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1.	Stjernström, Olof, et al. (author) Den hållbara regionen : Om förutsättningar och framtidsmöjligheter för en hållbar samhällsutveckling i Västerbottens län - ett projektförslag 2001 Reports (other academic/artistic)
2.	Krupic, Ferid, et al. (author) The Influence of Age, Gender and Religion on Willingness to be an Organ Donor: Experience of Religious Muslims Living in Sweden. 2019 In: Journal of religion and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6571 .- 0022-4197. ; 58, s. 847-859 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The transplantation of organs is one of the most successful medical advances in recent decades, and transplantation is the treatment of choice for severe organ failure worldwide. Despite this situation and the general acknowledgment of organ donation (OD) as a global priority, the demand for organs outstrips the supply in virtually every country in the world. The study aims to elucidate whether age, gender and religion influence decision-making about organ donation in religious Muslims living in Sweden Data were collected through three group interviews using open-ended questions and qualitative content analysis. Twenty-seven participants, 15 males and 12 females from four countries, participated in the focus group interviews. The analysis of the collected data resulted in three main categories: "Information and knowledge about organ donation," "The priorities when deciding about organ donation" and "The religious aspects of organ donation," including a number of subcategories. Good information about and knowledge of OD, priorities in OD, importance of the fact that religion must be studied and taught daily and religious education were only a few of the factors informants emphasized as predictors of the total and successful donation of organs. Age, gender or religion did not have an impact on organ donation. High levels of education through religious education and good information via various media, as well as a good knowledge of the Swedish language, are predictors of improved OD. In order to overcome religious ideology as a source of misinformation relating to OD and to promote increased OD in the future, specific intervention studies and the improved involvement of religious communities and education in schools and the healthcare system are vital and must be a starting point for improved OD.
3.	Westin, Jonas, et al. (author) Godsflödesanalyser för Trafikverket region Nord och Mitt 2016 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Denna rapport är framtagen och finansierad på uppdrag av Trafikverket Region Nord och Region Mitt. Syftet med rapporten har varit är att sammanställa och redovisa godsflöden längs vägar, järnvägar och sjörutter i Trafikverkets region Nord och Mitt så som de beskrivs i Trafikverkets Samgodsmodell. Trafikverkets Samgodsmodell är central för Trafikverkets inriktnings- och åtgärdsplanering, vid skapandet av en lägesbild över godsflöden och godstransportefterfrågan i regionen är det därför viktigt att bygga arbetet utifrån denna modell.
4.	Andernord, Daniel, et al. (author) Anterior cruciate ligament graft selection and fixation 2015 In: Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation, Second Edition. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642365690 ; , s. 817-822 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract This chapter presents a nonanatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique. The reconstruction is performed using hamstring tendons that are harvested, maintaining intact the tibial insertion. The anteromedial bundle is restored placing the graft in the “over-the-top position, while the posterolateral bundle is replaced retrieving the graft from a femoral tunnel. Graft fixation is obtained using metal staples. Hundreds of patients have been treated with this technique during the last 10 years, including athletes with high functional requests. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of knee kinematic confirmed the effectiveness of the technique. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, 2015, All Rights Reserved.
5.	Arnek, Magnus, et al. (author) Upphandling av drift och vägunderhåll i norra Sveriges inland : om marknadsförutsättningar och regionala effekter 1999 Book (other academic/artistic)
6.	Beck, Joel, et al. (author) Association of extended duration of sciatic leg pain with worse outcome after lumbar disc herniation surgery: a register study in 6216 patients 2021 In: Journal of Neurosurgery-Spine. - 1547-5654. ; 34, s. 759-767 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE Sciatica is the hallmark symptom of a lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Up to 90% of LDH patients recover within 12 weeks regardless of treatment. With continued deteriorating symptoms and low patient quality of life, most surgeons recommend surgical discectomy. However, there is not yet a clear consensus regarding the proper timing of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the duration of preoperative leg pain (sciatic neuralgia) is associated with patient-reported levels of postoperative leg pain reduction and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a prospectively collected data set from a large national cohort. METHODS All patients aged 18?65 years undergoing a lumbar discectomy during 2013?2016 and registered in Swespine (the Swedish national spine registry) with 1 year of postoperative follow-up data were included in the study (n = 6216). The patients were stratified into 4 groups according to preoperative pain duration: < 3, 3?12, 12?24, or > 24 months. Patient results assessed with the numeric rating scale (NRS) for leg pain (rated from 0 to 10), global assessment of leg pain, EQ-5D, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and patient satisfaction with the final surgical outcome were analyzed and compared with preoperative values and between groups. RESULTS A significant improvement was seen 1 year postoperatively regardless of preoperative pain duration (change in NRS score: mean ?4.83, 95% CI ?4.73 to ?4.93 in the entire cohort). The largest decrease in leg pain NRS score (mean ?5.59, 95% CI ?5.85 to ?5.33) was seen in the operated group with the shortest sciatica duration (< 3 months). The patients with a leg pain duration in excess of 12 months had a significantly higher risk of having unchanged radiating leg pain 1 year postoperatively compared with those with < 12-month leg pain duration at the time of surgery (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.81?3.21, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with the shortest leg pain duration (< 3 months) reported superior outcomes in all measured parameters. More significantly, using a 12-month pain duration as a cutoff, patients who had a lumbar discectomy with a preoperative symptom duration < 12 months experienced a larger reduction in leg pain and were more satisfied with their surgical outcome and perception of postoperative leg pain than those with > 12 months of sciatic leg pain.
7.	Beck, Joel, et al. (author) Full- Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy vs Standard Discectomy: A Noninferiority Study on Clinically Relevant Changes 2023 In: International Journal of Spine Surgery. - 2211-4599. ; 17:3, s. 364-369 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Surgery for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) has had a remarkable technological development during the past 20 years. Microscopic discectomy has traditionally been the gold standard method to treat symptomatic LDH before the introduction of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD). The FELD procedure allows unsurpassed magnification and visualization and is currently the most minimally invasive surgical technique. In this study, FELD was compared with standard surgery for LDH, with a focus on medically relevant changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FELD is noninferior to other surgical methods for LDH surgery in the most common PROMs, including postoperative leg pain and disability, while still reaching the necessary thresholds for relevant clinical and medical improvements. Methods: Patients undergoing a FELD procedure at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, between 2013 to 2018 were included. A total of 80 (41 men and 39 women) patients were enrolled. The FELD patients were matched 1:5 to controls from the Swedish spine register (Swespine) who had a standard microscopic or mini- open discectomy surgery. PROMs, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), as well as the patient acceptable symptom states (PASS) and the minimal important change (MIC), were used to compare the efficacy of the 2 surgical approaches. Results: The FELD group achieved medically relevant and significant improvements noninferior to standard surgery within the predefined thresholds of MIC and PASS. No differences could be found in disability measured by ODI FELD -28.4 (SD 19.2) vs standard surgery -28.7 (SD 18.9) or leg pain NRSLeg FELD -4.35 (SD 2.93) vs standard surgery -4.99 (SD 3.12). All intragroup score changes were significant. Conclusions: The FELD results are not inferior to standard surgery 1 year postoperatively after LDH surgery. There were no medically significant differences regarding MIC achieved or final PASS in any of the measured PROMs, including leg pain, back pain, or disability (ODI) between the surgical methods. Clinical Relevance: The present study highlights that FELD is noninferior to standard surgery in clinically relevant PROMs. Level of Evidence: 2.
