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Sökning: WFRF:(Whalen Margaret J.)

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1.
  • Grahn, Maria, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Description of the global energy systems model GET-RC 6.1
  • 2013
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • To provide a tool for decision makers to understand meeting global energy demand with global energy supply at a minimum cost and in a sustainable way, we have developed a global energy model (GET-RC 6.1) that includes a detailed description of passenger vehicle technology options. The model can be used to better understand the fuel and vehicle technology choices available for passenger vehicles and how these fit into the larger global energy system, where different energy sectors compete for the same limited primary energy sources. The original linear programming Global Energy Transition (GET) model is designed to meet exogenously given energy demand levels, subject to a CO2 constraint, at the lowest global energy system cost (all costs are in US$). The GET model is being developed and extended to address research questions related to the sustainable development of the global energy system. Several different versions of the GET model are available. The aim of this report is to describe the version used in collaboration between staff at Ford Motor Company and Chalmers University of Technology during the period 2008-2013. The model version used, GET-RC 6.1, was developed to address research questions related to light duty passenger vehicles, where R stands for regionalized and C for cars. The report contains a description of the settings that are defined in the model (i.e., the sets, parameters and variables), the equations used in the model, suggestion for how to implement the model step by step, and the mathematical description of the model.
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2.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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