| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Westman, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A robust CMOS Bluetooth radio/modem system-on-chip
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Circuits & Devices. - 8755-3996 .- 1558-1888. ; 18, s. 7-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relaxed constraints on Bluetooth RF front-end implementation, together with the requirement of frequency hopping, result in a frequency offset and drift elimination or reduction problem. In the Spirea Bluetooth radio solution BlueTraC, a scalable digital demodulator is used, which gives a flexible, fast, and tunable frequency adjusting implementation. To increase the dynamic range the existing transmit chain is used to tune the LO during receive mode.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing epistemic practices in students’ formulation of scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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Ingår i: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 24-24
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of students' capability to engage in scientific inquiry is part of the science curricula across the educational system. However, previous research shows that laboratory and practical work in science education do not necessarily develop the capability to engage in scientific inquiry or contribute to developing an understanding of the nature of inquiry. The purpose of this study is to explore how teaching activities can be designed with a specific focus to develop students' capability to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Some science education research points to that in order for students to develop an understanding of the nature of science inquiry, teaching has to include activities explicitly focusing aspects of inquiry such as asking questions, observing and making inferences. In this study we draw on the theoretical framework of epistemic practices to analyse and design teaching with the purpose of developing students' capabilities to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating scientifically researchable questions makes sense only as part of epistemic practice in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The research question is: How can epistemic practices be established in upper-secondary school science where students are invited to participate in activities of formulating researchable questions?The study was carried out as a design-based research collaboration with a research team consisting of nine science teachers and four science education researchers. Data was collected in three cycles of design, intervention and analysis of research lessons with six classes in three different upper-secondary schools. The data consists of video-recordings of student interaction while engaging in tasks of formulating researchable scientific questions. The data is analysed using the didactical model of organizing purposes; distinguishing between overarching purposes and the student-orientated purposes emerging in interaction. The results indicate that the development of students’ capabilities to formulate researchable questions is situated in the processes of interaction with peers, and the conditions for situating the formulation of questions in a practice characterised by closeness to an epistemic object and gathering of observational data. Based on the results, we argue for a shift in science education from focusing students’ views of a generic nature of science or nature of science inquiry to focussing student participation in epistemic practices of various kinds.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Students’ capabilities to formulate scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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Ingår i: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 25-25
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A goal for science education is to develop student capabilities to participate in scientific inquiry. This includes various aspects of inquiry; formulating scientifically researchable questions as well as planning, performing, analyzing and presenting science investigations. In science education practices, there is a tradition of using practical or laboratory work to illustrate science concepts; focussing correct answers and reproduction of ready-made scientific knowledge, rather than engaging students in inquiry. Previous research shows that inquiry teaching predominantly engage students in investigating science questions as formulated beforehand by the teacher or a textbook. Little attention has been paid to what might characterize the capability of formulating scientifically researchable questions in school. In this study we draw on a theoretical framework of epistemic practices. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions makes sense only in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The aim of this study is to explore what might characterize students’ capabilities to formulate and develop scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education.The collected data consists of video-recordings of student interaction in group-work focussing formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions. Data was collected as part of a design-based study with six classes in three different schools. The video-recordings were transcribed in verbatim and analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results suggest three themes: Formulation of scientifically researchable questions as:1) Working with the specification of the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students elaborated on the meaning of related scientific concepts and discussed cause and effect. 