8.	Beck, Joel, et al. (author) Low lordosis is a common finding in young lumbar disc herniation patients 2020 In: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-1153. ; 7:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose: The sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine and pelvis can be classified into several subtypes. It has been suggested that the risk of developing certain pathologies, such as a lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is affected by spinal sagittal profiles. The main aim of this study was to investigate the sagittal profile in young patients surgically treated for a lumbar disc herniation and if a discectomy would alter the sagittal parameters. Methods: Sixteen active young patients (mean age 18.3 ± 3.2 SD) with a lumbar disc herniation having a discectomy were included. A classification according to Roussouly of the sagittal parameters was made by two senior spinal surgeons, both pre-operatively and post-operatively on radiographs. The distribution of sagittal parameters and spinopelvic profiles were analysed and compared to a previous established healthy normal population. Results: This series of active young patients with LDH exhibited a low lumbar lordosis dominance, with Roussouly sagittal profiles type 1 and type 2 accounting for more than 75% of the examined patients. An analysis of the erect radiographs revealed no significant changes in the post-operative sagittal profile. Conclusions: This study showed that sagittal spinal alignment according to Roussouly in a young population with LDH is skewed compared with a normal population cohort. Furthermore, the lack of post-operative correction is suggestive of a non-ephemeral response to a LDH. Roussouly type 2 spinal sagittal profile may be a risk factor in young individuals suffering a disc herniation. © 2020, The Author(s).
9.	Beck, Joel, et al. (author) Successful Introduction of Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Interlaminar Discectomy in Sweden 2020 In: International Journal of Spine Surgery. - : International Journal of Spine Surgery. - 2211-4599. ; 14:4, s. 563-570 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The introduction of full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) procedures has made it possible to challenge microscopic discectomy as the gold standard method to treat lumbar disc herniations. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the introductory-phase postoperative clinical improvement for FELD patients regarding leg pain, patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), complications, reoperations, and learning curve analysis. Methods: All patients who underwent FELD at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, were prospectively included during 2013- 2017. A total of 92 patients were enrolled and followed up for 1 year. The characteristics of the study population, degree of leg pain, complications, learning curve, and PROMs were retrieved from patient records and the National Quality Register for Spine Surgery (Swespine). Results: The postoperative results demonstrated major improvements; leg pain measured by a numerical rating scale (0-10) decreased from 7.4 +/- 2.25 to 2.76 +/- 2.70, with a mean improvement of -4.54, (-3.62-5.46) 95% confidence interval (CI). The Oswestry Disability Index decreased by 30.48 ( 36.27-23.73) with a 95% CI, and the EuroQol-5D increased by 0.39 (0.21 0.57) 95% CI. An assessment of the final surgical result showed that 91.6% ranked their general situation as better or much better. Specifically, regarding postoperative leg pain, 87% regarded their leg pain as completely gone, much better, or somewhat better, while 13% regarded their leg pain as unchanged or worse. A learning curve analysis showed that for every 10th FELD procedure performed; the duration of surgery decreased by 2 minutes. Conclusions: In our study, the introduction of FELD as a safe, quick procedure for the treatment of lumbar disc herniations can yield significant gains in patient-reported outcome measurements and pain reduction. The rate of recurrence and complications is comparable to that of standard surgery.
10.	Bern, Sofia, et al. (author) ”Det är ju som vilken annan bil som helst” : röster om elbilar 2015 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)
11.	Blixt, Simon, et al. (author) Reliability of thoracolumbar burst fracture classification in the Swedish Fracture Register 2024 In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2474. ; 25:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) is a national quality register for all types of fractures in Sweden. Spine fractures have been included since 2015 and are classified using a modified AOSpine classification. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the classification of thoracolumbar burst fractures in the SFR.METHODS: Assessments of medical images were conducted in 277 consecutive patients with a thoracolumbar burst fracture (T10-L3) identified in the SFR. Two independent reviewers classified the fractures according to the AOSpine classification, with a third reviewer resolving disagreement. The combined results of the reviewers were considered the gold standard. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the reviewers was determined with Cohen's kappa and percent agreement. The SFR classification was compared with the gold standard using positive predictive values (PPV), Cohen's kappa and percent agreement.RESULTS: The reliability between reviewers was high (Cohen's kappa 0.70-0.97). The PPV for correctly classifying burst fractures in the SFR was high irrespective of physician experience (76-89%), treatment (82% non-operative, 95% operative) and hospital type (83% county, 95% university). The inter-rater reliability of B-type injuries and the overall SFR classification compared with the gold standard was low (Cohen's kappa 0.16 and 0.17 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The SFR demonstrates a high PPV for accurately classifying burst fractures, regardless of physician experience, treatment and hospital type. However, the reliability of B-type injuries and overall classification in the SFR was found to be low. Future studies on burst fractures using SFR data where classification is important should include a review of medical images to verify the diagnosis.
12.	Blixt, Simon, et al. (author) Reliability of thoracolumbar burst fracture classification in the Swedish Fracture Register 2024 In: BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2474. ; 25:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) is a national quality register for all types of fractures in Sweden. Spine fractures have been included since 2015 and are classified using a modified AOSpine classification. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the classification of thoracolumbar burst fractures in the SFR.Methods Assessments of medical images were conducted in 277 consecutive patients with a thoracolumbar burst fracture (T10-L3) identified in the SFR. Two independent reviewers classified the fractures according to the AOSpine classification, with a third reviewer resolving disagreement. The combined results of the reviewers were considered the gold standard. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the reviewers was determined with Cohen's kappa and percent agreement. The SFR classification was compared with the gold standard using positive predictive values (PPV), Cohen's kappa and percent agreement.Results The reliability between reviewers was high (Cohen's kappa 0.70-0.97). The PPV for correctly classifying burst fractures in the SFR was high irrespective of physician experience (76-89%), treatment (82% non-operative, 95% operative) and hospital type (83% county, 95% university). The inter-rater reliability of B-type injuries and the overall SFR classification compared with the gold standard was low (Cohen's kappa 0.16 and 0.17 respectively).Conclusions The SFR demonstrates a high PPV for accurately classifying burst fractures, regardless of physician experience, treatment and hospital type. However, the reliability of B-type injuries and overall classification in the SFR was found to be low. Future studies on burst fractures using SFR data where classification is important should include a review of medical images to verify the diagnosis.
13.	Blixt, S., et al. (author) Validity of the short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture 2023 In: European Spine Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 32, s. 1471-1479 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PurposeThe aim of this study was to validate the use of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture.MethodsCross-sectional cohort of individuals that had sustained a spine fracture (C1-L5) one year earlier. Patients were asked to fill out SMFA, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to assess convergent validity for each patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess PROM agreement.Results82 patients completed all questionnaires. The correlations between SMFA Dysfunction and Bother indices and ODI were 0.89 and 0.86, with EQ-5D-3L index 0.89 and 0.80, and with EQ-VAS 0.80 and 0.73, respectively. The correlation for separate categories of the SMFA dysfunction index (daily activities, emotional status, arm and hand function, mobility) ranged between 0.71-0.87 for ODI, 0.72-0.84 for EQ-5D-3L index, and 0.67-0.77 for EQ-VAS. A selection of the ten items of SMFA that had the highest correlations with ODI resulted in a correlation of 0.91. The agreements between SMFA indices and ODI in Bland-Altman plots were good with small differential biases and minimal proportional biases, but worse for SMFA and EQ-5D-3L index and EQ-VAS.ConclusionThe SMFA indices are highly correlated with ODI in patients with a spine fracture. The Dysfunction index and Bother index, or selected SMFA items, may be used to assess outcome in patients with spine fractures as an alternative to ODI.
14.	Capek, Vojtech, 1977, et al. (author) Nighttime versus Fulltime Brace Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Which Brace to Choose? A Retrospective Study on 358 Patients 2023 In: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. - 2077-0383. ; 12:24 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare the effectiveness of fulltime Boston Brace (BB) and Providence Nighttime Brace (PNB) treatments in moderate scoliotic curves (20-40 degrees) at a single institution and to carry out analyses for different subgroups. Inclusion criteria: idiopathic scoliosis, age >= 10 years, curve 20-40 degrees, Risser <= 3 or Sanders stage <= 6 and curve apex below T6 vertebra. Exclusion criteria: incomplete radiological or clinical follow-up and previous treatment. The primary outcome was failure according to the SRS outcome assessment: increase in main curve > 5 degrees and/or increase in main curve beyond 45 degrees and/or surgery. The subgroup analyses were secondary outcomes. In total, 249 patients in the PNB and 109 in the BB groups were included. The BB showed a higher success rate compared to the PNB (59% and 46%, respectively) in both crude and adjusted comparisons (p = 0.029 and p = 0.007, respectively). The subgroup analyses showed higher success rates in pre-menarchal females, thoracic curves and curves > 30 degrees in the BB group compared to the PNB group. Based on the findings, fulltime braces should be the treatment of choice for more immature patients and patients with larger and thoracic curves while nighttime braces might be sufficient for post-menarchal females and patients with lumbar and smaller curves.
