SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Weström Björn) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Weström Björn)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 82
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al. (författare)
  • Early effects on the intestinal barrier and pancreatic function after enteral stimulation with protease or kidney bean lectin in neonatal rats
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 119:9, s. 992-1002
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gut maturation naturally accelerates at weaning in altricial mammalian species, such as the rat. Mimicking this, gut development can also be induced precociously, 3–4 d earlier than it would occur naturally, by enteral exposure to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), or various proteases. We investigated the early effects of gut provocation on intestinal barrier and pancreatic functions, to get a better understanding of the mechanisms that initiate gut maturation. The effects of oral administration of protease (trypsin) or PHA to 14-d-old suckling rats were studied during 24 h in comparison with water-fed controls. Intestinal in vivo permeability was assessed by oral administration of different-sized marker molecules and measuring their passage into the blood or urine 3 h later. A period of 24 h following oral administration, both PHA and protease provocation stimulated small intestinal (SI) growth and pancreatic secretion, as indicated by decreased pancreatic trypsin and increased luminal enzyme content. Within 1 h of oral administration, both treatments prevented the absorption of macromolecules to blood that was observed in controls. PHA treatment hindered the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) 4 to blood, whereas protease treatment temporarily increased plasma levels of FD4, and the urine lactulose:mannitol ratio, indicating increased intestinal leakiness. Following protease treatment, fluorescence microscopy showed decreased vesicular uptake of FD70 in the proximal SI and increased epithelial fluorescence in the distal SI. In conclusion, PHA and protease differed in their early effects on the intestinal barrier; both exerted a blocking effect on epithelial endocytosis, whereas protease treatment alone temporarily increased epithelial leakiness, which seemed to be confined to the distal SI.
  •  
2.
  • Arévalo Sureda, Ester, et al. (författare)
  • Maturation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in neonatal rats coincides with decreased FcRn expression, replacement of vacuolated enterocytes and changed Blimp-1 expression
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The intestinal barrier is immature in newborn mammals allowing for transfer of bioactive macromolecules, e.g. protecting antibodies, from mother's milk to the blood circulation and in neonatal rodents lasts until weaning. This passage involves the neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) binding IgG in the proximal and highly endocytic vacuolated enterocytes in the distal immature small intestine (SI). Recent studies have suggested an involvement of the transcription factor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation-protein-1 (Blimp-1) in the regulation of SI maturation in mice. Hence, the objective of the present study was to monitor the development of the intestinal barrier function, in relation to Blimp-1 expression during both natural and precociously induced intestinal maturation in rats. Results: During the suckling period IgG plasma levels increased, while after gut closure it temporarily decreased. This corresponded to a high expression of FcRn in the proximal SI epithelium and the presence of vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. The immature foetal-type epithelium was replaced after weaning or induced precocious maturation, by an adult-type epithelium with FcRnneg cells in the proximal and by non-vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. In parallel to this epithelial shift, Blimp-1 expression decreased in the distal SI. Conclusion: The switch from foetal- to adult-type epithelium, with decreased proximal expression of FcRn and distal replacement of vacuolated enterocytes, was concurrent in the two SI regions and could be used for monitoring SI maturation in the rat. The changes in expression of Blimp-1 in the distal SI epithelium followed the maturation pattern.
  •  
3.
  • Axelsson, Jakob B, et al. (författare)
  • Initiation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulphate in the rat.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:4, s. 480-489
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The initiating events in the onset of pancreatitis are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous ligands, acting on receptors within ductal, acinar or stellate cells, which have previously been shown to cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute pancreatitis could be induced by heparan sulphate (HS)infused into the pancreatic ducts in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrograde biliary-pancreatic infusion of heparan sulphate of different structures, taurodeoxycholate (TDC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed. Local pancreatic inflammation was evaluated after 6 h by means of morphological evaluation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and levels of plasma amylase. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma IL-6, MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations. RESULTS: Heparan sulphate induced a local inflammatory response visualized as a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the pancreas. Heparan sulphate induced inflammation and oedema without causing damage to acinar cells, as measured by morphological changes and plasma amylase concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentrations of CINC-1 and IL-6 was seen. The positive control (TDC) had increased levels of all variables analysed and the negative control (heparan sulphate administered intraperitoneally) was without effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a receptor-mediated innate immune response of the pancreatic cells induced by heparan sulphate. This finding may be helpful in elucidating some of the mechanisms involved during the initiation of pancreatitis, as well as in the search for a potential future therapeutic application.
  •  
4.
  • Axelsson, Jakob B, et al. (författare)
  • Intestinal bacteria and permeability during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 19:3, s. 276-284
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: An increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation has been demonstrated in critical illness. Cellulose derivatives have in the past been shown to reduce gut leakage following liver resection. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in microbial counts in experimental acute pancreatitis and the effect of pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives and N-acetyl cysteine. Subjects: 92 male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal taurodeoxycholic acid infusion. Animals received oral pretreatment and were randomized to either sham operation or the pancreatitis groups, with or without pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives, the antioxidant or their combinations. Intestinal bacterial populations and permeability were evaluated using bacterial counts and Ussing chamber, respectively. Results: The number of E. coli increased in the luminal content and ileal and colonic mucosa, but levels were restored to almost those seen in controls in all pre-treatment groups except for N-acetyl cysteine. When intestinal permeability was measured, none of the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to challenge, except for Nacetyl cysteine, which significantly increased permeability. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives was more efficient against disturbances in intestinal permeability and microbial populations than the antioxidant Nacetyl cysteine.
  •  
5.
  • Berggren, S, et al. (författare)
  • Regional transport and metabolism of roivacaine and its CYP3A4 metabolite PPX in human intestine
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-3573 .- 2042-7158. ; 55:7, s. 963-972
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The major aim of this study was to investigate the CYP3A4 metabolism and polarized transport of ropivacaine and its metabolite 2',6'-pipecoloxylidide (PPX) in tissue specimens from the human small and large intestine. Ropivacaine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in human colon. This study was conducted using a modified Ussing-chamber technique with specimens from jejunum, ileum and colon collected from 11 patients. The local kinetics of ropivacaine and PPX were assessed from their concentration-time profiles in mucosal and serosal compartments. The permeability (P-app) in the absorptive direction for both ropivacaine and PPX increased regionally in the order jejunum
  •  
6.
  •  
7.
  • Carlsson, Anders, 1980- (författare)
  • Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer’s patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer’s patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle.Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated.The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal mast cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with probiotics was effective in protecting the gut against stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal inflammation. This protection appeared to involve a mast cell and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ dependent mechanism.
  •  
8.
  • Donaldson, J, et al. (författare)
  • The effectiveness of enzymatic replacement therapy measured by turbidimetry and the lipaemic index in exocrine pancreatic insufficient young, growing pigs, fed a high-fat diet.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Advances in Medical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1896-1126 .- 1898-4002. ; 54:1, s. 7-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Conventionally, the management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) involves the consumption of a specific diet as well as the replacement of pancreatic enzymes, the effectiveness of which is usually measured by a classical method of blood analyses of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides (TG). Dietary supplementation with a pancreatic enzyme preparation (PEP), in conjunction with a high-fat diet, on growth performance, digestibility and absorption (analysed using turbidimetry) of dietary fat in pigs with EPI was investigated.Materials/Methods: EPI was developed by surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct of six male pigs, 6 weeks of age. The pigs were fed a high fat diet (twice daily). A PEP containing 1800 mg entero-coated pancreatin was included in the high fat meals. Blood, urine and faecal samples were collected. The urine and faeces were analysed for dry matter, crude protein and fat content. The lipaemic index and plasma lipid profiles were assessed.Results: EPI completely stopped growth of the pigs. Treatment with PEP significantly increased (P<0.05) growth and body mass as well as the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. PEP significantly improved the co-efficient of fat absorption, the lipaemic index (measured by turbidimetry methods) and caused significant changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations.Conclusions: The short term enzymatic replacement therapy together with a high fat meal has immediate beneficial effects on diet digestibility and on the growth retardation observed in EPI pigs. The turbidimetry method used to measure lipaemic index is a reliable, quick and efficient technique in measuring plasma lipid profiles and thus a good tool for assessing fat absorption.
