| 1. |
- Bayley, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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2013 SYR Accepted Poster Abstracts
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of yoga therapy. - 1531-2054. ; 23:1, s. 32-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Ryder Glacier in northwest Greenland is shielded from warm Atlantic water by a bathymetric sill
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The processes controlling advance and retreat of outlet glaciers in fjords draining the Greenland Ice Sheet remain poorly known, undermining assessments of their dynamics and associated sea-level rise in a warming climate. Mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased six-fold over the last four decades, with discharge and melt from outlet glaciers comprising key components of this loss. Here we acquired oceanographic data and multibeam bathymetry in the previously uncharted Sherard Osborn Fjord in northwest Greenland where Ryder Glacier drains into the Arctic Ocean. Our data show that warmer subsurface water of Atlantic origin enters the fjord, but Ryder Glacier’s floating tongue at its present location is partly protected from the inflow by a bathymetric sill located in the innermost fjord. This reduces under-ice melting of the glacier, providing insight into Ryder Glacier’s dynamics and its vulnerability to inflow of Atlantic warmer water.
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| 3. |
- O'Regan, Matt, et al.
(författare)
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Calcareous nannofossils anchor chronologies for Arctic Ocean sediments back to 500 ka
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geology. - 0091-7613 .- 1943-2682. ; 48:11, s. 1115-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor age control in Pleistocene sediments of the central Arctic Ocean generates considerable uncertainty in paleoceanographic reconstructions. This problem is rooted in the perplexing magnetic polarity patterns recorded in Arctic marine sediments and the paucity of microfossils capable of providing calibrated biostratigraphic biohorizons or continuous oxygen isotope stratigraphies. Here, we document the occurrence of two key species of calcareous nannofossils in a single marine sediment core from the central Arctic Ocean that provide robust, globally calibrated age constraints for sediments younger than 500 ka. The key species are the coccolithophores Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, which went extinct during marine isotope stage (MIS) 12 (478-424 ka), and Emiliania huxleyi, which evolved during MIS 8 (300-243 ka). This is the first time that P lacunosa has been described in sediments of the central Arctic Ocean. The sedimentary horizons containing these age-diagnostic species can be traced, through lithostratigraphic correlation, across more than 450 km of the inner Arctic Ocean. They provide the first unequivocal support for proposed Pleistocene chronologies of sediment from this sector of the Arctic, and they constitute a foundation for developing and testing other geochronological tools for dating Arctic marine sediments.
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| 4. |
- O'Regan, Matt, et al.
(författare)
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Stratigraphic Occurrences of Sub-Polar Planktic Foraminifera in Pleistocene Sediments on the Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-6463. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turborotalita quinqueloba is a species of planktic foraminifera commonly found in the sub-polar North Atlantic along the pathway of Atlantic waters in the Nordic seas and sometimes even in the Arctic Ocean, although its occurrence there remains poorly understood. Existing data show that T. quinqueloba is scarce in Holocene sediments from the central Arctic but abundance levels increase in sediments from the last interglacial period [Marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, 71-120 ka] in cores off the northern coast of Greenland and the southern Mendeleev Ridge. Turborotalita also occurs in earlier Pleistocene interglacials in these regions, with a unique and widespread occurrence of the less known Turborotalita egelida morphotype, proposed as a biostratigraphic marker for MIS 11 (474-374 ka). Here we present results from six new sediment cores, extending from the central to western Lomonosov Ridge, that show a consistent Pleistocene stratigraphy over 575 km. Preliminary semi-quantitative assessments of planktic foraminifer abundance and assemblage composition in two of these records (LOMROG12-7PC and AO16-5PC) reveal two distinct stratigraphic horizons containing Turborotalita in MIS 5. Earlier occurrences in Pleistocene interglacials are recognized, but contain significantly fewer specimens and do not appear to be stratigraphically coeval in the studied sequences. In all instances, the Turborotalita specimens resemble the typical T. quinqueloba morphotype but are smaller (63-125 mu m), smooth-walled and lack the final thickened calcite layer common to adults of the species. These results extend the geographical range for T. quinqueloba in MIS 5 sediments of the Arctic Ocean and provide compelling evidence for recurrent invasions during Pleistocene interglacials.
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| 5. |
- O'Regan, Matt, et al.