15.	Capek, Vojtech, 1977, et al. (author) Providence nighttime brace is as effective as fulltime Boston brace for female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A retrospective analysis of a randomized cohort. 2022 In: North American Spine Society journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5484. ; 12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Progressive moderate scoliotic curves in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are usually treated with a fulltime brace, e.g., the Boston brace (BB). The Providence nighttime brace (PNB), is an alternative which is designed to reach the same treatment effectiveness by nighttime wear only. Few studies compared treatment effectiveness between full and nighttime bracing with contradictory results.Immature female patients older than 10 years with progressive moderate AIS curves with an apex below T6 were randomized into PNB (n=62) or BB (n=49) treatment. Inclusion criteria were AIS, age ≥ 10 years, no previous treatment, main curve Cobb angle 20°-40° and skeletal immaturity. The increase of the main curve by > 5° of Cobb angle at the final follow-up was established as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included (1) the Scoliosis Research Society assessment criteria of effectiveness for brace studies, (2) progression of secondary curves, (3) in-brace correction and (4) compliance to the treatment. The patients were followed until 1 year after reaching maturity.A total of 105 patients (n=62 and n=43 in PNB and BB group, respectively) completed the follow-up (95%). In the PNB group, 71% patients were treated successfully compared to 65% patients in the BB group (p=.67). No significant difference of the curve progression was found between the groups (3.1°±6.3° and 2.6°±8.3° in PNB and BB group, respectively; p=.73). No significant differences were found for the thoracic or thoracolumbar/lumbar subgroups. PNB showed a superior in-brace correction for all curve types. One of four secondary curves progressed > 5°. The compliance to the treatment was significantly higher in the PNB than BB group.Both brace regimes are equally effective in treating moderate AIS curves with apex of the main curve below T6 in immature female patients older than 10 years.
16.	Carmont, Michael R, 1972, et al. (author) Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Basketball 2020 In: Basketball Sports Medicine and Science. Laver L., Kocaoglu B., Cole B., Arundale A.J.H., Bytomski J., Amendola A. (eds). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662610701 ; , s. 481-489 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract Basketball is a springing, jumping, and sprinting sport with players repetitively jumping to play shots and to make and receive passes or work sudden sprints together with the start–stop nature of the game. In the United States, sporting activity was responsible for 68% tendon ruptures, of which basketball was the most commonly involved sport, accounting for 48% of sports-related ruptures. There has been considerable debate as to whether operative or nonoperative treatment leads to the best outcome. Operative treatment may reduce the resultant calf muscle weakness, tendon elongation, predictability of outcome, and re-rupture rate compared with nonoperative treatment. Patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery are significantly more likely to report a satisfactory subjective outcome compared with open surgery. The overall rate of return to play (RTP) in all sports following Achilles tendon rupture has been estimated to 80%. However, for players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) who sustained an Achilles tendon rupture, more than a third (36.8%) either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games for the remainder of their career. Twenty-one percent of ruptures led to retirement. The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months, and the rate of return to play was lower in the NBA, 61–71%, compared with that of the National Football League players, 64–71%. Achilles tendon rupture in elite basketball players continues to be a serious, potentially career ending, injury.
17.	Dymen, P., et al. (author) Revision Spinal Surgery at a University Hospital : Incidence, Causes, and Microbiological Agents in Infected Patients 2022 In: International Journal of Spine Surgery. - : International Journal of Spine Surgery. - 2211-4599. ; 16:5, s. 928-934 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The number of spinal surgeries performed worldwide have significantly increased over the past decade. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no national or international studies that report the overall picture of complications following spinal surgery. This article sought to identify the incidence and causes of reoperations in patients undergoing spinal surgery, as well as the average time from index surgery to reoperation. Furthermore, the purpose was to identify the microbiological agents present in cultures from infected patients.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that used a university hospital's medical records as the data source. The study population comprised 2110 patients who underwent spinal surgery during a 40 -month period between 2015 and 2018. All suspected reoperations were verified manually. Additional data collected for reoperations included cause, time from index surgery, and laboratory results from cultures. Descriptive analysis was used.Results: The incidence of reoperations during the study period was 11% (n = 232). The most common cause of reoperation was infection (28%, n = 65), followed by implant-related causes (19%, n = 44) and hemorrhage/hematoma (15%, n = 34). The time between index surgery and reoperation varied, but half of all reoperations occurred within 30 days. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common type of bacteria (positive cultures in 39% of infected patients).Conclusion: The number of reoperations in the studied hospital were high during the study period. Infections accounted for a large percentage of reoperations, suggesting that effective preventive measures might significantly reduce the total number of reoperations.Clinical Relevance: Postoperative infection causing reoperations after spinal surgeries is a large problem, and finding effective preventive measures should be a priority for caregivers.Level of Evidence: 3.
18.	Ebenhard, Torbjörn, et al. (author) Lågskogsbruk – biobränsleproduktion i samklang med miljömål 2013 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Lågskogsbruk går ut på att återkommande hugga lövträd som slår skott från en gemensam stubb-bas eller sockel. Lågskogens två huvudtyper, skottskogar och hamlingsskogar, kan ses som halvnaturliga biotoper med lång historia och egna utvecklade organismsamhällen, däribland många naturvårdsintressanta arter, som ursprungligen levde i naturliga biotoper som inte längre existerar. Lågskogen erbjuder gamla strukturer och substrat utan att miljön blir kontinuerligt skuggig som i högskog. Det är både möjligt och önskvärt att bedriva ett modernt lågskogsbruk för biomassaproduktion, i synnerhet på marker som idag inte används för skogsbruk eller jordbruksproduktion. Vi bedömer att det finns totalt ca en halv miljon hektar av skyddade områden, restmarker i jordbrukslandskapet, ängs- och hagmarker, väg- och järnvägsområden, kraftledningsgator, samt tätortsnära parker och friluftsområden där lågskogsbruk skulle vara lämpligt. Med en produktion av 2-5 ton biomassa per hektar och år skulle detta kunna ge 10-24 MWh energi per hektar och år, sammanlagt för landet 5-12 TWh per år. Jämfört med de bästa biomassagrödorna (Salix, Miscanthus) har lågskogen inte samma potential som bränsleproducent, men den står sig väl mot raps. Lågskogen är dock mer effektiv än vanliga biomassagrödor med avseende på utsläpp av växthusgaser per producerad energienhet, snabbheten i återinlagring av kol, och gynnandet av biologisk mångfald.
19.	Ekström, Lars, 1959, et al. (author) A model for evaluation of the electric activity and oxygenation in the erector spinae muscle during isometric loading adapted for spine patients 2020 In: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-799X. ; 15:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Simultaneous measurement of electromyography (EMG) and local muscle oxygenation is proposed in an isometric loading model adjusted for patients that have undergone spinal surgery. Methods Twelve patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) were included. They were subjected to a test protocol before and after surgery. The protocol consisted of two parts, a dynamic and an isometric Ito loading with a time frame of 60 s and accompanying rest of 120 s. The Ito test was repeated three times. EMG was measured bilaterally at the L4 level and L2 and was recorded using surface electrodes and collected (Biopac Systems Inc.). EMG signal was expressed as RMS and median frequency (MF). Muscle tissue oxygen saturation (MrSO(2)) was monitored using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device (INVOS (R) 5100C Oxymeter). Two NIRS sensors were positioned bilaterally at the L4 level. The intensity of the leg and back pain and perceived exertion before, during, and after the test was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and Borg RPE-scale, respectively. Results All patients were able to perform and complete the test protocol pre- and postoperatively. A consistency of lower median and range values was noted in the sensors of EMG1 (15.3 mu V, range 4.5-30.7 mu V) and EMG2 (13.6 mu V, range 4.0-46.5 mu V) that were positioned lateral to NIRS sensors at L4 compared with EMG3 (18.9 mu V, range 6.5-50.0 mu V) and EMG4 (20.4 mu V, range 7.5-49.0 mu V) at L2. Right and left side of the erector spinae exhibited a similar electrical activity behaviour over time during Ito test (60 s). Regional MrSO(2) decreased over time during loading and returned to the baseline level during recovery on both left and right side. Both low back and leg pain was significantly reduced postoperatively. Conclusion Simultaneous measurement of surface EMG and NIRS seems to be a promising tool for objective assessment of paraspinal muscle function in terms of muscular activity and local muscle oxygenation changes in response to isometric trunk extension in patients that have undergone laminectomy for spinal stenosis.