  •  
9.
  •  
10.
  • Edwards, M. V., et al. (författare)
  • Spray-dried porcine plasma and yeast derived protein meal influence the adaption to weaning of primiparous and multiparous sow progeny in different ways
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Animal Production Science. - 1836-5787. ; 53:1, s. 75-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pigs from 154 litters (n = 1132, 19 +/- 3 days of age, 4.9 +/- 1.1 kg of bodyweight) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial design to evaluate two raw materials with nutraceutical properties being used in feeds, spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and a yeast protein meal, and their effects on growth performance, immune parameters and gastrointestinal adaption of piglets to weaning. Factors included dietary treatments being (1) 5% SDPP (PLA), (2) 3.5% yeast protein meal (NUP) and (3) medicated control (TMC) and parity (primiparous versus multiparous). The treatment groups were imposed from Day 19 through to weaning at Day 27. Selected pigs (n = 720, 28 +/- 3 days of age, 7.4 +/- 1.0 kg of bodyweight) were weaned and remained on their respective diets from Day 28 to Day 34. From Day 35 to Day 48 all group-housed pigs were offered a commercial weaner 1 diet, and from Day 49 to Day 68 pigs were offered a commercial weaner 2 diet. Growth performance, survival, and serum immunoglobulinGwere monitored throughout the nursery phase (Day 28 to Day 68). Adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute post-weaning phase (Day 28 to Day 34) was assessed in 36 individually housed male weaners, with the effects of feed on structural, digestive, microbial and immune parameters along the gastrointestinal tract determined atDay 34. Pre-weaning feed disappearance was greater (P< 0.01) in multiparous litters independent of diet. In the commercial nursery, total removals (mortality and morbidity) were highest (P<0.01) in primiparous sow progeny, with pigs offered NUP having greater (P <= 0.05) total removals. Pigs offered PLA had superior average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio from Day 28 to Day 34 (P<0.05). Pigs offered NUP tended to (P=0.07) have superior average daily gain from Day 35 to Day 49. Pigs offered NUP had higher (P<0.05) serum immunoglobulinGconcentrations at Day 68 compared with pigs offered TMC, with the effect most pronounced in primiparous sow progeny. Individually housed weaners offered PLA consumed more (P<0.05) feed on Day 30 to Day 31, had shorter relative intestine length (P<0.05), greater villous height in the medial jejunum (P<0.10) and lower immuno-pathology scores along the intestine. Pigs offered PLA also tended (P<0.10) to have increased pancreatic-specific lipase and amylase activity compared with pigs offered NUP. Pigs offered NUP had a higher ratio of E. coli : coliforms in the colon (P<0.01) and more counts of beta-haemolytic bacteria in the medial jejunum (P<0.05) and colon (P<0.10). Diets containing either SDPP or NUP offered pigs benefits beyond nutrition relative to the medicated control diet. The benefits of SDPPwere highly effective but transient, while the yeast derived protein had a successive or accumulative effect which was more pronounced in primiparous sow progeny. Received 3 May 2012, accepted 17 October 2012, published online 29 November 2012
  •  
11.
  • Elbrond, V. S., et al. (författare)
  • The early postnatal pattern of vesicle formation in different regions of the porcine small intestine
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413. ; 108:1-3, s. 142-145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the early postnatal period, the permeability of the piglet small intestine is high to compensate for the absence of trans-placental transfer of immunoglobulins during the fetal period. Vesicles, which mainly reflect the uptake of macromolecules and other colostral/ milk components, were studied in three different regions of the small intestine - proximal, mid and distal - in a total of twelve piglets on day 0 (unsuckled and colostrums-fed), 2 and 6 (all suckled). Tissues were sampled and prepared for light microscopy (paraffin and cryo) and trans-electron microscopy. Different methods were applied to visualize cytoplasmatic subcellular components such as fat (Oil red O) and carbohydrates (PAS). Appearance and morphology of the epithelial vesicles were compared. In the proximal region several small supranuclear and a single large subnuclear electron dense, eosinophilic and PAS+ vesicle were present. They disappeared after 2 days (gut closure) and on day 6 adult-looking epithelial cells were present. In the distal region of day 0 pigs digestion vesicles/flocculent vesicles were observed in the cytoplasma. The vesicles appeared empty but with eosinophilic, PAS+ and electron dense precipitations. The size and variation of these vesicles increased with age. Fat absorption increased markedly from day 2 to day 6. The observations indicate that in general colostral absorption processes are initiated prenatally, persist after birth and in the distal region also after gut closure. Fat absorption increased after gut closure, and in the distal region the increase correlated with e.g. IgG absorption. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
12.
  • Emek, Sinan Cem, et al. (författare)
  • Pigments protect the light harvesting proteins of chloroplast thylakoid membranes against digestion by gastrointestinal proteases
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0268-005X. ; 25:6, s. 1618-1626
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chloroplast thylakoid membranes inhibit pancreatic lipase/colipase activity in vitro and, when included in food, induce satiety signals. As thylakoid membranes themselves are nutrients, containing lipids and proteins, it is of interest to study the digestion of thylakoids by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Thylakoid membranes were treated with pepsin, trypsin, gastric and pancreatic juice at 37 degrees C and the resulting enzymatic breakdown was analyzed by gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy. In all cases, several of the proteins were degraded within half an hour, while the main parts of the pigment-protein complexes were resistant for hours. Oil emulsified thylakoids were more resistant towards the enzymatic breakdown. Electron microscopy demonstrated that, after treatments, the thylakoids still remained in a membrane vesicular form. The capacity of thylakoid membranes to inhibit the lipase/colipase activity was partly reduced in all cases. About 50% of the inhibition capacity remained after treatment with pancreatic juice when the thylakoids were present in an oil emulsion. Delipidated thylakoids and plasma membranes, which lack the photosynthetic pigments, were degraded rapidly by pancreatic juice. Conclusion: The pigments, closely bound to the trans-membrane helices of thylakoid membrane proteins protect these from digestion by pepsin, trypsin, gastric and pancreatic juice. This supports the notion that a substantial inhibition of lipase/colipase takes place during the first 2 h in the intestine resulting in a retardation and prolongation of lipolysis in vivo. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
13.
  • Everaert, Nadia, et al. (författare)
  • A review on early gut maturation and colonization in pigs, including biological and dietary factors affecting gut homeostasis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401. ; 233, s. 89-103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the prenatal, neonatal and post-weaning periods, the mammalian gastrointestinal tract undergoes various morphological and physiological changes alongside with an expansion of the immune system and microbial ecosystem. This review focuses on the time period before weaning and summarizes the current knowledge regarding i) structural and functional aspects ii) the development of the immune system, and iii) the establishment of the gut ecosystem of the porcine intestine. Structural and functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract gradually progress with age. In the neonatal period colostrum induces gut closure, leads to an increase in intestinal weight, absorptive area and brush border enzyme activities. During the first weeks of life, an increased secretion of stomach and pancreatic enzymes and an increased uptake of monosaccharides and amino acids are observed. The development in digestive function coincides with development in both the adaptive and innate immune system. This secures a balanced immune response to the ingested milk-derived macromolecules, and colonizing bacteria. Husbandry and dietary interventions in early life appear to affect the development of multiple components of the mucosal immune system. Furthermore, the composition of the intestinal microbial communities seems to be affected by the early postnatal environment, which might also contribute to gut maturation, metabolic and immune development. Understanding the interplay between morphological, functional and immunological maturation, as influenced by early microbial colonization and ingestion of dietary factors, is of utmost importance to identify management and feeding strategies to optimize intestinal health. We discuss some possible implications related to intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm delivery as these both dramatically increase the risk of mortality and morbidity. In addition, some nutritional interventions during the perinatal period in both sows and piglets will be discussed in the light of possible health consequences early in life and later on.
