| 1. |
- Wuu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Correlates of pregnancy oestrogen, progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in the USA and China
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 11:3, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to examine perinatal correlates of oestradiol (E2), oestriol (E3), progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) among pregnant women in the USA and China. Three hundred and four Caucasian women in Boston and 335 Chinese women in Shanghai were studied. Levels of E2, E3, progesterone and SHBG were measured in maternal blood at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation, and correlated with maternal, gestational and perinatal characteristics. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy is inversely associated with E2 and SHBG, whereas E3 is inversely associated with height and progesterone is inversely associated with weight and BMI. A previous live birth is associated with lower E2 and SHBG in the index pregnancy. Total gestation duration is inversely associated with E2, E3 and progesterone, whereas weight gain during pregnancy is inversely associated with progesterone and SHBG. In the US, pregnancies with female fetuses are characterized by significantly reduced progesterone. Pregnancy hormones are associated with several maternal, gestational and neonatal characteristics.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic safety system based on sensor fusion
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. - 0956-5515 .- 1572-8145. ; 11:5, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machines in industry, including industrial robots, have in many cases dramatically reduced the man-made work and improved the work environment. New machines introduce, however, new risk factors. Traditionally machines are safeguarded by means that more or less rigidly separates the machines from the personnel. This works well in many traditional areas, i.e., where industrial robots are involved. There is however a risk that the safety system limits the valuable flexibility of the robot, which can be considered as a quality that tends to become even more valuable in the progress of programming possibilities and sensor technology. This article shows an example how a safety system can be designed to achieve increased flexibility in co-operation between human and production safety strategy. The proposed safety system is totally based on sensor information that monitors the working area, calculate the safety level and improve the system dynamically, e.g., reduce the robot capability in conjunction to the system safety level. The safety system gain information from the sensors and calculates a risk level which controls the robot speed, i.e., the speed is reduced to achieve a sufficiently low risk level. The sensor data is combined with fuzzy-based sensor fusion and fuzzy rules. The safety system is based on sensor information, hence it automatically adjusts to changes in the guarded area as long as the functionality of the sensors is maintained. Finally, we present a system implementation in an industrial robot application.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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A fusion toolbox for sensor data fusion in industrial recycling
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 51:1, s. 144-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information from different sensors can be fused in various ways. It is often difficult to choose the most suitable method for solving a fusion problem. In a measurement situation, the measured signal is often corrupted by disturbances (noise, etc.). It is, therefore, meaningless to compare crisp values without the corresponding uncertainty intervals. This paper describes a toolbox including nine different fusing methods. All methods are applied on training data, and the most suitable method is then used for solving the real fusion problem. In the example, fusion is performed on data for classification in an industrial recycling operation. The data is from different vision systems and an eddy current system. The fusion methods included in the toolbox are fuzzy logic with triangular and Gaussian shaped membership functions, fuzzy measures with triangular and Gaussian shapes, Bayes' statistics, artificial neural networks, multivariate analysis (PCA), a knowledge-based system, and a neuro-fuzzy system.
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
- Lipworth, L., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (Boston, USA) and in an area with a low incidence (Shanghai, China) of breast cancer
- 1999
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 79:1, s. 7-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Characteristics probably associated with the fetal hormonal milieu have recently been shown to increase (birth size indicators, prematurity, neonatal jaundice) or decrease (pregnancy toxaemia) breast cancer risk in the female offspring. However, it is unknown whether differences in pregnancy hormone levels may contribute to the marked geographical variation in breast cancer incidence. We have compared, in a highly standardized manner, pregnancy hormone levels in a population with high incidence and one with low incidence of breast cancer. Three hundred and four pregnant Caucasian women in Boston and 334 pregnant Chinese women in Shanghai were enrolled from March 1994 to October 1995. Levels of oestradiol, oestriol, prolactin, progesterone, human growth hormone, albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in maternal blood at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation and compared between the two study sites using non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Demographical, anthropometrical and pregnancy characteristics were ascertained through interview, and relevant variables concerning delivery and the newborn were abstracted from medical records and paediatric charts. During the first visit, median serum levels of all studied hormones were statistically significant, and in most instances substantially, higher among Chinese women, who have a low incidence of breast cancer, compared with American women, who have a high incidence of breast cancer. An analogous pattern was evident during the second visit, although the relative differences tended to be smaller. Further research is needed to identify lifestyle or other exogenous determinants of pregnancy hormone levels, as well as possible mechanisms by which they may influence carcinogenic processes in the breast and possibly other organs.
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| 13. |
- Ray, Jeremy, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of dental fear.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of dental research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1544-0591 .- 0022-0345. ; 89:3, s. 297-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to test a hypothesized genetic component (i.e., monozygotic being more similar compared with dizygotic twins) in dental fear/anxiety by comparing the probandwise concordance. We analyzed data based on a dichotomous measure of Dental Fear/Anxiety and a continuous measure of Dental Fear Intensity from over 2000 twins, collected when participants were 13-14 years old and once again three years later. The hypothesis was confirmed, but heritability of Dental Fear/Anxiety was estimated to be higher for girls (0.77 at time 1 and 0.55 at time 2) than for boys (0.14 and 0.0 at times 1 and 2, respectively). Heritability of Dental Fear Intensity, however, was similar for girls (0.30 and 0.40 at times 1 and 2, respectively) and boys (0.47, 0.44). Studies of the etiology of dental fear/anxiety should take genetic vulnerability into account and include molecular biology measures. Possible heritability differences between girls and boys need attention.
