| 1. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 7. |
- Abgrall, N., et al.
(författare)
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The large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (LEGEND)
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : Author(s). - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1894
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neu-trinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of ∼0.1 count /(FWHM·t·yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation 76Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ signal region of all 0νββ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale 76Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0νββ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at 1028 years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Abrams, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience : the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuroinformatics. - : Springer Nature. - 1539-2791 .- 1559-0089.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is great need for coordination around standards and best practices in neuroscience to support efforts to make neuroscience a data-centric discipline. Major brain initiatives launched around the world are poised to generate huge stores of neuroscience data. At the same time, neuroscience, like many domains in biomedicine, is confronting the issues of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Widely used, validated standards and best practices are key to addressing the challenges in both big and small data science, as they are essential for integrating diverse data and for developing a robust, effective, and sustainable infrastructure to support open and reproducible neuroscience. However, developing community standards and gaining their adoption is difficult. The current landscape is characterized both by a lack of robust, validated standards and a plethora of overlapping, underdeveloped, untested and underutilized standards and best practices. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing through the coordination of infrastructure and standards, has recently implemented a formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices in support of the FAIR principles. By formally serving as a standards organization dedicated to open and FAIR neuroscience, INCF helps evaluate, promulgate, and coordinate standards and best practices across neuroscience. Here, we provide an overview of the process and discuss how neuroscience can benefit from having a dedicated standards body.
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| 13. |
- Applegate, K. E., et al.
(författare)
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Individual response of humans to ionising radiation : governing factors and importance for radiological protection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-634X .- 1432-2099. ; 59:2, s. 185-209
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue reactions and stochastic effects after exposure to ionising radiation are variable between individuals but the factors and mechanisms governing individual responses are not well understood. Individual responses can be measured at different levels of biological organization and using different endpoints following varying doses of radiation, including: cancers, non-cancer diseases and mortality in the whole organism; normal tissue reactions after exposures; and, cellular endpoints such as chromosomal damage and molecular alterations. There is no doubt that many factors influence the responses of people to radiation to different degrees. In addition to the obvious general factors of radiation quality, dose, dose rate and the tissue (sub)volume irradiated, recognized and potential determining factors include age, sex, life style (e.g., smoking, diet, possibly body mass index), environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics, stochastic distribution of cellular events, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes or viral infections. Genetic factors are commonly thought to be a substantial contributor to individual response to radiation. Apart from a small number of rare monogenic diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia, the inheritance of an abnormally responsive phenotype among a population of healthy individuals does not follow a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. Rather it is considered to be a multi-factorial, complex trait.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Shepherd, L., et al.
(författare)
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Infection-related and -unrelated malignancies, HIV and the aging population
- 2016
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Ingår i: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 17:8, s. 590-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: HIV-positive people have increased risk of infection-related malignancies (IRMs) and infection-unrelated malignancies (IURMs). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of aging on future IRM and IURM incidence. Methods: People enrolled in EuroSIDA and followed from the latest of the first visit or 1 January 2001 until the last visit or death were included in the study. Poisson regression was used to investigate the impact of aging on the incidence of IRMs and IURMs, adjusting for demographic, clinical and laboratory confounders. Linear exponential smoothing models forecasted future incidence. Results: A total of 15 648 people contributed 95 033 person-years of follow-up, of whom 610 developed 643 malignancies [IRMs: 388 (60%); IURMs: 255 (40%)]. After adjustment, a higher IRM incidence was associated with a lower CD4 count [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) CD4 count < 200 cells/μL: 3.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.59, 5.51; compared with ≥ 500 cells/μL], independent of age, while a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL was associated with IURMs in people aged < 50 years only (aIRR: 2.51; 95% CI 1.40–4.54). Smoking was associated with IURMs (aIRR: 1.75; 95% CI 1.23, 2.49) compared with never smokers in people aged ≥ 50 years only, and not with IRMs. The incidences of both IURMs and IRMs increased with older age. It was projected that the incidence of IRMs would decrease by 29% over a 5-year period from 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–5.9) per 1000 person-years in 2011, whereas the IURM incidence would increase by 44% from 4.1 (95% CI 2.2–7.2) per 1000 person-years over the same period. Conclusions: Demographic and HIV-related risk factors for IURMs (aging and smoking) and IRMs (immunodeficiency and ongoing viral replication) differ markedly and the contribution from IURMs relative to IRMs will continue to increase as a result of aging of the HIV-infected population, high smoking and lung cancer prevalence and a low prevalence of untreated HIV infection. These findings suggest the need for targeted preventive measures and evaluation of the cost−benefit of screening for IURMs in HIV-infected populations.