  •  
14.
  • Evilevitch, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • CCK-B receptor antagonist YF476 inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion at a duodenal level in pigs
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 39:9, s. 886-890
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: To evaluate the mechanisms by which cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates the exocrine pancreas, the role and location of CCK receptors in the pig were investigated using the CCK-B receptor antagonist YF476 and different administration routes of CCK. Methods: In 11 anaesthetized pigs, catheters were surgically implanted in the pancreatic duct for juice collection, and in the gastric arteries and jugular vein, so that infusions of CCK-33 could be directed to the duodenal/gastric, duodenal/ pancreatic or general circulations, respectively. Experiments were performed under control conditions, and after pretreatment by gavage feeding with YF476, using either a single, low dose of 0.3 mumol kg(-1), which would block the CCK-B receptors, or a 1000 times higher dose (300 mumol kg(-1)), which would also block the CCK-A receptors. Results: The increase in the pancreatic output of protein and the enzymes trypsin and amylase observed after the infusion of CCK-33 at 13 pmol kg(-1) to the duodenum/stomach or duodenum/pancreas was inhibited by pretreatment with YF476 at both dosages. In contrast, the increase in protein and enzyme output after the infusion of a supraphysiological dose of CCK-33 (130 pmol kg(-1)) to the general circulation was not affected by pretreatment with low dosage YF476, whereas high dosage YF476 completely inhibited the stimulated secretion. Conclusions: These data indicate that CCK-33 given locally to the duodenum in doses raising CCK to physiological plasma levels stimulates the pancreatic enzyme secretion via duodenal CCK-B receptors. Supra-physiological doses of CCK-33 to the general circulation appeared to affect the pancreatic enzyme secretion via CCK-A receptors located elsewhere than in the pancreatic and duodenal tissue.
  •  
15.
  • Evilevitch, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • CCK regulates pancreatic enzyme secretion via short duodenal-pancreatic reflexes in pigs
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 38:2, s. 201-206
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Different routes of administration of CCK-33 and blockage of CCK-A and muscarinic (m(3)) receptors are used in this study to evaluate the mechanisms by which cholecystokinin can stimulate the exocrine pancreas. Methods: The experiment was performed on eight anaesthetized pigs during control conditions and after administration of the CCK-A and m(3) receptor antagonists, Tarazepide and 4-DAMP, respectively. Catheters were surgically implanted in the pancreatic duct for juice collection and in the gastric and right gastro-epipoic arteries and in the jugular vein, so that infusions of CCK-33 could be made exclusively to the duodenum/stomach, duodenum/pancreas or general circulation, respectively. Results: Infusion of a low dose of CCK-33 (13 pmol kg(-1)) to the general circulation did not affect pancreatic protein or trypsin output. When the same dose was given directly to the duodenum/stomach or the duodenum/pancreas, pancreatic output increased during both control conditions and after Tarazepide and/or 4-DAMP treatment, though the increase in trypsin Output was lower after Tarazepide and/or 4-DAMP blockade. A high dose of CCK-33 (130 pmol kg(-1)) given peripherally stimulated the pancreatic secretion, but this response was totally abolished in Tarazepide and 4-Damp treated animals. Conclusions: Pancreatic enzyme secretion due to CCK-33 stimulation depends on the presence of short duodenal-pancreatic peptidergic reflexes evoked mainly via low sensitive, probably CCK-B, receptors located in the duodenum/stomach. Pancreatic secretion evoked by peripheral CCK-33 in pharmacological doses was independent Of m(3) receptors blockade but depended on CCK-A receptors located elsewhere than in the duodenum/pancreas.
  •  
16.
  • Evilevitch, L., et al. (författare)
  • Three-Day Enteral Exposure to a Red Kidney Bean Lectin Preparation Enhances the Pancreatic Response to CCK Stimulation in Suckling Pigs.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 87:1, s. 20-25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: A reason for the digestive problems that often occur around early weaning in piglets could be that the pancreas is not yet fully developed and the enzymes required for degradation of the solid food are not secreted in enough amounts. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of inducing pancreas maturation with enhanced enzyme secretion. Methods: 10-day-old suckling pigs were gavage fed with a red kidney bean lectin preparation for 3 days, and the pancreatic response to intravenous infusion of CCK-33 was measured in the anaesthetized animals fitted with pancreatic duct catheters. Results: The pancreatic fluid secretion, protein output, and the trypsin and amylase outputs were significantly increased in response to CCK stimulation after the lectin treatment, as compared to those of the control littermates (p le 0.05). In addition, the plasma insulin basal levels and those observed during CCK-33 stimulation were lower in the lectin-treated piglets. Conclusion: The results suggested that the lectin treatment led to an increase in the capacity for pancreatic enzyme secretion in the suckling piglets. An enhanced pancreatic function might help to ameliorate the problems that may appear in modern pig production which are associated with weaning.
  •  
17.
  • Fedkiv, Olexandr, et al. (författare)
  • Growth is dependent on the exocrine pancreas function in young weaners but not in growing-finishing pigs
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. - 0867-5910. ; 60:Suppl. 3, s. 55-59
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A correlation between the exocrine pancreatic function and growth has been previously demonstrated in growing pigs but the data are inconsistent. This was investigated by studying the growth performance of pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) at different ages and maintained under similar conditions. Twelve 7 week old (10.5 +/- 1.3 kg) weaners, and twelve 16 week old (43 +/- 5 kg) growing-finishing pigs were used in the experiments, and 6 pigs from each group were operated and pancreatic duct-ligated. Starting at 3-5 weeks after the operation, when EPI had developed, weekly recordings of feed consumption and growth were done before, during and after feed supplementation with porcine pancreatin (Creon (R) 10000). In weaner pigs, EPI caused growth arrest while it did not affect the growth of older pigs, as compared to respective un-operated groups of pigs. The daily feed consumption (DFC) was lower in the weaner EPI-pigs while it was similar in the growing-finishing EPI-pigs, as compared to un-operated pigs. Feed supplementation with Creon (R) improved the DFC and growth in both the EPI and un-operated pigs. In conclusion, the results showed the importance of the exocrine pancreatic function for growth in weaner pigs, while in older animals it played a minor role in growth. Feed supplementation with pancreatin increased the appetite and ensured an improved feed conversion.
  •  
18.
  • Fåk, Frida, et al. (författare)
  • Age-related Effects of the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on Gastrointestinal Function in Suckling Rats
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 53:664-671, s. 664-671
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of a probiotic bacterium on gut function was studied in neonatal animals by using a model with suckling rats. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) or saline (controls) was fed (3.0 x 10(6) CFU/g b.wt per day) for one week to rats aged either 3, 7 or 14 days, after which bacterial colonization, gut growth, and functional parameters were analyzed. In rats fed with Lp299v from 3 to 10 days of age, an increase in ceacal lactobacilli was correlated with reduced intestinal macromolecular permeability and increased mucosal protein compared to age-matched controls. Pups treated from 7 to 14 days of age showed a decrease in pancreas weight and protein content, whereas pups treated from 14 to 21 days of age showed little effect of the Lp299v treatment. The results indicated that the bacterial exposure affected the gut function, where the effects were age-related and the youngest rats appeared most sensitive.