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| 15. |
- Werner, Helene, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Interventions for Poor Oral Health: A Systematic Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 95:5, s. 506-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the effectiveness of psychological interventions in adults and adolescents with poor oral health. The review follows the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The PICO format (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) was used to define eligible studies. The populations were adults or adolescents (13 y of age and independent of others) with poor oral health (defined as dental caries, periodontal disease, and/or peri-implantitis). The interventions were psychological and/or behavioral models and theories, in comparison with traditional oral health education/information. The primary outcomes were dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, and peri-implantitis. Secondary outcomes were dental plaque, oral health-related behavior, health-related quality of life, health beliefs and attitudes, self-perceived oral health, and complications/risks. The systematic literature search identified 846 articles in December 2013 and 378 articles in July 2015. In total, 11 articles on 9 randomized controlled trials were found to meet the inclusion criteria. These reported on adults with periodontal disease, and several used motivational interviewing (MI) as their mode of intervention. The CONSORT guidelines and the GRADE approach were used for study appraisal and rating of evidence. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences in gingivitis or plaque presence. In addition, a meta-analysis on MI compared with education/information found no statistically significant differences in gingivitis presence. Only 1 meta-analysison psychological interventions versus education/information regarding the plaque indexshowed a small but statistically significant difference. There were also statistically significant differences reported in favor of psychological interventions in oral health behavior and self-efficacy in toothbrushing. However, the clinical relevance of these differences is difficult to estimate. The certainty of evidence was low. Future research needs to address several methodological issues and not only study adults with periodontal disease but also adolescents and patients with dental caries and peri-implantitis.
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| 16. |
- Winquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Crispbread quality evaluation based on fusion of information from the sensor analogies to the human olfactory, auditory and tactile senses
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of food process engineering. - 0145-8876 .- 1745-4530. ; 22:5, s. 337-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Appreciation of food is based on the perception all five human senses, vision, tactile, auditory, taste and olfaction. Sensory integration of chewing resistance, melting properties, crisp sound etc. will give a further perception of the food, which is called the mouth feel. In this report, a model experiment performed on crispbread is described, which was based on information fusion from human sense analogies of olfaction, auditory and tactile. Five samples of crispbread with various hardness and flour composition were placed in a special "crush chamber". While crushed, information corresponding to three senses could be obtained - auditory by a microphone, tactile by a force sensor and smell by leading gases from the crushed material to a gas sensor array. To evaluate the information obtained, multivariate pattern recognition methods, i.e. principal component analysis and artificial neural nets were used to search for structure and correlation in the data. It was shown that by using only the auditory information, the samples could not be separated. The tactile information alone could separate three samples, and the smell information one sample. By combining all sense analogues, all five samples could be separated.
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| 17. |
- Witthayolankowit, Kuntawit, et al.
(författare)
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Valorization of beetle infected spruce to produce textile fibers and biofuels : Environmental sustainability evaluated by life cycle assessment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve a viable forest-based biorefinery, both the carbohydrate and lignin parts of the raw material should be valorized. While lignin-first approaches have successfully been applied to hardwoods, where up to 50% of the lignin -close to the 'theoretical maximum yield'- has been transformed to valuable monophenols; limited studies have targeted softwoods. Softwood lignin comprises lower amount of beta-ether bonds and this results in lower theoretical and observed yields of monophenols in reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF): below 5 wt% yield of initial biomass has been reported. In this study, we use beetle infected spruce, a softwood, as raw material. A fast fractionation was developed to give a pulp and a lignin fraction in the absence of transition metal catalysts. The carbohydrate matrix was valorized to dissolving grade pulp in 37 wt% from biomass (86% yield), and suc-cessfully spun to Lyocell fibers. The lignin fraction was dissolved in furfural -operating as green 'solubility-enhancing-agent'- to blend lignin in inert carrier liquids to promote controlled hydrotreatment to yield biofuels in 10 wt% (60% carbon yield) from initial biomass. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of the value-chain showed improved sustainability in several footprint categories compared to cotton production. Thus, upgrading of a considered forestry waste to high value textile fibers and biofuels has been achieved: in case of lignin beyond the 'theoretical maximum yield'. This is an important step to mitigate a future growing demand of textiles without negatively affecting irrigation or land use.
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| 18. |
- Witthayolankowit, Kuntawit, et al.
(författare)
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Valorization of Tops and Branches to Textile Fibers and Biofuel : Value Chain Explored Experimentally; Environmental Sustainability Evaluated by Life Cycle Assessment
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 12:1, s. 526-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To make biorefining more environmentally sustainable, preferably residues from forestry should be used and more than one fraction should be upgraded. A third of raw materials from forestry & horbar;tops and branches (T & B)― are either left in the forests or collected and incinerated to a low value. Herein, we apply a fast fractionation to valorize two of the fractions of this forestry residue. The cellulose is converted to textile fibers and all the lignin to hydrocarbons. The environmental sustainability of the novel value chain was studied by life cycle assessment (LCA), and benefits were found in four out of five impact categories. These are important steps to increase fiber production without affecting environmental impact, making biorefining competitive.
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| 19. |
- Xu, B., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and gestational correlates of pregnancy prolactin and growth hormone in USA and China
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 12:1, s. 35-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to determine correlates of prolactin and growth hormone levels among pregnant women in the USA and China. We studied 304 pregnant Caucasian and 335 pregnant Chinese women. Levels of prolactin and growth hormone were measured at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation, and correlated with maternal, gestational and perinatal characteristics. Both growth hormone and, to a lesser extent, prolactin were inversely associated with pregnancy weight and body mass index, history of a previous live birth and newborn size, whereas educated women had higher levels of both hormones. Growth hormone levels were lower in women who gained more weight, smoked and had nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, whereas prolactin increased with longer total gestation. We found robust associations between maternal and newborn characteristics on the one hand and prolactin and growth hormone during pregnancy on the other.
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| 20. |
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