20.	Eriksson, Louise, et al. (author) Beliefs about urban fringe forests among urban residents in Sweden 2012 In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 11:3, s. 321-328 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The aim of this study was to examine predictors of beliefs about urban fringe forests among urban residents in Sweden (n = 586). Based on a cognitive hierarchical model, the study investigated how socio-demographic variables, as well as different values and beliefs, were related to the more specific beliefs urban residents have about urban fringe forests. Results demonstrated that the urban fringe forest was perceived to be essential for personal wellbeing, but preservation and accessibility to the forest were also important. Certain differences between socio-demographic groups were identified; for example, the importance of urban fringe forests for personal wellbeing was emphasized more by women, older people and those with a university degree. However, the importance of socio-demographic variables was modest compared with the influence of people's values and beliefs. More specifically, results showed that urban residents' basic values and ecological worldview, as well as forest values and beliefs (i.e., concerning forest qualities and forest requirements), were important in explaining their beliefs about urban fringe forests. Overall, the study revealed that urban residents are characterized by a heterogeneous set of beliefs concerning urban fringe forests. Recognizing these multiple beliefs in urban fringe forest development processes may help mitigate future conflicts between forest visitors, urban planners, forest owners and forest managers, thus enhancing our way toward good urban living environments.
21.	Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al. (author) Recreation in different forest settings : a scene preference study 2012 In: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 3:4, s. 923-943 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recreation activity preferences in forest settings were explored in a scene preference study. The importance of type of human intervention and the level of biodiversity for preference and intention to engage in recreation activities were examined in a sample of forestry and social science students in Sweden. Results showed that forestry students displayed an almost equally strong preference for natural-looking scenes as for scenes with traces of recreation (e.g., paths), whereas social science students preferred recreational scenes the most. Least preferred were scenes with traces of forest management. Different forest settings were furthermore preferred for different recreation activities. Recreational settings were favored for walking and going on outings, and natural-looking settings were more appreciated for picking berries or mushrooms. Respondents displayed a stronger intention to study plants and animals in high biodiversity settings and the intention to exercise was stronger in low biodiversity settings. Implications for future land use planning and forest management are discussed.
22.	Gottfridsson, Hans Olof (author) Färdmedelsvalets komplexa förutsättningar : En studie av arbetspendling i småbarnshushåll med Kils kommun som exempel 2007 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Gottfridsson, H. O., 2007, Färdmedelsvalets komplexa förutsättningar – En studie av arbetspendling i småbarnshushåll med Kils kommun som exempel, (Complex conditions governing choice of transport – A study of parents of young children commuting to work from the municipality of Kil).Travel is a means through which people fulfil a variety of social and biological requirements. In turn, the purpose, destination and identity of the traveller set different requirements that different forms of transport have different opportunities of fulfilling.The purpose of this dissertation is to find out about the complex conditions that form the scope for action in the choice of transport, in this particular case for parents of young children when travelling to and from work. The dissertation emphasises the importance of studying the whole picture and of the interchange between the component parts in order to gain a better understanding of the conditions governing a commuter’s choice of transport.In the study a theoretical framework of reference is gradually established by mixing empiricism and theory. As a result, a number of factors significant for the transport selection process are identified. These factors include the composition and organisation of the household, transport system structures, local community structures and the resources and preferences of the commuter.Several methods were used during the collection of data. Data about commuters was collected via surveys and travel diaries. Traffic systems and associated structures were studied with the help of maps.Work requirements combined with local structures such as the location of the home, workplace and services, and how the household chooses to organise daily activities, place specific demands on the planning of the journey to and from work. Different transport systems meet these demands in varying degrees. The choice of transport is also determined by the commuter’s socio-economic situation, travel resources and how he or she, depending on motives, knowledge and habits finally perceives the alternatives available.The results confirm that car users and public transport users have different strategies when choosing transport. The results also indicate that there are commuters who declare the same grounds for their choice of transport, but who in practice conclude different consequences and choose different means of transport. The data also indicates clearly that among users of public transport there are major differences in journey times, number of stops, distance to bus stops and travel costs, and that commuters who use public transport are more complex as a group.
23.	Hallsten, Jesper, et al. (author) ABC om Traumatiska halsryggsskador 2021 In: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 118:38-39 Research review (peer-reviewed)
24.	Hammerlid, Eva, 1957, et al. (author) Quality-of-life effects of psychosocial intervention in patients with head and neck cancer. 1999 In: Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. - 0194-5998. ; 120:4, s. 507-16 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract METHODS: Two studies of psychosocial interventions in head and neck cancer patients at different stages of their disease were performed. We explored the feasibility and effectiveness of different approaches, offered for the first time to this population. The first study concerned long-term group psychological therapy for patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer. Quality of life was measured longitudinally for 1 year and compared with that of a control group. The second study comprised a short-term psychoeducational program 1 year after treatment for head and neck cancer. Quality-of-life assessments were made repeatedly from diagnosis until 1 month after the intervention. RESULTS: Thirteen patients started the psychological group therapy, and 8 of them completed both the intervention and evaluation procedure. The quality of life of the therapy group improved more than that of a control group in most areas measured during the study year, in particular psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, emotional functioning, and global quality of life. The results indicate benefits from the therapy, although the therapy group scored worse than the control group at diagnosis. Most of the variables representing functioning and symptoms improved after the 1-week psychoeducational program, especially items reflecting "trouble eating" and "problems enjoying your meals." Patients' judgments of the intervention quality indicated satisfaction with all separate elements, mostly education, about cancer and the opportunity to socialize with the other guests. CONCLUSION: These pilot studies suggest that head and neck cancer patients can benefit from different psychosocial interventions. Quality-of-life questionnaires were well accepted and sensitive to changes during the studies. Thus our early findings seem promising and would justify confirmation in larger studies.
25.	Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al. (author) Increased odds of patient-reported success at 2years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients without cartilage lesions: a cohort study from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register. 2018 In: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347 .- 0942-2056. ; 26:4, s. 1086-1095 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To investigate whether the surgical technique of single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the visualization of anatomic surgical factors and the presence or absence of concomitant injuries at primary ACL reconstruction are able to predict patient-reported success and failure. The hypothesis of this study was that anatomic single-bundle surgical procedures would be predictive of patient-reported success.This cohort study was based on data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register during the period of 1 January 2005 through 31 December 2014. Patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons were included. Details on surgical technique were collected using an online questionnaire comprising essential anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction scoring checklist items, defined as the utilization of accessory medial portal drilling, anatomic tunnel placement, the visualization of insertion sites and pertinent landmarks. A univariate logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender was used to determine predictors of patient-reported success and failure, i.e. 20th and 80th percentile, respectively, in the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), 2years after ACL reconstruction.In the 6889 included patients, the surgical technique used for single-bundle ACL reconstruction did not predict the predefined patient-reported success or patient-reported failure in the KOOS4. Patient-reported success was predicted by the absence of concomitant injury to the meniscus (OR=0.81 [95% CI, 0.72-0.92], p=0.001) and articular cartilage (OR=0.70 [95% CI, 0.61-0.81], p<0.001). Patient-reported failure was predicted by the presence of a concomitant injury to the articular cartilage (OR=1.27 [95% CI, 1.11-1.44], p<0.001).Surgical techniques used in primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction did not predict the KOOS 2years after the reconstruction. However, the absence of concomitant injuries at index surgery predicted patient-reported success in the KOOS. The results provide further evidence that concomitant injuries at ACL reconstruction affect subjective knee function and a detailed knowledge of the treatment of these concomitant injuries is needed.Retrospective cohort study, Level III.
