| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Egervärn, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected common occurrence of transferable extended spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish surface waters used for drinking water supply
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 587-588, s. 466-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases (pAmpC) is increasingly being reported in humans, food-producing animals and food world-wide. However, the occurrence and impact of these so-called extended spectrum cephalosporinase (ESC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in aquatic environments are poorly documented. This study investigated the occurrence, concentrations and characteristics of ESC-producing E. coli (ESC-Ec) in samples of surface water collected at five Swedish water treatment plants that normally have relatively high prevalence and concentration of E. coli in surface water. ESC-Ec was found in 27 of 98 surface water samples analysed. All but two positive samples were collected at two of the water treatment plants studied. The ESC-Ec concentration, 1-3cfu/100mL, represented approximately 4% of the total amount of E. coli in the respective surface water sample. In total, 74% of the isolates were multi-resistant, but no isolate was resistant to carbapenems. Six types of ESBL/pAmpC genes were found in the 27 E. coli isolates obtained from the positive samples, of which four (blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14) were found during the whole sampling period, in samples taken at more than one water treatment plant. In addition, the genes were situated on various types of plasmids and most E. coli isolates were not closely related with regard to MLST types. The combinations of ESBL/pAmpC genes, plasmids and E. coli isolates were generally similar to those found previously in healthy and sick individuals in Sweden. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESC-Ec in Swedish surface water shows that resistant bacteria of clinical concern are present in aquatic environments even in a low-prevalence country such as Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Eriksdotter-Jönhagen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Encapsulated cell biodelivery of nerve growth factor to the Basal forebrain in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 33:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain correlates with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeted delivery of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a potential AD therapy due to its regenerative effects on the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD animal models. Here we report the results of a first-in-man study of encapsulated cell (EC) biodelivery of NGF to the basal forebrain of AD patients with the primary objective to explore safety and tolerability.
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| 4. |
- Ferreira, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Brain changes in Alzheimer's disease patients with implanted encapsulated cells releasing nerve growth factor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 43, s. 1059-1072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015-IOS Press and the authors. New therapies with disease-modifying effects are urgently needed for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nerve growth factor (NGF) protein has demonstrated regenerative and neuroprotective effects on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in animal studies. In addition, AD patients treated with NGF have previously shown improved cognition, EEG activity, nicotinic binding, and glucose metabolism. However, no study to date has analyzed brain atrophy in patients treated with NGF producing cells. In this study we present MRI results of the first clinical trial in patients with AD using encapsulated NGF biodelivery to the basal forebrain. Six AD patients received the treatment during twelve months. Patients were grouped as responders and non-responders according to their twelve-months change in MMSE. Normative values were created from 131 AD patients from ADNI, selecting 36 age-and MMSE-matched patients for interpreting the longitudinal changes in MMSE and brain atrophy. Results at baseline indicated that responders showed better clinical status and less pathological levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42. However, they showed more brain atrophy, and neuronal degeneration as evidenced by higher CSF levels of T-tau and neurofilaments. At follow-up, responders showed less brain shrinkage and better progression in the clinical variables and CSF biomarkers. Noteworthy, two responders showed less brain shrinkage than the normative ADNI group. These results together with previous evidence supports the idea that encapsulated biodelivery of NGF might have the potential to become a new treatment strategy for AD with both symptomatic and disease-modifying effects.
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| 5. |
- Howner, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Brain processing of fearful facial expression in mentally disordered offenders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. - Irvine, CA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2160-5866 .- 2160-5874. ; 1:3, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional facial expressions are important cues for interaction between people. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain function when processing fearful facial expressions in offenders with two psychiatric disorders which include impaired emotional facial perception; autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and psychopathy (PSY). Fourteen offenders undergoing forensic psychiatric assessment (7 with ASD, and 7 psychopathic offenders) and 12 healthy controls (HC) viewed fearful and neutral faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain activity (fearful versus neutral faces) was compared both between HC and offenders and between the two offender groups (PSY and ASD). Functional co-activation was also investigated. The offenders had increased activity bilaterally in amygdala and medial cingulate cortex as well as the left hippocampus during processing fearful facial expressions compared to HC. The two subgroups of offenders differed in five regions compared with each other. Results from functional co-activation analysis suggested a strong correlation between the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the left hemisphere only in the PSY group. These findings suggest enhanced neural processing of fearful faces in the amygdala as well as in other facial processing brain areas in offenders compared to HC. Moreover, the co-activation between amygdala and ACC in the PSY but not the ASD group suggested qualitative differences in amygdala activity in the two groups. Since the sample size is small the study should be regarded as a pilot study.
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| 6. |
- Karami, Azadeh, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in CSF cholinergic biomarkers in response to cell therapy with NGF in patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:11, s. 1316-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The extensive loss of central cholinergic functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is linked to impaired nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. The cardinal cholinergic biomarker is the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which has recently been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The purpose of this study was to see if EC-NGF therapy will alter CSF levels of cholinergic biomarkers, ChAT, and acetylcholinesterase. Method: Encapsulated cell implants releasing NGF (EC-NGF) were surgically implanted bilaterally in the basal forebrain of six AD patients for 12 months and cholinergic markers in CSF were analyzed. Results: Activities of both enzymes were altered after 12 months. In particular, the activity of soluble ChAT showed high correlation with cognition, CSF tau and amyloid-beta, in vivo cerebral glucose utilization and nicotinic binding sites, and morphometric and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging measures. Discussion: A clear pattern of association is demonstrated showing a proof-of-principle effect on CSF cholinergic markers, suggestive of a beneficial EC-NGF implant therapy.
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| 7. |
- Lauvrud, Anne Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Water jet-assisted lipoaspiration and Sepax cell separation system for the isolation of adipose stem cells with high adipogenic potential
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1748-6815 .- 1878-0539. ; 74:10, s. 2759-2767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Water jet-assisted liposuction has gained popularity due to favourable fat grafting outcomes. In this study, we compared stem cells obtained from fat isolated with manual or the water jet-assisted procedure.Methods: Liposuction of abdominal fat was performed using the two methods on each donor (n = 10). Aspirate samples were collagenase digested and the isolated cells seeded in vitro prior to proliferation, adipogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity analyses.Results: Cells from either procedure proliferated at similar rates and exhibited a similar colony-forming ability. The cells expressed stem cell markers CD73, CD90 and CD105. In the water jet cell preparations, there were higher numbers of cells expressing CD146. Robust adipogenic differentiation was observed in cultures expanded from both manual and water jet lipoaspirates. Gene analysis showed higher expression of the adipocyte markers aP2 and GLUT4 in the adipocyte-differentiated water jet cell preparations, and ELISA indicated increased secretion of adiponectin from these cells. Both cell groups expressed vasculogenic factors and the water jet cells promoted the highest levels of in vitro angiogenesis. Given these positive results, we further characterised the water jet cells when prepared using an automated closed cell processing unit, the Sepax-2 system (Cytiva). The growth and stem cell properties of the Sepax-processed cells were similar to the standard centrifugation protocol, but there was evidence for greater adipogenic differentiation in the Sepax-processed cells.Conclusions: Water jet lipoaspirates yield cells with high adipogenic potential and angiogenic activity, which may be beneficial for use in cell-assisted lipotransfers.