  •  
19.
  • Fåk, Frida, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation are modulated by E. coli in rat offspring
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:5, s. 744-751
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Microbial manipulations in early life can affect gut development and inflammatory status of the neonate. The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation also influences the health of the offspring, but the impact of maternal high-fat (HF) feeding along with modulations of the gut microbiota on body weight, fat deposition and gut function in the offspring has been poorly studied. Methods: Rat dams were given access to either an HF or a standard low-fat diet during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and during lactation and effects on body weight and gastrointestinal function were investigated in the 14-day-old offspring. To elucidate whether bacterial administration to the dam could modulate any effects of the diets in the rat pups, another group of dams were given Escherichia coli in their drinking water. Results: Maternal HF feeding resulted in increased body and fat pad weights in the offspring, along with increased levels of the acute-phase protein, haptoglobin and decreased protein content and disaccharidase activities in the small intestine. The addition of E. coli further accentuated these responses in the young rats, which, in addition to higher body weights and increased fat deposition, also showed an increased intestinal permeability and elevated levels of haptoglobin. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time how bacterial administration to the maternal diet during the neonatal period can affect body weight and fat deposition in the offspring. The results point to a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia, which appear to have led to increased adiposity in the young rats. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 744-751; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.118; published online 5 July 2011
  •  
20.
  • Fåk, Frida, et al. (författare)
  • Gastric ghrelin cell development is hampered and plasma ghrelin is reduced by delayed weaning in rats
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 1479-6805 .- 0022-0795. ; 192:2, s. 345-352
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The duration of breastfeeding has attracted much interest, as a prolonged period of breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the risk of developing obesity. The mechanism behind the reduced risk is, however, poorly understood. The novel hormone ghrelin augments appetite, promotes body. weight increase and increases adiposity. The majority of circulating ghrelin emanates from endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach. In newborn humans and rodents, the number of ghrelin cells is low after birth until weaning, when the cell population is greatly expanded. To date, information about the influence of weaning perturbations on ghrelin cell development is scarce. Therefore, we studied the effect of delayed weaning on gastric ghrelin expression and plasma ghrelin concentration. To this end, special food separator cages were used to prevent the pups from eating solid food, forcing them to drink milk up to 21 days of age. Gastric ghrelin expression was examined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation, and plasma concentrations were assessed by RIA. Our data showed that gastric ghrelin expression and plasma ghrelin concentration are maintained at a lower level by delayed weaning. We also found that the relation between gastric ghrelin expression and body weight was altered by delayed weaning. Thus, control rats displayed a positive correlation between ghrelin expression and body weight, while no such correlation was evident in animals with delayed weaning. We conclude that delayed weaning exerts a negative influence on ghrelin expression, and that the onset of solid food intake may trigger normal ghrelin expression. Therefore, we suggest that ghrelin may constitute a hormonal link between the duration of breastfeeding and body weight development.
  •  
21.
  • Fåk, Frida, et al. (författare)
  • Microbial manipulation of the rat dam changes bacterial colonization and alters properties of the gut in her offspring.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 294, s. 148-154
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The impact of an altered bacterial colonization on gut development has not been thoroughly studied, despite the increased risk of certain diseases with a disturbed microbiota after birth. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microbial manipulation, i.e. antibiotic treatment or Escherichia coli (E. coli) exposure, of the dam on bacterial colonization and gut development in the offspring. Pregnant rats were administered either broad-spectrum antibiotics three days prior to parturition, or live non-pathogenic E. coli CCUG 29300T one week before parturition and up to 14 days of lactation in the drinking water. Caecal bacterial levels, gut growth, intestinal permeability, digestive enzyme levels and intestinal inflammation were studied in two-week old rats. Pups from dams that were antibiotic-treated had higher densities of Enterobacteriaceae which correlated with a decreased stomach growth and function, lower pancreatic protein levels, higher intestinal permeability and increased plasma levels of the acute phase protein, haptoglobin, compared with pups from untreated mothers. Exposure of pregnant/lactating mothers to E. coli CCUG 29300T, also resulting in increased Enterobacteriaceae levels, gave in the offspring similar results on the stomach and an increased small intestinal growth as compared to the control pups. Furthermore, E. coli pups showed increased mucosal disaccharidase activities, increased liver, spleen and adrenal weights, as well as increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin. These findings indicate that disturbing the normal bacterial colonization after birth, by increasing the densities of caecal Enterobacteriaceae, appear to have lasting effects on the postnatal microflora which affects gut growth and function.
  •  
22.
  •  
23.
  • Goncharova, Kateryna, et al. (författare)
  • Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurological disorders are among the main clinical problems affecting preterm children and often result in the development of communication and learning disabilities later in life. Several factors are of importance for brain development, however the role of immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer) has not yet been investigated. Piglets are born agammaglobulinemic, as a result of the lack of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in utero, thus, they serve as an ideal model to mimic the condition of immunoglobulin deficiency in preterm infants. Thirty six, unsuckled newborn piglets were fed an infant formula or colostrum and supplemented orally or intravenously with either species-specific or foreign immunoglobulin and then compared to both newborn and sow-reared piglets. Two days after the piglets were born behavioural tests (novel recognition and olfactory discrimination of conspecifics scent) were performed, after which the piglets were sacrificed and blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampi samples were collected for analyses. Both parameters of neuronal plasticity (neuronal maturation and synapse-associated proteins) and behavioural test parameters appeared to be improved by the appearance of species-specific porcine immunoglulin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid of the piglets. In conclusion, we postulate possible positive clinical effects following intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin in terms of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in preterm infants born with low blood immunoglobulin levels.
  •  
24.
  •  
25.
  • Keita, Åsa, 1973- (författare)
  • Barrier function of the Follicle-Associated Epithelium in Stress and Crohn's disease
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Crohns sjukdom är en kronisk inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom av okänd orsak. Det tidigaste tecknet på Crohns sjukdom är mikroskopiska sår i det s.k. follikelassocierade epitelet (FAE) som täcker ansamlingar av immunceller i tarmen. FAE är specialiserat för att fånga innehåll från tarmen och transportera det till underliggande immunvävnad. Denna funktion är viktig för att inducera skyddande immunsvar, men den utgör också en ingångsväg för sjukdomsalstrande bakterier. Crohns sjukdom är associerat med ett kraftigt ökat immunsvar mot bakterier, och sjukdomsförloppet kan ändras av stress.Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att studera effekterna av stress på FAE samt att undersöka rollen av FAE vid utvecklingen av tarminflammation, särskilt vid Crohns sjukdom.Inledningsvis studerades effekterna av psykologisk stress på FAE. Stressade råttor uppvisade ökad genomsläpplighet av bakterier efter stress, och passagen var högre i FAE än i vanligt epitel. Efterföljande experiment visade att stressförändringarna i slemhinnan regleras via kortikotropinfrisättande hormon och mastceller. Vidare visade det sig att vasoaktiv intestinal peptid kunde efterlikna stressens effekter på genomsläppligheten, och att detta kunde förhindras genom att blockera mastcellerna.Studier av tunntarmsslemhinna från patienter med icke-inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom och friska kontroller visade en högre passage av bakterier i FAE än i vanligt epitel. Hos patienter med Crohns sjukdom var bakteriepassagen genom FAE betydligt ökad jämfört med kontroller.Resultaten från detta avhandlingsarbete visar att stress kan förändra upptaget av bakterier från tarmen via FAE, med mekanismer som innefattar kortikotropinfrisättande hormon och mastceller. Detta har gett nya kunskaper kring regleringen av slemhinnebarriären. Vidare presenterar denna avhandling nya insikter i sjukdomsuppkomsten vid Crohns sjukdom genom att påvisa en tidigare okänd defekt i barriärfunktionen i FAE.