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| 16. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 17. |
- Bahr, A., et al.
(författare)
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High-temperature oxidation resistance of ternary and quaternary Cr-(Mo)-Si-B2-z coatings-Influence of Mo addition
- 2023
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Si-based alloying of transition metal diborides is a promising strategy to improve their limited oxidation resistance in high-temperature environments. In this study, we investigate the oxidation resistance of ternary and quaternary Cr-(Mo)-Si-B2-z coatings sputter-deposited from alloyed CrB2/TMSi2 targets (TM = Cr, Mo). The asdeposited Cr-(Mo)-Si-B2-z coatings are stabilized in the single-phased hexagonal AlB2-structure, except the high-Si containing Cr0.26Mo0.11Si0.24B0.39 presenting amorphous character. The Mo-containing Cr-Mo-Si-B2-z films exhibit relatively high hardness compared to their ternary Cr-Si-B2-z counterparts, obtaining up to 26 GPa due to the formation of (Cr,Mo)B-2 solid solutions. The Si-alloying in ternary and quaternary coatings provides oxidation resistance up to 1200 degrees C, owing to the formation of highly protective double-layered scales consisting of SiO2 with a Cr2O3 layer on top, inhibiting oxygen inward diffusion. The quaternary Cr0.31Mo0.07Si0.15B0.47 coating is distinguished by superior oxidation resistance with lower porosity and void formation compared to the ternary Cr0.37Si0.16B0.47. Mo proved to be the key element for the higher stability and enhanced oxidation resistance due to the evolution of the MoSi2 phase at similar to 600 degrees C. This phase formation controls the Si diffusion and mobility within the microstructure, thus reducing the porosity and governing the Si supply to form SiO2 scale. The quaternary Cr0.31Mo0.07Si0.15B0.47 coating maintained an oxidation resistance up to 30 h at 1200 degrees C by forming a 2.5 mu m dense amorphous Si-based oxide scale with a thin Cr2O3 on top.
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| 18. |
- Bahr, A., et al.
(författare)
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Non-reactive HiPIMS deposition of NbCx thin films : Effect of the target power density on structure-mechanical properties
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exceptional mechanical properties of transition metal carbide coatings are known to be governed by the carbon content and its morphological distribution. Here, we verify the influence of the target peak power density on the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of NbCx coatings grown by non-reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). By tuning the pulse parameters, the power density can be increased from 0.11 to 1.48 kW/cm2 leading to a decrease in the C/Nb ratio from 1.52 to 0.99 within the films - proven by combined elastic backscattering and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. This decrease in the C/Nb ratio is accompanied by microstructural changes from nanocomposite morphologies with an average grain size of 6.6 +/- 2.5 nm at 0.13 kW/cm2 into more columnar structures with an average column width of 65.2 +/- 18.7 nm at 1.48 kW/cm2. Independent from the C/Nb ratio, all films exhibit a single face-centered cubic structure. The mechanical properties correlate with the enhanced growth behavior dominated by ions at higher peak power densities and the varied C/Nb ratios. A maximum in hardness and fracture toughness of H = 38.7 +/- 3.6 GPa and KIc = 2.78 +/- 0.13 MPa center dot m1/2 (at 3.2 GPa residual compressive stress), is obtained for the nearly stoichiometric NbC coating exhibiting C/Nb ratio of 1.06.
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| 19. |
- Barquinero, J-F., et al.
