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1.	Meinander, K., et al. (författare) Pseudopeptides with a centrally positioned alkene-based disulphide bridge mimetic stimulate kallikrein-related peptidase 3 activity 2013 Ingår i: Medchemcomm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-2503 .- 2040-2511. ; 4:3, s. 549-553 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pseudopeptides based on the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) activating bicyclic peptide “C-4” comprising hydrocarbon-based disulphide bridge mimetics have been synthesized. After investigating different synthetic approaches, the pseudopeptides were successfully cyclized from two L-allylglycine side chains via an alkene ring-closing metathesis reaction during the peptide synthesis. The alkene-linker was formed in a 1 : 1 E/Z isomer ratio. The resulting pseudopeptides were almost as potent as the parent peptide, increasing the activity of KLK3 over four-fold at 200 μg ml−1 (130–140 μM) concentrations.
2.	Cardell, K., et al. (författare) Nosocomial hepatitis C in a thoracic surgery unit : retrospective findings generating a prospective study 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 68:4, s. 322-328 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
3.	Dawson, George J., et al. (författare) Prevalence studies of GB virus-C infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 1996 Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - 1096-9071. ; 50:1, s. 97-103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Among the three recently described GB viruses (GBV-A, GBV-B, and GBV-C), only GBV-C has been linked to cryptogenic hepatitis in man. Because of the limited utility of currently available research tests to determine antibody response to GBV-C proteins, the prevalence of GBV-C RNA in human sera was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence of GBV-C is higher among volunteer blood donors with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (3.9%) than among volunteer blood donors with normal ALT levels (0.8%). Higher rates were also noted among commercial blood donors (12.9%) and intravenous drug users (16.0%). GBV-C was frequently detected in residents of West Africa, where the prevalence was > 10% in most age groups. Approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with either acute or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) were found to be positive for GBV-C RNA. In addition, GBV-C RNA sequences were detected in individuals diagnosed with non-A-E hepatitis, with clinical courses ranging from mild disease to fulminant hepatitis. Fourteen of sixteen subjects with or without clinically apparent hepatitis were positive for GBV-C RNA more than 1 year after the initial positive result.
4.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) GBV-C/HGV infection in hepatitis C virus-infected deferred Swedish blood donors. (vol 54, pg 74, 1998) 2000 Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY. - 0146-6615. ; 61:3, s. 409-409 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
5.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) Second-generation hepatitis C Elisa antibody tests confirmed by the four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay correlate well with hepatitis C viremia and chronic liver disease in Swedish blood donors 1993 Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 65:1, s. 32-37 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Seventy-three Swedish blood donors (52 men, 21 women; median age 36 years) repeatedly reactive for hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV C-100-3) were tested with a second-generation (2nd-gen) anti-HCV Elisa and a 4-band recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA 2). These results were correlated to serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT), liver morphology and viremia as detected by 'nested' polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on primers from a 5'-noncoding sequence of the HCV genome. Thirty-five of 46 (76%) donors with positive 2nd-gen Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA 2 were PCR positive whereof 27 had histological findings compatible with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 7 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Ten of 56 (18%) 2nd-gen Elisa-positive donors were RIBA 2 negative (or indeterminate) and none of these had chronic hepatitis nor were PCR positive. Seventeen of 73 (23%) donors were 1st-gen Elisa positive but 2nd-gen Elisa negative. All of these were PCR negative and only 1 (6%) had chronic hepatitis (CPH). An elevated S-ALAT level (reference < 0.7 mu kat/l) was found in 26 2nd-gen Elisa and RIBA 2-positive donors of which 18 had CPH and 7 had CAH and all 25 were PCR positive. A normal S-ALAT level was found in 9 of 34 (26%) donors with chronic hepatitis (all had CPH) and positive PCR. We have found that blood donors with positive 2nd-gen anti-HCV Elisa tests confirmed by RIBA-2 and especially with a concomitant elevated S-ALAT are highly likely to be viremic as demonstrated by PCR and to have chronic hepatitis.
6.	Allander, T, et al. (författare) Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies against different conformational epitopes of the E2 envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus that inhibit its interaction with CD81 2000 Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 81:10, s. 2451-2459 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The antibody response to the envelope proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may play an important role in controlling the infection. To allow molecular analyses of protective antibodies, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies to the E2 envelope glycoprotein of HCV from a combinatorial Fab library established from bone marrow of a chronically HCV-infected patient. Anti-E2 reactive clones were selected using recombinant E2 protein. The bone marrow donor carried HCV genotype 2b, and E2 used for selection was of genotype 1a. The antibody clones were expressed as Fab fragments in E. coli, and as Fab fragments and IgG1 in CHO cells. Seven different antibody clones were characterized, and shown to have high affinity for E2, genotype 1a. Three clones also had high affinity for E2 of genotype 1b. They all bind to conformation-dependent epitopes. Five clones compete for the same or overlapping binding sites, while two bind to one or two other epitopes of E2. Four clones corresponding to the different epitopes were tested as purified IgG1 for blocking the CD81-E2 interaction in vitro; all four were positive at 0.3-0.5 microg/ml. Thus, the present results suggest the existence of at least two conserved epitopes in E2 that mediate inhibition of the E2-CD81 interaction, of which one appeared immunodominant in this donor.