2) Specifying researchability by focussing on how to operationalize the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students reformulate their questions as part of a process of discussing e.g. measurability and variables.3) Making value-judgements of epistemic objects. The theme illustrates how the students distinguish between scientific and non-scientific questions and make value-judgements about relevance. The results contribute to an understanding of what the capability to engage in scientific inquiry as participation in collective epistemic work in an upper-secondary school science classroom might entail. The themes are related to the establishing of a specific scientific epistemic object. The results are discussed in relation to previous research in science education and the development of resources for teaching inquiry framing capabilities of inquiry as generic.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björnhammer, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Att designa epistemiska praktiker i nv-undervisningen - en studie om hur gymnasieelever producerar naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I läroplanen för gymnasiet betonas det i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena att undervisningen ska innefatta naturvetenskapliga arbetsmetoder som att formulera och söka svar på frågor. Holmström, Pendrill et al. (2018) beskriver dock hur besparingar och en minskad tid för gymnasiets laborationsundervisning resulterat i att reformer likt denna inte fått någon genomslagskraft i lärares planering av laborationsundervisning. Den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen öppnar sällan upp för elever att formulera och utforska egna frågor (Lunde, 2015). Stort fokus läggs istället på reproduktion av redan etablerad kunskap och “rätta svar” (Andrée, 2007). När väl ansatser görs för att utforma uppgifter som ger eleverna möjlighet att utveckla förmåga till systematiskt undersökande är det inte självklart att uppgifterna faktiskt möjliggör det. Utmaningen är att utforma uppgifter som inte bara fokuserar på att eleverna ska utveckla förmåga att använda vissa tekniker och redskap för systematiskt undersökande utan att involvera eleverna i arbete med utveckla naturvetenskaplig kunskap (Bergvall, Lavett Lagerström & Andrée, 2018). Eleverna behöver få delta i aktiviteter som syftar till att synliggöra vad som kännetecknar naturvetenskapliga praktiker (Lunde, 2015; Kelly & Licona, 2018). En förutsättning för att etablera naturvetenskaplig epistemisk undervisningspraktik är enligt Kelly (2008) att eleverna får vara med och producera nya frågor och ny kunskap. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur epistemiska praktiker kan etableras i naturvetenskaplig undervisning på gymnasiet där elever ges möjlighet att utveckla förmågan att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Vi har genomfört en designbaserad studie i tre iterativa cykler i ett nära samarbete mellan nio NV-lärare och sex forskare i NV-didaktik. Cyklerna har genomförts på tre gymnasieskolor i stockholmsregionen, med 60-90 deltagande elever i respektive cykel. Empiri består av videoinspelningar och ljudupptagningar från elevgruppers diskussioner under lektionerna, samt elevers skriftligt formulerade frågor. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ innehållsanayls (Graneheim & Lundman, 2003;2017) vilket har resulterat i en variation av kvaliteter av förmågan att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. De preliminära resultaten visar att dessa kvaliteter, som exempelvis att förhålla sig till frågans undersökningsbarhet, och hur eleverna fick möjlighet att utveckla dessa spelade roll för huruvida kunskapsproduktion eller vanemässiga handlingar etablerades i undervisningen (jfr Eriksson & Lindberg, 2016; Knorr Cetina, 2001).
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| 9. |
- Björnhammer, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Vad kan elever som kan formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forskning om undervisning och lärande. - 2000-9674 .- 2001-6131. ; 8:1, s. 81-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna studie fokuserar på innebörder av att kunna formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap. Studien tar utgångspunkt i naturvetenskapligt undersökande som epistemiskt arbete. Den forskningsfråga som undersöks är: Vilka kvalitativa aspekter av kunnande kommer till uttryck i gymnasieelevers arbete med att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor? Studien har genomförts som en designbaserad studie med sex interventioner på gymnasiet där eleverna i den genomförda undervisningen har fått i uppgift att, i olika sammanhang, formulera undersökningsbara frågor. Data innefattar film- och ljudinspelningar och har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten synliggör tre kvalitativa aspekter av att formulera undersökningsbara frågor: Precisering av det epistemiska objektet, Operationalisering av det epistemiska objektet samt Värdering av frågeställningen i relation till det epistemiska objektet.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Maja, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing mono- and divalent DNA groove binding cyanine dyes--Binding geometries, dissociation rates, and fluorescence properties
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biophysical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4200 .- 0301-4622. ; 122:3, s. 195-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unsymmetrical cyanine dyes BOXTO-PRO and BOXTO-MEE were derived from the DNA groove binder BOXTO, by adding a positively charged or a non-ionic hydrophilic tail to BOXTO, respectively. The main objective was to obtain more efficient DNA probes, for instance in electrophoresis and microscopy, by slowing down the dissociation of BOXTO from DNA. The interactions with mixed sequence DNA was studied with fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy, stopped-flow dissociation and gel electrophoresis. Both the derivatives are groove bound as BOXTO, and have similar fluorescence properties when bound to mixed sequence DNA in free solution. BOXTO-PRO exhibits a slower dissociation than BOXTO from DNA, whereas the dissociation rate for BOXTO-MEE is faster and, unexpectedly independent of the ionic strength. During gel electrophoresis both BOXTO-PRO and BOXTO-MEE exhibit a faster dissociation rate than BOXTO. Still, BOXTO-PRO seems to be a good alternative as DNA probe, especially for applications in free solution where the dissociation is slower than for the corresponding intercalator TOPRO-1.