  •  
26.
  • Kruszewska, Danuta, et al. (författare)
  • Enteral crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin--phytohemagglutinin--induces maturational changes in the enterocyte membrane proteins of suckling rats.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 84:2, s. 152-158
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aimed to investigate the effect of enterally administered crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin, PHA, on the expression of brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) proteins, in particular Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), in the small intestine of suckling rats. Gavage of PHA to 14-day-old rats for 3 days resulted in altered protein/glycoprotein patterns as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblots demonstrated the appearance of two 71- and 27-kD protein bands indicative for NHE3 - one of the NHE isoforms - and PHA, respectively. PHA treatment also resulted in an augmented uptake of 22Na+ by the BBMV indicating an increase in NHE activity. Overall, the data suggests that enteral PHA exposure may induce maturational changes in enterocyte membrane proteins in young rats. In view of these findings, an investigation into the addition of PHA to infant formulas and weaning diets is warranted.
  •  
27.
  • Köhnke, Rickard, et al. (författare)
  • Feeding appetite suppressing thylakoids to pigs alters pancreatic lipase/colipase secretion
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413. ; 134:1-3, s. 68-71
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mechanism for a new appetite suppressor named thylakoids (membrane proteins derived from spinach leaves) was examined in vivo in pigs. Thylakoids inhibit the lipase/colipase hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) in vitro and suppress food intake, decrease body weight gain and raise the circulating satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) in rats but its mechanism in vivo remains unclear. We hypothesized that a thylakoid-enriched diet prolongs intestinal digestion of food and therefore promote satiety signaling. Five pigs were surgically prepared with a fistula in the duodenum for collection of digesta and with two catheters, one in v. jugularis and one in v. porta, for blood collection. After 1 week of recovery and an overnight fast the pigs were fed a high-fat diet with and without supplementation with thylakoids. Duodenal content and blood samples were taken before and 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min after feeding. Pancreatic lipase and colipase enzymes were measured in duodenal digesta. Blood samples were analyzed for the satiety hormone CCK as well as insulin and glucose. We found that pancreatic lipase/colipase level increased and stayed elevated for a longer time in the duodenum in the pigs receiving thylakoids compared to the control. CCK levels were unchanged. Insulin levels were significantly reduced by the thylakoid treatment without any change in blood glucose. In conclusion, thylakoids increased lipase/colipase secretion. The mechanism for this secretion appears not to be related to CCK and may be an effect of vagal activation. Thylakoids gave reduced insulin levels without any change in glucose levels. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
  •  
28.
  • Lavasani, Shahram, et al. (författare)
  • A novel probiotic mixture exerts a therapeutic effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mediated by IL-10 producing regulatory T cells.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). One potential therapeutic strategy for MS is to induce regulatory cells that mediate immunological tolerance. Probiotics, including lactobacilli, are known to induce immunomodulatory activity with promising effects in inflammatory diseases. We tested the potential of various strains of lactobacilli for suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The preventive effects of five daily-administered strains of lactobacilli were investigated in mice developing EAE. After a primary screening, three Lactobacillus strains, L. paracasei DSM 13434, L. plantarum DSM 15312 and DSM 15313 that reduced inflammation in CNS and autoreactive T cell responses were chosen. L. paracasei and L. plantarum DSM 15312 induced CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and enhanced production of serum TGF-beta1, while L. plantarum DSM 15313 increased serum IL-27 levels. Further screening of the chosen strains showed that each monostrain probiotic failed to be therapeutic in diseased mice, while a mixture of the three lactobacilli strains suppressed the progression and reversed the clinical and histological signs of EAE. The suppressive activity correlated with attenuation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokines followed by IL-10 induction in MLNs, spleen and blood. Additional adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that IL-10 producing CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs are involved in the suppressive effect induced by the lactobacilli mixture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data provide evidence showing that the therapeutic effect of the chosen mixture of probiotic lactobacilli was associated with induction of transferable tolerogenic Tregs in MLNs, but also in the periphery and the CNS, mediated through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. Our findings indicate a therapeutic potential of oral administration of a combination of probiotics and provide a more complete understanding of the host-commensal interactions that contribute to beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases.
  •  
29.
  • Linderoth, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Binding and the effect of the red kidney bean lectin, phytohaemagglutinin, in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling rats
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 95:1, s. 105-115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enteral exposure of suckling rats to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and precocious functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of this action. Suckling rats, 14 d old, were fed a single dose of PHA (0.05 mg/g body weight) or saline. The binding of PHA to the gut epithelium and its effect on the morphology and functional properties of the gut and pancreas were studied up to 3 d after treatment. Initially, at 1-24 h, the PHA bound along the gut mucosal lining, resulting in disturbed gut morphology with villi shortening and rapid decreases in disaccharidase activities and macromolecular absorption capacity. During a later phase, between 1 and 3 d, the PHA binding had declined, and an uptake by enterocytes was observed. An increase in crypt cell proliferation and gut growth became evident during this period, together with a functional maturation, as indicated by increases in disaccharidase (maltase and sucrase) activities and the low macromolecular absorption capacity. Pancreas growth also increased, as did its content of digestive enzymes. We conclude that enteral exposure to PHA in suckling rats temporarily causes mucosal disarrangement and functional impediment of the gut, which may be explained by binding to and disruption of the gut mucosa and a two-fold increase in the plasma corticosterone concentration. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the role of diet in gastrointestinal maturation and may constitute a basis for the treatment of mammals having an immature gut.
  •  
30.
  • Linderoth, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Enterally but not parenterally administered Phaseolus vulgaris lectin induces growth and precocious maturation of the gut in suckling rats
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 89:1-3, s. 60-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The lectin, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been shown to induce growth and functional maturation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in suckling rats. Objectives: To investigate the effect of the administration route, and whether enteral exposure to PHA was necessary to induce functional maturation. Methods: Fourteen-day-old rats were daily administered PHA via orogastric feeding (0.05 mg PHA/g BW) or via subcutaneous injection (0.05 or 0.005 mg PHA/g BW) for 3 days, while the controls received saline orogastrically. At 17 days of age, organ weight, intestinal and pancreatic function, and plasma corticosterone levels were analyzed. Moreover, 14-days old pups receiving a single dose of PHA, enterally or parenterally, were sacrificed after 12 h and examined for organ PHA binding using immunohistochemistry. Results: Enteral PHA exposure resulted in PHA binding in the epithelial lining of the small intestine, increased gastrointestinal growth, reduced intestinal macromolecular absorption, altered the disaccharidase expression towards an adult-like pattern, and increased the pancreatic protein and trypsin contents. In contrast, parenteral PHA exposure (high dose) resulted in PHA-binding in extra-intestinal organs, increased liver and spleen weight, and decreased thymus weight. Moreover, the intestinal maltase activity increased moderately, and the transfer of BSA to blood plasma was partially reduced. Both PHA treatments led to elevated plasma corticosterone levels. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that enteral exposure to PHA was necessary to induce the precocious maturation of the GI tract and the pancreas, while parenteral administration affects the extra-intestinal organs. Furthermore, the enteral effects were probably not mediated via a corticosteroid dependent pathway.
  •  
31.
