| 1. |
- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nyberg, Lena, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid identification of intact bacterial resistance plasmids via optical mapping of single DNA molecules
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance - currently one of the greatest threats to human health according to WHO - is to a large extent enabled by plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer of resistance genes. Rapid identification and characterization of plasmids is thus important both for individual clinical outcomes and for epidemiological monitoring of antibiotic resistance. Toward this aim, we have developed an optical DNA mapping procedure where individual intact plasmids are elongated within nanofluidic channels and visualized through fluorescence microscopy, yielding barcodes that reflect the underlying sequence. The assay rapidly identifies plasmids through statistical comparisons with barcodes based on publicly available sequence repositories and also enables detection of structural variations. Since the assay yields holistic sequence information for individual intact plasmids, it is an ideal complement to next generation sequencing efforts which involve reassembly of sequence reads from fragmented DNA molecules. The assay should be applicable in microbiology labs around the world in applications ranging from fundamental plasmid biology to clinical epidemiology and diagnostics.
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| 11. |
- Björkblom, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MARCKSL1 Determines Actin Stability and Migration in Neurons and in Cancer Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 32:17, s. 3513-3526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell migration is a fundamental biological function, critical during development and regeneration, whereas deregulated migration underlies neurological birth defects and cancer metastasis. MARCKS-like protein 1 (MARCKSL1) is widely expressed in nervous tissue, where, like Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), it is required for neural tube formation, though the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that MARCKSL1 is directly phosphorylated by JNK on C-terminal residues (S120, T148, and T183). This phosphorylation enables MARCKSL1 to bundle and stabilize F-actin, increase filopodium numbers and dynamics, and retard migration in neurons. Conversely, when MARCKSL1 phosphorylation is inhibited, actin mobility increases and filopodium formation is compromised whereas lamellipodium formation is enhanced, as is cell migration. We find that MARCKSL1 mRNA is upregulated in a broad range of cancer types and that MARCKSL1 protein is strongly induced in primary prostate carcinomas. Gene knockdown in prostate cancer cells or in neurons reveals a critical role for MARCKSL1 in migration that is dependent on the phosphorylation state; phosphomimetic MARCKSL1 (MARCKSL1S120D,T148D,T183D) inhibits whereas dephospho-MARCKSL1S120A,T148A,T183A induces migration. In summary, these data show that JNK phosphorylation of MARCKSL1 regulates actin homeostasis, filopodium and lamellipodium formation, and neuronal migration under physiological conditions and that, when ectopically expressed in prostate cancer cells, MARCKSL1 again determines cell movement.
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| 12. |
- Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of target tissue glycosphingolipid receptors for uropathogenic, F1C-fimbriated Escherichia coli and its role in mucosal inflammation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 277:20, s. 18198-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial adherence to mucosal cells is a key virulence trait of pathogenic bacteria. The type 1 fimbriae and the P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli have both been described to be important for the establishment of urinary tract infections. While P-fimbriae recognize kidney glycosphingolipids carrying the Galalpha4Gal determinant, type 1 fimbriae bind to the urothelial mannosylated glycoproteins uroplakin Ia and Ib. The F1C fimbriae are one additional type of fimbria correlated with uropathogenicity. Although it was identified 20 years ago its receptor has remained unidentified. Here we report that F1C-fimbriated bacteria selectively interact with two minor glycosphingolipids isolated from rat, canine, and human urinary tract. Binding-active compounds were isolated and characterized as galactosylceramide, and globotriaosylceramide, both with phytosphingosine and hydroxy fatty acids. Comparison with reference glycosphingolipids revealed that the receptor specificity is dependent on the ceramide composition. Galactosylceramide was present in the bladder, urethers, and kidney while globotriaosylceramide was present only in the kidney. Using a functional assay, we demonstrate that binding of F1C-fimbriated Escherichia coli to renal cells induces interleukin-8 production, thus suggesting a role for F1C-mediated attachment in mucosal defense against bacterial infections.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Frykholm, Karolin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Fast size-determination of intact bacterial plasmids using nanofluidic channels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0189 .- 1473-0197. ; 15:13, s. 2739-2743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate how nanofluidic channels can be used as a tool to rapidly determine the number and sizes of plasmids in bacterial isolates. Each step can be automated at low cost, opening up opportunities for general use in microbiology labs.
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| 15. |
- Gia, T. N., et al.
(författare)
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Fault tolerant and scalable IoT-based architecture for health monitoring
- 2015
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Ingår i: SAS 2015 - 2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, Proceedings. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479961160 ; , s. 334-339
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Internet of Things based architecture supporting scalability and fault tolerance for healthcare is presented in this paper. The wireless system is constructed on top of 6LoWPAN energy efficient communication infrastructure to maximize the operation time. Fault tolerance is achieved via backup routing between nodes and advanced service mechanisms to maintain connectivity in case of failing connections between system nodes. The presented fault tolerance approach covers many fault situations such as malfunction of sink node hardware and traffic bottleneck at a node due to a high receiving data rate. A method for extending the number of medical sensing nodes at a single gateway is presented. A complete system architecture providing a quantity of features from bio-signal acquisition such as Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Electromyography (EMG) to the representation of graphical waveforms of these gathered bio-signals for remote real-time monitoring is proposed.