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| 8. |
- McGrath, Aleksandra M., et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Effects of Fibrin Conduit with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunosuppression after Peripheral Nerve Repair in a Xenogenic Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 2155-1790. ; 10, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Previously we showed that a fibrin glue conduit with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and cyclosporine A (CsA) enhanced early nerve regeneration. In this study long term effects of this conduit are investigated. Methods: In a rat model, the sciatic nerve was repaired with fibrin conduit containing fibrin matrix, fibrin conduit containing fibrin matrix with CsA treatment and fibrin conduit containing fibrin matrix with hMSCs and CsA treatment, and also with nerve graft as control. Results: At 12 weeks 34% of motoneurons of the control group regenerated axons through the fibrin conduit. CsA treatment alone or with hMSCs resulted in axon regeneration of 67% and 64% motoneurons respectively. The gastrocnemius muscle weight was reduced in the conduit with fibrin matrix. The treatment with CsA or CsA with hMSCs induced recovery of the muscle weight and size of fast type fibers towards the levels of the nerve graft group. Discussion: The transplantation of hMSCs for peripheral nerve injury should be optimized to demonstrate their beneficial effects. The CsA may have its own effect on nerve regeneration.
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| 9. |
- Volchko, Yevheniya, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing costs and benefits of improved soil quality management in remediation projects : A study of an urban site contaminated with PAH and metals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminants in the soil may threaten soil functions (SFs) and, in turn, hinder the delivery of ecosystem services (ES). A framework for ecological risk assessments (ERAs) within the APPLICERA - APPLICable site-specific Environmental Risk Assessment research project promotes assessments that consider other soil quality parameters than only contaminant concentrations. The developed framework is: (i) able to differentiate the effects of contamination on SFs from the effects of other soil qualities essential for soil biota; and (ii) provides a robust basis for improved soil quality management in remediation projects. This study evaluates the socio-economic consequences of remediation alternatives stemming from a Tier 1 ERA that focusses on total contaminant concentrations and soil quality standards and a detailed, site-specific Tier 3 Triad approach that is based on the APPLICERA framework. The present study demonstrates how Tier 1 and Tier 3 ERAs differ in terms of the socio-economic consequences of their remediation actions, as well as presents a novel method for the semi-quantitative assessment of on-site ES. Although the presented Tier 3 ERA is more expensive and time-consuming than the more traditional Tier 1 ERA approach, it has the potential to lower the costs of remediation actions, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, reduce other environmental impacts, and minimise socio-economic losses. Furthermore, the remediation actions stemming from the Tier 3 ERA were predicted to exert far less negative ES effects than the actions proposed based on the results of the Tier 1 ERA.
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| 10. |
- Wiberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative and quantitative study of seven persons with balanced time perspective (BTP) according to S-ZTPI
- 2012
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Ingår i: 1st international conference on time perspective and research. - : ESPACOBRANCO. ; , s. 120-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The theoretical notion of balanced time perspective (BTP) has been suggested by a number of authors and some attempts to operationalize BTP (Boniwell, 2005; Drake, Duncan, Sutherland, Abernethy & Henry, 2008; Sircova & Mitina, 2008; Boniwell, Osin, Linley & Ivanchenko, 2010) has been done. The aim of the present study was to get a deeper understanding of the BTP-concept by studying seven BTP-persons with both interviews and self-rating scales (e.g. SCL-90, Life Events scale, Scales of Psychological Well-Being (C. Ryff) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (E.Diener) at two occasions. Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) (Carelli, Wiberg & Wiberg, 2011) was administered in order to study the stability and change in BTP-level. The results showed a great stability in the BTP-level (Wiberg, Sircova, Wiberg& Carelli, in press), although a small change was observed. The 14 interviews were analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The result shows a consciousness about the "now" among the participants and a synchronicity between the present and the past and also between the present and the future. The results give strength to a holistic present scale (Zimbardo & Boyd, 2008) and an "extended now".
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| 11. |
- Wiberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Balanced time perspective : developing empirical profile and exploring its stability over time
- 2017
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Ingår i: Time perspective. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137601902 - 9781137601919 ; , s. 63-95
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Balanced time perspective (BTP) is characterized by flexible switching between a person's past, present and future time orientations, depending on situational demands, personal resources, experiences, and social evaluations. The present study aimed to explore the psychological characteristics of people with a BTP profile and attain a deeper understanding of the BTP construct. Seven people with BTP profiles were investigated using in-depth interviews, self-report instruments, and a projective test. By testing the participants on two occasions within an 18-month interval, we investigated the stability of BTP. Analyses showed that participants were aware of the "now" and had a synchronicity between the present and the past, and also between the present and the future. Results indicated a degree of temporal stability in the BTP profile and that people's interpretations and interactions within the surrounding context of events influences their time perspectives.
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| 12. |
- Wiberg, Marie, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Operationalizing balanced time perspective in a Swedish sample
- 2012
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment. - : Time Taylor Academic Journals. - 2094-0734. ; 12:1, s. 95-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past research suggests that biases in temporal orientation may have systematic effects ongoal-directed behavior and that physical and mental well-being is associated with balanced time perspective (BTP, Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999). The aim of this study was to examine different operationalizations of the BTP, and to present an alternative proposal in which BTP is measured as a multidimensional, rather than a binary, construct. Two versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) were administered to a sample of 502 individuals. The proposed operationalization shows important advantages in terms of ecological validity of the multidimensional definition, sample independency and possibility to adjust for country differences. Our proposal may also have practical implications both for individuals and groups, e.g. in working teams, psychological counseling, psychotherapy and when recruiting personal forleading positions.
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| 13. |
- Åström, Elisabeth, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into features of anxiety through multiple aspects of psychological time
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Integrative Psychology and Therapeutics. - : Herbert Publications Ltd. - 2054-4723. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well-recognized that emotions and emotional disorders may alter the experience of time. Yet relatively little is known about different aspects of psychological time in relation to anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to explore several aspects of temporal processing, including time perspective, prospective and retrospective time estimation, in persons with anxiety symptoms.Methods: A total of 110 individuals with varying degrees of anxiety participated in two studies. They were assigned to two groups (anxiety–control) based on their scores on anxiety measurements. Participants also completed an inventory of time perspective and several time estimation tasks which were analyzed on a group-level. Depressive symptoms were assessed and used as a covariate in the second study.Results: Anxiety was significantly associated with Past Negative and Future Negative time perspectives as measured by the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), even when controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms. No other significant differences were found.Conclusion: Exploring time perspective in persons with anxious symptoms may provide important insights into features of anxiety. These findings may offer new ways of conceptualizing anxiety and provide suggestions for treatment strategies.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Science and policy on endocrine disrupters must not be mixed : a reply to a "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1476-069X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.