  • Linderoth, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Induced Growth and Maturation of the Gastrointestinal Tract After Phaseolus vulgaris Lectin Exposure in Suckling Rats
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - Jpgn. - 1536-4801. ; 41:August, s. 195-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: In mammals, the postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by vast structural and functional changes. Using a suckling rat model, we investigated whether red kidney bean lectin, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a potent gut mitogen in adult rats, can accelerate the growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: At either 10 or 14 days of age, suckling rats were daily gavage fed with PHA (0.05 mg/g body weight) or saline for 3 days. At 1 or 3 days after this treatment, gastrointestinal organ growth, intestinal morphology, disaccharidase pattern, macromolecular absorption capacity, and pancreatic enzyme contents were studied. Results: After PHA exposure, increased small intestinal growth and number of crypt cells were observed, whereas the proportion of enterocytes with supranuclear vacuoles in the distal intestine was decreased. The macromolecular absorption of the markers bovine immunoglobulin (Ig)G and bovine serum albumin and plasma levels of maternal IgG decreased, and intestinal disaccharidases switched toward an adult-like pattern. The pancreas weight and pancreatic protein and trypsin contents increased. These changes were partly reversible when the PHA treatment began at 10 days of age, but they persisted when the treatment began at 14 days of age. Conclusions: PHA induced enhanced growth and precocious functional maturation of the gastrointestinal tract in suckling rats. The effects persisted if the PHA treatment started at 14 days of age, but not before, suggesting an age dependent mechanism. These findings may lead to a better understanding of gastrointestinal maturation and constitute a basis for the treatment of mammals having an immature gut.
  •  
32.
  • Linninge, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 106:6, s. 887-895
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec) on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother’s dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, the dietary regimes started with the dams at pregnancy and through lactation, and continued with the offspring for six months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than for groups C (control) and Ec (P=0•086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P=0•030) and higher plasma leptin (P=0•035) were seen in group Ec compared to group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P=0•019) and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r=0•428, P=0•029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P=<0•05) and Lp (P=<0•05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P=0•036) and Ec (P=0•056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. Our results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.
  •  
33.
  • Lozinska, Liudmyla, et al. (författare)
  • Decreased insulin secretion and glucose clearance in exocrine pancreas-insufficient pigs.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Experimental Physiology. - 1469-445X. ; 101:1, s. 100-112
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • What is the central question of this study? Does the exocrine pancreas have an impact on endocrine pancreatic function and peripheral nutrient utilization? What is the main finding and its importance? In an exocrine pancreas-insufficient pig model, the insulin response to a glucose load was delayed. Oral enzyme supplementation did not improve the insulin release but facilitated blood glucose clearance. These results suggest an acino-insular axis communication affecting islet function and an impact of gut pancreatic enzymes on blood glucose utilization. The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on the glucose-mediated insulin response and glucose utilization were studied in an exocrine pancreas-insufficient (EPI) pig model. Five 10-week-old EPI pigs after pancreatic duct ligation and 6 age-matched, non-operated control pigs were used in the study. Blood glucose, plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were monitored during meal (MGTT), oral (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) glucose tolerance tests. Upon post-mortem examination, the pancreatic remnants of the EPI pigs showed acinar fibrotic atrophy but normal islets and β-cell morphology. The EPI pigs displayed increased fasting glucose concentrations compared with control animals (6.4 ± 0.4 versus 4.8 ± 0.1 mmol l(-1) , P < 0.0001) but unchanged insulin concentrations (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.1 ± 0.2 pmol l(-1) ). During the OGTT and IVGTT, the EPI pigs showed slower, impaired glucose utilization, with the disruption of a well-timed insulin response. Plasma C-peptide concentrations confirmed the delayed insulin response during the IVGTT in EPI pigs. Oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation (PES) of EPI pigs improved glucose clearance during IVGTT [AUCglucose 1295 ± 70 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 1044 ± 32 mmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.0001] without reinforcing the release of insulin [AUCC-peptide 14.4 ± 3.8 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI versus 6.4 ± 1.3 nmol l(-1) × (120 min) in EPI + PES, P < 0.002]. The results suggest the existence of an acino-insular axis regulatory communication. The presence of pancreatic enzymes in the gut facilitates glucose utilization in an insulin-independent manner, indicating the existence of a gut-derived pancreatic enzyme-dependent mechanism involved in peripheral glucose utilization.
  •  
34.
  •  
35.
  • Lundin, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Differences in transport rate of oxytocin and vasopressin analogues across proximal and distal isolated segments of the small intestine of the rat.
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Pharmaceutical Research. - 1573-904X. ; 8, s. 1274-1280
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The transmural intestinal passage of some oxytocin and vasopressin analogues (oxytocin, OT; [Mpa1, D-Arg8]vasopressin, dDAVP; [Mpa1, Tyr (OMe)2, carba6]oxytocin, carbetocin; [Mpa1, D-Tyr (OEt)2, Thr4, Orn8]vasotocin, antocin II; [Mpa1, D-Tyr (OEt)2, Thr4, desPro7Orn8Gly9NH2]tocinoic acid-NH(CH2)3NH2, desPOG-antocin II-NH(CH2)3NH2) was studied using isolated proximal and distal segments in the rat. All peptides (measured as peptide-like immunoreactivity) displayed a higher transport rate across distal intestinal segments as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The smallest peptide, des POG-antocin II-NH(CH2)3NH2, was transported at the fastest rate. No correlation of lipophilicity with transport rate was observed. Determination of the amount of peptide remaining in the mucosal media at the end of the incubation period by HPLC did not reveal any visible degradation products. However, the large difference in transport rate between [3H]OT and immuno-reactive OT indicates mucosal metabolism of this peptide. [3H]d-DAVP was distributed in a larger mucosal volume than the extracellular space marker [3H]inulin, indicating tissue uptake, but was too low (
  •  
36.
  • Mangell, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Lactobacillus plantarum 299v inhibits Escherichia coli-induced intestinal permeability.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - 1573-2568. ; 47:3, s. 511-516
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this work was to investigate whether a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, could affect Escherichia coli-induced passage of mannitol across the intestinal wall. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for one week by either tube feeding with L. plantarum 299v twice daily, free access to L. plantarum 299v by adding the bacterium in the drinking water, or negative control receiving regular feeding. Intestinal segments were mounted in Ussing chambers and the mucosa was exposed to control medium, E. coli, and L. plantarum 299v (alone or together). [14C]Mannitol was added as a marker of intestinal permeability and samples were taken from the serosal side. E. coli exposure induced a 53% increase in mannitol passage across the intestinal wall (P < 0.05). One week of pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v in the drinking water abolished the E. coli-induced increase in permeability. Tube feeding for one week or short-term addition of L. plantarum 299v in the Ussing chambers had no effect on the permeability provoked by E. coli challenge. Notably, L. plantanum 299v itself did not change the intestinal passage of mannitol. These data demonstrate that pretreatment with L. plantarum 299v, which is a probiotic bacterium, protects against E. coli-induced increase in intestinal permeability, and that L. plantarum 299v alone has no influence on the intestinal permeability. Thus, this study supports the concept that probiotics may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.
  •  
37.
  • Marungruang, Nittaya, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of dietary induced precocious gut maturation on cecal microbiota and its relation to the blood-brain barrier during the postnatal period in rats
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925. ; 30:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Precocious maturation of the gastrointestinal barrier (GIB) in newborn mammals can be induced by dietary provocation, but how this affects the gut microbiota and the gut‐brain axis remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of induced GIB maturation on gut microbiota composition and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Methods Suckling rats were studied at 72 h after gavage with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or microbial protease (PT) to induce maturation of GIB. For comparison, untreated suckling and weaned rats were included (n = 10). Human serum albumin (HSA) was administered orally and analyzed in blood to assess permeability of the GIB, while intraperitoneally injected bovine serum albumin (BSA) was measured in the brain tissue for BBB permeability. The cecal microbial composition, plasma lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) levels and short‐chain fatty acids in serum and brain were analyzed. Key Results Cessation of HSA passage to blood after PHA or PT treatment was similar to that seen in weaned rats. Interestingly, concomitant increases in cecal Bacteroidetes and plasma LBP levels were observed after both PHA and PT treatments. The BBB passage of BSA was surprisingly elevated after weaning, coinciding with lower plasma LBP levels and specific microbial taxa and increased acetate uptake into the brain. Conclusions & Inferences This study provides evidence that the gut microbiota alteration following induced precocious GIB maturation may induce low‐grade systemic inflammation and alter SCFAs utilization in the brain which may also play a potential role in GIB‐BBB dysfunction disorders in neonates.