26.	Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al. (author) Ten-Year Risk Factors for Inferior Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction A Study of 874 Patients From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register 2018 In: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 46:12, s. 2851-2858 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Factors relating to the patient and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may help to identify prognostic factors of long-term outcome after reconstruction. Purpose: To determine 10-year risk factors for inferior knee function after ACL reconstruction. Methods: Prospectively collected data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register were extracted for patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2005 and December 2006. Patients who had no data at the 10-year follow-up for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were excluded. Multivariable proportional odds regression modeling was used to assess 10-year patient- and surgery-related risk factors across all the KOOS subscales and the KOOS4 (mean score of 4 subscales: pain, knee-related symptoms, function in sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life). Results: A total of 874 (41%) patients were included (male, 51.5%; median age at the time of ACL reconstruction, 27.5 years [range, 11.2-61.5 years]). An increase in the severity of concomitant articular cartilage injuries resulted in a reduced KOOS on 4 subscales (odds ratio, 0.64-0.80; P < .05). A higher preoperative KOOS pain score increased the odds of a higher score on the pain, symptoms, and sport subscales and the KOOS4. In addition, a higher preoperative body mass index was a significant risk factor for lower scores on 3 KOOS subscales and the KOOS4. No patient- or surgery-related predictor was significant across all KOOS subscales. Conclusion: This 10-year risk factor analysis identified several factors that can affect long-term knee function after ACL reconstruction. Most risk factors were related to preoperative patient-reported outcome and potentially modifiable. On the other hand, most of the surgery-related risk factors were nonmodifiable. Nevertheless, this information may be helpful to physicians and physical therapists counseling patients on their expectations of outcome after ACL reconstruction.
27.	Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al. (author) Understanding limitations in sport 1 year after an Achilles tendon rupture: a multicentre analysis of 285 patients. 2020 In: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 28:1, s. 233-244 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose of this study was to determine patient-related and treatment-related predictors of superior and inferior function in sport and recreational activities 1year after an Achilles tendon rupture.This study is based on a multicentre cohort from 4 previous randomised controlled trials. All the patients who had responded to the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) at the 1-year follow-up were included. All the patients had a clinically verified Achilles tendon rupture and patients who underwent surgery were treated within 96h of the time of rupture. Patients were excluded in the event of a previous Achilles tendon rupture or the presence of other lifestyle diseases. The primary outcomes of the study were reported in the 20th and 80th percentiles of the FAOS subscale, function in sports and recreational activities.A total of 285 (84% men) patients with an average age of 40.0 (SD 8.4) years were included. Smoking increased the odds of superior self-reported FAOS sport and recreation [OR 4.59 (95% CI 1.58-13.32), p=0.005] compared with non-smoking, while being female [OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.16-0.93), p=0.035] and every increment of one unit in BMI [OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.99), p=0.029] reduced the odds. No variable was statistically significant when attempting to predict which patients report inferior FAOS sport and recreation. The recovery of symmetry in heel-rise tests had no effect on 1-year FAOS sport and recreation. Patient-reported outcomes had a good-to-excellent explanatory capacity of superior and inferior 1-year function in sport and recreational activities (AUC=0.87-0.93).BMI is a modifiable risk factor, which, when lowered, may be associated with less impairment in sports 1year after an Achilles tendon rupture. Females appear to perceive more limitations than males. Unexpectedly, smokers experience less limitations in foot and ankle function. Patients who report no functional limitation in sport are characterised by an overall perception of adequate foot, ankle and Achilles function, despite not having recovered symmetry in the heel-rise test.I.
28.	Helldin, Jan Olof, et al. (author) Biodiversitet i jernbanehabitater – biologisk kulturarv og grøn infrastruktur 2019 In: Jernbanehistorie. - 2245-9499 .- 2446-323X. ; 7, s. 7-35 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The railway network with associated train traffic has a number of well described negative effects on biodiversity, for example loss of natural habitat, barrier and mortality effects, noise disturbance, changes in hydrology, and an increasing fragmentation. However, railway areas such as rail yards, embankments and verges may also provide habitat for many plant and animal species, some of which are rare and endangered while others are invasive aliens. The importance of railway habitats for plant and animal conservation has been acknowledged rather recently, and there are yet much to learn about the ecology of these areas, including their history, ecological functions, and the threats to, prospects for, and management of species of particular importance. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the diversity of species and habitats in Swedish railway areas, suggest a conceptual theory of how these species link to the pre-industrial landscape, describe current goals for and management of railway habitats, and point out the need for future research in the field.Many railway areas in Sweden are characterized by a small-scale habitat mosaic, including micro niches, where species of plants, insects and other invertebrates thrive. Sandy soils and regular vegetation management create dry and sun-exposed “mini steppes” favoring low-growth plants and specialized insects that otherwise have problems surviving in the modern landscape. Frequent disturbances to the ground and soil, caused by a range of human activities, result in ruderal habitats, not least in stations and rail yards where vegetation can be found in various early successional stages. Stands of flowering plants such as blueweed, bluebells, legumes and hawkweeds constitute nectar and pollen resources and host plants for a range of beetles, bees, bugs and butterflies. Patches of bare soil create habitat for nest digging bees and groundliving carabid beetles. Objects such as solitary trees or rose shrubs, stone walls, older wood constructions and wood piles provide substrate for many lichen and insect species and may therefore also be of conservation value. Seeds and invertebrates dispersing along railway verges and hitch-hiking with vehicles further contribute to the variety of species.During assessments of species (selected taxa) and habitats in 747 Swedish rail yards and stations in 2008-2018, a total of ca 2,700 species were recorded, of which 123 species are red-listed. Some 40% of the recorded species could be labelled railway associated, meaning that they significantly benefit from and contribute to the railway habitats, but are also found in similar habitats elsewhere in the landscape. Some 3% of the species are railway bound, meaning that they depend on railway habitats and are largely lacking in other areas. A total of 237 of the rail yards and stations were classified as species rich, i.e. with records of species of particular importance or with the right conditions for such species. This classification can serve to point out railway areas for special conservation action.Species favored by dry and warm conditions (referred to as xerotermophilic) can be assumed to have evolved in natural steppe or ruderal grassland. Such species found new niches and spread to new areas in the historical agricultural landscape. In Sweden before industrialization, the agricultural landscape was dominated by grasslands required to feed large stocks of domestic animals, many forests were sparse and semi-open, soils were emaciated, and frequent human and livestock activities in the landscape such as trampling, digging, cutting etc. mimicked natural disturbance regimes. With the industrialization, in the late 19th and early 20th century, the landscape started undergoing large changes and the conditions diminished for the many species linked to open, dry grasslands. However, in the same period the national railway network was established, and many of the species found recourse in railway areas, which again provided conditions resembling natural habitats and ecological processes. The railway network reached through a landscape of grasslands, villages and farms, and species could easily spread into their new habitats. While sparse and sometimes declining, the xerothermophilic species and the sandy, ruderal grasslands found in railway areas could be considered a biological heritage from the pre-industrial landscape. Still today the railway verges may serve as ecological corridors that functionally connect remnant habitats. Railway areas provide a combination of ancient and new conditions for biodiversity and may form an ecological bridge in both time and space -- thereby being part of the landscape´s green infrastructure.The Swedish Transport Administration, the authority in charge of the management of railway areas, currently acknowledges the significance of species conservation in railway habitats, and state in their regulatory documents that species rich railway habitats should be maintained and if possible created, in order to strengthen the green infrastructure and to avoid habitat loss. Efforts are made to adapt the current railway maintenance, to build knowledge, and enable research and experimental management, to reach this goal.Possible adaptations of regular vegetation maintenance in railway areas may include i) postponed vegetation cutting, ii) cutting targeted to certain areas, iii) control of alien invasive species, iv) removal of cutting mulch, v) controlled burning and iv) livestock grazing. Other examples of management actions to benefit species conservation in railway areas are i) ground scarification, ii) providing open sand, iii) uprooting of woody shrub, iv) seeding with desired species such as host plants or nectar and pollen plants for insects. Also regional railway managers, as well as nature conservation authorities and NGOs, should take part in this endeavor, to help prioritizing the efforts and set them in relation to conservation efforts in the surrounding landscape.The toolbox for railway habitat management needs development. Any adapted management measures should be carefully monitored, in order to build knowledge about their conservation potential and their cost-effectiveness. We also need a better general understanding of the ecology of railway habitats and of the threats to their conservation. However, already the current level of knowledge vouch for immediate action, at selected sites in the existing railway network and in all railway (re-)construction projects.
