B. cereus was decreased. There was a slight increase in the number of Enterobacteriaceae, but the model experiments did not indicate any increased microbiological risk due to the use of the granules in warewash machines. Outside the machine, cross-contamination of the faucet was indicated by the numbers of microorganisms in tap water samples.
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| 39. |
- Thelander, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Vertical Wrap-Gated InAs FET
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383. ; 55:11, s. 3030-3036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we report on the development of a vertical wrap-gated field-effect transistor based on epitaxially grown InAs nanowires. We discuss some of the important steps involved in the growth and processing, such as nanowire position control in situ doping, high-kappa dielectric deposition, spacer layer formation: and metal wrap-gate fabrication. In particular, we compare a few alternative methods for deposition of materials onto vertical structures and discuss their potential advantages and limitations. Finally, we also present a comparison of transistor performance for nanowires grown using two different epitaxial techniques.
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| 40. |
- Vasen, T., et al.
(författare)
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InAs nanowire GAA n-MOSFETs with 12-15 nm diameter
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology, VLSI Technology 2016. - 9781509006373 ; 2016-September
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InAs nanowires (NW) grown by MOCVD with diameter d as small as 10 nm and gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs with d = 12-15 nm are demonstrated. Ion = 314 μA/μm, and Ssat =68 mV/dec was achieved at Vdd = 0.5 V (Ioff = 0.1 μA/μm). Highest gm measured is 2693 μS/μm. Device performance is enabled by small diameter and optimized high-k/InAs gate stack process. Device performance tradeoffs between gm, Ron, and Imin are discussed.
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| 41. |
- Vasen, T., et al.
(författare)
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Vertical Gate-All-Around Nanowire GaSb-InAs Core-Shell n-Type Tunnel FETs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFET) are one of the most promising candidates for future low-power CMOS applications including mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) products. A vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) architecture with a core shell (C-S) structure is the leading contender to meet CMOS footprint requirements while simultaneously delivering high current drive for high performance specifications and subthreshold swing below the Boltzmann limit for low power operation. In this work, VGAA nanowire GaSb/InAs C-S TFETs are demonstrated experimentally for the first time with key device properties of subthreshold swing S = 40 mV/dec (Vd = 10 mV) and current drive up to 40 μA/wire (Vd = 0.3 V, diameter d = 50 nm) while dimensions including core diameter d, shell thickness and gate length are scaled towards CMOS requirements. The experimental data in conjunction with TCAD modeling reveal interface trap density requirements to reach industry standard off-current specifications.
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| 42. |
- Vinnars, Marie-Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 103:1, s. 13-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHyperemesis gravidarum affects 0.3%-3% of pregnant women each year and is the leading cause of hospitalization in early pregnancy. Previous systematic reviews of available treatments have found a lack of consistent evidence, and few studies of high quality. Since 2016, no systematic review has been conducted and an up-to date review is requested. In a recent James Lind Alliance collaboration, it was clear that research on effective treatments is a high priority for both patients and clinicians.Material and methodsSearches without time limits were performed in the AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases until June 26, 2023. Studies published before October 1, 2014 were identified from the review by O'Donnell et al., 2016. Selection criteria were randomized clinical trials and non-randomized studies of interventions comparing treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum with another treatment or placebo. Outcome variables included were: degree of nausea; vomiting; inability to tolerate oral fluids or food; hospital treatment; health-related quality of life, small-for-gestational-age infant; and preterm birth. Abstracts and full texts were screened, and risk of bias of the studies was assessed independently by two authors. Synthesis without meta-analysis was performed, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. PROSPERO (CRD42022303150).ResultsTwenty treatments were included in 25 studies with low or moderate risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was very low for all treatments except for acupressure in addition to standard care, which showed a possible moderate decrease in nausea and vomiting, with low certainty of evidence.ConclusionsSeveral scientific knowledge gaps were identified. Studies on treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum are few, and the certainty of evidence for different treatments is either low or very low. To establish more robust evidence, it is essential to use validated scoring systems, the recently established diagnostic criteria, clear descriptions and measurements of core outcomes and to perform larger studies. The certainty of evidence according to GRADE (The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was very low for all treatments of hyperemesis gravidarum except for acupressure in addition to standard care, which showed a possible moderate decrease in nausea and vomiting, with low certainty of evidence.image
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| 43. |
- Vishnu, N., et al.