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| 16. |
- Bolin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Preeclampsia by Combining Serum Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Uterine Artery Doppler
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 25:12, s. 1305-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPreeclampsia is associated with both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a protein interacting with angiogenesis, coagulation, and inflammatory responses, processes known to be altered in preeclamptic pregnancies. Significantly lower levels of HRG have been demonstrated as early as in the first trimester in women later developing preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography can be used as a predictor of preeclampsia.MethodsA total of 175 women were randomly selected from a case-control study; 86 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy and 89 women later developed preeclampsia. Blood samples and pulsatility index (PI) were obtained from both cases and controls in gestational week 14.ResultsHRG levels were significantly lower in women who developed preterm preeclampsia compared with controls, but not for women developing preeclampsia in general. PI was significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with controls, especially in preterm preeclampsia. The combination of HRG and PI revealed a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 62% for preterm preeclampsia.ConclusionsThe combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler may predict preterm preeclampsia in early pregnancy.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brante, Göran, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Svårt för SD:are att jobba i skolan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :27 september
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 19. |
- Brohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Aging effect on neurotrophic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:9, s. e45052-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical efficacy of stem cells for nerve repair is likely to be influenced by issues including donor age and in vitro expansion time. We isolated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow of young (16–18 years) and old (67–75 years) donors and analyzed their capacity to differentiate and promote neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Treatment of MSC with growth factors (forskolin, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor-AA and glial growth factor-2) induced protein expression of the glial cell marker S100 in cultures from young but not old donors. MSC expressed various neurotrophic factor mRNA transcripts. Growth factor treatment enhanced the levels of BDNF and VEGF transcripts with corresponding increases in protein release in both donor cell groups. MSC in co-culture with DRG neurons significantly enhanced total neurite length which, in the case of young but not old donors, was further potentiated by treatment of the MSC with the growth factors. Stem cells from young donors maintained their proliferation rate over a time course of 9 weeks whereas those from the old donors showed increased population doubling times. MSC from young donors, differentiated with growth factors after long-term culture, maintained their ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of DRG. Therefore, MSC isolated from young donors are likely to be a favourable cell source for nerve repair.
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| 20. |
- Brohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of human mesenchymal stem cells following differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neuroscience research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-0102 .- 1872-8111. ; 64:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-based therapies provide a clinically applicable and available alternative to nerve autografts. Our previous studies have characterised rat-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and here we have investigated the phenotypic, molecular and functional characteristics of human-derived MSC (hMSC) differentiated along a Schwann cell lineage. The hMSC were isolated from healthy human donors and the identity of the undifferentiated hMSC was confirmed by the detection of MSC specific cells surface markers. The hMSC were differentiated along a glial cell lineage using an established cocktail of growth factors including glial growth factor-2. Following differentiation, the hMSC expressed the key Schwann cell (SC) markers at both the transcriptional and translational level. More importantly, we show the functional effect of hMSC on neurite outgrowth using an in vitro co-culture model system with rat-derived primary sensory neurons. The number of DRG sprouting neurites was significantly enhanced in the presence of differentiated hMSC; neurite length and density (branching) were also increased. These results provide evidence that hMSC can undergo molecular, morphological and functional changes to adopt a SC-like behaviour and, therefore, could be suitable as SC substitutes for nerve repair in clinical applications.
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| 21. |
- Brohlin, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a defined xeno-free medium on the growth and neurotrophic and angiogenic properties of human adult stem cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cytotherapy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1465-3249 .- 1477-2566. ; 19:5, s. 629-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The growth properties and neurotrophic and angiogenic effects of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) cultured in a defined xeno-free, serum-free medium (MesenCult-XF) were investigated. Methods. Human MSCs from adipose tissue (ASCs) and bone marrow (BMSCs) were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium-alpha (alpha-MEM) containing fetal calf serum or in MesenCult-XF. Proliferation was measured over 10 passages and the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) surface markers were determined. Neurite outgrowth and angiogenic activity of the MSCs were determined. Results. At early passage, both ASCs and BMSCs showed better proliferation in MesenCult-XF compared with standard a-MEM containing serum. However, CFUs were significantly lower in MesenCult-XF. ASCs cultured in MesenCult-XF continued to expand at faster rates than cells grown in serum. BMSCs showed morphological changes at late passage in MesenCult-XF and stained positive for senescence beta-galactosidase activity. Expression levels of CD73 and CD90 were similar in both cell types under the various culture conditions but CD105 was significantly reduced at passage 10 in MesenCult-XF. In vitro stimulation of the cells enhanced the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-1. Stimulated ASCs grown in MesenCult-XF evoked the longest neurite outgrowth in a neuron co-culture model. Stimulated BMSCs grown in MesenCult-XF produced the most extensive network of capillary-like tube structures in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. Conclusions. ASCs and BMSCs exhibit high levels of neurotrophic and angiogenic activity when grown in the defined serum free medium indicating their suitability for treatment of various neurological conditions. However, long-term expansion in MesenCult-XF might be restricted to ASCs.
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| 22. |
- Brohlin, Maria
(författare)
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Mesenchymal stem cells for repair of the peripheral and central nervous system
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to provide neuroprotection after transplantation into the injured nervous system. The present thesis investigates whether adult human and rat MSC differentiated along a Schwann cell lineage could increase their expression of neurotrophic factors and promote regeneration after transplantation into the injured peripheral nerve and spinal cord. Human and rat mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC and rMSC) expressed characteristic stem cell surface markers, mRNA transcripts for different neurotrophic factors and demonstrated multi-lineage differentiation potential. Following treatment with a cocktail of growth factors, the hMSC and rMSC expressed typical Schwann cells markers at both the transcriptional and translational level and significantly increased production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Age and time in culture are of relevance for clinical settings and growth-promoting effects of hMSC from young donors (16-18 years) and old donors (67-75 years) were compared. Undifferentiated hMSC from both young and old donors increased total neurite length of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Differentiation of hMSC from the young donors, but not the eldery donors, further enhanced the neurite outgrowth. Undifferentiated hMSC were cultured for eleven weeks in order to examine the effect of in vitro expansion time on neurite outgrowth. hMSC from the young donors maintained their proliferation rate and their ability to enhance neurite outgrowth from DRG neurons. Using a sciatic nerve injury model, a 10mm gap was bridged with either an empty tubular fibrin glue conduit, or conduits containing hMSC, with and without cyclosporine treatment. Cells were labeled with PKH26 prior to transplantation. At 3 weeks after injury the conduits with cells and immunosuppression increased regeneration compared with an empty conduit. PKH26 labeled human cells survived in the rat model and the inflammatory reaction could be suppressed by cyclosporine. After cervical C4 hemisection, BrdU/GFP-labeled rMSC were injected into the lateral funiculus rostral and caudal to the spinal cord lesion site. Spinal cords were analyzed 2-8 weeks after transplantation. Transplanted MSC remained at the injection sites and in the trauma zone for several weeks and were often associated with numerous neurofilament-positive axons. Transplanted rMSC induced up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in spinal cord tissue rostral to the injury site, but did not affect expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Although rMSC provided neuroprotection for rubrospinal neurons and significantly attenuated astroglial and microglial reaction, cell transplantation caused aberrant sprouting of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunostained sensory axons in the dorsal horn. In summary these results demonstrate that both rat and human MSC can be differentiated towards the glial cell lineage, and show functional characteristics similar to Schwann cells. hMSC from the young donors represent a more favorable source for neurotransplantation since they maintain proliferation rate and preserve their growth-promoting effects in long-term cultures. The data also suggest that differentiated MSC increase expression of neurotrophic factors and support regeneration after peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.