(författare)
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RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021 : The FISH-Based Translocation Assay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 199:6, s. 583-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translocation analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the method of choice for dose assessment in case of chronic or past exposures to ionizing radiation. Although it is a widespread technique, unlike dicentrics, the number of FISH-based inter-laboratory comparisons is small. For this reason, although the current Running the European Network of Biological and Physical retrospective Dosimetry (RENEB) inter-laboratory comparison 2021 was designed as a fast response to a real emergency scenario, it was considered a good opportunity to perform an inter-laboratory comparison using the FISH technique to gain further experience. The Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology provided peripheral blood samples from one healthy human volunteer. Three test samples were irradiated with blinded doses of 0, 1.2, and 3.5 Gy, respectively. Samples were then sent to the seven participating laboratories. The FISH technique was applied according to the standard procedure of each laboratory. Both, the frequency of translocations and the estimated dose for each sample were sent to the coordinator using a special scoring sheet for FISH. All participants sent their results in due time. However, although it was initially requested to send the results based on the full analysis, evaluating 500 equivalent cells, most laboratories only sent the results based on triage, with a smaller number of analyzed cells. In the triage analysis, there was great heterogeneity in the number of equivalent cells scored. On the contrary, for the full analysis, this number was more homogeneous. For all three samples, one laboratory showed outlier yields compared to the other laboratories. Excluding these results, in the triage analysis, the frequency of translocations in sample no. 1 ranged from 0 to 0.013 translocations per cell, and for samples no. 2 and no. 3 the genomic mean frequency were 0.27 +/- 0.03 and 1.47 +/- 0.14, with a coefficient of variation of 0.29 and 0.23 respectively. Considering only results obtained in the triage analysis for sample no. 1, all laboratories, except one, classified this sample as the non-irradiated one. For sample no. 2, excluding the outlier value, the mean reported dose was 1.74 +/- 0.16 Gy indicating a mean deviation of about 0.5 Gy to the delivered dose of 1.2 Gy. For sample no. 3 the mean dose estimated was 4.21 +/- 0.21 Gy indicating a mean deviation of about 0.7 Gy to the delivered dose of 3.5 Gy. In the frame of RENEB, this is the second FISH-based inter-laboratory comparison. The whole exercise was planned as a response to an emergency, therefore, a triage analysis was requested for all the biomarkers except for FISH. Although a full analysis was initially requested for FISH, most of the laboratories reported only a triage-based result. The main reason is that it was not clearly stated what was required before starting the exercise. Results show that most of the laboratories successfully discriminated unexposed and irradiated samples from each other without any overlap. A good agreement in the observed frequencies of translocations was observed but there was a tendency to overestimate the delivered doses. Efforts to improve the harmonization of this technique and subsequent exercises to elucidate the reason for this trend should be promoted.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Glechner, T., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the non-metal species on the oxidation kinetics of Hf, HfN, HfC, and HfB2 coatings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the non-metal species on the oxidation resistance of transition metal ceramic based thin films is still unclear. For this purpose, we thoroughly investigated the oxide scale formation of a metal (Hf), carbide (HFC0.96), nitride (HfB1.5), and boride (HfB2.3) coating grown by physical vapor deposition. The non-metal species decisively affect the onset temperature of oxidation, ranging between 550 degrees C for HfC0.96 to 840 degrees C for HfN1.5. HfB2.3 and HfN1.5 obtain the slowest oxide scale kinetic following a parabolic law with k(p) values of 4.97.10(-10) and 5.66.10(-11) kg(2) m(-4) s(-1) at 840 degrees C, respectively. A characteristic feature for the oxide scale on Hf coatings, is a columnar morphology and a substantial oxygen inward diffusion. HfC0.96 reveals an ineffective oxycarbide based scale, whereas HfN(1.5 )features a scale with globular HfO2 grains. HfB(2.3 )exhibits a layered scale with a porous boron rich region on top, followed by a highly dense and crystalline HfO2 beneath. Furthermore, HfB(2.3 )presents a hardness of 47.7 +/- 2.7 GPa next to an exceptional low inward diffusion of oxygen during oxidation. This study showcases the strong influence of the non-metallic bonding partner despite the same metallic basis, as well as the huge potential for HfB2 based coatings also for oxidative environments.