7.	Almroth, Gabriel, 1953-, et al. (författare) Detection and prevention of hepatitis C in a nephrology unit 1997 - 2002. Further follow up and description of a case with nosocimial transmission 2004 Ingår i: Kidney International 2004,2004. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
8.	Chernouss, S., et al. (författare) Project "Development of the Methodology of Experiment and Technical Support for Studies of the Flow Cyclotron Maser in the Earth's Magnetosphere by Creating an Artificial Ionization Cloud From a Geophysical Rocket" 2012 Ingår i: Óptica Pura y Aplicada. - 0030-3917 .- 2171-8814. ; 45:1, s. 45-49 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Investigation of the wave particle interaction in the magnetosphere and ionosphere by controllable experiment in near Earth space is in focus of modern space geophysics. We propose to stimulate auroral precipitation by changing parameters of the Flow Cyclotron Maser (FCM) and test the FCM model itself. One of the main goals of the project is inducing of artificial pulsating aurora.
9.	Ekström, Jens-Ola, et al. (författare) Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of a coxsackievirus B (CVB) clinical isolate that can be neutralized by CVB4 and CVB5 monospecific antisera 2003 Ingår i: Infection, genetics and evolution. ; 2, s. 218-219 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
10.	Fredlund, K.M, et al. (författare) NADH-ferricyanide reductases in plant membranes 1996 Ingår i: Plant Membrane Biology- Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe -38. ; , s. 143-151 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Gourdon, P., et al. (författare) Optimized in vitro and in vivo expression of proteorhodopsin: a seven-transmembrane proton pump 2008 Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - 1046-5928 .- 1096-0279. ; 58, s. 103-113 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
12.	Grander, D, et al. (författare) Factors influencing the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Studies on viral genotype and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the liver and peripheral blood cells 1996 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 31:6, s. 604-611 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: The mechanism behind the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood, and, furthermore, few factors have been shown to be good predictors of a favourable response to IFN treatment in chronic HCV infection. METHODS: Freshly explanted liver cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 80 patients with chronic HCV infection were used to study the capacity of IFN to induce the enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5'-AS) in vitro. The HCV genotype was determined in 53 patients. The induction of 2'5'-AS was correlated to the results of IFN-alpha treatment in 36 patients. RESULTS: Normalization of transaminases during IFN treatment was significantly associated with 2'5'-AS levels in liver cells cultured in the absence of IFN. A similar tendency, although not statistically significant, was found for IFN-induced levels of 2'5'-AS in liver cells. No such associations were found when PBMC were analysed. Six patients showed a sustained biochemical response. These six did not deviate significantly from the remaining patients with regard to base-line or IFN-induced levels of 2'5'-AS in liver cells or PBMC. Eradication of HCV RNA during IFN treatment did not correlate with 2'5'-AS levels in liver cells. Comparison of HCV genotype and clinical response showed that patients with genotype 3a had the most favourable outcome. No association was found between liver histology and treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: These data imply that direct effects of IFN on liver cells are of importance for the response to IFN treatment.
13.	Jerkeman, A., et al. (författare) Treatment for chronic hepatitis C in a cohort of opiate substitution therapy recipients in three Swedish cities - completion rates and efficacy 2014 Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0954-691X. ; 26:5, s. 523-531 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives Opiate substitution treatment (OST) programs could provide opportunities for management of comorbidities, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in people who inject drugs. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the real-life feasibility of interferon/ribavirin-based HCV treatment in OST recipients, with a special focus on psychiatric status and health-related quality of life. Patients from a cohort of OST recipients from three cities in Sweden were selected for HCV treatment on the basis of structured investigation for HCV-related liver disease. Therapy was delivered in collaboration between infectious disease and OST clinics, with monitoring for completion and adherence, treatment response, adverse events, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SF-36) and signs of depression (MADRS-S), or relapse into drug abuse. The primary endpoint was completion of prescribed treatment; the secondary endpoints were sustained virological response (SVR), adherence, and incidence of depression. Among 69 patients with an indication for antiviral therapy, 41 initiated treatment; 34/41 (83%) completed treatment and 19/41 (46%) achieved SVR. Adequate adherence was observed in 29/41 patients (71%). Two serious adverse events occurred, including one death because of liver failure. Baseline scores for self-assessed health were low, with a significant reduction during treatment. Seventy-one percent of patients (29/41) fulfilled the criteria for clinically significant depression at some time point during treatment. Baseline scores for HRQoL/MADRS-S were associated with treatment completion, SVR, and depression during treatment. Despite the low HRQoL and the high occurrence of depression, HCV treatment was feasible and showed satisfactory rates of completion in this cohort of unselected OST recipients.
14.	Love, A, et al. (författare) Hepatitis C virus genotypes among blood donors and their recipients in Iceland determined by the polymerase chain reaction 1995 Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 69:1, s. 18-22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Eight antibody-positive individuals were detected among 12,000 blood donations during the first year of screening blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in Iceland. All 8 were found to have a history of intravenous drug abuse. Six of these 8 individuals had previously donated blood to 27 patients who could be traced and examined for HCV infection. The great majority (23/27, 85%) of the recipients had demonstrable HCV antibodies. Furthermore, RNA analysis with the polymerase chain reaction showed that all patients with HCV antibodies had HCV RNA in their serum and in one hemodialysis patient without HCV antibodies viral RNA could be demonstrated. Genotyping of the HCV strains showed that the genotype of the donor was also identified in all but one of the infected recipients of his/her blood or blood products. This study, therefore, substantiates high infectivity of the HCV by blood or blood factor donation and shows that viremic HCV antibody-negative individuals exist.