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| 23. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
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Broadening the TP Profile : Future Negative Time Perspective
- 2015. - 1
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Ingår i: Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783319073675 ; , s. 87-97
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of the future as an arena for planning, self-regulation and achievement has been of considerable interest in past research. The majority of this research suggests that future-oriented thinking has considerable benefits for psychological adjustment and wellbeing. The future is nevertheless not only a temporal space for goal-setting and positive expectations, it may also be associated with fear, uncertainty and anxiety, which may ultimately have detrimental effects on both mental and physical health. Here we present the outline for the Swedish ZTPI (S-ZTPI) which extends the original ZTPI by separating the Future dimension into two sub-factors: The Future Positive scale and the Future Negative scale. We argue that separating the future into two separate dimensions thus comprehending both a positive and a negative valence of the future, adds important information regarding association between future time perspective and subjective well-being.
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| 24. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Time out of mind : temporal perspective in adults with ADHD
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 16:6, s. 460-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: ADHD is often associated with difficulties in planning and time management. In this study, the authors examined the hypothesis that these functional problems in ADHD reflect systematic biases in temporal orientation.Method: To test this hypothesis, adults with ADHD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 60) completed the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI).Results: Although a majority of the ADHD participants were tested under stimulant medication, they showed significant differences in all the six subscales of the S-ZTPI. Logistic regression analysis, with age, education, depression, and response inhibition as covariates, showed that the Future Positive Scale was the primary predictor of ADHD status.Conclusion: These findings suggest that ADHD is associated with systematic biases in habitual time orientation and that these differences may contribute to functional problems in ADHD.
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| 25. |
- Carlson, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Samarbetsmöjligheter kring och kvalitetssäkring av e-lärande
- 2018
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Ingår i: Om samverkan, mångfald och mellanmänskliga möten : Proceedings från Lunds Universitets Pedagogiska Utvecklingskonferens 2017 - Proceedings från Lunds Universitets Pedagogiska Utvecklingskonferens 2017. - 9789188473974 ; , s. 48-54
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Ceynowa, Dylan J., et al.
(författare)
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Morning Glory Disc Anomaly in childhood - a population-based study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:7, s. 626-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To report prevalence, ocular characteristics and coexisting neurological, behavioural, somatic and neuroradiological abnormalities in children and adolescents with morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA).Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, 12 patients with MGDA, aged 2-20years, were identified. All 12 agreed to ophthalmological assessments including visual functions, refraction, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ocular motor score (OMS). Neurological examinations and behavioural/developmental screening were carried out. Data from previous or new neuroradiological investigations were collected.Results: The prevalence of MGDA was 2.6/100000. MGDA was unilateral in 11/12 patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the MGDA eye ranging from hand motion to 0.65 (median 0.06). Severe microphthalmus prevented unilaterality to be determined in one adolescent. All patients had a binocular BCVA of 0.5. OMS showed abnormalities in pupil response, vestibulo-ocular reflex, stereo visual acuity, strabismus and convergence. OCT revealed peripapillary or macular oedema in 5/8 patients and foveal aplasia in 3/8 patients. Three patients had extensive capillary hemangiomas, of which one had PHACES syndrome and one had additional cerebrovascular anomalies and corpus callosum agenesis. Neuroradiology showed craniovascular anomalies in two patients. Neurology was mostly normal. Behavioural/developmental screening showed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in one patient.Conclusions: The prevalence data, previously not reported, of morning glory disc anomaly was 2.6/100 000. Coexisting retinal peripapillary or macular oedema was common, as were cerebral abnormalities and/or cutaneous vascular malformations. The associated findings may not be discovered through routine ophthalmological examination why OCT and neuroimaging are called for.
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| 27. |
- Dahl, S., et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiency in both unilateral and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:9, s. 1677-1685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This study examined the prevalence of neurological impairment and pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) in patients with unilateral and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Methods A population-based cross-sectional cohort study of 65 patients (51% female) with ONH was conducted in Stockholm. Of these were 35 bilateral and 30 unilateral. The patients were below 20 years of age, living in Stockholm in December 2009 and found through database searching. The median age at the analysis of the results in January 2018 was 16.1 years (range 8.1-27.5 years). Neurological assessments and blood sampling were conducted, neuroradiology was reviewed and growth curves were analysed. Diagnoses of PHDs were based on clinical and biochemical evidence of hormone deficiency. Results Neurological impairments were identified in 47% of the patients and impairments in gross and fine motor function were more prevalent in bilateral ONH (p < 0.001). In addition, 9% had cerebral palsy and 14% had epilepsy. The prevalence of PHD was 29 and 19% had multiple PHD. Conclusion Children with ONH had a high risk of neurological impairment, especially in bilateral disease. Both unilateral and bilateral ONH signified an increased prevalence of PHD and all these children should be endocrinologically followed up until completed puberty.
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| 28. |
- Ek, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Decline in executive functions and speed in suspected low-grade gliomas : A 3-year follow-up of a clinical cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2327-9095 .- 2327-9109. ; 25:4, s. 376-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes over time in information processing speed and executive functions (EFs) were studied in patients with suspected low-grade gliomas (LGG) 3 years after diagnosis. Using a person-oriented approach, the study aimed at focusing solely on two cognitive domains known to be significant in the understanding of the impact of white matter diseases. The Barkley’s hybrid model of EFs was used as a theoretical framework for the evaluation of EFs. The majority of the patients showed a decline in at least one of these two cognitive domains indicating that the progress of diffuse brain injury cannot be neglected in understanding neuropsychological changes over time in patients with LGG. In our sample, higher age and radiological signs of radiotherapy-induced brain atrophy were seen in patients with a decline in both domains.
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| 29. |
- Ek, Lena, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Early cognitive impairment in a subset of patients with presumed low-grade glioma
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurocase. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-4794 .- 1465-3656. ; 16:6, s. 503-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the presence of cognitive impairment, in adults with presumed low-grade glioma at early stage of disease prior to major treatments, in relation to neurological symptoms and radiological characteristics of the tumour. Sixteen patients were evaluated. A subset of patients was identified with clearly impaired cognition. Patients with cognitive impairment often had large tumours in the left frontal lobe, were relatively young, and most of them were males. We conclude that cognitive dysfunction may be present already at early stage of disease, and that early identification of patients at risk is warranted.