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| 16. |
- Gia, T. N., et al.
(författare)
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Fog computing in healthcare Internet of Things : A case study on ECG feature extraction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 15th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2015, 14th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications, IUCC 2015, 13th IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, DASC 2015 and 13th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, PICom 2015. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509001545 ; , s. 356-363
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things technology provides a competent and structured approach to improve health and wellbeing of mankind. One of the feasible ways to offer healthcare services based on IoT is to monitor humans health in real-time using ubiquitous health monitoring systems which have the ability to acquire bio-signals from sensor nodes and send the data to the gateway via a particular wireless communication protocol. The real-time data is then transmitted to a remote cloud server for real-time processing, visualization, and diagnosis. In this paper, we enhance such a health monitoring system by exploiting the concept of fog computing at smart gateways providing advanced techniques and services such as embedded data mining, distributed storage, and notification service at the edge of network. Particularly, we choose Electrocardiogram (ECG) feature extraction as the case study as it plays an important role in diagnosis of many cardiac diseases. ECG signals are analyzed in smart gateways with features extracted including heart rate, P wave and T wave via a flexible template based on a lightweight wavelet transform mechanism. Our experimental results reveal that fog computing helps achieving more than 90% bandwidth efficiency and offering low-latency real time response at the edge of the network.
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| 17. |
- Heikkila, K., et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and the risk of severe asthma exacerbations : a meta-analysis of individual-participant data from 100 000 European men and women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 69:6, s. 775-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMany patients and healthcare professionals believe that work-related psychosocial stress, such as job strain, can make asthma worse, but this is not corroborated by empirical evidence. We investigated the associations between job strain and the incidence of severe asthma exacerbations in working-age European men and women. MethodsWe analysed individual-level data, collected between 1985 and 2010, from 102 175 working-age men and women in 11 prospective European studies. Job strain (a combination of high demands and low control at work) was self-reported at baseline. Incident severe asthma exacerbations were ascertained from national hospitalization and death registries. Associations between job strain and asthma exacerbations were modelled using Cox regression and the study-specific findings combined using random-effects meta-analyses. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10years, 1 109 individuals experienced a severe asthma exacerbation (430 with asthma as the primary diagnostic code). In the age- and sex-adjusted analyses, job strain was associated with an increased risk of severe asthma exacerbations defined using the primary diagnostic code (hazard ratio, HR: 1.27, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00, 1.61). This association attenuated towards the null after adjustment for potential confounders (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.55). No association was observed in the analyses with asthma defined using any diagnostic code (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.19). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that job strain is probably not an important risk factor for severe asthma exacerbations leading to hospitalization or death.
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| 18. |
- Heikkilä, K., et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and health-related lifestyle : Findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118 000 working adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health. - 0090-0036 .- 1541-0048. ; 103:11, s. 2090-2097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) variables. Factors used to define healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and leisure-time physical activity. Results. Individuals with job strain were more likely than those with no job strain to have 4 unhealthy lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.39) and less likely to have 4 healthy lifestyle factors (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99). The odds of adopting a healthy lifestyle during study follow-up were lower among individuals with high job strain than among those with low job strain (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.96). Conclusions. Work-related stress is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and the absence of stress is associated with healthy lifestyles, but longitudinal analyses suggest no straightforward cause-effect relationship between workrelated stress and lifestyle. Copyright © 2013 by the American Public Health Association®.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Henriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 297, s. 26-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for high-quality research regarding exercise interventions for persons with anxiety disorders. We investigate whether a 12-week exercise intervention, with different intensities, could reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders.286 patients were recruited from primary care in Sweden. Severity of symptoms was self-assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two group exercise programs with cardiorespiratory and resistance training and one control/standard treatment non-exercise group, with 1:1:1 allocation.Patients in both exercise groups showed larger improvements in both anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the control group. No differences in effect sizes were found between the two groups. To study a clinically relevant improvement, BAI and MADRS-S were dichotomized with the mean change in the control group as reference. In adjusted models the odds ratio for improved symptoms of anxiety after low-intensity training was 3.62 (CI 1.34-9.76) and after moderate/high intensity 4.88 (CI 1.66-14.39), for depressive symptoms 4.96 (CI 1.81-13.6) and 4.36 (CI 1.57-12.08) respectively. There was a significant intensity trend for improvement in anxiety symptoms.The use of self-rating measures which bears the risk of an under- or overestimation of symptoms.A 12-week group exercise program proved effective for patients with anxiety syndromes in primary care. These findings strengthen the view of physical exercise as an effective treatment and could be more frequently made available in clinical practice for persons with anxiety issues.