15.	Lundin, Marika, et al. (författare) Topology of the membrane-associated hepatitis C virus protein NS4B. 2003 Ingår i: J Virol. - 0022-538X. ; 77:9, s. 5428-5438 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
16.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) GBV-C/HGV infection in hepatitis C virus-infected deferred Swedish blood donors 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 54:2, s. 75-79 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sera from 62 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Swedish blood donors were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting the 5'-noncoding region of the GB virus-C/hepatitis G (GBV-C/HGV) genome and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects antibodies to the envelope protein E2 of GBV-C/HGV (anti-E2). Fourteen (22%) and 21 (34%) of the 62 blood donors were found to be GBV-C/HGV RNA and anti-E2 positive, respectively. None of the blood donors was positive for both GBV-C/HGV RNA and anti-E2. Thus, 35 of 62 (56%) HCV-infected donors had been exposed to GBV-C/HGV infection. At sequencing of the 14 GBV-C/HGV isolates, 12 were identified as subtype 2a and 2 as subtype 2b. One of 7 (14%) donors with mild liver disease such as steatosis and nonspecific reactive hepatitis had been exposed to GBV-C/HGV vs. 34 of 55 (62%) with chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis (P = 0.04). All other differences in histology were small between HCV and dual HCV GBV-C/HGV-infected donors. In conclusion, more than half of HCV-infected Swedish blood donors in this study were positive for either GBV-C/HGV RNA or anti-E2. GBV-C/HGV viremia and seropositivity were mutually exclusive.
17.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) HCV genotypes in Swedish blood donors as correlated to epidemiology, liver disease and hepatitis C virus antibody profile 1995 Ingår i: Infection. - 1439-0973 .- 0300-8126. ; 23:5, s. 253-257 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sixty-two anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positive Swedish blood donors (44 men, 18 women; median age 34 years) were studied. HCV genotypes were correlated to parenteral risk factors, liver morphology, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels and HCV antibody profile. Forty percent of the donors were infected with HCV genotype 1a, 10% with 1b, 21% with 2b, and 29% with 3a. Intravenous drug use (IVDU) was more common in donors with genotype 3a than in those with genotype 1a (p = 0.024), and prior blood transfusion more common in genotype 2b than in 3a (p = 0.012). Chronic active hepatitis with and without cirrhosis was found in 38% of donors infected with genotype 2b as compared to 8% of donors infected with 1a (p = 0.034). Forty percent of donors with genotype 1a had normal ALAT at the time of liver biopsy versus 11% with genotype 3a (p = 0.046). Antibodies to C33c and C22-3 were present in nearly all donors whereas reactivity to C100-3 and 5-1-1 was detected more often in donors with genotypes 1a and 1b as compared to donors with genotypes 2b and 3a. In conclusion, genotype 3a was correlated to IVDU or tattooing as parenteral risk factors for the acquisition of HCV infection, and genotype 2b to prior blood transfusion. Donors with genotypes 1a seemed to have less severe liver disease than those infected with genotypes 2b and 3a.
18.	Alanko Blomé, M., et al. (författare) Vaccination against hepatitis B virus among people who inject drugs – A 20 year experience from a Swedish needle exchange program 2017 Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X. ; 35:1, s. 84-90 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at particular risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) acquisition, but often have poor access or adherence to HBV vaccination. Vaccination against HBV has been offered at a major Swedish needle exchange program (NEP) since 1994. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaccine completion and response rates, and the effect of sequential booster doses to non-responders to the standard vaccination schedule. Methods PWID enrolled in the NEP 1994–2013, without serological markers for HBV at baseline (negative for HBsAg/anti-HBc/anti-HBs), were offered a three-dose standard intramuscular vaccination schedule (Engerix®-B, GSK, 20 μg/mL, intended to be received at months 0, 1 and 6). Vaccination response was defined as protective levels of anti-HBs (⩾10 mIU/mL). Up to three booster doses were then offered for non-responders, each followed by anti-HBs testing. Results HBV data was available for 2352 identifiable individuals at NEP enrolment, of whom 1516 (64.5%) had no markers for previous HBV exposure or vaccination. Vaccination was initiated for 1142 (75.3%) individuals and 898 (59.2%) completed the standard vaccination schedule. Post-vaccination anti-HBs levels were available from 800 individuals, with 598 (74.8%) responding to the basic vaccination schedule. After up to three booster doses a total of 676 (84.5%) individuals achieved protective anti-HBs levels. Non-response to vaccination was associated with higher age and anti-HCV positivity (p < 0.001). Eighteen incident cases of HBV infection were observed among vaccine non-responders, as well as 30 cases among those who had not completed vaccination. Conclusion We demonstrate the feasibility of including HBV vaccination in the services offered by a NEP, with completion of vaccination in a majority of HBV-susceptible PWID. The response to HBV vaccination among PWID was relatively low; however, the addition of up to three booster doses improved the response rate from 74.8 to 84.5%.