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| 11. |
- Freerks, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Att utveckla gymnasieelevers förmåga att formulera, värdera och precisera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tidigare forskning visar att elevers deltagande i laborationer inte självklart utvecklar förmågan till systematiskt undersökande arbete. I studien som presenteras utforskas därför hur undervisning kan bidra till att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Lärare från tre olika gymnasieskolor och fem ämnesdidaktiska forskare har i tre cykler tillsammans designat, implementerat och analyserat lektioner där elever engagerats i att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Det preliminära resultatet visar att gymnasieelever kan urskilja och diskutera flera aspekter av vad som kan känneteckna en naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbar fråga. Vidare synliggörs betydelsen av att sätta formuleringen av naturvetenskapliga frågor i relation till att också planera och genomföra en undersökning.
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| 12. |
- Gahrton, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Viremic hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, and vaccination status among prisoners in Stockholm County
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners. Secondary aims were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the proportion who have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all incarcerated persons (n = 667) at all prisons (n = 9) in Stockholm County was conducted. All prisoners are routinely offered opt-in screening for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HIV Ag/Ab at prison in Sweden. Data on the results of these tests and the number of received HBV vaccine doses were collected from the prison medical records. The parameters of HCV RNA, anti-HCV, and occurrence of testing for HCV were analysed in multiple logistic regression models in relation to age, sex and prison security class.RESULTS: The median age was 35 (IQR 26-44) years, and 93.4% were men. Seventy-one percent (n = 471) had been tested for anti-HCV, 70% (n = 465) for HBsAg and 71% (n = 471) for HIV. The prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg and HIV Ag/Ab was 17.0, 11.5, 1.9, and 0.2%, respectively among tested persons. The proportion of prisoners who had received full HBV vaccination was 40.6% (n = 271) among all study subjects.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners in Stockholm County was 11.5%, which is high in comparison to the general population. Therefore, when aiming for the WHO goal of HCV elimination, prisons could suit as a platform for identification and treatment of HCV infection. There is a need to increase testing for blood-borne viruses and to improve vaccination coverage against HBV in Swedish prisons.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Merkostnad för certifiering på gårdsnivå
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lantbruksföretag har flera alternativa sätt att certifiera sin produktion. Förhoppningen hos lantbrukaren är att en certifiering ska medföra både ekonomiska mervärden och göra driften hållbar. Vid en certifiering, oavsett produktionsinriktning, förbinder sig lantbrukaren att följa de regelverk som tagits fram av berörd certifieringsorganisation. Att certifieringen medför ytterligare åtaganden som ska följas, utöver de regler som gäller för alla lantbrukare, innebär att en merkostnad för certifieringen uppstår. I denna rapport behandlas certifiering enligt IP Sigill för den konventionella produktionen och certifiering enligt EU:s gemensamma regler samt enligt KRAV:s regelverk för den ekologiska produktionen. För att erhålla merkostnaden har regelverken för de olika certifieringarna studerats och jämförts med de regler som gäller om lantbrukaren väljer att driva sin produktion utan certifiering. En större och en mindre typgård har studerats för respektive produktionsinriktning. De produktionsinriktningar som har studerats är spannmålsodling, mjölkproduktion samt nötköttsproduktion inklusive certifiering av naturbeteskött. Merkostnaden har beräknats per företag och per kilogram råvara för de olika typgårdarna. Merkostnaden som uppstår kan delas upp i tre delar: egen mertid, produktionsbegränsningar samt krav i form av pålagor. Certifieringskostnaden är genomgående högre för de mindre typgårdarna sett per kilogram producerad vara, för analyserade produktionsgrenar. Vid en certifiering av ekologisk produktion medför en certifiering enligt EU:s gemensamma regelverk en lägre merkostnad än KRAV-certifiering. Detta gäller oavsett produktionsinriktning och gårdsstorlek. Merbetalningen för sigillcertifierad vara är begränsad till naturbeteskött samt vissa spannmålsgrödor. Någon merbetalning utgår inte för sigillcertifierad mjölk. Kostnaden är inte försumbar på gårdsnivå. Typgården med 50 kor har enligt analysen dubbelt så hög merkostnad per kilo mjölk för certifieringen, jämfört med typgården med 200 kor. Rapporten visar på ett kostnadsintervall på 0,6–4,7 öre per kg spannmål som ger merbetalning. För mjölk ligger intervallet mellan 0,9–7,7 öre per kg och för nötkött mellan 0,27–3,84 kr per kilo kött som ger merbetalning.