29.	Helldin, Jan Olof, et al. (author) Så har blomsterlupin spridit sig i Mellansverige 2022 In: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 116, s. 112-119 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Garden lupin Lupinus polyphyllus is one of the most problematic invasive alien plant species in Sweden. It is particularly common in road verges where they may threaten biodiversity. We present the results from a study of the distribution of garden lupins in the road network in a 130 km2 area in south central Sweden, following a new census method intended to function as a standard for the Swedish Transport Administration. The complete road network in the area was censused (192 km), from highway to minor forest roads. Lupin stands were found in ~4 percent of major roads and ~2 percent of minor, private roads; yet most lupin stands were found in the minor roads because minor roads are more abundant. A majority of lupin stands (76%) were concentrated around houses with gardens, indicating gardens as the primary source for lupins in the area. The authors propose a strategy for lupin control depending on density: large, dense stands are contained, small stands are eradicated, only lupin free soil is used in road management and local actors are informed in order to prevent further spread.
30.	Horvath, Alexandra, et al. (author) ABC om - Smärta i nacke och rygg, del 1 - Orsaker, symtom och utredning 2018 In: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 115 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
31.	Horvath, Alexandra, et al. (author) ABC om - Smärta i nacke och rygg, del 2 - Behandling 2018 In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 115 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
32.	Horvath, Alexandra, et al. (author) ABC om - Vanliga tillstånd i hand och handled, del 1 - Karpaltunnelsyndrom, morbus de Quervain och tumbasartros 2019 In: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 116 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
33.	Horvath, Alexandra, et al. (author) ABC om - Vanliga tillstånd i hand och handled, del 2 - Triggerfinger, Dupuytrens kontraktur och ganglion. 2019 In: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 116 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
34.	Horvath, Alexandra, et al. (author) Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision 2019 In: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1935-973X .- 1935-9748. ; 12:3, s. 397-405 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose of Review To describe the current literature related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision in terms of surgical aspects, graft choices, concomitant injuries, patient-reported outcome, return to sport, and objective measurement outcome. Recent Findings An ACL rupture is a common knee injury, and the number of primary ACL reconstructions is increasing, implying a subsequent increase of ACL revisions in the future. It is widely accepted that an ACL revision is surgically challenging with a myriad of graft options to choose from. In many cases, simultaneous injuries to the index limb including meniscal and chondral lesions, respectively, are observed in the setting of a secondary ACL injury. Furthermore, the general understanding is that an ACL revision results in inferior outcome compared with a primary ACL reconstruction. Surgical treatment of an ACL revision can be performed as one-stage or two-stage procedure depending on, for example, the presence of limb malalignments, concomitant injuries, and tunnel widening. Nonirradiated allografts and autologous patella tendon, hamstring tendon, and quadriceps tendon are feasible options for ACL revision. Concomitant injuries to the affected knee such as intraarticular chondral lesions are more common in the setting of an ACL revision compared with primary ACL reconstruction while a lower presence of concomitant meniscal pathology is reported at ACL revision. Patients undergoing ACL revision have lower clinical and patient-reported outcome and lower rates of return to sport when compared with primary ACL surgery cases. However, long-term follow-ups with large study cohorts evaluating outcome of ACL revision are limited. Further research is needed to confirm the present findings of this review.
35.	Hua, Ay-Yen, et al. (author) Mapping functions in health-related quality of life: mapping from the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score to the EQ-5D. 2018 In: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 3083-3088 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Health state utility values are derived from preference-based measurements and are useful in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which is a metric commonly used in cost-effectiveness studies. The purpose of this study was to convert the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) to the preference-based European Quality of Life-5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) by estimating the relationship between the two scores using mapping.Data were collected from a randomised controlled trial, where 100 patients were treated either surgically or non-surgically for Achilles tendon rupture. Forty-three and forty-four patients in surgical group and non-surgical group completed the ATRS and the EQ-5D alongside each other during follow-up at three time points. Different models of the relationship between the ATRS and the EQ-5D were developed and analysed based on direct mapping and cross-validation. The model with the lowest mean absolute error was observed as the one with the best fit.Among the competing models, mapping based on using a combination of the ATRS items four, five, and six associated with limitation due to pain, during activities of daily living and when walking on uneven ground, produced the best predictor of the EQ-5D score.The present study provides a mapping algorithm to enable the derivation of utility values directly from the ATRS. This approach makes it feasible for researchers, as well as medical practitioners, to obtain preference-based values in clinical studies or settings where only the ATRS is being administered. The algorithm allows for the calculation of QALYs for use in cost-effectiveness analyses, making it valuable in the study of acute Achilles tendon ruptures.II.
36.	Iusan, Diana, et al. (author) Electronic structure and chemical and magnetic interactions in ZnO doped with Co and Al : Experiments and ab initio density-functional calculations 2008 In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:8, s. 085319- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present results of electronic structure and magnetization measurements of Co:ZnO and Co:ZnO codoped with Al thin-film samples fabricated by solution-based methods together with ab initio electronic structure calculations. Electronic structure measurements indicate that the Co states lie close to the valence-band edge with pinning of the Fermi level primarily due to native defects yielding a heavily n-doped material. The findings in the electronic structure measurements are corroborated by results from theoretical calculations. We find that it is necessary to go beyond the local-density approximation to achieve agreement with experiments. Moreover, the theoretical calculations indicate a tendency for the formation of Co clusters, giving rise to an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the Co atoms. The magnetization measurements are well in line with the theoretical predictions, showing a dominating superparamagnetic behavior arising from small antiferromagnetic clusters containing uncompensated spins.
37.	Janciauskiene, Sabina, et al. (author) Detection of Alzheimer peptides and chemokines in the aqueous humor 2011 In: European Journal of Ophthalmology. - 1120-6721. ; 21:1, s. 104-111 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PURPOSE. Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related ocular diseases are characterized by inflammation and accumulation of insoluble proteins. We aimed to investigate the detectability and clinical relevance of a panel of AD-related markers, such as Alzheimer peptides and chemokines, in the aqueous humor (AH) samples taken from patients with cataract only, or cataract and 1 other ocular disease. METHODS. The AH samples were obtained during cataract surgery from patients with cataract only (n=162), cataract and glaucoma (n=21), cataract and exfoliation (PEX) (n=31), cataract and macular degeneration (n=36), and cataract and diabetic retinopathy (n=16). The AD peptides (A beta(1-42), A beta(1-40), A beta(1-38)) and chemokines (eotaxin, eotaxin 3, interleukin [IL]-8, inducible protein-10, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, MCP-4, macrophage-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, thymus and activation-egulated chemokine) were quantified by using multiplex immunoassays. RESULTS. The levels of the AH peptides (A beta(1-38), A beta(1-40), A beta(1-42)) did not differ between disease groups. Independently of disease group, the A beta(1-38) levels correlated with A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42) (p<0.001, n=277). Notably, the ratio A beta(1-42) to A beta(1-38) differed between PEX and macular degeneration (mean 95% confidence interval [CI] =8.12 [11.3-3.99] vs 2.23 [2.67-0.52], p=0.003). Among chemokines examined, only MCP-1 and IL-8 were detected in about 90% to 46% of all analyzed (n=266) samples. Higher levels of AH IL-8 were found in the glaucoma group than in cataract only (p=0.011). Independently of disease group, a correlation was observed between AH MCP-1 and IL-8 (rho=0.275, p<0.001, n=266) and between MCP-1 and A beta(1-40) (rho=0.239, p<0.001, n=266). CONCLUSIONS. Our findings highlight pathologic similarities between AD and eye diseases, and show the potential of modern technologies to detect AD biomarkers in age-related eye diseases.