  •  
38.
  • Montelius, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Chloroplast thylakoids reduce glucose uptake and decrease intestinal macromolecular permeability.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 106:6, s. 836-844
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thylakoid membranes, derived from chloroplasts, have previously been shown to retard fat digestion and lower blood glucose levels after oral intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of thylakoid membranes on the passage of methyl-glucose, dextran and ovalbumin over rat intestine in vitro using Ussing chambers. The results show that thylakoids retard the passage of each of the test molecules in a dose-dependent way. The thylakoids appear to be attached on the mucosal surface and a mechanism is suggested that the thylakoids delay the passage of the test molecules by sterical hindrance. The present results indicate that thylakoid membranes may be useful both to control intestinal absorption of glucose and to enhance the barrier function of the intestine.
  •  
39.
  • Montelius, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary thylakoids suppress blood glucose and modulate appetite-regulating hormones in pigs exposed to oral glucose tolerance test.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 33:6, s. 1122-1126
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dietary chloroplast thylakoids have previously been found to reduce food intake and body weight in animal models, and to change metabolic profiles in humans in mixed-food meal studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects of thylakoids on glucose metabolism and appetite-regulating hormones during an oral glucose tolerance test in pigs fed a high fat diet.
  •  
40.
  • Montelius, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Feeding spinach thylakoids to rats modulates the gut microbiota, decreases food intake and affects the insulin response
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2048-6790. ; 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Thylakoid membranes derived from green leaf chloroplasts affect appetite-regulating hormones, suppress food intake, reduce blood lipids and lead to a decreased body weight in animals and human subjects. Thylakoids also decrease the intestinal in vitro uptake of methyl-glucose in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary thylakoids on the gut microbiota composition, mainly the taxa of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in rats fed either a thylakoid-enriched diet or a control diet for 10 d. At the same time, a glucose-tolerance test in the same rats was also performed. Food intake was significantly decreased in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats over the 10-d study. An oral glucose tolerance test after 10 d of thylakoid- or control-food intake resulted in significantly reduced plasma insulin levels in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats, while no difference was observed for blood glucose levels. Analysis of gut bacteria showed a significant increase of lactobacilli on the ileal mucosa, specifically Lactobacillus reuteri, in the rats fed the thylakoid diet compared with rats fed the control diet, while faecal lactobacilli decreased. No difference in bifidobacteria between the thylakoid and control groups was found. Analyses with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and principal component analysis of faeces demonstrated different microbial populations in the thylakoid- and control-fed animals. These findings indicate that thylakoids modulate the gut microbial composition, which might be important for the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism.
  •  
41.
  • Nejdfors, P, et al. (författare)
  • Intestinal permeability in humans is increased after radiation therapy
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - 0012-3706. ; 43:11, s. 1582-1587
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Irradiation inflicts acute injuries to the intestinal mucosa with rapid apoptosis induction and subsequent reduction in epithelial surface area. It may therefore be assumed that the intestinal barrier function is affected. The aim of this study was to compare the mucosal permeability in irradiated rectum and nonirradiated sigmoid colon from patients subjected to radiation therapy before surgical treatment for rectal cancer. METHODS: Segments from sigmoid colon and rectum obtained from irradiated and nonirradiated patients were stripped from the serosa-muscle layer and mounted in Ussing diffusion chambers. The mucosa-to-serosa passage of the marker molecules 14C-mannitol, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4,400, and ovalbumin was followed for 120 minutes. RESULTS: The permeability to the markers was size-dependent and increased linearly across time in all specimens. The passage of all markers was increased in irradiated rectum compared with nonirradiated sigmoid colon, whereas in specimens from nonirradiated patients there were no differences between rectum and sigmoid colon. Histologic signs of crypt and mucosal atrophy were found in the irradiated rectal specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Early gastrointestinal complications after radiation therapy may be the result of mucosal atrophy in addition to mucosal damage, with a loss of barrier integrity.
  •  
42.
  • Nejdfors, P, et al. (författare)
  • Mucosal in vitro permeability in the intestinal tract of the pig, the rat, and man: species- and region-related differences
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 35:5, s. 501-507
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The barrier properties of the gastrointestinal mucosa may be studied by measuring its permeability to different-sized marker molecules. Owing to difficulties in obtaining human tissue it is, however, often necessary to extrapolate findings from experimental animals to man. The aim of the present study was to compare regional intestinal mucosal permeability in man, the rat, and the pig, using the same marker molecules and in vitro technique. METHODS: Segments from jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum were mounted in Ussing diffusion chambers, and the mucosa-to-serosa passage of 14C-mannitol, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran 4,400, alpha-lactalbumin, ovalbumin, and FITC-dextran 70,000 was studied. RESULTS: Irrespective of species or intestinal region an inverse relationship between the molecular weight of the markers and the permeability was seen. The mannitol permeability was higher in the small intestine than in the colon in man, whereas the rat showed a higher permeability in the ileum than in the jejunum and colon. The FITC-dextran 4,400 permeability was higher in all intestinal regions in the rat than in man and the pig. The macromolecules showed low permeability with no regional differences. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed differences between intestinal regions and between species. Permeability data from the pig correlated fairly well with those of man, whereas the rat differed, making it difficult to extrapolate from the rat to man.
  •  
43.
  • Nouri, Mehrnaz, et al. (författare)
  • Elevated Fecal Calprotectin Accompanied by Intestinal Neutrophil Infiltration and Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - 1661-6596. ; 24:20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by myelin-specific autoreactive T cells. We previously demonstrated intestinal barrier disruption and signs of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Fecal calprotectin is a disease activity biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases, released by neutrophils in response to inflammation. We aimed to further investigate EAE manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract and to determine whether calprotectin is a useful biomarker of intestinal inflammation in EAE. Calprotectin was analyzed in feces, cecal contents, and plasma of EAE mice. Infiltrating neutrophils and goblet cells were investigated in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract before the onset of neurological symptoms and during established disease. We found increased calprotectin levels in feces, cecal content, and plasma preceding EAE onset that further escalated during disease progression. Increased neutrophil infiltration in the intestinal tissue concomitant with IL-17 expression and myeloperoxidase activity was found to correlate well with clinical activity. Increased goblet cells in the intestine, similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were also observed. The results suggest calprotectin as a good biomarker of gastrointestinal inflammation in EAE and the potential of this model as a useful animal model for IBS.
  •  
44.
  • Nouri, Mehrnaz, et al. (författare)
  • Intestinal barrier dysfunction develops at the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and can be induced by adoptive transfer of auto-reactive T cells.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a pathogenesis involving a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier and myelin-specific, autoreactive T cells. Although the commensal microbiota seems to affect its pathogenesis, regulation of the interactions between luminal antigens and mucosal immune elements remains unclear. Herein, we investigated whether the intestinal mucosal barrier is also targeted in this disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the prototypic animal model of MS, was induced either by active immunization or by adoptive transfer of autoreactive T cells isolated from these mice. We show increased intestinal permeability, overexpression of the tight junction protein zonulin and alterations in intestinal morphology (increased crypt depth and thickness of the submucosa and muscularis layers). These intestinal manifestations were seen at 7 days (i.e., preceding the onset of neurological symptoms) and at 14 days (i.e., at the stage of paralysis) after immunization. We also demonstrate an increased infiltration of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cells and a reduced regulatory T cell number in the gut lamina propria, Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer to healthy mice of encephalitogenic T cells, isolated from EAE-diseased animals, led to intestinal changes similar to those resulting from the immunization procedure. Our findings show that disruption of intestinal homeostasis is an early and immune-mediated event in EAE. We propose that this intestinal dysfunction may act to support disease progression, and thus represent a potential therapeutic target in MS. In particular, an increased understanding of the regulation of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier and in the intestinal wall may be crucial for design of future innovative therapies.