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| 30. |
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Ett bibliotek i takt med tiden : Linköpings universitetsbibliotek under 50 år
- 2022
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Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- Utställningen Ett bibliotek i takt med tiden: Linköpings universitetsbibliotek under 50 år skildrade bibliotekets historia och biblioteksteknikens utveckling från 1970-talet till idag.Utställningen fokuserade på olika teman som varit signifikativa för Linköpings universitetsbibliotek, som etablerades 1969 som Linköpings högskolas bibliotek. Dessa teman var den så kallade Linköpingsmodellen och dess kvartersbibliotek, försöksverksamheten med bibliotekssystemet Libris i början av 1970-talet, de första databaserna för att söka vetenskapliga publikationer, högskolereformen 1977 och dess betydelse för universitetsbiblioteket, tillkomsten av Hälsouniversitetets bibliotek 1986, datoriseringen under 1980-talet, användarundervisningens utveckling, tillkomsten av det elektroniska förlaget LiU E-Press 1996, skapande av Campus Norrköpings bibliotek 1998, den tilltagande digitaliseringen under 2000-talet, bibliometrins ökande betydelse samt utvecklingen under 2010-talet med bland annat byte av klassifikationssystem, flyttar och sammanslagningar av bibliotek.
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| 31. |
- Fahnehjelm, Kristina Teär, et al.
(författare)
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Visual function, ocular motility and ocular characteristics in patients with mitochondrial complex I deficiency
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 90:1, s. 32-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Purpose: The aims of the present study were to investigate visual function, ocular motility and ocular characteristics in children and young adults with complex I deficiency. Material and Methods: In a prospective study with longitudinal follow-up, the visual and ocular outcome in 13 patients with deficiency in complex I [nicotine-amide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase] in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is presented. The patients were diagnosed during 1995-2007 and assessed during 1997-2009 at a median age of 12.8 years (range 3.1-23.4). Results: Twelve of 13 patients had visual impairment and/or ocular pathology. Four of 10 patients who co-operated in visual assessment had a best corrected decimal visual acuity of A mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Only one patient had normal visual acuity and ocular outcome including refraction and visual fields. Follow-up time was median 3.0 years (range 0-11). Conclusion: Visual impairment, ocular motility problems and OA are common in children and young adults with complex I deficiency and should prompt the paediatric ophthalmologist to consider mitochondrial disorders.
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| 32. |
- Forsberg, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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The Shepherds' Tale : A Genome-Wide Study across 9 Dog Breeds Implicates Two Loci in the Regulation of Fructosamine Serum Concentration in Belgian Shepherds
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem in both dogs and humans. Certain dog breeds show high prevalence of the disease, whereas other breeds are at low risk. Fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are two major biomarkers of glycaemia, where serum concentrations reflect glucose turnover over the past few weeks to months. In this study, we searched for genetic factors influencing variation in serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs using data from nine dog breeds. Considering all breeds together, we did not find any genome-wide significant associations to fructosamine serum concentration. However, by performing breed-specific analyses we revealed an association on chromosome 3 (rho(corrected) approximate to 1:68 x 10(-6)) in Belgian shepherd dogs of the Malinois subtype. The associated region and its close neighbourhood harbours interesting candidate genes such as LETM1 and GAPDH that are important in glucose metabolism and have previously been implicated in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. To further explore the genetics of this breed specificity, we screened the genome for reduced heterozygosity stretches private to the Belgian shepherd breed. This revealed a region with reduced heterozygosity that shows a statistically significant interaction (rho = 0.025) with the association region on chromosome 3. This region also harbours some interesting candidate genes and regulatory regions but the exact mechanisms underlying the interaction are still unknown. Nevertheless, this finding provides a plausible explanation for breed-specific genetic effects for complex traits in dogs. Shepherd breeds are at low risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The findings in Belgian shepherds could be connected to a protective mechanism against the disease. Further insight into the regulation of glucose metabolism could improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods for diabetes mellitus.
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| 33. |
- Forslin, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Gadolinium Retention in the Brain: An MRI Relaxometry Study of Linear and Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 40:8, s. 1265-1273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain gadolinium retention is consistently reported for linear gadolinium-based contrast agents, while the results for macrocyclics are contradictory and potential clinical manifestations remain controversial. Furthermore, most previous studies are based on conventional T1-weighted MR imaging. We therefore aimed to quantitatively investigate longitudinal and transversal relaxation in the brain in relation to previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration and explore associations with disability in multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with MS and 21 healthy controls underwent longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate (R-1 and R-2) relaxometry. Patients were divided into linear, mixed, and macrocyclic groups based on previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration. Neuropsychological testing was performed in 53 patients. The dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus were manually segmented. Repeatability measures were also performed. RESULTS: The relaxometry was robust (2.0% scan-rescan difference) and detected higher R-1 (dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus) and R-2 (globus pallidus, caudate nucleus) in patients receiving linear gadolinium-based contrast agents compared with controls. The number of linear gadolinium-based contrast agent administrations was associated with higher R-1 and R-2 in all regions (except R-2 in the thalamus). No similar differences and associations were found for the macrocyclic group. Higher relaxation was associated with lower information-processing speed (dentate nucleus, thalamus) and verbal fluency (caudate nucleus, thalamus). No associations were found with physical disability or fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Previous linear, but not macrocyclic, gadolinium-based contrast agent administration is associated with higher relaxation rates in a dose-dependent manner. Higher relaxation in some regions is associated with cognitive impairment but not physical disability or fatigue in MS. The findings should be interpreted with care but encourage studies into gadolinium retention and cognition.
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| 34. |
- Hellberg, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Small Distal Muscles and Balance Predict Survival in End-Stage Renal Disease.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephron Clinical Practice. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2110. ; 126:3, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Survival for patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) has been shown to correlate to the level of physical activity and exercise capacity. We examined whether composite measures of functional status at the start of RRT predict survival. Methods: In this retrospective study, the same physiotherapist, using a standardized battery of tests for functional status, tested 134 patients at the start of RRT. Results: At the end of the observation period, 112 patients (84%) were still alive. Age (p < 0.0001), co-morbidity (p = 0.028), hand grip strength (right: p = 0.0065; left: p = 0.0039), standing heel rise (right: p = 0.011; left: p = 0.004) and functional reach (p = 0.015) were significant predictors of survival. After adjustment for sex, age and co-morbidity, hand grip strength left (p = 0.023) was a significant predictor of survival. Conclusion: Hand grip strength, standing heel rise and functional reach at the start of RRT seem to affect survival. A 50% reduction in hand grip strength left was associated with an almost 3-fold increase in mortality. Deterioration of function in small distal muscles and balance may be early signs of uraemic myopathy. A relatively simple and clinically feasible battery of tests can help detect patients at risk. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Howner, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Thinner cortex in the frontal lobes in mentally disordered offenders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927. ; 203:2-3, s. 126-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antisocial and violent behaviour have been associated with both structural and functional brain abnormalities in the frontal and the temporal lobes. The aim of the present study was to assess cortical thickness in offenders undergoing forensic psychiatric assessments, one group with psychopathy (PSY, n = 7) and one group with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 7) compared to each other as well as to a reference group consisting of healthy non-criminal subjects (RG, n = 12). A second aim was to assess correlation between scores on a psychopathy checklist (PCL-SV) and cortical thickness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surface-based cortical segmentation were used to calculate cortical thickness. Analyses used both regions of interest and statistical maps. When the two groups of offenders were compared, there were no differences in cortical thickness, but the PSY group had thinner cortex in the temporal lobes and in the whole right hemisphere compared to RG. There were no differences in cortical thickness between the ASD group and RG. Across subjects there was a negative correlation between PCL-SV scores and cortical thickness in the temporal lobes and the whole right hemisphere. The findings indicate that thinner cortex in the temporal lobes is present in psychopathic offenders and that these regions are important for the expression of psychopathy. However, whether thinner temporal cortex is a cause or a consequence of the antisocial behaviour is still unknown.