(författare)
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The Holocene dynamics of Ryder Glacier and ice tongue in north Greenland
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 15:8, s. 4073-4097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The northern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet is considered to be particularly susceptible to ice mass loss arising from increased glacier discharge in the coming decades. However, the past extent and dynamics of outlet glaciers in this region, and hence their vulnerability to climate change, are poorly documented. In the summer of 2019, the Swedish icebreaker Oden entered the previously unchartered waters of Sherard Osborn Fjord, where Ryder Glacier drains approximately 2 % of Greenland's ice sheet into the Lincoln Sea. Here we reconstruct the Holocene dynamics of Ryder Glacier and its ice tongue by combining radiocarbon dating with sedimentary facies analyses along a 45 km transect of marine sediment cores collected between the modern ice tongue margin and the mouth of the fjord. The results illustrate that Ryder Glacier retreated from a grounded position at the fjord mouth during the Early Holocene (> 10.7±0.4 ka cal BP) and receded more than 120 km to the end of Sherard Osborn Fjord by the Middle Holocene (6.3±0.3 ka cal BP), likely becoming completely land-based. A re-advance of Ryder Glacier occurred in the Late Holocene, becoming marine-based around 3.9±0.4 ka cal BP. An ice tongue, similar in extent to its current position was established in the Late Holocene (between 3.6±0.4 and 2.9±0.4 ka cal BP) and extended to its maximum historical position near the fjord mouth around 0.9±0.3 ka cal BP. Laminated, clast-poor sediments were deposited during the entire retreat and regrowth phases, suggesting the persistence of an ice tongue that only collapsed when the glacier retreated behind a prominent topographic high at the landward end of the fjord. Sherard Osborn Fjord narrows inland, is constrained by steep-sided cliffs, contains a number of bathymetric pinning points that also shield the modern ice tongue and grounding zone from warm Atlantic waters, and has a shallowing inland sub-ice topography. These features are conducive to glacier stability and can explain the persistence of Ryder's ice tongue while the glacier remained marine-based. However, the physiography of the fjord did not halt the dramatic retreat of Ryder Glacier under the relatively mild changes in climate forcing during the Holocene. Presently, Ryder Glacier is grounded more than 40 km seaward of its inferred position during the Middle Holocene, highlighting the potential for substantial retreat in response to ongoing climate change.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Rodriguez, Sébastien, et al.
(författare)
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Science goals and new mission concepts for future exploration of Titan's atmosphere, geology and habitability : titan POlar scout/orbitEr and in situ lake lander and DrONe explorer (POSEIDON)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 54:2-3, s. 911-973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to ESA’s “Voyage 2050” announcement of opportunity, we propose an ambitious L-class mission to explore one of the most exciting bodies in the Solar System, Saturn’s largest moon Titan. Titan, a “world with two oceans”, is an organic-rich body with interior-surface-atmosphere interactions that are comparable in complexity to the Earth. Titan is also one of the few places in the Solar System with habitability potential. Titan’s remarkable nature was only partly revealed by the Cassini-Huygens mission and still holds mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. The proposed mission concept POSEIDON (Titan POlar Scout/orbitEr and In situ lake lander DrONe explorer) would perform joint orbital and in situ investigations of Titan. It is designed to build on and exceed the scope and scientific/technological accomplishments of Cassini-Huygens, exploring Titan in ways that were not previously possible, in particular through full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time. In the proposed mission architecture, POSEIDON consists of two major elements: a spacecraft with a large set of instruments that would orbit Titan, preferably in a low-eccentricity polar orbit, and a suite of in situ investigation components, i.e. a lake lander, a “heavy” drone (possibly amphibious) and/or a fleet of mini-drones, dedicated to the exploration of the polar regions. The ideal arrival time at Titan would be slightly before the next northern Spring equinox (2039), as equinoxes are the most active periods to monitor still largely unknown atmospheric and surface seasonal changes. The exploration of Titan’s northern latitudes with an orbiter and in situ element(s) would be highly complementary in terms of timing (with possible mission timing overlap), locations, and science goals with the upcoming NASA New Frontiers Dragonfly mission that will provide in situ exploration of Titan’s equatorial regions, in the mid-2030s.