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
- Kivimäki, M., et al.
(författare)
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Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease : A collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 380:9852, s. 1491-1497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Published work assessing psychosocial stress (job strain) as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is inconsistent and subject to publication bias and reverse causation bias. We analysed the relation between job strain and coronary heart disease with a meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies. Methods We used individual records from 13 European cohort studies (1985-2006) of men and women without coronary heart disease who were employed at time of baseline assessment. We measured job strain with questions from validated job-content and demand-control questionnaires. We extracted data in two stages such that acquisition and harmonisation of job strain measure and covariables occurred before linkage to records for coronary heart disease. We defined incident coronary heart disease as the first non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death. Findings 30 214 (15%) of 197 473 participants reported job strain. In 1•49 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 7•5 years [SD 1•7]), we recorded 2358 events of incident coronary heart disease. After adjustment for sex and age, the hazard ratio for job strain versus no job strain was 1•23 (95% CI 1•10-1•37). This effect estimate was higher in published (1•43, 1•15-1•77) than unpublished (1•16, 1•02-1•32) studies. Hazard ratios were likewise raised in analyses addressing reverse causality by exclusion of events of coronary heart disease that occurred in the first 3 years (1•31, 1•15-1•48) and 5 years (1•30, 1•13-1•50) of follow-up. We noted an association between job strain and coronary heart disease for sex, age groups, socioeconomic strata, and region, and after adjustments for socioeconomic status, and lifestyle and conventional risk factors. The population attributable risk for job strain was 3•4%. Interpretation Our findings suggest that prevention of workplace stress might decrease disease incidence; however, this strategy would have a much smaller effect than would tackling of standard risk factors, such as smoking. Funding Finnish Work Environment Fund, the Academy of Finland, the Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research, the German Social Accident Insurance, the Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment, the BUPA Foundation, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, and the US National Institutes of Health.
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| 24. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia : an individual-participant meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - ENGLAND : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To examine whether physical inactivity is a risk factor for dementia, with attention to the role of cardiometabolic disease in this association and reverse causation bias that arises from changes in physical activity in the preclinical (prodromal) phase of dementia. DESIGN Meta-analysis of 19 prospective observational cohort studies. DATA SOURCES The Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium, the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, and the UK Data Service, including a total of 19 of a potential 9741 studies. REVIEW METHOD The search strategy was designed to retrieve individual-participant data from prospective cohort studies. Exposure was physical inactivity; primary outcomes were incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease; and the secondary outcome was incident cardiometabolic disease (that is, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke). Summary estimates were obtained using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Study population included 404 840 people (mean age 45.5 years, 57.7% women) who were initially free of dementia, had a measurement of physical inactivity at study entry, and were linked to electronic health records. In 6.0 million person-years at risk, we recorded 2044 incident cases of all-cause dementia. In studies with data on dementia subtype, the number of incident cases of Alzheimer's disease was 1602 in 5.2 million person-years. When measured < 10 years before dementia diagnosis (that is, the preclinical stage of dementia), physical inactivity was associated with increased incidence of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.71) and Alzheimer's disease (1.36, 1.12 to 1.65). When reverse causation was minimised by assessing physical activity >= 10 years before dementia onset, no difference in dementia risk between physically active and inactive participants was observed (hazard ratios 1.01 (0.89 to 1.14) and 0.96 (0.85 to 1.08) for the two outcomes). Physical inactivity was consistently associated with increased risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio 1.42, 1.25 to 1.61), coronary heart disease (1.24, 1.13 to 1.36), and stroke (1.16, 1.05 to 1.27). Among people in whom cardiometabolic disease preceded dementia, physical inactivity was non-significantly associated with dementia (hazard ratio for physical activity assessed > 10 before dementia onset 1.30, 0.79 to 2.14). CONCLUSIONS In analyses that addressed bias due to reverse causation, physical inactivity was not associated with all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's disease, although an indication of excess dementia risk was observed in a subgroup of physically inactive individuals who developed cardiometabolic disease.
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| 25. |
- Madsen, I. E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression : systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 47:8, s. 1342-1356
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
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| 26. |
- Magnusson Hanson, Linda L., et al.
(författare)
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Loss of healthy life years between ages 50-75 years attributed to job strain : analyses of 64,533 individuals from four prospective European cohort studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23, s. S64-S64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Poor working conditions potentially limit quality of life and the possibilities for individuals to remain in paid employment because of poor health. However, no studies so far have investigated how psychosocial working conditions might impact on how long older workers can expect to stay healthy. This study examines whether job strain in older workers is associated with healthy life expectancy (HLE).Methods: We used repeated measures data for 64,533 individuals from four cohort studies: Whitehall II (UK), Finnish Public Sector Study (Finland), GAZEL (France), and Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (Sweden). Job strain at baseline and two different measures of HLE were computed based on self-rated health and chronic health conditions. Multistate life table models were used to estimate partial life expectancy (LE) and HLE from ages 50 to 75 by job strain, cohort, occupational position and sex.Results: Job strain was consistently related to shorter HLE, but not total LE. Particularly men in lower occupational positions with job strain had shorter HLE. The HLE in good self-rated health was 2–3 years shorter in this group. The corresponding HLE based on chronic disease was almost 2 years shorter although the relation was less pronounced for GAZEL. Women with job strain in lower occupational positions also lived 1–2 fewer years in good health.Conclusions: The results indicate that job strain affects how long people remain healthy, and that interventions to prevent high job strain in older workers might enable people to work for longer in good health.