38.	Karlsson, Jón, 1953, et al. (author) Achilles Tendon Ruptures 2019 In: Sports Injuries of the Foot and Ankle: A Focus on Advanced Surgical Techniques. Gian Luigi Canata, Pieter d'Hooghe, Kenneth J. Hunt et al. (red.). - Berlin : Springer. - 9783662587041 ; , s. 369-376 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract Achilles tendon ruptures are increasing in incidence, with the greatest incidence in the over 60s age group. The rehabilitation time following this injury is prolonged and patients have calf weakness of up to 30%. There is debate over the optimal method of management between nonoperative and operative repair, followed by rehabilitation. Aims of treatment are to restore activities of daily living and sports activity with minimal complications. Operative treatment reduces tendon elongation, minimizes calf weakness, and may depending upon the age of the patient reduce the re-rupture rate. Open repair is the traditional operative technique although there is increasing evidence of the effectiveness of percutaneous and minimally invasive surgery. The avoidance of early weight-bearing does not prevent tendon lengthening. Nonoperative treatment consisting of 2 weeks in cast followed by the use of an adjustable external equinus corrected brace and rehabilitation shows low re-rupture rates and allows patients to return to daily activities without a problem. Management of Achilles tendon rupture must be tailored to individual patient requirements for the resumption of day-to-day activities, return the return to sport with optimal ankle plantar flexion strength and the risk of re-rupture.
39.	Kellerth, Jan-Olof, et al. (author) Framgångsrik regionalvetenskap : CERUM och Umeå universitet genomför sitt regionala forskningsuppdrag 1999 In: Västerbottens-Kuriren. - Umeå : Stiftelsen VK Press. - 1104-0246. ; , s. 6- Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
40.	Knut, Ronny, et al. (author) Magnetic and electronic characterization of highly Co-doped ZnO : An annealing study at the solubility limit 2010 In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:9, s. 094438- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report on investigations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of ZnO doped with 15 at. % Co and postgrowth annealed at temperatures ranging between 250 and 800°C. In particular, we demonstrate how the presence of Co3+, indicative of secondary phases, is manifested in spectroscopy. Through resonant photoemmision spectroscopy we have found that x-ray diffraction in some cases underestimates or does not reveal the presence of secondary phases, possibly due to unrelaxed structures or structural arrangements with sizes below the detection limit. The magnetic properties are in most cases understood by assuming small antiferromagnetic clusters but can also show a behavior indicative of ferromagnetic interactions.
41.	Krupic, Ferid, et al. (author) Experience of nurses in assessing postoperative pain in hip fracture patients suffering from dementia in nursing homes. 2020 In: Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. - 1840-2445. ; 17:1, s. 216-223 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim To explore the experiences of registered nurses in assessing postoperative pain in hip fracture patients suffering from dementia in nursing homes. Methods The study was designed as a qualitative study using data from a self-reported questionnaire form. Data were collected through the self-administered questionnaire with 23 questions, mainly addressing demographic and social data, information about communication and pain assessment. Results All nurses reported that large part of verbal communication with dementia patients was lost, and non-verbal communication was very important to optimize the care of these patients in postoperative situations. An assessment of pain in patients with dementia and hip fractures was a complex process because cognitive ability of these patients was reduced. Conclusion Registered nurses need to know various and different forms of evaluation and tools to assess the experience of pain in patients with dementia who had undergone surgery for hip fractures. This is a complicated task, which requires a great deal of time, and means that nurses must work together with other medical staff, using a holistic approach.
42.	Krupic, Ferid, et al. (author) Use of the World Health Organization Checklist-Swedish Health Care Professionals' Experience: A Mixed-Method Study. 2020 In: Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8473. ; 35:3, s. 288-93 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The purpose was to describe health care professionals' experience of using the World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist.A descriptive cross-sectional mixed-method study, including health care professionals from two clinics at the same university hospital in the western part of Sweden was conducted.Data were collected from one hundred ninety-six health care professionals using a self-administered questionnaire that contained 12 questions. The Mantel-Haenszel and Pearson χ2 tests were used for ordered and unordered categorical variables. The text analysis was inspired by Malterud.The most statistically significant difference between the clinics related to the responsibility for administering the checklist (P=.0010) and always using the checklist in all emergency situations (P=.045). Among the health care professionals who were educated and trained in using checklists, 63% and 65.5% stated that the checklist was adapted to the department. Sixty four percent stated that the assistant nurses were responsible for implementing the checklist. The health care professionals also mentioned a large number of positive and negative aspects of using the WHO checklist.The health care professionals had difficulties using the WHO checklist in the Swedish health care system. More research is needed to determine why specific items are overlooked and whether these items could form the basis of the further elaboration of a modified checklist. An increased understanding of why the checklist is important, as well as updated knowledge on the content could produce greater compliance and thereby increase patient safety.
43.	Kumar, P. Anil, et al. (author) All-alkoxide based deposition and properties of a multilayer La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/CoFe2O4/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film 2021 In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; 2021:18, s. 1736-1744 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Single and multilayer films of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and CoFe2O4 were deposited by spin-coating. The all-alkoxide precursors allowed inorganic gel films of extreme homogeneity to be formed and converted to phase pure complex oxides at low temperatures. La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films were made with La- and Ca-methoxy-ethoxides and Mn19O12(moe)(14)(moeH)(10) as precursors at 800 degrees C. The CoFe2O4 films were obtained at extremely low 275 degrees C, using a new CoFe2-methoxyethoxide precursor. The decomposition and microstructural development on heating was described by TG, TEM, XRD and IR spectroscopy. XRD showed no spurious phases and the unit-cell dimensions coincided quite well with literature values of the targeted phases. The structural, magnetic and electronic properties of these films established their phase purity and high quality with physical properties comparable to films deposited by physical deposition methods. The magnetic and magneto transport results are presented for single, bi- and tri- layer structures. The magnetically soft La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 layer was exchange coupled to the magnetically hard CoFe2O4 layer, giving rise to interesting switching behaviour in magnetism and magneto-transport properties.
44.	Lidestav, Gun, et al. (author) Interactions between forest owners and their forests 2017 In: Globalisation and change in forest ownership and forest use. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137571151 - 9781137571168 ; , s. 97-137 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract More than half of the forest land in Europe is privately owned, and ownership structure is known to have implications for management, production of timber and other forest products and services that support the transformation towards a green economy. This chapter provides examples of how we can gain knowledge about the forest and forest owner/user relationship from a structural point of view. Sweden is taken as an example because of the accessibility of continuous data on forest conditions, ownership and demographic data. It is concluded that the pace of change in ownership structure and forest management behaviour is slow. Further, neither the ongoing migration, urbanisation, ageing population nor the increased proportion of women seems to reduce the willingness to manage and harvest.
45.	Liljenfeldt, Johanna, 1983- (author) Where the Wind Blows : the socio-political geography of wind power development in Finland, Norway and Sweden 2017 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract This thesis analysis the planning process for large-scale wind power development in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The aim is to explore the emerging power relations and socio-economic dynamics of the negotiation, planning and realization of this new development. The thesis employs an energy justice framework to capture the opportunities different stakeholders have to take part in and influence wind power development processes (‘procedural justice’), and how the potential benefits and burdens of wind power development are divided between stakeholders (‘distributional justice’). The study’s setup is an embedded sequential mixed methods research design, which includes analysis of policy documents, in-dept interviews, observations, as well as register based population data.The thesis shows how power relations on both a structural level and an actor level are used to exert power and influence over the planning process for wind power development. On a structural level, the results indicate that transformations in EU directives and national planning laws and guidelines in Finland, Norway and Sweden in recent years have been more focused on speed and efficiency in planning processes than on legitimacy issues. The changes that have been implemented seem to point to diminishing opportunities for broad participation and debate in wind power planning processes, in favour of more top-down processes with a specific, sectoral focus on developing wind power. On the actor level, perceived improper behaviour by different actors within the planning process can further limit the possibilities for participation. People refrain from participating in planning processes, for instance, if they feel that they are treated disrespectfully or if there have occurred procedural errors that undermine the legitimacy of the formal planning process. However, participation in formal planning processes is not the only way to influence planning processes. There are a number of more informal channels, such as using the media or the Internet, lobbying, or rallying local support, that can and have been used by stakeholders to tap into the formal planning process to try to affect its outcomes. Such informal activities have a considerable spatial and scalar reach, the importance of which is that stakeholders utilizing such measures have the possibility to affect not only the local wind power project under debate, but also developments in other places and attitudes towards wind power more generally.As concerns distributional issues, the results of the thesis show that the evidence of distributional inequality concerning wind power development on the national scale in Sweden is not very strong; but if such inequalities exist, there are possibilities to redistribute the benefits from wind power to those who are burdened by the developments. Distributional injustice related to wind power development is thus not an evident problem, generally speaking, in Sweden today. However, if this state is to remain, procedural aspects related to the continued development of wind power need to be kept in mind, as procedural and distributional inequalities are intimately related. Of specific concern is the need to address formal and informal procedures that marginalize stakeholder participation in planning processes, but it is equally important to also consider who is to be included in or excluded from negotiations and the distribution of local economic benefits connected to specific wind power projects.