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| 23. |
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| 25. |
- Riedl, H., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of carbon deficiency on phase formation of super-hard TaCy thin films
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 149, s. 150-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using nonreactive sputter deposition allows the preparation of single-phase fcc structured TaCy thin films over a wide compositional range with y between 0.63 and 1.04. Among this composition range, the C-deficient TaC0.78 exhibits the highest as deposited hardness of 43.4 +/- 0.65 GPa combined with the highest thermal stability. Even after vacuum annealing to 2400 degrees C, no vacancy-ordered or faulted Ta-C based phases can be detected. The stabilization of carbon deficient fcc structured TaCy near y of about 0.75, revealed the decisive character of vacancy engineered thin films materials for ultra-high temperature applications. (C) 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
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| 28. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 29. |
- Wojcik-Gargula, A., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the behaviour of titanium activation foils during long-term exposure at the JET tokamak
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 177, s. 113056-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titanium activation foils for neutron studies were exposed inside the JET tokamak vessel during the entire 15 months long experimental campaign with deuterium fuelling. Afterwards, it was found that the structure of some foils was only slightly affected, while others were totally or partly disintegrated into dust: flakes and powder. The analyses indicated that defects produced in materials by cutting during the sample preparation eventually lead to the degradation of the titanium crystal structure upon the exposure in JET to neutral particles including hydrogen. In some cases, a passive oxide layer on the foil surface effectively prevented the access of hydrogen, and by this protected the metal against partial or complete transformation into the titanium hydride powder.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Abend, M., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-laboratory comparison of gene expression biodosimetry for protracted radiation exposures as part of the RENEB and EURADOS WG10 2019 exercise
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale radiation emergency scenarios involving protracted low dose rate radiation exposure (e.g. a hidden radioactive source in a train) necessitate the development of high throughput methods for providing rapid individual dose estimates. During the RENEB (Running the European Network of Biodosimetry) 2019 exercise, four EDTA-blood samples were exposed to an Iridium-192 source (1.36 TBq, Tech-Ops 880 Sentinal) at varying distances and geometries. This resulted in protracted doses ranging between 0.2 and 2.4 Gy using dose rates of 1.5-40 mGy/min and exposure times of 1 or 2.5 h. Blood samples were exposed in thermo bottles that maintained temperatures between 39 and 27.7 degrees C. After exposure, EDTA-blood samples were transferred into PAXGene tubes to preserve RNA. RNA was isolated in one laboratory and aliquots of four blinded RNA were sent to another five teams for dose estimation based on gene expression changes. Using an X-ray machine, samples for two calibration curves (first: constant dose rate of 8.3 mGy/min and 0.5-8 h varying exposure times; second: varying dose rates of 0.5-8.3 mGy/min and 4 h exposure time) were generated for distribution. Assays were run in each laboratory according to locally established protocols using either a microarray platform (one team) or quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR, five teams). The qRT-PCR measurements were highly reproducible with coefficient of variation below 15% in >= 75% of measurements resulting in reported dose estimates ranging between 0 and 0.5 Gy in all samples and in all laboratories. Up to twofold reductions in RNA copy numbers per degree Celsius relative to 37 degrees C were observed. However, when irradiating independent samples equivalent to the blinded samples but increasing the combined exposure and incubation time to 4 h at 37 degrees C, expected gene expression changes corresponding to the absorbed doses were observed. Clearly, time and an optimal temperature of 37 degrees C must be allowed for the biological response to manifest as gene expression changes prior to running the gene expression assay. In conclusion, dose reconstructions based on gene expression measurements are highly reproducible across different techniques, protocols and laboratories. Even a radiation dose of 0.25 Gy protracted over 4 h (1 mGy/min) can be identified. These results demonstrate the importance of the incubation conditions and time span between radiation exposure and measurements of gene expression changes when using this method in a field exercise or real emergency situation.
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| 36. |
- Castillejo-Lopez, Casimiro, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 71:1, s. 136-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesAltered signalling in B cells is a predominant feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE. BANK1 codes for a B-cell-specific cytoplasmic protein involved in B-cell receptor signalling and BLK codes for an Src tyrosine kinase with important roles in B-cell development. To characterise the role of BANK1 and BLK in SLE, a genetic interaction analysis was performed hypothesising that genetic interactions could reveal functional pathways relevant to disease pathogenesis.MethodsThe GPAT16 method was used to analyse the gene-gene interactions of BANK1 and BLK. Confocal microscopy was used to investigate co-localisation, and immunoprecipitation was used to verify the physical interaction of BANK1 and BLK.ResultsEpistatic interactions between BANK1 and BLK polymorphisms associated with SLE were observed in a discovery set of 279 patients and 515 controls from northern Europe. A meta-analysis with 4399 European individuals confirmed the genetic interactions between BANK1 and BLK. As BANK1 was identified as a binding partner of the Src tyrosine kinase LYN, the possibility that BANK1 and BLK could also show a protein-protein interaction was tested. The co-immunoprecipitation and co-localisation of BLK and BANK1 were demonstrated. In a Daudi cell line and primary naive B cells endogenous binding was enhanced upon B-cell receptor stimulation using anti-IgM antibodies.ConclusionsThis study shows a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically. The results have important consequences for the understanding of SLE and other autoimmune diseases and identify a potential new signalling pathway.