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| 37. |
- Jonasson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual harassment and patterns of symptoms and functional abilities in a psychiatric sample of adolescents
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 78:4, s. 290-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate how commonly adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety report having been subjected to sexual harassment, and to explore how symptoms and functional abilities differ between adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety who do report and those who do not report having been subjected to sexual harassment.METHODS: Swedish adolescent psychiatric outpatients with symptoms of depression or anxiety (n = 324; 66 boys and 258 girls, aged 12-19 years, M = 15.6, SD = 1.7) answered the PROMIS paediatric measures. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess differences between the respondents classified as 'Sexually harassed' and 'Not sexually harassed' based on these self-report questionnaires.RESULTS: About 60% of the adolescents reported having been subjected to sexual harassment, and reported higher levels of suicidal ideation, disturbed sleep, fatigue, anxiety, depression, anger, and pain interference, as well as lower functional ability in terms of school problems, alcohol consumption, and poor family relationships. Logistic regression analyses showed that the strongest associations were with suicidal ideation, disturbed sleep, anger, and alcohol consumption.CONCLUSIONS: About 60% of the adolescents in the studied psychiatric cohort reported having been subjected to sexual harassment. Reported experiences were high in all three subtypes, with the most reports on having been subjected to verbal harassment. Clinicians should ask about experiences of sexual harassment and give information about the consequences of sexual violence and treatment options. Alcohol consumption should be addressed and tested for. Structured assessment of suicidality should always be done.
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| 38. |
- Jonsson, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of pain in women randomly allocated to speculum or digital insertion of the Foley catheter for induction of labor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:9, s. 997-1004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe primary aim was to assess pain subjectively and objectively in women during insertion of a Foley catheter for induction of labor. A secondary aim was to assess pain during cervical ripening and to evaluate maternal satisfaction.DesignRandomized controlled trial. Setting. University hospital, Sweden. Population. Forty-two women undergoing induction of labor and cervical ripening with a Foley catheter.MethodsWomen were randomly allocated to digital (n=21) or to speculum (n=21) placement of a Foley catheter. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for subjective assessment of pain and, for objective measurements, a skin conductance algesimeter was used and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated (mu Ss). Maternal satisfaction was evaluated in a questionnaire. Main outcome measures. Pain sensation during placement of the Foley catheter.ResultsThere was a significant difference between groups in pain measurements during insertion of the Foley catheter. The speculum group had higher median pain scores than the digital group, VAS=5 vs. = 3 (p=0.03) and greater median AUC measurements: 1840 vs. 823 mu Ss (p=0.04). There was no difference in pain assessments during cervical ripening. Overall satisfaction scores were high and comparable between groups.ConclusionDigital placement of the Foley catheter is subjectively and objectively less painful compared to the use of a speculum. Digital placement should therefore be considered as an alternative in the management of these patients. Ripening of the cervix with the Foley catheter is well tolerated and the overall satisfaction rate among patients induced with this method is high.
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| 39. |
- Jutell, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between maternal and umbilical cord 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels over a range of values. A prospective observational study from the United Arab Emirates
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:4 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide vitamin D insufficiency is remarkably prevalent in both children and adults, including pregnant women. The total amount of the vitamin is best measured by 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is a measurement of total serum cholecalciferol 25 (OH)D3 and ergocalciferol 25(OH)D2. There is a known correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25(OH)D; however, whether specific maternal demographics or comorbidities influence the correlation remains uncertain. This prospective observational study was designed to study if maternal 25(OH)D levels, maternal age and BMI, amount of supplementation, mode of delivery, diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, or sunlight exposure had an impact on the correlation. Women were enrolled in the study at admission to the labor ward. If they agreed to participate, venous blood was directly collected and analyzed for 25(OH)D. The UCB was sampled after delivery from the unclamped cord and immediately analyzed for 25(OH)D. ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s correlation, and test of the differences between correlations using Fisher’s z-transformation with Bonferroni correction were used accordingly. Of the 298 women enrolled, blood from both the mother and umbilical cord was analyzed successfully for 25(OH)D in 235 cases. The crude correlation between maternal and UCB 25(OH)D was very strong over all values of 25(OH)D (r = 0.905, R2 = 0.821, p <0,001) and remained strong independently of maternal demographics or comorbidities (r ≥ 0.803, R2 ≥ 0.644, p <0.001). For women who delivered by caesarean section in second stage the correlation was strong (r ≥ 0.633, R2 ≥ 0.4, p <0.037). Test of differences between correlations showed significant stronger correlation in women with unknown 25(OH)D3 supplementation compared to women receiving 10.000 IU/week (p = 0.02) and 20.000IU/week (p = 0.01) and that the correlation was significantly stronger for women with a BMI of 25–29.9 compared to women with a BMI of <24.9 (p = 0.004) and 30–34.9 (p = 0.002). 213 (91%) women had lower 25(OH)D compared to the neonate, with a mean difference of -13.7nmol/L (SD = 15.6). In summary, the correlation between maternal and UCB 25(OH)D is very strong throughout low to high maternal levels of 25(OH)D with lower levels in maternal blood. Typical maternal demographics and comorbidities did not affect the transition.