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| 27. |
- Medson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of monitoring the resolution of acute pulmonary embolism with non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at one day, one week, one, three, and six months
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 64:4, s. 1371-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cause of death with an incidence of approximately 1–2 cases per 1000 inhabitants in Europe and the United States. Treatment for PE is the administration of anticoagulants for at least three months. Purpose To assess the feasibility of following the resolution rate of PE over time using repeated imaging with a non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Material and Methods Patients (n = 18) diagnosed with acute PE via computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) underwent non-contrast-enhanced MRI at two tertiary hospitals. The first MRI was performed within 36 h of CTPA, with follow-up at one week, one, three, and six months. The MRI sequence used was a non-contrast-enhanced standard two-dimensional steady-state free precession under free-breathing and without respiratory or cardiac gating. All MRI scans were then compared to the initial CTPA. The emboli were assessed visually for location and size, and clot burden was calculated using the Qanadli score. Results MRI revealed complete resolution in seven cases at one week, in five cases at one month, and in three cases at three months. The most significant resolution of emboli occurred within the first few weeks, with only 10% of the diagnosed emboli persisting at the one-month examination. Conclusion The use of MRI imparts the ability to visualize PE without radiation and thus allows multiple examinations to be made, for example in studies investigating the resolution of PE or the evaluation of drug effect in clinical trials.
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| 28. |
- Mortensen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Informal caregiving as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in individuals with favourable and unfavourable psychosocial work environments : A longitudinal multi-cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1262-3636 .- 1878-1780. ; 44:1, s. 38-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To examine whether informal caregiving is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether job strain and social support at work modify the association.METHODS: Individual participant's data were pooled from three cohort studies-the French GAZEL study, the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) and the British Whitehall II study-a total of 21,243 study subjects. Informal caregiving was defined as unpaid care for a closely related person. Job strain was assessed using the demand-control model, and questions on co-worker and supervisor support were combined in a measure of social support at work. Incident T2D was ascertained using registry-based, clinically assessed and self-reported data.RESULTS: A total of 1058 participants developed T2D during the up to 10 years of follow-up. Neither informal caregiving (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92-1.30) nor high job strain (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.26) were associated with T2D risk, whereas low social support at work was a risk factor for T2D (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.37). Also, informal caregivers who were also exposed to low social support at work were at higher risk of T2D (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08-1.82) compared with those who were not informal caregivers and had high social support at work (multiplicative test for interaction, P=0.04; additive test for interaction, synergy index=10).CONCLUSION: Informal caregiving was not independently associated with T2D risk. However, low social support at work was a risk factor, and informal caregivers with low social support at work had even higher risks of T2D.
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| 29. |
- Müller, Vilhelm, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of pathogenic bacteria in complex samples using a smartphone based fluorescence microscope
- 2018
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 8:64, s. 36493-36502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnostics based on fluorescence imaging of biomolecules is typically performed in well-equipped laboratories and is in general not suitable for remote and resource limited settings. Here we demonstrate the development of a compact, lightweight and cost-effective smartphone-based fluorescence microscope, capable of detecting signals from fluorescently labeled bacteria. By optimizing a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, we demonstrate the use of the smartphone-based microscope for rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria. We evaluated the use of both a general nucleic acid stain as well as species-specific PNA probes and demonstrated that the mobile platform can detect bacteria with a sensitivity comparable to that of a conventional fluorescence microscope. The PNA-based FISH assay, in combination with the smartphone-based fluorescence microscope, allowed us to qualitatively analyze pathogenic bacteria in contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF) at initial concentrations prior to cultivation as low as 10 CFU per 30 g of PIF. Importantly, the detection can be done directly on the smartphone screen, without the need for additional image analysis. The assay should be straightforward to adapt for bacterial identification also in clinical samples. The cost-effectiveness, field-portability and simplicity of this platform will create various opportunities for its use in resource limited settings and point-of-care offices, opening up a myriad of additional applications based on other fluorescence-based diagnostic assays.