19.	Björkman, Per, et al. (författare) A case-control study of transmission routes for GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in Swedish blood donors lacking markers for hepatitis C virus infection 2001 Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 1423-0410. ; 81:3, s. 148-153 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transmission routes for GB virus-C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) in blood donors unexposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown. We performed a case-control study of risk factors for GBV-C/HGV exposure in blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After testing stored sera from 458 HCV-negative blood donors for GBV-C/HGV RNA and GBV-C/HGV E2 antibodies, 66 donors with GBV-C/HGV markers and 125 age- and gender-matched controls were interviewed regarding risk factors for viral transmission. RESULTS: Exposure to GBV-C/HGV was strongly associated with previous treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-9.8), with multiple sexual partners (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-5.7) and with a past history of endoscopy (OR 7.0; 95% CI 3.0-16.4). CONCLUSIONS: In blood donors with GBV-C/HGV markers, sexual contacts and medical procedures appear to be the main transmission routes.
20.	Brändström, U., et al. (författare) Results from the intercalibration of optical low light calibration sources 2011 2012 Ingår i: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2193-0856 .- 2193-0864. ; 1:1, s. 43-51 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Following the 38th Annual European Meeting onAtmospheric Studies by Optical Methods in Siuntio in Finland,an intercalibration workshop for optical low light calibrationsources was held in Sodankyl¨a, Finland. The mainpurpose of this workshop was to provide a comparable scalefor absolute measurements of aurora and airglow. All sourcesbrought to the intercalibration workshop were compared tothe Fritz Peak reference source using the Lindau CalibrationPhotometer built by Wilhelm Barke and Hans Lauche in1984. The results were compared to several earlier intercalibrationworkshops. It was found that most sources were fairlystable over time, with errors in the range of 5–25 %. To furthervalidate the results, two sources were also intercalibratedat UNIS, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Preliminary analysis indicatesagreement with the intercalibration in Sodankyl¨a withinabout 15–25 %.
21.	Celsing, E, et al. (författare) Addition of etoposide to CHOP chemotherapy in untreated patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 1998 Ingår i: Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. - 0923-7534. ; 9:11, s. 1213-1217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
22.	Fredlund, K. M., et al. (författare) Comparison of the stereospecificity and immunoreactivity of NADH-ferricyanide reductases in plant membranes 1994 Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 106:3, s. 1103-1106 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
23.	Hammarstedt, Lilian, et al. (författare) Adrenal lesion frequency: A prospective, cross-sectional CT study in a defined region, including systematic re-evaluation. 2010 Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 51:10, s. 1149-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract incidentally detected adrenal lesions have become a growing clinical problem.
24.	Isaguliants, MG, et al. (författare) Antibody responses against B-cell epitopes of the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus in self-limiting and chronic human hepatitis C followed-up using consensus peptides 2002 Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 66:2, s. 204-217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A rare collection of serum samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection followed up from the onset of clinical symptoms was acquired. RNA corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein of HCV isolated from nine patients was reverse-transcribed, amplified, sequenced, and HVR1 amino acid sequences were deduced. These sequences and a selection of HVR1 amino acid sequences of matching HCV genotypes from protein and translated DNA sequence databanks were used to create the HVR1 amino acid consensus. The degenerated peptides mimicking N- and C-termini of the consensus were synthesized. Most (76%) of 17 patients followed up for the period from 1 week to a minimum of 7 months from the onset of acute symptoms developed antibodies reacting with peptides representing N- and/or C- termini of HVR1. Antibody recognition of the consensus HVR1 peptides indicates that the variability of HVR1 sequence on the protein level is limited with certain conserved structure(s) being untouched. A tendency was observed for a slower development of anti-HVR1 antibody response in patients developing chronic HCV, as compared to those with self-limiting HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 66.204-217,2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
25.	Jonsson, Nina (författare) Development of novel methods for studying Picornaviruses 2012 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Lanhede, B., et al. (författare) The Influence of Different Technique Factors on Image Quality for Chest Radiographs: Application of the Recent CEC Image Quality Criteria 2000 Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 1742-3406. ; 90:1-2, s. 203-206 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the first this work part of the EU-project, Trial I, was to evaluate and possibly improve the CEC image criteria for radiographic chest images. Chest images of healthy volunteers were acquired using different technique factors. The image criteria were used as a tool to discriminate between the different images. The technique factors were chosen so that the image quality would differ slightly. Four different technique parameters, each with two possible settings, used in clinical practice today, were used: tube voltage - 102 and 141 kV; screen/film speed - 160 and 320; maximum optical density in the parenchyma - 1.3 and 1.8; method for scatter reduction - air gap 30/390 and moving grid40/12. The results showed that the image criteria were able to separate between different technique groups. Some conclusions can be drawn from the results Optical density 1.8 was better than 1.3 independent of the other parameters. . Among the six combinations ranked best , four used tube voltage 141 kV and four used air gap technique for scatter reduction. No difference was seen for screen/film speed. No correlation was seen between the ranking of the systems and patient dose.