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| 8. |
- Stranne, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The climate sensitivity of northern Greenland fjords is amplified through sea-ice damming
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Record-high air temperatures were observed over Greenland in the summer of 2019 and melting of the northern Greenland Ice Sheet was particularly extensive. Here we show, through direct measurements, that near surface ocean temperatures in Sherard Osborn Fjord, northern Greenland, reached 4 °C in August 2019, while in the neighboring Petermann Fjord, they never exceeded 0 °C. We show that this disparity in temperature between the two fjords occurred because thick multi-year sea ice at the entrance of Sherard Osborn Fjord trapped the surface waters inside the fjord, which led to the formation of a warm and fresh surface layer. These results suggest that the presence of multi-year sea ice increases the sensitivity of Greenland fjords abutting the Arctic Ocean to climate warming, with potential consequences for the long-term stability of the northern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
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| 9. |
- Vermassen, Flor, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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A seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean during the Last Interglacial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 16:8, s. 723-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent and seasonality of Arctic sea ice during the Last Interglacial (129,000 to 115,000 years before present) is poorly known. Sediment-based reconstructions have suggested extensive ice cover in summer, while climate model outputs indicate year-round conditions in the Arctic Ocean ranging from ice free to fully ice covered. Here we use microfossil records from across the central Arctic Ocean to show that sea-ice extent was substantially reduced and summers were probably ice free. The evidence comes from high abundances of the subpolar planktic foraminifera Turborotalita quinqueloba in five newly analysed cores. The northern occurrence of this species is incompatible with perennial sea ice, which would be associated with a thick, low-salinity surface water. Instead, T. quinqueloba's ecological preference implies largely ice-free surface waters with seasonally elevated levels of primary productivity. In the modern ocean, this species thrives in the Fram Strait-Barents Sea 'Arctic-Atlantic gateway' region, implying that the necessary Atlantic Ocean-sourced water masses shoaled towards the surface during the Last Interglacial. This process reflects the ongoing Atlantification of the Arctic Ocean, currently restricted to the Eurasian Basin. Our results establish the Last Interglacial as a prime analogue for studying a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean, expected to occur this century. The warm Last Interglacial led to a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean and a transformation to Atlantic conditions, according to planktic foraminifera records from central Arctic Ocean sediment cores.
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| 10. |
- Vermassen, Flor, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the stratigraphic consistency of Pleistocene microfossil bioevents identified on the Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges, Arctic Ocean
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0430 .- 1938-4246. ; 53:1, s. 309-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different biostratigraphic approaches are used to identify Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) in Arctic Ocean sediments. On the Lomonosov Ridge, globally calibrated nannofossil bioevents constrain the age of sediments back to MIS 13 (Core LOMROG12-3PC). In the Amerasian Basin the unique occurrence of the planktonic foraminifer Turborotalita egelida is increasingly used as a marker for MIS 11. However, the T. egelida horizon has only been dated using cyclostratigraphy. Here we bridge these approaches through investigation of a new core (AO16-8GC) from the Alpha Ridge, Amerasian Basin. AO16-8GC is easily correlated to LOMROG12-3PC and contains the T. egelida horizon, allowing the first comparison between the biostratigraphy of both regions. Based on the nannofossil biochronology of LOMROG12-3PC, the most convincing lithologic correlation between the Alpha and Lomonosov Ridge cores places the T. egelida horizon between MIS 15 and MIS 17. This potentially older age for the T. egelida biohorizon emphasizes the need for continued caution in interpreting paleoceanographic records predating MIS 6, until further work can reconcile the nanno- and microfossil biostratigraphies that are emerging for middle Pleistocene sediments of the central Arctic Ocean.