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Kahn, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil-derived proteinase 3 induces kallikrein-independent release of a novel vasoactive kinin.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 1550-6606 .- 0022-1767. ; 182:12, s. 7906-7915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kinin-forming pathway is activated on endothelial cells and neutrophils when high-molecular weight kininogen (HK) is cleaved by plasma kallikrein liberating bradykinin, a potent mediator of inflammation. Kinins are released during inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, associated with neutrophil influx around blood vessels. Some patients with vasculitis have elevated plasma levels of neutrophil-derived proteinase 3 (PR3) and anti-PR3 Abs. This study investigated if neutrophil-derived PR3 could induce activation of the kinin pathway. PR3 incubated with HK, or a synthetic peptide derived from HK, induced breakdown and release of a novel tridecapeptide termed PR3-kinin, NH(2)-MKRPPGFSPFRSS-COOH, consisting of bradykinin with two additional amino acids on each terminus. The reaction was specific and inhibited by anti-PR3 and alpha(1)-antitrypsin. Recombinant wild-type PR3 incubated with HK induced HK breakdown, whereas mutated PR3, lacking enzymatic activity, did not. PR3-kinin bound to and activated human kinin B(1) receptors, but did not bind to B(2) receptors, expressed by transfected HEK293 cells in vitro. In human plasma PR3-kinin was further processed to the B(2) receptor agonist bradykinin. PR3-kinin exerted a hypotensive effect in vivo through both B(1) and B(2) receptors as demonstrated using wild-type and B(1) overexpressing rats as well as wild-type and B(2) receptor knockout mice. Neutrophil extracts from vasculitis patients and healthy controls contained comparable amounts of PR3 and induced HK proteolysis, an effect that was abolished when PR3 was immunoadsorbed. Neutrophil-derived PR3 can proteolyze HK and liberate PR3-kinin, thereby initiating kallikrein-independent activation of the kinin pathway.
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| 16. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lidström, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Work at inpatient care units is associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; a cross-sectional study of 8679 healthcare workers in Sweden.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 125:4, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the protection of healthcare workers has been in focus throughout the world, but the availability and quality of personal protective equipment has at times and in some settings been suboptimal.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8679 healthcare workers and healthcare support staff in the county of Uppsala, north of Stockholm, were included in this cross-sectional study. All subjects were analysed for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2, and predictors for positive serostatus were analysed in a logistic regression model including demographic parameters and self-reported employment characteristics.RESULTS: Overall, 577 (6.6%) were classified as seropositive, with no statistically significant differences between healthcare workers and support staff. Among healthcare workers, age (OR 0.987 per year, 95% CI 0.980-0.995), time to sampling (OR 1.019 per day, 95% CI 1.004-1.035), and employment at an outpatient care unit (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.487-0.788) were statistically significantly associated with risk of infection. Covid-19 specific units were not at particular risk, compared to other units with comparable characteristics and staff demography.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 transmission is related to inpatient healthcare work, and illustrate the need for a high standard of basic hygiene routines in all inpatient care settings.