46.	Lindkvist, Anna, et al. (author) Attitudes on intensive forestry : an investigation into perceptions of increased production requirements in Swedish forestry 2012 In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27:5, s. 438-448 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In 2008, the Swedish government launched an inquiry into the possibilities, benefits and requirements for conducting intensive forestry in part of the Swedish countryside, including fertilization, genetically improved plant material and fastgrowing species beyond what is currently allowed in Swedish legislation. Drawing upon part of that governmental investigation, this paper analyzes attitudes toward intensive forestry over time. The study draws upon studies of points of conflict written in the 1970s and 1980s, attitudes among different stakeholder groups, and interviews with forest owners and stakeholder groups potentially affected by intensive forestry. The study concludes that the diverging opinions as to what constitutes acceptable forest use have remained largely the same over the years. Radical landscape change is generally not seen as desirable, but views diverge over the use of novel tree species and the use of fertilization.
47.	Lindkvist, Anna, et al. (author) Konflikt och konsensus i skogen : intensivodling av skog ur ett humanistiskt och samhällsvetenskapligt perspektiv. Faktaunderlag till utredning om Möjligheter till intensivodling av skog 2009 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract Den första delstudien, ”Skogslandskapet som arena”, syftar till att ge en bakgrund till dagens skogsbruk i Sverige och att sätta in skogspolitiken i ett idé- och miljöhistoriskt sammanhang. Sammantaget handlar undersökningen om hur skogen har brukats och hur detta brukande har motiverats, institutionaliserats, reglerats och ifrågasatts under de senaste århundradena. Den består av två delar. Den första delen inleds med en historik som tar upp maktförhållandena i skogen och hur skogen har nyttjats genom tiderna. Därefter följer en redogörelse över skogsbrukets och skogsvårdslagens förändring över tid fram till att miljörörelsen, rennäringen, kulturminnesvården och andra ”allmänna intressen” som värnar om skogen tar plats i skogsvårdslagen. I den andra delen diskuteras ett urval konflikter som uppkommit i anslutning till skogen och skogsbruket, främst med tyngdpunkt på 1970- och 1980-talen: debatten om plantering av skog i öppna landskap, kalhyggesdebatten, reaktionerna vid inplantering av främmande trädslag, debatten om bruket av bekämpningsmedel samt visionen om att utveckla och nyttja genmodifierade träd. Flera av dessa konflikter kan rimligen åter aktualiseras vid ett intensifierat skogsbruk av det slag som utredningen behandlar.Den andra delstudien, ”Attityder och värderingar”, undersöker privatpersoners och skogsägares inställningar till den svenska skogen i allmänhet och till intensivodling av skog i synnerhet. Privatpersoner betraktar vanligen skogen som en rekreationsresurs, medan skogsägare håller skogens traditionella, ekonomiska värden närmare hjärtat. När attityder mot skogen väl förändras beror det ofta på generationsväxlingar, ökat miljömedvetande och urbaniseringstrender. Sveriges stora demografiska och kulturella skillnader har även bidragit till att skogen idag uppfattas olika i olika delar av landet. Samtidigt som vi bor längre bort från skogen än tidigare ökar vår efterfrågan på dess sociala värden, vilket innebär att ungefär hälften av våra skogsbesök numera sker i tätortsnära skog, som främst är förknippad med rekreation och vila. Skogens ekonomiska värden är emellertid fortfarande viktiga, inte minst när det gäller skogens roll som framtida energikälla. Intervjuade skogsägare har visat sig vara förhållandevis positiva till intensivodling av skog, samtidigt som det av miljömässiga och ekonomiska skäl finns ett starkt motstånd mot att öka användningen av gödsel. Privatpersoner som intervjuats anser i regel att intensivodlade områden begränsar naturupplevelsen, skadar miljön och missgynnar mångfalden. Fördelar som ökad möjlighet att utvinna alternativa energibränslen och ökade exportmöjligheter för svensk industri har emellertid också nämnts.Den tredje delstudien, ”Potentiella synergier och målkonflikter”, relaterar intensivodling av skog dels till de av riksdagen fastställda miljömålen dels till eventuella intressemotsättningar som kan uppstå till följd av ett förändrat nyttjande av jordbruksmark. De målkonflikter som identifieras, främst mellan miljömålen ’Begränsad klimatpåverkan’ och ’Ett rikt växt- och djurliv’, kan inte enbart lösas på teknisk väg utan kräver någon form av politisk avvägning. För att ansvariga myndigheter ska kunna göra en sådan avvägning krävs dock att det utarbetas någon form av politisk prioriteringsordning som kan vägleda myndigheterna i det arbetet. När det gäller eventuella intressemotsättningar som kan uppstå till följd av intensivodling framgår det av intervjuer med olika intresseorganisationer att många konflikter sannolikt kan undvikas om synpunkter från olika intressen beaktas i samband med planering av förändrat marknyttjande.
48.	Lundin, Sven-Erik, et al. (author) Solvärmesystem och borrhålsvärmelager för bostadsområde Anneberg, Danderyd : Systemval, projektering och byggande 2002 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)
49.	Naim Katea, Sarmad, 1987-, et al. (author) Nickel dot coating of NbC powder by solution processing 2020 In: Open Ceramics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-5395. ; 4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A fast, low cost solution route to nickel dot coated NbC powder using Ni(NO3)26H2O, Ni(OAc)24H2O and triethanolamine (TEA) as precursors in methanol solvent was developed. After mixing the precursor solution with 50-300 nm sized NbC powder and evaporation of the solvent, heating to 150 oC, or higher, yielded NbC powder evenly covered with well-dispersed nickel metal dots, 6 to 25 nm in size, depending on the nickel loading and temperature. Coatings yielding 4 to 14 wt% nickel loading were studied at temperatures from 200 to 700 oC, using TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, XPS with Ar+-ion etching, TEM/DF, and STEM/HAADF/EDS.
50.	Naim Katea, Sarmad, et al. (author) Niobium carbide – nickel-niobium alloy composites from a nickel coated powder : microstructural development during sintering 2021 In: Open Ceramics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-5395. ; 6 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The sintering of a 14 wt% nickel nano-dot coated NbC powder was investigated using dilatometry in combination with XRD, ToF-ERDA, PIXE, SEM-EDS/EBSD/TKD, and TEM-HAADF/EDS/EELS for analysis of samples heated to 1375, 1405 and 1500 °C, with a 30 min annealing. The main sintering step at 1110–1375 °C, was succeeded by a slower step, centred at 1405 °C, before the final smaller densification step to 1500 °C. NbC grain-growth took place on heating at 1500 °C for 30 min; from ca. 0.5–5 μm (average 1 μm) at 1375 and 1405 °C to ca. 5–30 μm (average 10 μm) 1500 °C for 30 min. The NbC0.91-0.94 phase showed a micro-hardness of 1700–2300 HV0.05. The binder phase consisted of the unprecedented textured c-Nb0.15Ni0.85 and h-Nb0.2Ni0.8 phases. The Nb–Ni binder phase yielded micro-hardness values of 1150–1250 (1375–1405 °C) to 810 HV0.05 (1500 °C, 30 min), which greatly exceeds nickel and is higher than Fe3Al.

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