27.	Lanhede, B, et al. (författare) The influence of different technique factors on image quality of chest radiographs as evaluated by modified CEC image quality criteria. 2002 Ingår i: The British journal of radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 75:889, s. 38-49 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) research project "Predictivity and optimisation in medical radiation protection" addressed fundamental operational limitations in existing radiation protection mechanisms. The first part of the project aimed at investigating (1) whether the CEC image quality criteria could be used for optimization of a radiographic process and (2) whether significant differences in image quality based on these criteria could be detected in a controlled project with well known physical and technical parameters. In the present study, chest radiographs on film were produced using healthy volunteers. Four physical/technical parameters were varied in a carefully controlled manner: tube voltage (102 kVp and 141 kVp), nominal speed class (160 and 320), maximum film density (1.3 and 1.8) and method of scatter reduction (grid (R=12) and air gap). The air kerma at the entrance surface was measured for all patients and the risk-related dose H(Golem), based on calculated organ-equivalent dose conversion coefficients and the measured entrance air kerma values, was calculated. Image quality was evaluated by a group of European expert radiologists using a modified version of the CEC quality criteria. For the two density levels, density level 1.8 was significantly better than 1.3 but at the cost of a higher patient radiation exposure. The correlation between the number of fulfilled quality criteria and H(Golem) was generally poor. An air gap technique resulted in lower doses than scatter reduction with a grid but provided comparable image quality. The criteria can be used to highlight optimum radiographic technique in terms of image quality and patient dose, although not unambiguously. A recommendation for good radiographic technique based on a compromise between image quality and risk-related radiation dose to the patient is to use 141 kVp, an air gap, a screen-film system with speed 320 and an optical density of 1.8.
28.	Lindgren, JA, et al. (författare) Leukotriene C4 synthase in normal and leukemic myelopoiesis-enhanced enzyme activity due to altered expression in chronic myeloid leukemia. 1999 Ingår i: BLOOD. - 0006-4971. ; 94:10, s. 105A-105A Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Love, A, et al. (författare) Hepatitis G virus infections in Iceland 1999 Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1365-2893 .- 1352-0504. ; 6:3, s. 255-260 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study describes the prevalence of hepatitisG virus (HGV) in Iceland, in blood donors and in persons with parenteral risk factors. Among 370 randomly selected Icelandic blood donors, the prevalence of HGV viraemia was 3.8%, whereas the prevalence of HGV antibodies in the same donor group was found to be 13.2%, thus indicating that at least 17% of blood donors in Iceland had previously been exposed to HGV. Previous exposure was seen in all age groups and also in older blood donors. Among intravenous drug users (IVDUs), the prevalence of HGV was much higher. Among 109 hepatitisC virus (HCV) antibody-positive serum samples collected in the years 1992-1997, 33. 9% were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for HGV and 48.6% had HGV antibodies. Thus, the pattern of HGV in IVDUs was similar to findings among IVDUs in other western countries. HGV viraemia was detected neither in 10 patients with haemophilia nor in five dialysis patients. However, six of the 10 haemophilic patients and one of the five dialysis patients had HGV antibody. In conclusion, unlike hepatitis C, which seems to have been introduced into Iceland relatively recently and has remained virtually confined to IVDUs, exposure to HGV is common among all age groups in the general population, suggesting that the virus has been prevalent in Iceland for much longer, making additional routes of transmission probable.
30.	Love, A, et al. (författare) TT virus infections among blood donors in Iceland: prevalence, genotypes, and lack of relationship to serum ALT levels 2000 Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 1537-2995 .- 0041-1132. ; 40:3, s. 306-309 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: The TT virus (TTV) is a newly identified blood-borne virus. Its association with disease is still unknown, and screening of blood donors has not been implemented. Several genotypes of the TTV have been identified. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy healthy blood donors were randomly selected and tested for TTV by the PCR method. Sequencing of a part of the genome was performed to identify various genotypes of the virus. ALT levels were determined in both infected and uninfected individuals. RESULTS: The TT virus (TTV), was detected in the sera of 23 (6.2%) of 370 healthy Icelandic blood donors; this prevalence is lower than that reported in Japan but higher than that in Scotland. The virus was found in all groups over the age of 19. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 202 bp from open reading frame 1 demonstrated genotypes 1b and 2b 2c and genotype 4 isolates, with the latter bearing 89-percent nucleotide homology with other genotype 4 sequences deposited at GenBank. One sample showed a mixed genotype 1b/2c infection. Serum ALT levels were within normal limits in all infected individuals. CONCLUSION: The TTV carrier state does not cause significant liver injury.
31.	Mathiesen, U L, et al. (författare) Also with a restrictive transfusion policy, screening with second-generation anti-hepatitis C virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay would have reduced post-transfusion hepatitis C after open-heart surgery 1993 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 28:7, s. 581-584 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B (PTH-NANB) was prospectively assessed among open-heart surgery patients from the southeast region of Sweden before the introduction of antihepatitis C virus (HCV) blood donor screening. Blood samples for alanine aminotransferase analysis were drawn before and 2, 3, and 4 months after transfusion. Surgery was performed in four centres. Of 190 transfused and followed-up patients 2 (1.1%) contracted PTH-NANB, both operated on at the centre with significantly fewer transfusions than the other centres. One patient had antibodies to HCV detected by first-generation (C100-3) and later by second-generation anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-2) and by positive second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA). The other patient, although negative by first-generation anti-HCV ELISA, was positive by second-generation ELISA and by 4-RIBA. Both patients were hepatitis C-viremic by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the six donors implicated in the two hepatitis cases were first-generation anti-HCV-negative, but two, one for each patient, were positive by second-generation anti-HCV ELISA. This finding was confirmed by positive 4-RIBA in only 1 donor, the other being 'indeterminate'. However, in both donors hepatitis C viremia was found by PCR. This study shows that the second-generation anti-HCV ELISA will further reduce the risk for PTH-NANB/C and draws attention to the problem of evaluation of confirmatory tests.