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| 19. |
- Nygren, Gudrun, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers: a population study of 2-year-old Swedish children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 42:7, s. 1491-1497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is more common than previously believed. ASD is increasingly diagnosed at very young ages. We report estimated ASD prevalence rates from a population study of 2-year-old children conducted in 2010 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Screening for ASD had been introduced at all child health centers at child age 21/2 years. All children with suspected ASD were referred for evaluation to one center, serving the whole city of Gothenburg. The prevalence for all 2-year-olds referred in 2010 and diagnosed with ASD was 0.80%. Corresponding rates for 2-year-olds referred to the center in 2000 and 2005 (when no population screening occurred) were 0.18 and 0.04%. Results suggest that early screening contributes to a large increase in diagnosed ASD cases.
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| 20. |
- Planting-Bergloo, Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap : Mangling av en didaktisk modell
- 2021
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Ingår i: LUMAT. - : LUMA Centre Finland. - 2323-7112. ; 9:1, s. 774-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En viktig målsättning för naturvetenskaplig undervisning är att utveckla förmågan att formulera undersökningsbara frågor. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur undervisning som utformats med hjälp av metoden Question Formulation Technique (QFT) kan stödja utveckling av elevers förmåga att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. QFT är en modell för att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera och värdera sina egna frågor i allmänhet. I studien prövas QFT i en svensk skolkontext och inom ramen för naturvetenskaplig undervisning. Studien genomfördes som en interventionsstudie i gymnasieskolan och inom ramen för kursen Gymnasiearbete. I kursen ska eleverna genomföra en egen naturvetenskaplig undersökning. QFT användes för att utforma undervisning som del av introduktionen till kursen. Data består av videoinspelningar av elevsamtal från undervisning som har analyserats utifrån ett pragmatiskt ramverk med organiserande syften och praktisk epistemologisk analys. Resultaten visar vilka närliggande syften som etableras i elevernas samtal om undersökningsbara frågor i undervisningen: (A) att producera så många frågor som möjligt, (B) att bedöma vilka frågor som är mest relevanta, (C) att kategorisera frågor, (D) att hitta och specificera ett undersökningsobjekt och (E) att planera för att genomföra en undersökning. Slutsatsen är att QFT kan fungera som stöd för lärares planering av undervisning om naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor under förutsättning att läraren aktivt stödjer eleverna i att uppmärksamma centrala kvaliteter avseende undersökningsbarhet och genom att binda samman närliggande syften med det övergripande syftet.
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| 21. |
- Steneberg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: JCI INSIGHT. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 3:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AMPK activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis, is activated in response to an energy shortage imposed by physical activity and caloric restriction. We here report on the identification of PAN-AMPK activator O304, which - in diet-induced obese mice - increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, reduced beta cell stress, and promoted beta cell rest. Accordingly, O304 reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a proof-of-concept phase IIa clinical trial in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients on Metformin. T2D is associated with devastating micro-and macrovascular complications, and O304 improved peripheral microvascular perfusion and reduced blood pressure both in animals and T2D patients. Moreover, like exercise, O304 activated AMPK in the heart, increased cardiac glucose uptake, reduced cardiac glycogen levels, and improved left ventricular stroke volume in mice, but it did not increase heart weight in mice or rats. Thus, O304 exhibits a great potential as a novel drug to treat T2D and associated cardiovascular complications.