(författare)
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Mitochondrial clearance of calcium facilitated by MICU2 controls insulin secretion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8778. ; 51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Transport of Ca2+ into pancreatic 13 cell mitochondria facilitates nutrient-mediated insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recent establishment of the molecular identity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and associated proteins allows modification of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in intact cells. We examined the consequences of deficiency of the accessory protein MICU2 in rat and human insulin-secreting cells and mouse islets. Methods: siRNA silencing of Micu2 in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-13H1 cell lines was performed; Micu2-/- mice were also studied. Insulin secretion and mechanistic analyses utilizing live confocal imaging to assess mitochondrial function and intracellular Ca2+ dynamics were performed. Results: Silencing of Micu2 abrogated GSIS in the INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-13H1 cells. The Micu2-/- mice also displayed attenuated GSIS. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake declined in MICU2-deficient INS-1 832/13 and EndoC-13H1 cells in response to high glucose and high K+. MICU2 silencing in INS-1 832/13 cells, presumably through its effects on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, perturbed mitochondrial function illustrated by absent mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and lowering of the ATP/ADP ratio in response to elevated glucose. Despite the loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, cytosolic Ca2+ was lower in siMICU2-treated INS-1 832/13 cells in response to high K+. It was hypothesized that Ca2+ accumulated in the submembrane compartment in MICU2-deficient cells, resulting in desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, lowering total cytosolic Ca2+. Upon high K+ stimulation, MICU2-silenced cells showed higher and prolonged increases in submembrane Ca2+ levels. Conclusions: MICU2 plays a critical role in 13 cell mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. 13 cell mitochondria sequestered Ca2+ from the submembrane compartment, preventing desensitization of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and facilitating GSIS.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Wernersson, ES, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-contamination in dishwashers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6701. ; 56:4, s. 312-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dishwashers are used in central hospital kitchens and ward kitchens to provide clean crockery. Soil recipes based on international standards were tested in order to evaluate the performance of a general dishwasher. In normal use of dishwashers, adherent soils are left on the crockery before cleaning. Different adherent soils, both with and without bacterial. contamination, were used to show the effectiveness of the dishwasher to remove this type of soil. It was shown that contamination will occur from the dishwater to crockery with adherent soil. These results demonstrate the importance of cleaning soiled surfaces of crockery mechanically in the dishwashing process. Otherwise cross-contamination, and thereby the spread of infections, may occur.