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| 37. |
- Fuger, C., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Ta on the oxidation resistance of WB2-z coatings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ternary W1-x TaxB2-z is a promising protective coating material possessing enhanced ductile character and phase stability compared to closely related binaries. Here, the oxidation resistance of W1-xTaxB2-z thin films was experimentally investigated at temperatures up to 700 degrees C. Ta alloying in sputter deposited WB2-z coatings led to decelerated oxide scale growth and a changed growth mode from paralinear to a more linear (but retarded) behavior with increasing Ta content. The corresponding rate constants decrease from k(p)* = 6.3.10(-4) mu m(2)/s for WB2-z to k(p)* = 1.1.10(-4) mu m(2)/s for W0.66Ta0.34B2-z as well as k(1) = 2.6.10(-5) mu m/s for TaB2-z, underlined by decreasing scale thicknesses ranging from 1170 nm (WB2-z), over 610 nm (W0.66Ta0.34B2-z) to 320 nm (TaB2-z) after 10 min at 700 degrees C. Dense and adherent scales exhibit an increased tantalum content (columnar oxides), which suppresses the volatile character of tungsten-rich as well as boron oxides, hence being a key-factor for enhanced oxidation resistance. Thus, adding Ta (in the range of x = 0.2-0.3) to a-structured WB2-z does not only positively influence the ductile character and thermal stability but also drastically increases the oxidation resistance.
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| 38. |
- Gebski, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-thin VCSELs based on monolithic subwavelength high-index contrast surface gratings
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2016. ; , s. 653-654
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present for the first time the measured power reflectance of GaAs monolithic high index contrast surface gratings (MHCGs) and computer simulations of various reduced-vertical-dimension VCSEL designs that employ these MHCG structures. We demonstrate the first optically-pumped MHCG DBR VCSELs with emission near 980 nm.
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| 39. |
- Hahn, R., et al.
(författare)
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Unraveling the superlattice effect for hexagonal transition metal diboride coatings
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superlattice structures enable the simultaneous enhancement in hardness (H) and fracture toughness (KIC) of ceramic-like coatings. While a deeper understanding of this effect has been gained for fcc-structured transition metal nitrides (TMN), hardly any knowledge is available for hexagonal diborides (TMB2). Here we show that superlattices can-similarly to nitrides-increase the hardness and toughness of diboride films. For this purpose, we deposited TiB2/WB2 and TiB2/ZrB2 superlattices with different bilayer periods (?) by non-reactive sputtering. Nanoindentation and in-situ microcantilever bending tests yield a distinct H peak for the TiB2/WB2 system (45.5 & PLUSMN; 1.3 GPa for ? = 6 nm) but no increase in KIC related to a difference in shear moduli (112 GPa). Contrary, the TiB2/ZrB2 system shows no peak in H, but for KIC with 3.70 & PLUSMN; 0.26 MPa & BULL;m1/2 at ? = 4 nm originating from differences in lattice spacing (0.14 & ANGS;), hence causing coherent stresses retarding crack growth.
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| 40. |
- Hu, Chun, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of co-sputtering AlB2 to TaB2 on stoichiometry of non-reactively sputtered boride thin films
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 2166-3831. ; 12:8, s. 561-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal diboride thin films are promising functional materials for their outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability. By combining experiment and simulations, we discuss angular distribution of the sputtered species, their scattering in the gas phase, re-sputtering and potential evaporation from the grown films for the complex evolution of film compositions, as well as energetic preference for vacancy formation and competing phases as factors for governing the phase constitution. By co-sputtering from two compound targets, we developed phase-pure crystalline (Ta,Al)B2 solid solution thin films and correlate the stoichiometry changes with the evolution of their microstructure, hardness, and elastic modulus. {GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT}
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| 41. |
- Hudak, O. E., et al.