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| 22. |
- Thorsell, Annika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Proteome analysis of serum containing conditioned medium from primary astrocyte cultures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics. - 0974-276X. ; 1:3, s. 128-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of strategies that allow for identification of secreted factors in conditioned media is of significance for a wide range of research areas. Secreted factors are involved in intercellular communication and might also be biomarkers of potential clinical importance, used for early detection and diagnosis of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metabolic labeling combined with mass spectrometry could be used to identify secreted proteins in serum-containing conditioned medium. Earlier proteomic studies of conditioned media have been performed on cells cultured in serum-free media. In the present study the fact that only the proteins derived from the cells contain the incorporated isotopically labeled amino acid was taken advantage of, making it possible to differentiate released proteins from medium proteins. The second objective was to examine whether any quantitative differences in the secretion profiles between primary astrocytes and astrocytes in a scratch injury model of reactive astrogliosis could be found. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify secreted proteins in serum-containing medium using a proteomic approach involving stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell cultures and mass spectrometry.
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| 23. |
- Westman, Gabriel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of brain injury, inflammation and synaptic autoimmunity predict long-term neurocognitive outcome in herpes simplex encephalitis.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 27:8, s. 1131-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the correlation between biomarkers of brain injury and long-term neurocognitive outcome, and the interplay with intrathecal inflammation and neuronal autoimmunity, in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).METHODS: A total of 53 adult/adolescent HSE patients were included from a prospective cohort in a randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating the effect of a 3-month follow-up treatment with valaciclovir. Study subjects underwent repeated serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling and brain magnetic resonance imaging in the first 3 months along with cognitive assessment using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) at 24 months. CSF samples were analysed for biomarkers of brain injury, inflammation and synaptic autoimmunity. The predefined primary analysis was the correlation between peak CSF neurofilament protein (NFL), a biomarker of neuronal damage, and MDRS at 24 months.RESULTS: Impaired cognitive performance significantly correlated with NFL levels (rho = -0.36, p = 0.020). Development of IgG anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NDMAR) antibodies was associated with a broad and prolonged proinflammatory CSF response. In a linear regression model, lower MDRS at 24 months was associated with previous development of IgG anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (beta = -0.6249, p = 0.024) and age (z-score beta = -0.2784, p = 0.024), but not CSF NFL, which however significantly correlated with subsequent NMDAR autoimmunization (p = 0.006).DISCUSSION: Our findings show that NFL levels are predictive of long-term neurocognitive outcome in HSE, and suggest a causative chain of events where brain tissue damage increases the risk of NMDAR autoimmunisation and subsequent prolongation of CSF inflammation. The data provides guidance for a future intervention study of immunosuppressive therapy administered in the recovery phase of HSE.
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- Westman, Gabriel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical significance of IgM and IgA class anti-NMDAR antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532 .- 1873-5967. ; 103, s. 75-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a devastating disease, often leaving patients with severe disabilities. It has been shown that IgG anti-N-methyl-o-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies appear in approximately 25% of HSE patients and could be associated with impaired recovery of cognitive performance. Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of IgM and IgA anti-NMDAR antibodies in HSE patients, in relation to subsequent development of IgG anti-NMDAR and correlation to cognitive performance. Study design: A total of 48 subjects were included from a previously described cohort of patients with HSE verified by HSV-1 PCR. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples drawn close to onset of disease, after 14-21 days of iv aciclovir treatment and after 90 days of follow-up, were analyzed for the presence of IgM and IgA anti-NMDAR, and related to IgG anti-NMDAR. Antibody levels were correlated to the recovery of cognitive performance, as estimated by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), for a total of 24 months. Results: In total, 27 of 48 (56%) study subjects were anti-NMDAR positive, defined as the presence of IgG (12/ 48, 25%), IgM (14/48, 29%) or IgA (13/48, 27%) antibodies in CSF and/or serum. IgM or IgA anti-NMDAR did not predict subsequent IgG autoimmunization and did not correlate to cognitive outcome. IgG anti-NMDAR serostatus, but not antibody titers, correlated to impaired recovery of cognitive performance. Conclusions: A majority of HSE patients develop IgG, IgM or IgA anti-NMDAR antibodies. However, the predictive value and clinical relevance of non-IgG isotypes remains to be shown in this setting.
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