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| 30. |
- Neiburga, KD, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular Tissue Specific miRNA Profiles Reveal Novel Correlations with Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-273X. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non-coding RNAs have already been linked to CVD development and progression. While microRNAs (miRs) have been well studied in blood samples, there is little data on tissue-specific miRs in cardiovascular relevant tissues and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors. Tissue-specific miRs derived from Arteria mammaria interna (IMA) from 192 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were analyzed. The aims of the study were 1) to establish a reference atlas which can be utilized for identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, and 2) to relate these miRs to cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, 393 individual miRs showed sufficient expression levels and passed quality control for further analysis. We identified 17 miRs–miR-10b-3p, miR-10-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-363-3p, miR-548d-5p, miR-744-5p, miR-3117-3p, miR-5683 and miR-5701–significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk factors (correlation coefficient >0.2 in both directions, p-value (p < 0.006, false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05). Of particular interest, miR-5701 was positively correlated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. In addition, we found that miR-629-5p and miR-98-5p were significantly correlated with acute myocardial infarction. We provide a first atlas of miR profiles in IMA samples from CAD patients. In perspective, these miRs might play an important role in improved risk assessment, mechanistic disease understanding and local therapy of CAD.
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| 31. |
- Nyberg, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.189 Swedish patients aged 18-65years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. Severity of anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory self-assessment scale. Digit span, block design and matrix reasoning tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and the design fluency test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship of anxiety severity and cognitive functioning. Comparisons were also performed to a normed non-clinical population, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.More severe anxiety was associated with lower digit span test scores (R2=0.109, B=-0.040, p=0.018), but not with block design, matrix reasoning or design fluency tests scores, after adjustment for comorbid major depression in a multivariable model. When compared to a normed population, patients with anxiety performed significantly lower on the block design, digit span forward, digit span sequencing and matrix reasoning tests.Severity of anxiety among patients with anxiety disorder was associated with executive functions related to working memory, independently of comorbid major depression, but not with lower fluid intelligence. A further understanding of the executive behavioral control in patients with anxiety could allow for more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.
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| 32. |
- Nyberg, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety, cognitive ability and sick leave in patients with anxiety disorders in primary care: study protocol for PHYSBI, a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAnxiety disorders are common and associated with reduced quality of life, impaired physical and mental health and an increased economic burden for society. While evidence exists for the effectiveness of exercise treatment for depression, there is a need for high-quality randomized clinical trials (RCT) with a focus on anxiety disorders. Further research is also warranted regarding outcomes of cognitive function, other health-related variables, dose-response effects, work ability and potential mechanisms.Method/designUsing a parallel, RCT design with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention and one-year follow-up), we aim to assess the effect of a 12-week exercise intervention in primary care patients with anxiety disorders (n=180), diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I; Swedish version 6.0.0d DSM-IV). Participants are randomly assigned to three physical exercise groups: one low-intensity training group, one moderate- to high intensity training group and one control non-exercise group. Assessments include measures of anxiety symptoms, cognitive function, physical health variables such as cardiovascular fitness, sick-leave and levels of hormones/cytokines in blood samples.DiscussionFindings from this study will provide novel insights regarding the effects of exercise treatment on not only anxiety symptoms but also other outcomes including mental and physical health, cognitive function, dose-response effects, work ability/sick leave and on biomarkers that may help explain underlying mechanisms.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03247270 August 8, 2017.
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| 33. |
- Nyberg, Solja T., et al.
(författare)
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Association of alcohol use with years lived without major chronic diseases : A multicohort study from the IPD-Work consortium and UK Biobank
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of several chronic diseases. In this multicohort study, we estimated the number of life-years without major chronic diseases according to different characteristics of alcohol use.Methods In primary analysis, we pooled individual-level data from up to 129,942 adults across 12 cohort studies with baseline data collection on alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and history between 1986 and 2005 (the IPD-Work Consortium). Self-reported alcohol consumption was categorised according to UK guidelines - non-drinking (never or former drinkers); moderate consumption (1-14 units); heavy consumption (>14 units per week). We further subdivided moderate and heavy drinkers by binge drinking pattern (alcohol-induced loss of consciousness). In addition, we assessed problem drinking using linked data on hospitalisations due to alcohol abuse or poisoning. Follow-up for chronic diseases for all participants included incident type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and respiratory disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as ascertained via linkage to national morbidity and mortality registries, repeated medical examinations, and/or self-report. We estimated years lived without any of these diseases between 40 and 75 years of age according to sex and characteristics of alcohol use. We repeated the main analyses using data from 427,621 participants in the UK Biobank cohort study.Findings During 1.73 million person-years at risk, 22,676 participants in IPD-Work cohorts developed at least one chronic condition. From age 40 to 75 years, never-drinkers [men: 29.3 (95%CI 27.9-30.8) years, women 29.8 (29.2 - 30.4) years)] and moderate drinkers with no binge drinking habit [men 28.7 (28.4-29.0) years, women 29.6 (29.4-29.7) years] had the longest disease-free life span. A much shorter disease-free life span was apparent in participants who experienced alcohol poisoning [men 23.4 (20.9-26.0) years, women 24.0 (21.4-26.5) years] and those with self-reported heavy overall consumption and binge drinking [men: 26.0 (25.3-26.8), women 27.5 (26.4 - 28.5) years]. The pattern of results for alcohol poisoning and self-reported alcohol consumption was similar in UK Biobank. In IPD-Work and UK Biobank, differences in disease-free years between self-reported moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers were 1.5 years or less.Interpretation Individuals with alcohol poisonings or heavy self-reported overall consumption combined with a binge drinking habit have a marked 3- to 6-year loss in healthy longevity. Differences in disease-free life between categories of self-reported weekly alcohol consumption were smaller.