32.	Mathiesen, U L, et al. (författare) Anti-hepatitis C virus screening will reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis C also in low-risk areas 1992 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 27:6, s. 443-448 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B (PTH-NANB) was prospectively assessed in two areas in the southeast region of Sweden. Patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were studied with blood sampling for alanine aminotransferase analysis before and at 2, 3, and 4 months after transfusion. Of the patients 97% and 82% were transfused and received a mean of 5.5 and 3.4 units in Linkoping and Oskarshamn, respectively. None of 38 patients in Oskarshamn but 4 of 144 patients (2.8%) in Linkoping contracted PTH-NANB. Two of these four patients developed antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the first-generation anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (C100). The other two patients remained negative by this test. HCV infection was, however, indicated in all four patients by positive second-generation anti-HCV ELISA confirmed by positive second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA). Three of the patients were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum from one blood donor to the four hepatitis patients (altogether three donors) was found positive by first- and second-generation anti-HCV ELISA and 4-RIBA and was also PCR-positive. Three other blood donors, who did not transmit hepatitis, were anti-HCV ELISA (C100)-positive. This study shows that if anti-HCV ELISA had been available at the start of the trial, all cases of PTH would have been avoided at the expense of only 0.7% transfusion units discarded. Routine anti-HCV ELISA testing of all transfusion units will reduce the incidence of PTH-C even in low-risk areas.
33.	McArdle, Conor, et al. (författare) Simulation of a distributed CORBA-based SCP 2000 Ingår i: Telecommunications and IT convergence : towards service evolution : proceedings (Lecture notes in computer science). - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 3540671528 ; 1774, s. 33-48 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper examines load balancing issues relating to a distributed CORBA-based Service Control Point. Two types of load balancing strategies are explored through simulation studies: (i) a novel ant-based load balancing algorithm, which has been devised specically for this type of system. This algorithm is compared to more traditional algorithms, (ii) a method for optimal distribution of the computational objects composing the service programs. This is based on mathematically minimising the expected communication ows between network nodes and message-level processing costs. The simulation model has been based on the recently adopted OMG IN/CORBA Interworking specication and the TINA Service Session computational object model.
34.	Moreno, TC, et al. (författare) Inverse correlation between Ink4-locus deletions and ICM-DNA hyperdiploidy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, relation to clinical characteristics and outcome 2000 Ingår i: European journal of haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441. ; 65:6, s. 390-398 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
35.	Møller, I.M, et al. (författare) Redox components in the plant plasma membrane 1988 Ingår i: Plasma membrane oxidoreductases in control of animal and plant growth. ; , s. 57-69 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
36.	Nyström-Rosander, Christina, et al. (författare) Kartläggning av Hepatit C på en hematologavdelning med sekvensering och genotypning av PCR positiva patienter 1995 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
37.	Ragnarsson, Oskar, 1971, et al. (författare) Body composition and bone mineral density in women with Cushing's syndrome in remission and the association with common genetic variants influencing glucocorticoid sensitivity. 2015 Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 1479-683X. ; 172:1, s. 1-10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adverse body compositional features and low bone mineral density (BMD) are the characteristic of patients with active Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and BMD in women with CS in long-term remission and the influence of polymorphisms in genes affecting glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity on these end-points.
38.	Saad, A, et al. (författare) Differential analysis of rat bone marrow by flow cytometry 2000 Ingår i: COMPARATIVE HAEMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7714 .- 1433-2973. ; 10:2, s. 97-101 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Selstam, Eva, 1945-, et al. (författare) A COMPARISON OF PROLAMELLAR BODIES FROM WHEAT, SCOTS PINE AND JEFFREY PINE - PIGMENT SPECTRA AND PROPERTIES OF PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1987 Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 70:2, s. 209-214 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
40.	Selstam, Eva, 1945-, et al. (författare) CHARACTERIZATION OF PROLAMELLAR BODIES, FROM DARK-GROWN SEEDLINGS OF SCOTS PINE, CONTAINING LIGHT-DEPENDENT AND NADPH-DEPENDENT PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1986 Ingår i: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 67:3, s. 345-352 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
41.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) Risk factor exposure among hepatitis C virus RNA positive Swedish blood donors--the role of parenteral and sexual transmission 1995 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 27:2, s. 99-104 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The potential modes of transmission for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were studied using a multivariate analysis of risk factor exposure among 51 2nd generation anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positive and matched anti-HCV negative blood donors. The following variables were found to be independently associated with anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positivity: intravenous drug use (IVDU) (p < 0.001), blood transfusion (p < 0.01), tattoos (p < 0.001), previous hospitalization (p < 0.05), history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) (p < 0.001) and lack of travels outside of Europe (p < 0.05). Among the 23 HCV-RNA positive donors without a history of IVDU or blood transfusion, an increased frequency of hospitalization (p = 0.017) and history of STD (p = 0.023) were found. Five of 22 sexual partners of the 51 index blood donors were HCV-RNA positive and in one of these couples sexual transmission was suspected. Anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positive donors were more often seropositive for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies than were HCV-negative controls (p = 0.015). Sexual transmission of HCV may occur, but the possible role of HSV-2 requires further investigation.