(författare)
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Improved corrosion resistance of cathodic arc evaporated Al0.7Cr0.3_xVxN coatings in NaCl-rich media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion resistance of cathodic arc evaporated Al0.7Cr0.3_xVxN coatings with a vanadium content up to 22.3 at% has been electrochemically tested in a 0.1 M NaCl-solution. Significant improvement in the open porosity and corrosion rate was observed for coatings with higher V-contents, due to a denser and more refined coating morphology. Further reduction in the open porosity rate was achieved through an annealing step in air at 700 degrees C. Here, the formation of an AlVO4 top-oxide and underlying oxygen-rich V-depletion zone provides additional sealing of the coating surface, whilst reducing the corrosion current density to a final 1.59 x 10_9 A/cm2.
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| 42. |
- Kirnbauer, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical properties and thermal stability of reactively sputtered multi-principal-metal Hf-Ta-Ti-V-Zr nitrides
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystalline (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)N nitride thin films, with a high-entropy metal-sublattice, were synthesized at 440 degrees C by reactive magnetron sputtering using an equimolar Hf-Ta-Ti-V-Zr-compound target. The coatings are single-phase fcc structured mono-nitrides for N-2/(Ar + N-2) flow-rate-ratios (f(N2)) between 30 and 45%. For higher f(N2) a small fraction of a second phase (next to the fcc matrix) can be detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). All coatings studied (prepared with f(N2) between 30 and 60%) show similar chemical compositions and hardness (H) values between 30.0 and 34.0 GPa with indentation moduli of similar to 460 GPa. Atom probe tomography (APT) indicates a homogenous distribution of all elements within our fcc-(Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)N even after vacuum-annealing at 1300 degrees C. While H decreased from 32.5 to 28.1 GPa by this annealing treatment, the coating is still single-phase fcc structured with a defect density (expressed by XRD and SAED features, transmission electron microscopy contrast, and grain sizes) comparable to the as-deposited state. Only after vacuum-annealing at 1500 degrees C, XRD and APT reveal the formation of hexagonal structured (Ta,V)(2)N. The onset of nitrogen-loss - detected by thermogravimetric analysis - is similar to 1350 degrees C. Based on our results we can conclude that the sluggish diffusion within our fcc-(Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)N warrants the single-phase fcc structure up to 1300 degrees C, although ab initio based calculations would suggest the lower-entropy products [fcc-(Hf,Zr)N, fcc-(Ta,V)N, and fcc-TiN] and [fcc-(Hf,Zr)N and fcc-(Ta,Ti,V)N] to be energetically more stable up to 1302 K.
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| 43. |
- Olahova, M., et al.
(författare)
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POLRMT mutations impair mitochondrial transcription causing neurological disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While >300 disease-causing variants have been identified in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gamma, no mitochondrial phenotypes have been associated with POLRMT, the RNA polymerase responsible for transcription of the mitochondrial genome. Here, we characterise the clinical and molecular nature of POLRMT variants in eight individuals from seven unrelated families. Patients present with global developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature, and speech/intellectual disability in childhood; one subject displayed an indolent progressive external ophthalmoplegia phenotype. Massive parallel sequencing of all subjects identifies recessive and dominant variants in the POLRMT gene. Patient fibroblasts have a defect in mitochondrial mRNA synthesis, but no mtDNA deletions or copy number abnormalities. The in vitro characterisation of the recombinant POLRMT mutants reveals variable, but deleterious effects on mitochondrial transcription. Together, our in vivo and in vitro functional studies of POLRMT variants establish defective mitochondrial transcription as an important disease mechanism. POLRMT is key for transcription of the mitochondrial genome, yet has not been implicated in mitochondrial disease to date. Here, the authors identify mutations in POLRMT in individuals with mitochondrial disease-related phenotypes and characterise underlying defects in mitochondrial transcription.
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| 44. |
- Packer, L. W., et al.