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| 34. |
- Nyberg, Solja T., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Healthy Lifestyle With Years Lived Without Major Chronic Diseases
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Internal Medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6106 .- 2168-6114. ; 180:5, s. 760-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cohort study examines disease-free life-years in participants with varying combinations of lifestyle risk factors.Question: Are different combinations of lifestyle factors associated with years lived without chronic diseases?Findings: In a multicohort study of 116 & x202f;043 participants, a statistically significant association between overall healthy lifestyle score and an increased number of disease-free life-years was noted. Of 16 different lifestyle profiles studied, the 4 that were associated with the greatest disease-free life years included body mass index lower than 25 and at least 2 of 3 factors: never smoking, physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption.Meaning: Various healthy lifestyle profiles appear to be associated with extended gains in life lived without type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer.Importance: It is well established that selected lifestyle factors are individually associated with lower risk of chronic diseases, but how combinations of these factors are associated with disease-free life-years is unknown.Objective: To estimate the association between healthy lifestyle and the number of disease-free life-years.Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective multicohort study, including 12 European studies as part of the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium, was performed. Participants included 116 & x202f;043 people free of major noncommunicable disease at baseline from August 7, 1991, to May 31, 2006. Data analysis was conducted from May 22, 2018, to January 21, 2020.Exposures: Four baseline lifestyle factors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were each allocated a score based on risk status: optimal (2 points), intermediate (1 point), or poor (0 points) resulting in an aggregated lifestyle score ranging from 0 (worst) to 8 (best). Sixteen lifestyle profiles were constructed from combinations of these risk factors.Main Outcomes and Measures: The number of years between ages 40 and 75 years without chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Results: Of the 116 & x202f;043 people included in the analysis, the mean (SD) age was 43.7 (10.1) years and 70 & x202f;911 were women (61.1%). During 1.45 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up, 12.5 years; range, 4.9-18.6 years), 17 & x202f;383 participants developed at least 1 chronic disease. There was a linear association between overall healthy lifestyle score and the number of disease-free years, such that a 1-point improvement in the score was associated with an increase of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.83-1.08) disease-free years in men and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.75-1.02) years in women. Comparing the best lifestyle score with the worst lifestyle score was associated with 9.9 (95% CI 6.7-13.1) additional years without chronic diseases in men and 9.4 (95% CI 5.4-13.3) additional years in women (P < .001 for dose-response). All of the 4 lifestyle profiles that were associated with the highest number of disease-free years included a body-mass index less than 25 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and at least 2 of the following factors: never smoking, physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption. Participants with 1 of these lifestyle profiles reached age 70.3 (95% CI, 69.9-70.8) to 71.4 (95% CI, 70.9-72.0) years disease free depending on the profile and sex.Conclusions and Relevance: In this multicohort analysis, various healthy lifestyle profiles appeared to be associated with gains in life-years without major chronic diseases.
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| 35. |
- Olausson, N, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the plasma microvesicle proteome during the ovarian hyperstimulation phase of assisted reproductive technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 13645-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism is increased during the first trimester of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conception. We previously found that haemostatic plasma variables changed but within normal limits during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) concomitant with a major increase in plasma microvesicles (MVs) and markers indicating cell activation. We now explored the proteome of these MVs. Thirty-one women undergoing ART were blood sampled at down-regulation (DR) of oestrogen and at high level stimulation (HLS) with its 10–100-fold increased oestrogen level. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the proteome. We identified 306 proteins in the MVs and 72 had changed significantly at HLS compared to DR and more than 20% of them were associated with haemostasis. Thus, proteins related to both haemostasis and complement activation altered in plasma MVs in parallel with MV activation during COH. This needs to be further explored in the clinical context.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Olausson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization with fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer : Nationwide cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : WILEY. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 18:8, s. 1965-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The assisted reproductive technique in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during the first trimester. Objectives To compare the incidence of VTE and PE during the first trimester of IVF pregnancies using fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer to that during natural pregnancies. Patient/Methods Nationwide Swedish registry-based cohort study of women who gave birth (n = 902 891) at the age of 15-50 years to their first child from the 1st of January 1992 until the 31st of December 2012. Exposure groups were IVF with fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Incidences of VTE and PE were calculated, and time-varying hazard ratios estimated for all trimesters after fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer IVF and compared to natural conception. Results and Conclusion Women giving birth after fresh embryo transfer IVF had a more than eightfold increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR] 8.96, 95% CI 6.33 to 12.67) and pulmonary embolism during the first trimester, (HR 8.69, 95% CI 3.83 to 19.71) compared to women giving birth after natural conception. The incidence of VTE in women giving birth after frozen-thawed embryo transfer was not increased during the first trimester. To conclude, fresh embryo transfer IVF was associated with a significantly increased incidence of VTE and PE during the first trimester. These results suggest that frozen-thawed embryo transfer could be a preferred method of IVF with a minimised maternal risk.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Peña Queralta, J., et al.