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| 40. |
- Kristoffersen Wiberg, Maria
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging in breast diagnosis
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MRI of the breast has, since the introduction of gadolinium contrast agents, been increasingly used in breast investigations. MRI has been found to have a high sensitivity but a low specificity in cancer detection. The aim of this thesis was to study and establish the role of MRI in the clinical diagnosis of breast lesions. Which kind of lesions and which patients would benefit the most from MRI of the breast as an adjunct to other breast imaging modalities, and how should MRI be used in a clinical setting? In study I a comparison of the appearance of 27 lesions in two different T1-weighted 3D sequences regarding the contrast inherent in the sequences and following contrast enhancement was performed. Due to strong and widespread enhancement on the routine FLASH-sequence these lesions were examined with another T1-weighted sequence. The FLASH-sequence was found to have a high sensitivity, revealing contrast-enhancing areas, and therefore remains the first choice for routine examinations. The MPRAGE-sequence was found to increase the specificity by downgrading false positive lesions to true negatives. In study II the histological changes caused by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) that theoretically might affect the evaluation of breast lesions on semidynamic MRI was evaluated in 17 lesions. According to our result MRI can be performed irrespective of the time interval to a performed FNAB, as the evaluations were not impaired. In study III dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) was found to be a valuable adjunctive method to clinical examination, mammography and FNAB (triple diagnosis,TD) due to high sensitivity, but at the cost of a decreased specificity. This decrease was less pronounced in mammographically dense breasts, and hence these patients might benefit most from CE-MRI as an adjunctive investigation. In study IV lesion size at CE-MRI and mammography were compared to histopathological size. The size of a breast cancer is of importance in the choice of treatment, in particular when breast-conserving surgery is considered. CE-MRI and mammography were both good at measuring the size of detected invasive breast malignancies. The total sizes of malignant lesions were frequently underestimated by both methods. In study V the diagnostic accuracy of CE-MRI and scinti-mammography was compared, and the clinical value as an adjunct to mammography was evaluated. Dynamic CE-MRI and 99mTc-sestamibi scinti-mammography showed comparable diagnostic accuracy, but a better accuracy was found for the combination of CE-MRI and mammography when using ROC curves for evaluation. In lesions smaller than 10 mm in size 99mTc-sestamibi scinti-mammography was found to be less reliable due to the low spatial resolution. In conclusion, MRI is a useful tool in breast diagnosis, in particular due to its high sensitivity, the ability to exclude multifocality/multicentricity and accuracy in determining size and extent of a lesion. Due to the low specificity MRI is not to be recommended as a general screening tool, but as an adjunctive method in selected cases.
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| 41. |
- Kumar Kuna, Vijay, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of Nerve-Derived Hydrogels to Promote Axon Regeneration Is Influenced by the Method of Tissue Decellularization
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injuries to large peripheral nerves are often associated with tissue defects and require reconstruction using autologous nerve grafts, which have limited availability and result in donor site morbidity. Peripheral nerve-derived hydrogels could potentially supplement or even replace these grafts. In this study, three decellularization protocols based on the ionic detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate (P1) and sodium deoxycholate (P2), or the organic solvent tri-n-butyl phosphate (P3), were used to prepare hydrogels. All protocols resulted in significantly decreased amounts of genomic DNA, but the P2 hydrogel showed the best preservation of extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, and chemokines, and reduced levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In vitro P1 and P2 hydrogels supported Schwann cell viability, secretion of VEGF, and neurite outgrowth. Surgical repair of a 10 mm-long rat sciatic nerve gap was performed by implantation of tubular polycaprolactone conduits filled with hydrogels followed by analyses using diffusion tensor imaging and immunostaining for neuronal and glial markers. The results demonstrated that the P2 hydrogel considerably increased the number of axons and the distance of regeneration into the distal nerve stump. In summary, the method used to decellularize nerve tissue affects the efficacy of the resulting hydrogels to support regeneration after nerve injury.
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| 42. |
- Lauvrud, Anne Therese, 1975-
(författare)
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Optimizing stem cells for reconstructive surgery
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fat grafting has become an established method in plastic surgery for treating soft tissue defects. The results for survival of the fat being transplanted is unpredictable and supplementation of the graft with the Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) or cultures Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can enhance graft viability. The ASCs are a heterogenous group of cells with various cell membrane markers, and differing growth promoting and differentiation characteristics of the stem cells derived from the fat. It is of high importance when expanding cells prior to the transplantation of the cells into patients, that the culture conditions are well defined and ideally are xenofree, avoiding use of animal-derived products. Furthermore, the procedures must be safe and not increase risk for recurrence of cancer after reconstructive surgeries. This thesis explores the phenotypic properties of a selected population of ASCs, with a view to determining their suitability for transplantation into fat grafts. ASCs were isolated from SVF of human abdominal fat and CD146+ cells were selected using immunomagnetic beads. The proliferation, angiogenic and adipogenic properties were significantly higher in the CD146+ cells. Stem cells were also isolated from lipoaspirate obtained using two different liposuction methods. Waterjet lipoaspirates yielded the greatest number of CD146+ cells with high adipogenic potential and angiogenic activity. The cells could also be successfully isolated using a closed processing system. Cells were expanded in either foetal bovine serum, platelet lysate or a chemically defined xenofree (XV) medium. Cultures in XV medium proliferated the fastest, expressed the highest number of CD146+ cells, and showed the best adipogenic and angiogenic properties. To test possible ASCs interactions with cancer cells, co-cultures with MCF-7 breast cancer cells were established. Conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells but not their proliferation, and there was increased expression of Tenascin-C in these cultures. The research in this thesis work has shown more optimal ways to isolate and expand ASCs, potentially offering new therapeutic reconstructive treatment options for a variety of medical conditions.
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| 43. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery in bipolar depression with slowed movement.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 1539-736X. ; 201:10, s. 885-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that motor retardation in bipolar depression is mediated by disruption of the pre-executive stages of motor production. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity during motor imagery and motor execution to elucidate whether brain regions that mediate planning, preparation, and control of movement are activated differently in subjects with bipolar depression (n = 9) compared with healthy controls (n = 12). We found significant between-group differences. During motor imagery, the patients activated the posterior medial parietal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the premotor cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the frontal poles more than the controls did. Activation in the brain areas involved in motor selection, planning, and preparation was altered. In addition, limbic and prefrontal regions associated with self-reference and the default mode network were altered during motor imagery in bipolar depression with motor retardation.
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| 44. |
- Lundberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid reduces local inflammation and tissue perfusion in dense breast tissue in postmenopausal women
- 2024
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : BMC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose One major risk factor for breast cancer is high mammographic density. It has been estimated that dense breast tissue contributes to similar to 30% of all breast cancer. Prevention targeting dense breast tissue has the potential to improve breast cancer mortality and morbidity. Anti-estrogens, which may be associated with severe side-effects, can be used for prevention of breast cancer in women with high risk of the disease per se. However, no preventive therapy targeting dense breasts is currently available. Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer. Although the biological mechanisms involved in the increased risk of cancer in dense breasts is not yet fully understood, high mammographic density has been associated with increased inflammation. We investigated whether low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) affects local breast tissue inflammation and/or structural and dynamic changes in dense breasts. Methods Postmenopausal women with mammographic dense breasts on their regular mammography screen were identified. A total of 53 women were randomized to receive ASA 160 mg/day or no treatment for 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before and after 6 months for a sophisticated and continuous measure breast density by calculating lean tissue fraction (LTF). Additionally, dynamic quantifications including tissue perfusion were performed. Microdialysis for sampling of proteins in vivo from breasts and abdominal subcutaneous fat, as a measure of systemic effects, before and after 6 months were performed. A panel of 92 inflammatory proteins were quantified in the microdialysates using proximity extension assay. Results After correction for false discovery rate, 20 of the 92 inflammatory proteins were significantly decreased in breast tissue after ASA treatment, whereas no systemic effects were detected. In the no-treatment group, protein levels were unaffected. Breast density, measured by LTF on MRI, were unaffected in both groups. ASA significantly decreased the perfusion rate. The perfusion rate correlated positively with local breast tissue concentration of VEGF. Conclusions ASA may shape the local breast tissue microenvironment into an anti-tumorigenic state. Trials investigating the effects of low-dose ASA and risk of primary breast cancer among postmenopausal women with maintained high mammographic density are warranted.hic density are warranted.
