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- Fischer, Katina Mira, et al.
(author)
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Calcaneal adduction and eversion are coupled to talus and tibial rotation.
- 2018
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In: Journal of Anatomy. - : Wiley. - 0021-8782 .- 1469-7580. ; 233:1, s. 64-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to quantify isolated coupling mechanisms of calcaneal adduction/abduction and calcaneal eversion/inversion to proximal bones in vitro. The in vitro approach is necessary because in vivo both movements appear together, making it impossible to determine the extent of their individual contribution to overall ankle joint coupling. Eight fresh frozen foot-leg specimens were tested. Data describing bone orientation and coupling mechanisms between segments were obtained using bone pin marker triads. The bone movement was described in a global coordinate system to examine the coupling between the calcaneus, talus and tibia. The strength of coupling was determined by means of the slope of a linear least squares fit to an angle-angle plot. The coupling coefficients in the present study indicate that not only calcaneal eversion/inversion (coupling coefficient: 0.68 ± 0.15) but to an even greater extent calcaneal adduction/abduction (coupling coefficient: 0.99 ± 0.10) was transferred into talus and tibial rotation, highlighting the relevance of calcaneal adduction for the overall ankle joint coupling. The results of this study present the possibility that controlling calcaneal adduction/abduction can affect talus and tibial rotation and therefore the possible genesis of overuse knee injuries.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, Katina Mira, et al.
(author)
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Calcaneal adduction in slow running : three case studies using intracortical pins.
- 2017
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In: Footwear Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-4280 .- 1942-4299. ; 9:2, s. 87-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to use bone-anchored markers to determine the bone movement of calcaneal adduction, eversion and tibial rotation in a global coordinate system and to describe the relationship of calcaneal adduction to tibial rotation. Furthermore, the amount of overall intra-foot motion in the transverse plane (metatarsal I relative to calcaneus) and its relationship to calcaneal adduction were quantified. Three male participants were assessed during slow running. A 10-camera motion analysis system was used for kinematic data capture of global bone orientations in 3D space for all bones of the foot and ankle complex. For the description of intrinsic articulations within the foot, the skeletal motion relative to the adjacent proximal segment in the transverse plane was calculated. Furthermore, the time of occurrence of maximum values was determined. The findings showed that calcaneal adduction of all participants amounted to 7.8 ± 4.8°, which exceeded the magnitude of calcaneal eversion (4.7 ± 3.1°). Although the inter-participant variability was high, considerable overall intra-foot motion in the transverse plane of the metatarsal I relative to the calcaneus was found to be 4.7 ± 4.6° and could be qualitatively related to calcaneal adduction. The present data provide evidence that next to calcaneal eversion, calcaneal adduction seems related to tibial rotation. Furthermore, overall intra-foot motion in the transverse plane seems related to calcaneal adduction. Controlling calcaneal adduction and overall intra-foot motion in the transverse plane may be a mechanism to control excessive tibial rotation in runners who suffer from overuse knee injuries. These findings could be used to provide an additional approach for future motion-control footwear design to control rearfoot adduction or overall within-foot motion.
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| 4. |
- Popovic, Marko B., et al.
(author)
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Practice Problems
- 2019
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In: Biomechatronics. ; , s. 567-604
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Selected practice problems in the format of numerical problems, concept questions, and case studies are presented in this chapter. Each problem is labeled with an estimated level of difficulty and list of most relevant chapters. Solutions and hints for about half of these problems are provided in the following chapter.
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| 5. |
- Willwacher, Steffen, et al.
(author)
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Running-Related Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Distance Runners : A Systematic Review Considering Injury Specificity and the Potentials for Future Research
- 2022
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In: Sports Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 52:8, s. 1863-1877
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Running overuse injuries (ROIs) occur within a complex, partly injury-specific interplay between training loads and extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors. Biomechanical risk factors (BRFs) are related to the individual running style. While BRFs have been reviewed regarding general ROI risk, no systematic review has addressed BRFs for specific ROIs using a standardized methodology.Objective: To identify and evaluate the evidence for the most relevant BRFs for ROIs determined during running and to suggest future research directions.Design: Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236,832).Data Sources: PubMed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021.Eligibility Criteria: English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic BRF. A BRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two independent retrospective studies. BRFs needed to be determined during running.Results: Sixty-six articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some BRFs appeared for several ROIs, most BRFs were specific for a particular ROI. Most BRFs derived from lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics were located in the frontal and transverse planes of motion. Further, plantar pressure, vertical ground reaction force loading rate and free moment-related parameters were identified as kinetic BRFs.Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive overview of BRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. We identified limited evidence for most ROI-specific risk factors, highlighting the need for performing further high-quality studies in the future. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.
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