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| 46. |
- Wernersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Swelling of cellulose fibres in composite materials: Constraint effects of the surrounding matrix
- 2013
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Ingår i: Composites Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 74, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood fibres have several highly desirable properties as reinforcement in composite materials for structural applications, e.g. high specific stiffness and strength, renewability and low cost. However, one of the main drawbacks is the swelling of these hydrophilic fibres due to moisture uptake. Since the fibres in the composite are generally embedded in a relatively hydrophobic matrix, the surrounding matrix should restrain the swelling of the fibres. The present study investigates this constraint effect and establishes a micromechanical model to predict the swelling of embedded fibres based on experimentally characterised microstructural parameters and hygroelastic properties of the constituents. The predicted swelling is in concert with direct measurement of various wood-pulp fibre composites by means of three-dimensional X-ray microtomographic images. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Wernersson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related enlargement of lymphoid tissue and altered leukocyte composition in serglycin-deficient mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 85:3, s. 401-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serglycin (SG) is a proteoglycan that is located predominantly in the secretory granules of hematopoietic cells. Previous studies have established a crucial role for SG in promoting the storage of various secretory granule compounds that are of importance in the immune defense system. Here, we show that mice lacking SG spontaneously develop enlargement of multiple lymphoid organs, including the spleen, Peyer's patches (PP), and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. In the spleen, the lack of SG resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of CD4(+) cells as well as an increase of the CD45RC(+) leukocyte population, indicating an expansion of naïve lymphocytes. In the PP, the lack of SG resulted in a general increase in cellularity, without significant alterations in the proportion of individual leukocyte populations. The enlargement of lymphoid tissues was not accompanied by increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. The number of mast cells in the peritoneum was not affected by the lack of SG, as judged by surface staining for CD117 (c-kit). However, the intensity of c-kit staining was reduced significantly in SG null animals. Moreover, the number of peritoneal macrophages, defined by morphological criteria and by CD11b staining, was decreased markedly in older, SG-deficient animals. Finally, experiments in which airway inflammation was induced by bacterial LPS revealed a more pronounced inflammatory response in old, SG-deficient as compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, our data show that SG deficiency causes multiple, age-related effects on the lymphoid system.
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| 48. |
- Wheeler, D., et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of HfO2 on InAs by atomic-layer deposition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5568 .- 0167-9317. ; 86:7-9, s. 1561-1563
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are formed on bulk InAs substrates by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2. Prior to film growth, InAs substrates receive a wet-chemical treatment of HCl, buffered HF (BHF), or (NH4)(2)S. Hafnium dioxide films are grown using 75 ALD cycles with substrate temperatures of 100, 200, and 300 degrees C. Substrate temperature is found to have a significant influence on the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the capacitors, while the influence of substrate pretreatment manifests itself in interface trap density, D-it, as measured by the Terman method. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Yan, WX, et al.
(författare)
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BLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8, s. 15058-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precisely measuring the location and frequency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) along the genome is instrumental to understanding genomic fragility, but current methods are limited in versatility, sensitivity or practicality. Here we present Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS), featuring the following: (1) direct labelling of DSBs in fixed cells or tissue sections on a solid surface; (2) low-input requirement by linear amplification of tagged DSBs by in vitro transcription; (3) quantification of DSBs through unique molecular identifiers; and (4) easy scalability and multiplexing. We apply BLISS to profile endogenous and exogenous DSBs in low-input samples of cancer cells, embryonic stem cells and liver tissue. We demonstrate the sensitivity of BLISS by assessing the genome-wide off-target activity of two CRISPR-associated RNA-guided endonucleases, Cas9 and Cpf1, observing that Cpf1 has higher specificity than Cas9. Our results establish BLISS as a versatile, sensitive and efficient method for genome-wide DSB mapping in many applications.
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| 50. |
- Zhu, Zhongyunshen, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable signal modulation in a ferroelectric tunnel field-effect transistor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconfigurable transistors are an emerging device technology adding new functionalities while lowering the circuit architecture complexity. However, most investigations focus on digital applications. Here, we demonstrate a single vertical nanowire ferroelectric tunnel field-effect transistor (ferro-TFET) that can modulate an input signal with diverse modes including signal transmission, phase shift, frequency doubling, and mixing with significant suppression of undesired harmonics for reconfigurable analogue applications. We realize this by a heterostructure design in which a gate/source overlapped channel enables nearly perfect parabolic transfer characteristics with robust negative transconductance. By using a ferroelectric gate oxide, our ferro-TFET is non-volatilely reconfigurable, enabling various modes of signal modulation. The ferro-TFET shows merits of reconfigurability, reduced footprint, and low supply voltage for signal modulation. This work provides the possibility for monolithic integration of both steep-slope TFETs and reconfigurable ferro-TFETs towards high-density, energy-efficient, and multifunctional digital/analogue hybrid circuits.
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