  •  
45.
  • Pierzynowska, Kateryna, et al. (författare)
  • Absorption of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Is Related to IgG Blood Levels of Neonatal Pigs during the First 48 Hours Postpartum
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Immunology Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-8861 .- 2314-7156. ; 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current study is aimed at highlighting the impact of enterally or parenterally applied immunoglobulins (Igs) on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) absorption in newborn pigs. Piglets were chosen as the appropriate model since they are born agammaglobulinemic and any effects of Ig addition can thus be easily monitored. Twenty-one, new born piglets were used in the study. Plasma levels of PUFAs, ARA, DHA, and EPA dropped (similarly to that seen in human infants) by between 40 and 50% in newborn, unsuckled piglets fed an infant formula for 48 h. However, piglets fed the same infant formula but supplied with immunoglobulins (Igs) either orally, by feeding piglets with swine or bovine colostrum, or intravenously, by i.u.a. (intraumbilical artery) infusion of swine or human Ig preparations or swine serum, demonstrated improved growth and PUFA levels similar to those observed at birth. The significant positive correlation was found between the body weight gain, as well as levels of ARA and EPA, and plasma immunoglobulins concentration. These results indicate the importance of the presence of Ig in the blood for appropriate absorption of dietary PUFAs and probably other nutrients in newborn piglets. This may have an impact on the dietary guidelines for human neonates, especially those born prematurely with low plasma Ig levels, since PUFAs are important factors for brain development in early life.
  •  
46.
  • Pierzynowska, Kateryna, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal Immunoglobulins in Infants—Are They More Than Just a Form of Passive Immunity?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present review, we highlight the possible “extra-immunological” effects of maternal immunoglobulins (Ig) transferred to the blood circulation of offspring, either via the placenta before birth or via the colostrum/milk across the gut after birth in different mammalian species. Using the newborn pig as a model, since they are naturally born agammaglobulinemic, intravenously (i.v.) infused purified serum Ig rapidly improved the vitality, suckling behavior, and ensured the survival of both preterm and term piglets. In further studies, we found that proper brain development requires i.v. Ig supplementation. Studies have reported on the positive effects of i.v. Ig treatment in children with epilepsy. Moreover, feeding newborn pigs an elementary diet supplemented with Ig improved the gut structure, and recently a positive impact of enteral or parenteral Ig supplementation on the absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in the newborn pig. Summarized, our own results and those found in the literature, indicate the existence of important extra-immune effects of maternal Ig, in addition to the classical protective effects of transferred maternal passive immunity, including effects on the development of the brain, gut, and possibly other organ systems in the neonate. These additional properties of circulating Ig could have an impact on care guidelines for human neonates, especially those born prematurely with low plasma Ig levels.
  •  
47.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
  •  
48.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Enteral Pancreatic-like Enzymes of Microbial Origin affect Insulin Release during an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2155-6156. ; 7:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have previously shown that the presence of pancreatic enzymes in the gut lumen of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs influences blood glucose and insulin levels during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The present study aims to highlight the effects of orally applied pancreatic-like enzymes on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels during an IVGTT in young intact pigs. Five, 7-week old pigs were fed with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin, a proteinase (from Aspergillus melleus), α-amylase (from Aspergillus oryzae) or lipase (from Burkholderia cepacia) alone or in combination with the Ca/Na salts of α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG). One hour following administration of the various supplements an IVGTT was performed. Blood samples were withdrawn during the 2 hours of IVGTT for glucose and insulin analyses. Blood glucose during the IVGTT was identical following administration of all combinations of the various enzymes or enzyme mixtures. Enteral loading of amylase or any amylase containing mixture resulted in reduced insulin secretion while administration of proteinase or any proteinase containing mixture resulted in enhanced insulin secretion during IVGTT, as compared to the control water vehicle. Lipase or AKG and lipase or AKG containing mixtures did not affect insulin secretion. Thus, it can be suggested that host amylase/protease ratio and their amount in pancreatic juice can participate in regulation of insulin release, thus, possibly affecting development of obesity and diabetes type 2.
  •  
49.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
  •  
50.
  • Pierzynowski, Stefan G., et al. (författare)
  • Experiments suggesting extra-digestive effects of enteral pancreatic amylase and its peptides on glucose homeostasis in a pig model
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The studies presented were designed to highlight the impact of pancreatic enzymes on glycemic control and insulin response. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored after intravenous, oral or direct gut glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 6 pigs with an intact gastrointestinal tract and in 12 pigs following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. In the intact pigs, pancreatic enzymes (Creon®) given orally 1 h prior to the GTT, lowered the blood glucose levels during the oral and meal GTT and reduced the plasma insulin response during the intravenous and meal GTT. In DJB pigs, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were higher following glucose loading into the by-passed biliopancreatic limb as compared to that following glucose loading orally or into the common intestinal limb. Infusion of amylase or amylase peptides together with glucose into the biliopancreatic limb lowered blood glucose levels in DJB pigs. These preliminary data suggest new, extra-digestive, actions of enteral pancreatic enzymes - probably amylase or its peptides - on glucose homeostasis, with an reduction in net glucose absorption into the blood and in insulin response. This ability of digestive enzymes (amylase) to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia in an insulin-independent manner could aid in preventing the development of obesity and diabetes.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 82
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (74)
konferensbidrag (4)
doktorsavhandling (2)
forskningsöversikt (2)
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (79)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (3)
Författare/redaktör
Weström, Björn (79)
Pierzynowski, Stefan (39)
Prykhodko, Olena (17)
Erlanson-Albertsson, ... (9)
Fedkiv, Olexandr (9)
Kruszewska, Danuta (8)
visa fler...
Jeppsson, Bengt (7)
Fåk, Frida (7)
Linderoth, Ann (7)
Molin, Göran (6)
Ahrné, Siv (6)
Arevalo Sureda, Este ... (6)
Pierzynowski, Stefan ... (6)
Botermans, Jos (6)
Svendsen, Jörgen (6)
Rengman, Sofia (6)
Montelius, Caroline (5)
Ahren, Bo (4)
Wierup, Nils (4)
Ekelund, Mats (4)
Woliński, J. (4)
Evilevitch, Lena (4)
Szwiec, Katarzyna (4)
Nouri, Mehrnaz (3)
Albertsson, Per-Åke (3)
Lavasani, Shahram (3)
Linninge, Caroline (3)
Pierzynowska, Katery ... (3)
Skibo, G (3)
Kovalenko, T (3)
Andersson, Roland (2)
Thorlacius, Henrik (2)
Lennernäs, Hans (2)
Rehfeld, Jens F. (2)
Axelsson, Jakob B (2)
Emek, Sinan Cem (2)
Schmidt, M. (2)
Ekblad, Eva (2)
Norrman, Gustav (2)
Sangild, PT (2)
Buddington, RK (2)
Weström, Björn, Prof ... (2)
Ochniewicz, P (2)
Filip, R (2)
Bonn, Peter (2)
Sileikiene, V (2)
Kowalik, S (2)
Kruszewska, D (2)
Zabielski, R (2)
Gregory, Peter C (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Lunds universitet (78)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (5)
Linköpings universitet (3)
Göteborgs universitet (2)
Uppsala universitet (2)
Umeå universitet (1)
Språk
Engelska (81)
Odefinierat språk (1)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (50)
Naturvetenskap (30)
Lantbruksvetenskap (7)
Teknik (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy