| 2. |
- Milner, David S, et al.
(författare)
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A functional bacteria-derived restriction modification system in the mitochondrion of a heterotrophic protist
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1545-7885. ; 19:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overarching trend in mitochondrial genome evolution is functional streamlining coupled with gene loss; therefore, gene acquisition by mitochondria is considered to be exceedingly rare. Selfish elements in the form of self-splicing introns occur in many organellar genomes, but the wider diversity of selfish elements, and how they persist in the DNA of organelles, has not been explored. In the mitochondrial genome of a marine heterotrophic katablepharid protist, we identify a functional type II restriction modification (RM) system originating from a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event involving bacteria related to flavobacteria. This RM system consists of an HpaII-like endonuclease and a cognate cytosine methyltransferase (CM). We demonstrate that these proteins are functional by heterologous expression in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. These results suggest that a mitochondrial-encoded RM system can function as a toxin-antitoxin selfish element and that such elements could be co-opted by eukaryotic genomes to drive biased organellar inheritance.
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| 3. |
- Reis, F. J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Culture and musculoskeletal pain: strategies, challenges, and future directions to develop culturally sensitive physical therapy care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1413-3555. ; 26:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pain experience has a multidimensional nature. Assessment and treatment recom-mendations for pain conditions suggest clinicians use biopsychosocial approaches to treat pain and disability. The current pain research is overwhelmingly skewed towards the study of biologi-cal and psychological factors including interventions, whereas, cultural factors are often ignored.Objective: The aims of this Masterclass is threefold: (1) to discuss cultural influences on pain, (2) to provide strategies for delivering appropriate pain education and exercises in culturally diverse people with chronic pain, and (3) to present challenges and future directions to clinicians and researchers.Discussion: Cultural factors have a relevant influence on the way individuals experience and manage health and illness. Thus, people with different cultural experience perceive, respond, communicate and manage their pain in different ways. In this aspect, the contents of pain education should be presented using different culturally appropriate examples, metaphors, images, and delivery methods that may enhance the impact of the message. Efforts should be made to produce and spread culturally adapted evidence-based materials and resources. In addi-tion, a culturally sensitive approach may help to introduce patients to graded activities, so that they can apply these strategies in culturally acceptable and meaningful ways. Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of culturally-adapted interventions in pain-related out-comes in different pain conditions in patients with different cultural backgrounds.(c) 2022 Associacao Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Fisioterapia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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