(författare)
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Communication-free and index-free distributed formation control algorithm for multi-robot systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1877-0509. ; , s. 431-438
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pattern formation algorithms for swarms of robots can find applications in many fields from surveillance and monitoring to rescue missions in post-disaster scenarios. Complex formation configurations can be of interest to be the central element in an exhibition or maximize surface coverage for surveillance of a specific area. Existing algorithms that enable complex configurations usually require a centralized control, a communication protocol among the swarm in order to achieve consensus, or predefined instructions for individual agents. Nonetheless, trivial shapes such as flocks can be accomplished with low sensing and interaction requirements. We propose a pattern formation algorithm that enables a variety of shape configurations with a distributed, communication-free and index-free implementation with collision avoidance. Our algorithm is based on a formation definition that does not require indexing of the agents. We show the potential of the algorithm by simulating the formation of non-trivial shapes such as a wedge and a T-shaped configuration. We compare the performance of the algorithm for single and double integrator models for the dynamics of the agents. Finally, we run a preliminary test of our algorithm by implementing it with a group of small cars equipped with a Lidar for sensing and orientation calculation.
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| 43. |
- Peña Queralta, J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of LPWAN technologies on unlicensed bands for M2M communication in the IoT : Beyond Lora and Lorawan
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 16th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing (MobiSPC 2019). - : Elsevier. ; , s. 343-350
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low power wide area networks (LPWAN) are widely used in IoT applications as they offer low power consumption and long-range communication. LoRaWAN and SigFox have taken the top positions in the unlicensed ISM bands, while LTE-M and NB-IoT have emerged within cellular networks. We focus on unlicensed bands operation because of their availability for both private and public use with one’s own infrastructure. New technologies have since been developed to overcome limitations of LoRaWAN and SigFox, based on LoRa or other modulation techniques, and are finding their way mainly into the industrial IoT. These include Symphony Link or Ingenu RPMA. To the best of our knowledge, previous works have not been focused on comparing LPWAN technologies in-depth including alternatives to the link and network layers over LoRa other than LoRaWAN. This paper provides a detailed comparative study of these technologies and potential application scenarios. We defend that LoRaWAN is the most suitable for small-scale or public deployments, while Symphony Link provides a robust solution for industrial environments. SigFox is one the most widely deployed networks; and RPMA has the advantage of using the 2.4GHz band, equally regulated in most countries.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Portelius, Erik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Brain Amyloid-Beta Fragment Signatures in Pathological Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease by Hybrid Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurodegenerative Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2854 .- 1660-2862. ; 15:1, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are composed of amyloid-beta (A beta) especially N-truncated forms including A beta(4-42). These are thought to be neurotoxic. However, individuals may live for decades with biomarker evidence of cerebral beta-amyloidosis (positive amyloid PET imaging and/or low cerebrospinal fluid levels of the 42 amino acid form of A beta) without cognitive impairment. This condition may be termed pathological ageing (PA). Objective: To investigate whether there is a difference in the cerebral A beta fragment pattern in brain specimens from non-demented (PA) and demented (AD) individuals expressing the full neuropathological triad of AD (senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration). Methods: We extracted A beta using formic acid and hybrid (6E10 and 4G8) immunoprecipitation from fresh-frozen temporal cortex tissue of 6 elderly individuals (mean age +/- SD:89 +/- 3.5 years) with PA and 10 patients with AD (mean age +/- SD: 72 +/- 8.5 years). The full spectrum of A beta peptides was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: AD patients had generally more N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamate-modified A beta than PA patients, whereas PA patients had on average more A beta(1-40) than AD patients. Conclusion: Senile plaques in AD may have an AB fragment composition distinct from PA with more N-terminally and pyroglutamate-modified A beta peptides that may be linked to neurotoxicity. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 46. |
- Qingqing, L., et al.
(författare)
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Edge Computing for Mobile Robots : Multi-Robot Feature-Based Lidar Odometry with FPGAs
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 12th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network, ICMU 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Offloading computationally intensive tasks such as lidar or visual odometry from mobile robots has multiple benefits. Resource constrained robots can make use of their network capabilities to reduce the data processing load and be able to perform a larger number tasks in a more efficient manner. However, previous works have mostly focused on cloud offloading, which increases latency and reduces reliability, or high-end edge devices. Instead, we explore the utilization of FPGAs at the edge for computational offloading with minimal latency and high parallelism. We present the potential for modelling feature-based odometry in VHDL and utilizing FPGA implementations.