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| 11. |
- West, Gabriel, 1978-
(författare)
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A multimethod approach to dating Quaternary sediments from the Arctic Ocean
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The marine sedimentary environment in the polar regions is different from the rest of the world’s oceans, as it is greatly influenced by the cryosphere. In the Arctic, sea ice and icebergs can transport vast amounts of sediments, delivered by extensive fluvial systems from the surrounding continents, which have been shaped by the waxing and waning of large terrestrial ice sheets during the Quaternary period. Reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes in the Arctic Ocean during this time requires the accurate dating of marine sediment cores, something that has been more difficult than in most other marine environments.This thesis investigates and integrates less developed methods to date marine sediments in the Arctic Ocean. It focuses on applying amino acid racemization geochronology and optically stimulated luminescence dating to sediments from across the Arctic Ocean, accompanied by palaeo- and rock magnetic measurements, and sedimentological analyses.The presented results show that racemization of aspartic and glutamic acids in foraminifera follow a predictable rate at the Yermak Plateau and the Greenland and Iceland Seas, and existing calibrated age equations can be used to confidently date late Quaternary sediments in these regions. Purportedly high rates of racemization are observed in the benthic foraminifera, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from central Arctic sediments, confirming that the high rates cannot be attributed to taxonomic effects. Their possible causes, which include variable environmental and diagenetic conditions are considered. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz grains from the Lomonosov Ridge provide much needed absolute age control for sediments from this area, further constraining the timing of glacial activity near the Siberian margin and illustrating the potentials of luminescence dating as a geochronological tool in the Arctic. Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses provide additional evidence that putative polarity reversals and excursions are not always due to geomagnetic field behaviour but are possibly linked to glacial/interglacial modulation of the magnetic mineralogy.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- West, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Amino acid racemization in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi from the Arctic Ocean and its implications for age models
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geochronology. - 2628-3719. ; 5:1, s. 285-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of amino acid racemization (AAR) analyses of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) in the planktic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and the benthic Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, foraminifera species collected from sediment cores from the Arctic Ocean. The cores were retrieved at various deep-sea sites of the Arctic, which cover a large geographical area from the Greenland and Iceland seas (GIS) to the Alpha and Lomonosov ridges in the central Arctic Ocean. Age models for the investigated sediments were developed by multiple dating and correlation techniques, including oxygen isotope stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and cyclostratigraphy. The extent of racemization (D/L values) was determined on 95 samples (1028 subsamples) and shows a progressive increase downcore for both foraminifera species. Differences in the rates of racemization between the species were established by analysing specimens of both species from the same stratigraphic levels (n=21). Aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) racemize on average 16 ± 2 % and 23 ± 3 % faster, respectively, in C. wuellerstorfi than in N. pachyderma. The D/L values increase with sample age in nearly all cases, with a trend that follows a simple power function. Scatter around least-squares regression fits are larger for samples from the central Arctic Ocean than for those from the Nordic Seas. Calibrating the rate of racemization in C. wuellerstorfi using independently dated samples from the Greenland and Iceland seas for the past 400 ka enables estimation of sample ages from the central Arctic Ocean, where bottom water temperatures are presently relatively similar. The resulting ages are older than expected when considering the existing age models for the central Arctic Ocean cores. These results confirm that the differences are not due to taxonomic effects on AAR and further warrant a critical evaluation of existing Arctic Ocean age models. A better understanding of temperature histories at the investigated sites, and other environmental factors that may influence racemization rates in central Arctic Ocean sediments, is also needed.
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| 14. |
- West, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Amino acid racemization in Quaternary foraminifera from the Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geochronology. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2628-3719. ; 1:1, s. 53-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amino acid racemization (AAR) geochronology is a powerful tool for dating Quaternary marine sediments across the globe, yet its application to Arctic Ocean sediments has been limited. Anomalous rates of AAR in foraminifera from the central Arctic were reported in previously published studies, indicating that either the rate of racemization is higher in this area, or inaccurate age models were used to constrain the sediment ages. This study investigates racemization rates in foraminifera from three well-dated sediment cores taken from the Yermak Plateau during the 2015 TRANSSIZ (TRansitions in the Arctic Seasonal Sea Ice Zone) expedition on RV Polarstern. D and L isomers of the amino acids aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) were separated in samples of the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and the benthic species Cassidulina neoteretis to quantify the extent of racemization. In total, 241 subsamples were analysed, extending back to marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 7. Two previously published power functions, which relate the extent of racemization of Asp and Glu in foraminifera to sample age are revisited, and a comparison is made between the ages predicted by these calibrated age equations and independent geochronological constraints available for the cores. Our analyses reveal an excellent match between ages predicted by a global compilation of racemization rates for N. pachyderma and confirm that a proposed Arctic-specific calibration curve is not applicable at the Yermak Plateau. These results generally support the rates of AAR determined for other cold bottom water sites and further highlight the anomalous nature of the purportedly high rate of racemization indicated by previous analyses of central Arctic sediments.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- West, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Late Holocene Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 1525-2027. ; 23:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geomagnetic field behavior in polar regions remains poorly understood and documented. Although a number of Late Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records exist from marginal settings of the Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean, their age control often relies on a handful of radiocarbon dates to constrain ages over the past 4,200 years. Here we present well-dated Late Holocene PSV records from two sediment cores recovered from the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean. The records are dated using 26 C-14 measurements, with local marine reservoir corrections calibrated using tephra layers from the 3.6 cal ka BP Aniakchak eruption in Northern Alaska. These C-14-based chronologies are extended into the post-bomb era using caesium-137 dating, and mercury isochrons. Paleomagnetic measurements and rock magnetic analyses reveal stable characteristic remanent magnetization directions, and a magnetic mineralogy dominated by low-coercivity minerals. The PSV records conform well to global spherical harmonic field model outputs. Centennial to millennial scale directional features are synchronous between the cores and other Western Arctic records from the area. Due to the robust chronology, these new high-resolution PSV records provide a valuable contribution to the characterization of geomagnetic field behavior in the Arctic over the past few thousand years, and can aid in developing age models for suitable sediments found in this region.
