| 1. |
- Johansson Wilén, Evelina, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Hbtq-personers upplevelser av bemötande inom hbtq-diplomerade vårdverksamheter i Västra Götalandsregionen
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med hbtq-diplomeringen är att säkerställa rätten till god arbetsmiljö och likvärdig vård för hbtq-personer. Vi har tagit del av upplevelser av diplomerade verksamheter genom intervjuer med hbtq-identifierade personer som har besökt en eller flera hbtq-diplomerade verksamheter, hbtq-identifierade personer som arbetar på en hbtq-diplomerad verksamhet samt personer – oavsett sexuell orientering och könsidentitet – som arbetar på en diplomerad verksamhet. Vi har använt de perspektiv och den kunskap som kommit fram i intervjuerna för att diskutera hur Västra Götalandsregionen kan stärka sitt arbete med att uppfylla de mänskliga rättigheterna. Merparten av intervjupersonerna är positiva till diplomeringen. Anställda beskriver hur diplomeringen har skapat en medvetenhet på arbetsplatsen och bidragit till att hbtq-frågor kan sättas på agendan. Hur väl en verksamhet kan fortsätta arbetet med normmedvetet bemötande efter diplomeringen beror på verksamhetens förutsättningar. Personalomsättning och brist på tid gör det svårare att upprätthålla kunskap och rutiner. De hbtq-identifierade anställda upplever att de får större ansvar för att implementera ett hbtq-perspektiv än sina kollegor. Några av de anställda uttrycker behov av mer konkret stöd och rådgivning i relation till sin specifika verksamhet. Patienterna beskriver exempel på vad de tycker är ett gott bemötande på hbtq-diplomerade verksamheter. Det kan handla om att personalen har ett öppet och neutralt språk som gör det möjligt att ha fokus på den rådgivning eller behandling som patienten sökt för. Patienterna ger även exempel på dåligt bemötande, där personalen till exempel har förutsatt att patienten lever i en heterosexuell relation. Några patienter lyfter även att de hade önskat att personalen hade mer allmänna sakkunskaper kopplade till hbtq-frågor och till exempel kunde ge stöd i att navigera inom hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Malaluang, Pongpreecha, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Equine Reproduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 11:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple SummaryBacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, resulting in the appearance of infections that are difficult or impossible to treat. This ability enables bacteria to survive in hostile environments and can result from exposure to even small amounts of antibiotic substances. Bacteria are present in the reproductive tract of the horse; they can develop resistance to antibiotics, because the animal has been treated for an infection, or due to insemination with a semen dose that contains antibiotics. Bacteria colonize the membrane lining the male reproductive tract and are transferred to the semen during collection. They can cause sperm quality to deteriorate during storage or may cause an infection in the mare. Therefore, antibiotics are added to the semen dose, according to legislation. However, these antibiotics may contribute to the development of resistance. Current recommendations are that antibiotics should only be used to treat bacterial infections and where the sensitivity of the bacterium to the antibiotic has first been established. Therefore, adding antibiotics to semen extenders does not fit these recommendations. In this review, we examine the effects of bacteria in semen and in the inseminated mare, and possible alternatives to their use.Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics following low-level "background " exposure to antimicrobial agents as well as from exposure at therapeutic levels during treatment for bacterial infections. In this review, we look specifically at antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the equine reproductive tract and its possible origin, focusing particularly on antibiotics in semen extenders used in preparing semen doses for artificial insemination. Our review of the literature indicated that AMR in the equine uterus and vagina were reported worldwide in the last 20 years, in locations as diverse as Europe, India, and the United States. Bacteria colonizing the mucosa of the reproductive tract are transferred to semen during collection; further contamination of the semen may occur during processing, despite strict attention to hygiene at critical control points. These bacteria compete with spermatozoa for nutrients in the semen extender, producing metabolic byproducts and toxins that have a detrimental effect on sperm quality. Potential pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occasionally cause fertility issues in inseminated mares. Antibiotics are added during semen processing, according to legislation, to impede the growth of these microorganisms but may have a detrimental effect on sperm quality, depending on the antimicrobial agent and concentration used. However, this addition of antibiotics is counter to current recommendations on the prudent use of antibiotics, which recommend that antibiotics should be used only for therapeutic purposes and after establishing bacterial sensitivity. There is some evidence of resistance among bacteria found in semen samples. Potential alternatives to the addition of antibiotics are considered, especially physical removal separation of spermatozoa from bacteria. Suggestions for further research with colloid centrifugation are provided.
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| 4. |
- Malaluang, Pongpreecha, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Vaginal Bacteria in Inseminated Mares
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobials are added to semen extenders to inhibit the growth of bacteria that are transferred to the semen during collection. However, this non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials could contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of vaginal microbiota after artificial insemination. Swabs were taken from the vagina of 26 mares immediately before artificial insemination and again 3 days later. Bacteria isolated from the vagina at both time points were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. In total, 32 bacterial species were identified. There were increases in the resistance of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim (p = 0.0006), chloramphenicol and (p = 0.012) tetracycline (p = 0.03) between day 0 and day 3. However, there was no significant effect of exposure to antibiotics in semen extenders with respect to the resistance of Staphylococcus simulans and Streptococcus equisimilis (p > 0.05). Whole-genome sequencing indicated that most phenotypic resistance was associated with genes for resistance. These results indicate that the resistance patterns of vaginal bacteria may be affected by exposure to antibiotics; therefore, it would be prudent to minimize, or preferably, avoid using antibiotics in semen extenders.
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| 5. |
- Modin, Oskar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A relationship between phages and organic carbon in wastewater treatment plant effluents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water Research X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-9147. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With stringent effluent requirements and the implementation of new processes for micropollutant removal, it is increasingly important for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to understand the factors affecting effluent quality. Phages (viruses infecting prokaryotes) are abundant in the biological treatment processes. They can contribute to organic carbon in the treated effluent both because they are organic in nature and occur in the effluent and because they cause lysis of microorganisms. Today very little is known about the effects of phages on effluent quality. The goal of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationship between phages and organic carbon in WWTP effluents. We also examined the diversity, taxonomy, and host-association of DNA phages using metagenomics. Effluent samples were collected from four WWTPs treating municipal wastewater. Significant differences in both organic carbon and virus-like particle concentrations were observed between the plants and there was a linear relationship between the two parameters. The phage communities were diverse with many members being taxonomically unclassified. Putative hosts were dominated by bacteria known to be abundant in activated sludge systems such as Comamonadaceae. The composition of phages differed between the WWTPs, suggesting that local conditions shape the communities. Overall, our findings suggest that the abundance and composition of phages are related to effluent quality. Thus, there is a need for further research clarifying the association between phage dynamics and WWTP function.
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