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| 47. |
- Queralta, J. Pena, et al.
(författare)
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Edge-AI in LoRa-based Health Monitoring : Fall Detection System with Fog Computing and LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 42ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (TSP). - : IEEE. ; , s. 601-604
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote healthcare monitoring has exponentially grown over the past decade together with the increasing penetration of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. IoT-based health systems help to improve the quality of healthcare services through real-time data acquisition and processing. However, traditional IoT architectures have some limitations. For instance, they cannot properly function in areas with poor or unstable Internet. Low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, including long-range communication protocols such as LoRa, are a potential candidate to overcome the lacking network infrastructure. Nevertheless, LPWANs have limited transmission bandwidth not suitable for high data rate applications such as fall detection systems or electrocardiography monitoring. Therefore, data processing and compression are required at the edge of the network. We propose a system architecture with integrated artificial intelligence that combines Edge and Fog computing, LPWAN technology, IoT and deep learning algorithms to perform health monitoring tasks. In particular, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this architecture via a use case of fall detection using recurrent neural networks. We have implemented a fall detection system from the sensor node and Edge gateway to cloud services and end-user applications. The system uses inertial data as input and achieves an average precision of over 90% and an average recall over 95% in fall detection.
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| 48. |
- Queralta, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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FPGA-based Architecture for a Low-Cost 3D Lidar Design and Implementation from Multiple Rotating 2D Lidars with ROS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE Sensors. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728116341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional representations and maps are the key behind self-driving vehicles and many types of advanced autonomous robots. Localization and mapping algorithms can achieve much higher levels of accuracy with dense 3D point clouds. However, the cost of a multiple-channel three-dimensional lidar with a 360°field of view is at least ten times the cost of an equivalent single-channel two-dimensional lidar. Therefore, while 3D lidars have become an essential component of self-driving vehicles, their cost has limited their integration and penetration within smaller robots. We present an FPGA-based 3D lidar built with multiple inexpensive RPLidar A1 2D lidars, which are rotated via a servo motor and their signals combined with an FPGA board. A C++ package for the Robot Operating System (ROS) has been written, which publishes a 3D point cloud. The mapping of points from the two-dimensional lidar output to the three-dimensional point cloud is done at the FPGA level, as well as continuous calibration of the motor speed and lidar orientation based on a built-in landmark recognition. This inexpensive design opens a wider range of possibilities for lower-end and smaller autonomous robots, which can be able to produce three-dimensional world representations. We demonstrate the possibilities of our design by mapping different environments.
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| 49. |
- Sarker, V. K., et al.
(författare)
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A Survey on LoRa for IoT : Integrating Edge Computing
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 4th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728117966 ; , s. 295-300
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased automation and intelligence in computer systems have revealed limitations of Cloud-based computing such as unpredicted latency in safety-critical and performance-sensitive applications. The amount of data generated from ubiquitous sensors has reached a degree where it becomes impractical to always store and process in the Cloud. Edge computing brings computation and storage to the Edge of the network near to where the data originates yielding reduced network load and better performance of services. In parallel, new wireless communication technologies have appeared to facilitate the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT). Instead of seeking higher data rates, low-power wide-area network aims at battery-powered sensor nodes and devices which require reliable communication for a prolonged period of time. Recently, Long Range (LoRa) has become a popular choice for IoT-based solutions. In this paper, we explore and analyze different application fields and related works which use LoRa and investigate potential improvement opportunities and considerations. Furthermore, we propose a generic architecture to integrate Edge computation capability in IoT-based applications for enhanced performance.
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| 50. |
- Sarker, V. K., et al.
(författare)
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Offloading SLAM for Indoor Mobile Robots with Edge-Fog-Cloud Computing
- 2019
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Ingår i: 1st international conference on advances in science, engineering and robotics technology 2019, icasert 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728134451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor mobile robots are widely used in industrial environments such as large logistic warehouses. They are often in charge of collecting or sorting products. For such robots, computation-intensive operations account for a significant percentage of the total energy consumption and consequently affect battery life. Besides, in order to keep both the power consumption and hardware complexity low, simple micro-controllers or single-board computers are used as onboard local control units. This limits the computational capabilities of robots and consequently their performance. Offloading heavy computation to Cloud servers has been a widely used approach to solve this problem for cases where large amounts of sensor data such as real-time video feeds need to be analyzed. More recently, Fog and Edge computing are being leveraged for offloading tasks such as image processing and complex navigation algorithms involving non-linear mathematical operations. In this paper, we present a system architecture for offloading computationally expensive localization and mapping tasks to smart Edge gateways which use Fog services. We show how Edge computing brings computational capabilities of the Cloud to the robot environment without compromising operational reliability due to connection issues. Furthermore, we analyze the power consumption of a prototype robot vehicle in different modes and show how battery life can be significantly improved by moving the processing of data to the Edge layer.
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