42.	Shev, S, et al. (författare) The importance of cofactors in the histologic progression of minimal and mild chronic hepatitis C 1997 Ingår i: Liver. - 0106-9543. ; 17:5, s. 215-223 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A follow-up liver biopsy was done 9-16 years (mean 12 years) after initial biopsy in 20 untreated Swedish patients infected with hepatitis C (8 men, 12 women; mean age 30 years at initial biopsy) in whom first biopsy had been classified as chronic persistent hepatitis. A significant progression of liver damage was found when using Histology Activity Index (HAI) scoring according to Knodell (p=0.006 for total HAI score; p=0.03 for grading, i.e., sum of HAI components 1, 2, and 3; p=0.01 for staging, i.e., HAI component 4, fibrosis). Fourteen of 20 (70%) patients had increased while 6 had decreased or unchanged HAI scores on follow-up biopsy. Occasional heavy alcohol drinkers (n=6) had an increased follow-up HAI score as compared with nondrinkers (p<0.05). Eight of 14 who deteriorated on follow-up versus 0 of 6 with improved or unchanged liver histology were anti-HBc positive (p=0.04). There was no significant correlation between HCV genotype and prognosis; however, the only two patients with liver cirrhosis on follow-up had genotype 1b. In conclusion, most patients with minimal or mild chronic hepatitis C in the present study had histologic progression on the latest biopsy. Cofactors such as alcohol abuse and exposure to hepatitis B may have a greater influence than HCV alone in determining the rate of deterioration of liver disease.
43.	Simmonds, P, et al. (författare) Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes 2005 Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3350 .- 0270-9139. ; 42:4, s. 962-973 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract International standardization and coordination of the nomenclature of variants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingly needed as more is discovered about the scale of HCV-related liver disease and important biological and antigenic differences that exist between variants. A group of scientists expert in the field of HCV genetic variability, and those involved in development of HCV sequence databases, the Hepatitis Virus Database (Japan), euHCVdb (France), and Los Alamos (United States), met to re-examine the status of HCV genotype nomenclature, resolve conflicting genotype or subtype names among described variants of HCV, and draw up revised criteria for the assignment of new genotypes as they are discovered in the future. A comprehensive listing of all currently classified variants of HCV incorporates a number of agreed genotype and subtype name reassignments to create consistency in nomenclature. The paper also contains consensus proposals for the classification of new variants into genotypes and subtypes, which recognizes and incorporates new knowledge of HCV genetic diversity and epidemiology. A proposal was made that HCV variants be classified into 6 genotypes (representing the 6 genetic groups defined by phylogenetic analysis). Subtype name assignment will be either confirmed or provisional, depending on the availability of complete or partial nucleotide sequence data, or remain unassigned where fewer than 3 examples of a new subtype have been described. In conclusion, these proposals provide the framework by which the HCV databases store and provide access to data on HCV, which will internationally coordinate the assignment-of-new genotypes and subtypes in the future.
44.	Tornhamre, S, et al. (författare) Inverse relationship between myeloid maturation and leukotriene C4 synthase expression in normal and leukemic myelopoiesis-consistent overexpression of the enzyme in myeloid cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia 2003 Ingår i: Experimental hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-472X. ; 31:2, s. 122-130 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
45.	Verbaan, Hans, et al. (författare) Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection and the interrelationship between primary Sjogren's syndrome and hepatitis C in Swedish patients 1999 Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 245:2, s. 127-132 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency of some extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in northern European patients, including a postulated association between HCV and primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Department of Medicine, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden. PATIENTS: Twenty-one patients with HCV infection and 53 with primary SS (according to the Copenhagen criteria). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cryoglobulins were analysed in all patients, while patients with primary SS were investigated with regard to markers of HCV infection, and HCV patients with objective tests of SS (Schirmer-1 test, break-up time, van Bijsterveld score, sialometry, labial salivary gland biopsy) and antibodies against nuclear antigens, smooth muscle (SMA) and mitochondria (AMA). HCV antigens in small salivary glands from lower lip biopsies were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Only one of the SS patients had detectable cryoprecipitates, while another was HCV-positive. None of the 21 HCV patients had cryoprecipitates. A total of 14/21 (67%) patients with HCV infection had at least one abnormal objective test suggestive of xerostomia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, while eight (38%) had objective evidence of both eye and salivary gland involvement. HCV antigens were not detected in affected glands. Only two patients had clinical symptoms of SS, and two fulfilled the Copenhagen criteria for SS. None of the HCV-positive patients had detectable antibodies against SS-A, SS-B, RNP, Jo-1, PCNA or Scl-70, and the frequency of ANA/SMA/AMA was low. CONCLUSIONS: While involvement of salivary and lacrimal glands was common in Swedish patients with HCV infection, cryoglobulinaemia was not observed. The pathogenetic mechanism responsible for glandular inflammation appears to be different from that in primary SS. HCV infection does not seem to be an aetiological factor for primary SS in this population. These observations suggest that viral, genetic or possibly environmental factors may be responsible for the reported high frequencies of systemic complications associated with chronic hepatitis C infection in southern Europe.
