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- Fagerlind, Helen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of accident data for test scenario definition in the ASSESS project
- 2010
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Ingår i: 4:th International Conference ESAR - Expert Symposium on Accident Research, Hannover, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of the ASSESS project is to develop a relevant and standardised set of test and assessment methods and associated tools for integrated vehicle safety systems, primarily focussing on currently available pre-crash sensing systems. The first stage of the project was to define casualty relevant accident scenarios so that the test scenarios will be developed based on accident scenarios which currently result in the greatest injury outcome, measured by a combination of casualty severity and casualty frequency. The first analysis stage was completed using data from a range of accident databases, including those which were nationally representative (STATS19, UK and STRADA, SE) and in-depth sources which provided more detailed parameters to characterise the accident scenarios (GIDAS, DE and OTS, UK). A common analysis method was developed in order to compare the data from these different sources, and while the data sets were not completely compatible, the majority of the data was aligned in such a way that allowed a useful comparison to be made. As the ASSESS project focuses on pre-crash sensing systems fitted to passenger cars, the data selected for the analysis was “injury accidents which involved at least one passenger car”. The accident data analysis yielded the following ranked list of most relevant accident scenarios:Rank Accident scenario1 Driving accident - single vehicle loss of control2 Accidents in longitudinal traffic (same and opposite directions)3 Accidents with turning vehicle(s) or crossing paths in junctions4 Accidents involving pedestriansThe ranked list highlights the relatively large role played by ‘accidents in longitudinal traffic’, and ‘accidents with turning vehicle(s) or crossing paths in junctions’ (the second and third most prevalent accident scenarios, respectively). The pre-crash systems addressed in ASSESS propose to yield beneficial safety outcomes with specific regard to these accident scenarios. This indicates that the ASSESS project is highly relevant to the current casualty crash problem. In the second stage of the analysis a selection of these accident scenarios were analysed further to define the accident parameters at a more detailed level [7]. This paper describes the analysis approach and results from the first analysis stage.
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| 2. |
- Wisch, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Car-to-cyclist crashes in Europe and derivation of use cases as basis for test scenarios of next generation advanced driver assistance systems – results from PROSPECT
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th ESV conference, Detroit, Paper Number 17-0396.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presence and performance of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has increased over last years. Systems available on the market address also conflicts with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists. Within the European project PROSPECT (Horizon2020, funded by the EC) improved VRU ADAS systems are developed and tested. However, before determining systems’ properties and starting testing, an up-to-date analysis of VRU crashes was needed in order to derive the most important Use Cases (detailed crash descriptions) the systems should address. Besides the identified Accident Scenarios (basic crash descriptions), this paper describes in short the method of deriving the Use Cases for car-to-cyclist crashes. Method: Crashes involving one passenger car and one cyclist were investigated in several European crash databases looking for all injury severity levels (slight, severe and fatal). These data sources included European statistics from CARE, data on national level from Germany, Sweden and Hungary as well as detailed accident information from these three countries using GIDAS, the Volvo Cars Cyclist Accident database and Hungarian in-depth accident data, respectively. The most frequent accident scenarios were studied and Use Cases were derived considering the key aspects of these crash situations (e.g., view orientation of the cyclist and the car driver’s manoeuvre intention) and thus, form an appropriate basis for the development of Test Scenarios. Results: Latest information on car-to-cyclist crashes in Europe was compiled including details on the related crash configurations, driving directions, outcome in terms of injury severity, accident location, other environmental aspects and driver responsibilities. The majority of car-to-cyclist crashes occurred during daylight and in clear weather conditions. Car-to-cyclist crashes in which the vehicle was traveling straight and the cyclist is moving in line with the traffic were found to result in the greatest number of fatalities. Considering also slightly and seriously injured cyclists led to a different order of crash patterns according to the three considered European countries. Finally the paper introduced the Use Cases derived from the crash data analysis. A total of 29 Use Cases were derived considering the group of seriously or fatally injured cyclists and 35 Use Cases were derived considering the group of slightly, seriously or fatally injured cyclists. The highest ranked Use Case describes the collision between a car turning to the nearside and a cyclist riding on a bicycle lane against the usual driving direction. Discussion: A unified European dataset on car-to-cyclist crash scenarios is not available as the data available in CARE is limited, hence national datasets had to be used for the study and further work will be required to extrapolate the results to a European level. Due to the large number of Use Cases, the paper shows only highest ranked ones.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wisch, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations and Guidelines for Battery Crash Safety and Post-Crash Safe Handling
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electric vehicles (EV) present a research challenge for safety engineers. These vehicles are designed using conventional vehicle design strategies but do not contain conventional materials or structures. Accident analyses cannot be conducted until sufficient EVs are involved in a crash and are reported in crash databases. Until such data exists, researchers must use other research methods to understand and predict potential problems. The passive safety activities in the EVERSAFE project used conventional accident analysis, computer simulation, physical testing, and literature reviews to get a better understanding of the issues for EV and their battery systems. Based on current practice, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the main chemistry that should be explored and pouch type cells are the most vulnerable for damage.Conventional vehicles were used in EVERSAFE as a surrogate for EVs to identify expected deformation and acceleration loads from real crashes. Chemical analyses of the battery components identified the potential processes that can lead to emissions of flammable or toxic gases. Simulation activities in EVERSAFE have developed new battery models and an effective methodology to assess worst case loading in a battery was also developed. Component tests of the battery cells demonstrated that the pouch cell can be quite resilient to shear and penetration loads. Full scale crash tests demonstrated safe battery performance even for more severe tests than those the vehicle are required to meet. A complementary part of the study was to determine what procedures and equipment are needed for rescue services if they attend a crash with an EV.
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