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| 45. |
- Mantovani, Maria Cristina, 1974-
(författare)
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Schwann cells and mesenchymal stem cells as promoter of peripheral nerve regeneration
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The transplantation of primary Schwann cells (SC) has been shown to improve nerve regeneration. However, to monitor the survival of transplanted cells within the host, a stable labelling method is required. The in vitro characteristics of green fluorescent protein labelled SC (GFP SC) and their effects in an in vivo peripheral nerve injury model were investigated. The GFP-SC were readily visualised ex vivo and stimulated significantly better axonal regeneration compared to controls. Clinical use of autologous SC for the treatment of nerve injuries is of limited use due to difficulty in obtaining clinically useful numbers. However, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can trans-differentiate into SC like cells (dMSC). The in vitro and in vivo differentiation of MSC was explored, and the study extended to include the easily-accessible adipose stem cells (ASC). In vitro, glial growth factor stimulated MSC express S100, a SC marker, and its expression is maintained following in vivo transplantation. Similarly, untreated MSC transplanted in vivo also expressed S100, which indicates glial differentiation in response to local cytokines and growth factors. Using an in vitro model, comprising dMSC or dASC co-cultured with adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, the capacity of the dMSC and SC like differentiated ASC (dASC) to promote axon myelination was verified: both cell types expressed transcripts for protein zero, peripheral myelin protein-22 and myelin basic protein.The potential of stem cells in nerve repair may be limited by innate cellular senescence or donor age affecting cell functionality thus it was essential to determine the effects of donor age on morphology and functionality of stem cells. The proliferation rates, expression of senescence markers (p38 and p53) and the stimulation of neurite outgrowth from DRG neurons by stem cells isolated from neonatal, young or old rats were very similar. However, the distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria in dMSC and dASC from young and old rats were quite different, and seem to indicate physiological senescence of the aged cells. Given the wide-ranging influence of Notch signalling in cell differentiation, including the neural crest to a glial cell type switch, and self-renewal in mammals, its role in the differentiation of stem cells to SC was investigated. The mRNA for notch-1 and -2 receptors were expressed in the dASC, blockage of notch signaling did not affect the neurotrophic and myelination potential of dASC. In conclusion, these findings show that GFP labelling has no deleterious effect on SC survival and function. MSC and ASC differentiated into glial-type cells acquire SC morphology, and express characteristic SC markers, and the differentiation process was independent of the Notch signaling pathway. Also, following transplantation into a nerve gap injury dMSC improve regeneration. This study established that following co-culture with DRG neurons, dMSC and dASC were able to express peripheral myelin proteins. Also, the functional bioactivity of these cells is independent of the donor animal age. Finally, although the glial lineage differentiated aged cells characterized in this study expressed markers typical of senescence they retained the potential to support axon regeneration.
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| 46. |
- McGrath, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Fibrin conduit supplemented with human mesenchymal stem cells supports regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To address the need for the development of bioengineered replacement of a nerve graft for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries a novel two component fibrin glue conduit was combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and immunosupressive treatment with cyclosporine. MSC possess the advantage of lower donor site morbidity and easier expandability in vitro compared with Schwann cells. The effects of hMSC on axonal regeneration in the conduit and reaction of activated macrophages was investigated using sciatic nerve injury model. The experiments were performed on 20 female Fischer rats (8-10 weeks old). A 10mm gap in the sciatic nerve was created and repaired either with fibrin glue conduit containing diluted fibrin matrix or fibrin glue conduit containing fibrin matrix with hMSC at concentration of 80x106 cells per ml. Cells were labeled with PKH26 prior to transplantation. The animals were allowed to survive for 3 weeks and some groups were treated with daily injections of cyclosporine. After 3 weeks the conduits were harvested and the distance of regeneration and area occupied by regenerating axons together with ED1 staining of activated macrophages was measured. hMSC survived in the conduit and enhanced axonal regeneration only when transplantation was combined with cyclosporine treatment. Moreover, cyclosporine significantly reduced the ED1 macrophage reaction.
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| 47. |
- McGrath, Aleksandra M, et al.
(författare)
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Fibrin conduit supplemented with human mesenchymal stem cells and immunosuppressive treatment enhances regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 516:2, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the need for the development of bioengineered replacement of a nerve graft, a novel two component fibrin glue conduit was combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and immunosupressive treatment with cyclosporine A. The effects of MSC on axonal regeneration in the conduit and reaction of activated macrophages were investigated using sciatic nerve injury model. A 10mm gap in the sciatic nerve of a rat was created and repaired either with fibrin glue conduit containing diluted fibrin matrix or fibrin glue conduit containing fibrin matrix with MSC at concentration of 80×10(6)cells/ml. Cells were labeled with PKH26 prior to transplantation. The animals received daily injections of cyclosporine A. After 3 weeks the distance of regeneration and area occupied by regenerating axons and ED1 positives macrophages was measured. MSC survived in the conduit and enhanced axonal regeneration only when transplantation was combined with cyclosporine A treatment. Moreover, addition of cyclosporine A to the conduits with transplanted MSC significantly reduced the ED1 macrophage reaction.
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| 48. |
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Medborgarskap & digitalisering : en utställning om vardagslivets digitala utmaningar
- 2023
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Konstnärligt arbeteabstract
- Utställningen ”Medborgarskap & digitalisering” gestaltar i olika media de digitala utmaningar vi som medborgare möter i vardagen och har hämtat inspiration från forskning som bedrivs vid LiU av forskargruppen DINO. DINO - Digitalisering i nya offentligheter vid Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling (IEI) - studerar hur digitalisering av offentliga tjänster påverkar oss som samhällsmedborgare. Forskargruppen undersöker digitaliseringens effekter på det offentliga samtalet och hur offentliga tjänster görs tillgängliga på nya sätt. En viktig del av deras forskning är också att studera vilka som riskerar att hamna utanför och varför. I många fall blir folkbibliotek ett slags stödfunktion i vardagliga situationer när teknik inte fungerar eller inte är tillgänglig så att medborgare kan agera som aktiva aktörer i samhället. DINO:s studier av de frågor om digitala problem som besökare på biblioteken kommer med har visat att dessa problem påverkar människors möjligheter att agera som medborgare. Det kan till exempel handla om att hantera olika e-tjänster, såsom att boka en tid på vårdcentralen, att betala räkningar, att söka jobb, eller att hantera sitt busskort för att åka kollektivtrafik. Med utgångspunkt i denna forskning presenterar utställningen olika situationer och händelser kopplade till vardagens digitala utmaningar.
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