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| 17. |
- West, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Optically stimulated luminescence dating supports pre-Eemian age for glacial ice on the Lomonosov Ridge off the East Siberian continental shelf
- 2021
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishing a solid chronological framework for Arctic marine sediments is a critical first step towards glacial and palaeoceanographic reconstructions. However, this has historically been more challenging than elsewhere in the world, and often results in core chronologies and subsequent paleoenvironmental reconstructions being questioned and overturned. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating provided important constraints on late Quaternary ages for central Arctic marine sediments, and has considerable potential to underpin chronologies in other parts of the Arctic Ocean. This study applies OSL and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) geochronology to multi-grain quartz and feldspar samples from a sediment core collected from the Lomonosov Ridge off the Siberian shelf during the 2014 SWERUS-C3 Expedition. Testing and advancing the proposed chronology of late Quaternary sediments in this part of the Arctic is essential to better constrain the timing of ice sheet growth on the Siberian Arctic shelf and subsequent ice shelf development in the Arctic Ocean. The results of luminescence dating support a pre-Eemian age for extensive ice grounding and scouring of the southern Lomonosov Ridge. Furthermore, we combine the OSL ages with data from rock magnetic measurements and propose an age-depth model for cores in this region. As in other areas in the Arctic, magnetic grain size/mineralogy profiles resemble the global oxygen isotope curve and may have the potential to be a dating tool. This can be tested and further refined in future studies that obtain longer sedimentary archives. Our results also indicate that changes in the inclination of the natural remanent magnetisation do not reflect geomagnetic field variation in the investigated sediment cores.
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| 18. |
- Österlund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Revised Swedish infant feeding guidelines are associated with earlier introduction of allergenic foods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 153:2, s. 461-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that early introduction of allergenic foods, such as peanut and egg, can reduce food allergy in high-risk children. Many international guidelines recommend introduction of allergenic foods in the first year of life, and accordingly, the Swedish National Food agency released updated guidelines in June 2019.Objective: Our aim was to examine whether the age at introduction and consumption frequency of allergenic foods have changed since release of the revised national guidelines on the introduction of solid foods in Sweden.Methods: Children born between June 2016 and December 2018 (n = 1925) were compared with children born between June 2019 and April 2021 (n = 1761) by using data from the NorthPop Birth Cohort study. Data on food introduction, eczema, and food allergy were prospectively collected until age 18 months by using web-based questionnaires. IgE sensitization was assessed at 18 age months.Results: The proportion of participants who had been introduced to egg, legume, soy products, peanut, almond, and cashew nut during the first year of life increased after implementation of the revised national guidelines. The most significant changes were seen for legume (from 55.2% to 69.8% [adjusted odds ratio = 1.90 (95% CI = 1.62-2.24)] and peanut (from 29.2% to 43.2% adjusted odds ratio = 1.87 (95% CI = 1.55-2.24)]); consumption frequency had also increased. No differences in the prevalence of eczema, food allergy, or sensitization to the foods of interest were found.Conclusion: Since release of the revised guidelines, infants in the general population are introduced to and consume a variety of allergenic foods earlier and more frequently; however, early manifestations of allergic disease have remained unchanged.
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