46.	Waldenström, Jesper, 1985, et al. (författare) Absence of interferon-lambda 4 enhances spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-3 infection 2021 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives Absence of a functional interferon-lambda 4 (IFN-lambda 4) gene (IFNL4) predicts spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in regions with a predominance of genotype 1, whereas variants of the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) gene (ITPA) entailing reduced activity associate with increased sustained virologic response rates following some therapeutic regimens. This study aimed at investigating the impact of IFNL4 on acute HCV genotype 2 or 3 infections, and whether ITPase activity influenced outcome. Materials and Methods Two hundred and seven people who injected drugs (PWID) with documented anti-HCV seroconversion, and 57 PWID with reinfection with HCV were analyzed regarding IFNL4 (rs368234815 and rs12979860) and ITPA (rs1127354 and rs7270101), and longitudinally followed regarding HCV RNA. Results The spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in anti-HCV seronegative PWID was enhanced when IFN-lambda 4 was absent (44% vs. 20% for IFNL4 TT/TTrs1368234815 and Delta G(rs1368234815) respectively, p < .001; OR 3.2) across genotypes 1-3. The proportion lacking IFN-lambda 4 was further increased following resolution of repeated re-exposure to HCV (74% among re-infected participants who had cleared at least two documented HCV infections). ITPA genetic variants did not independently impact on the outcome, but among males lacking IFN-lambda 4, reduced ITPase activity markedly augmented the likelihood of resolution (65% vs. 29% for <100% and 100% ITPase activity, p = .006). Conclusions Absence of IFN-lambda 4 entails an enhanced likelihood of spontaneous resolution both following primary acute infection and repeated re-exposure to HCV across genotypes 1-3. Among men lacking IFN-lambda 4, reduced ITPase activity improved outcome.
47.	Weiland, O, et al. (författare) Efficacy of human leucocyte alpha-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection 1995 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 27:5, s. 319-324 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A total of 42 Swedish patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were treated with a natural human leucocyte alpha-interferon (HuIFN-alpha-Le), Alfanative (BioNative AB, Umeå, Sweden) in an open uncontrolled study. Two patients were withdrawn from treatment within 2 weeks due to non-compliance and were omitted from further analysis, and 40 patients (17 females), mean age 39 years (range 24-71) completed the study. All patients were HCV RNA-positive in serum prior to treatment, with raised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels > 1.5 times the upper normal limit known for more than 6 months. Interferon was given at a dose of 3 MU t.i.w. for an intended 24 weeks and follow-up was a further 24 weeks after treatment. Biochemical non-responders were withdrawn from treatment within 12-16 weeks but continued follow-up. Overall 21/40 (52.5%) patients had a complete biochemical response with normal ALT levels at the end of treatment. Sustained response during follow-up was seen in 8 (20%) whereas 13 (32.5%) had a non-sustained response. At the end of treatment 23 (58%) patients had undetectable serum HCV RNA and 9 (23%) at follow-up. Patients with sustained, non-sustained and non-response had a mean pretreatment HCV RNA level of 3.2 x 10(5), 2.5 x 10(6) and 3.2 x 10(6) genomes/ml, respectively, differences that did not reach statistical significance. Of the patients 3, 9, 10 and 14 had genotype 1b, 3a, 1a, and 2b, respectively, and 4 had mixed genotypes. Of the 23 patients with genotype 2b or 3a, 7 had a sustained response vs. none of the 13 patients with genotype 1a or 1b (p = 0.03). No patients with cirrhosis had a sustained response whereas 4/18 with chronic persistent and 4/18 with chronic active hepatitis had such a response. It is concluded that some 50% of patients treated with HuIFN-alpha-Le responded with normalisation of ALT levels but that only 20% had a durable response 24 weeks post-treatment, and that patients with genotypes 3a or 2b seem to respond better than patients with other genotypes.
48.	Widell, Anders, et al. (författare) Epidemiologic and molecular investigation of outbreaks of hepatitis C virus infection on a pediatric oncology service 1999 Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819. ; 130:2, s. 130-134 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Despite screening of blood donors, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can occur in patients who receive multiple transfusions. OBJECTIVE: To clarify mechanisms of nosocomial transmission of HCV. DESIGN: Epidemiologic and molecular analyses of hepatitis C outbreaks. SETTING: Pediatric oncology ward. PATIENTS: Children with cancer. MEASUREMENTS: Epidemiologic analysis, HCV RNA detection, genotyping, and hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequencing. RESULTS: Ten cases of infection with acute HCV genotype 3a occurred between 1990 and 1993. Sequencing of HVR1 revealed three related strains. Despite an overhaul of hygiene procedures, a patient infected with genotype 1b generated nine subsequent infected patients in 1994. Several patients had high virus titers and strongly delayed anti-HCV antibody responses. All had permanent intravenous catheters. Multidose vials used for flushing or treatment had probably been contaminated during periods of overlapping treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of multidose vials was the most likely mode of HCV transmission; therefore, use of such vials should be restricted. Rigorous adherence to hygiene routines remains essential to preventing transmission of bloodborne infections.
49.	Widell, Gill, 1949, et al. (författare) Ett försök att utveckla en nedläggningsort 1983 Ingår i: Lokal mobilisering - om industriers kommunalpolitik och kommuners industripolitik. - : Doxa Ekonomi. Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
50.	WIDELL, S, et al. (författare) Peripheral blood neutrophil morphology reflects bone marrow dysplasia in myelodysplastic syndromes 1995 Ingår i: American journal of hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 49:2, s. 115-120 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)

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