(författare)
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Activation of ITER materials in JET : nuclear characterisation experiments for the long-term irradiation station
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 58:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper details progress in experimental characterisation work at JET for the long-term irradiation station, conducted as part of a project to perform activation experiments using ITER materials. The aim is to take advantage of the significant 14 MeV neutron yield expected during JET operations to irradiate samples of materials that will be used in the manufacturing of ITER tokamak components, such as Nb3Sn, SS316L steels from a range of manufacturers, SS304B, Alloy 660, W, CuCrZr, OF-Cu, XM-19, Al bronze, NbTi and EUROFER. This paper presents an assessment of the nuclear environment at the relevant irradiation locations at JET, measured using a range of high purity dosimetry foils: Ti, Ni, Y, Fe, Co, Sc, and Ta, irradiated with fusion neutrons at JET over a period of 15 months. Experimental results arc presented and compared to simulation predictions using a JET MCNP model coupled with the FISPACT-II inventory code. Comparisons are made for a total of 11 nuclear reactions using a range of nuclear data libraries in calculations.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Rühm, W., et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the 2021 ICRP workshop on the future of radiological protection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Radiological Protection. - : IOP Publishing. - 0952-4746 .- 1361-6498. ; 42:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has embarked on a process to review and revise the current System of Radiological Protection ('the System'). To stimulate discussion, the ICRP published two open-access articles: one on aspects of the System that might require review, and another on research that might improve the scientific foundation of the System. Building on these articles, the ICRP organized a Workshop on the Future of Radiological Protection as an opportunity to engage in the review and revision of the System. This digital workshop took place from 14 October–3 November 2021 and included 20 live-streamed and 43 on-demand presentations. Approximately 1500 individuals from 100 countries participated. Based on the subjects covered by the presentations, this summary is organized into four broad areas: the scientific basis, concepts and application of the System; and the role of the ICRP. Some of the key topics that emerged included the following: classification of radiation-induced effects; adverse outcome pathway methodologies; better understanding of the dose–response relationship; holistic and reasonable approaches to optimization of protection; radiological protection of the environment; ethical basis of the System; clarity, consistency and communication of the System; application of the System in medicine and application of the principles of justification and optimization of protection.
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| 47. |
- Rühm, W., et al.
(författare)
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Vancouver call for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide
- 2023
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Ingår i: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. - 0301-634X .- 1432-2099. ; 62:2, s. 175-180
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionising radiation has been used for over a century for peaceful purposes, revolutionising health care and promoting well-being through its application in industry, science, and medicine. For almost as long, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has promoted understanding of health and environmental risks of ionising radiation and developed a protection system that enables the safe use of ionising radiation in justified and beneficial practices, providing protection from all sources of radiation. However, we are concerned that a shortage of investment in training, education, research, and infrastructure seen in many sectors and countries may compromise society’s ability to properly manage radiation risks, leading to unjustified exposure to or unwarranted fear of radiation, impacting the physical, mental, and social well-being of our peoples. This could unduly limit the potential for research and development in new radiation technologies (healthcare, energy, and the environment) for beneficial purposes. ICRP therefore calls for action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide through: (1) National governments and funding agencies strengthening resources for radiological protection research allocated by governments and international organisations, (2) National research laboratories and other institutions launching and sustaining long-term research programmes, (3) Universities developing undergraduate and graduate university programmes and making students aware of job opportunities in radiation-related fields, (4) Using plain language when interacting with the public and decision makers about radiological protection, and (5) Fostering general awareness of proper uses of radiation and radiological protection through education and training of information multipliers. The draft call was discussed with international organisations in formal relations with ICRP in October 2022 at the European Radiation Protection Week in Estoril, Portugal, and the final call announced at the 6th International Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection of ICRP in November 2022 in Vancouver, Canada.
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| 48. |
- Vicente, Antonio T., et al.
(författare)
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A statistics modeling approach for the optimization of thin film photovoltaic devices
- 2017
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 144, s. 232-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing interest in exploring thin film technologies to produce low cost devices such as n-i-p silicon solar cells, with outstanding performances and capability to address the highly relevant energy market, turns the optimization of their fabrication process a key area of development. The usual one-dimensional analysis of the involved parameters makes it difficult and time consuming to find the optimal set of conditions. To overcome these difficulties, the combination of experimental design and statistical analysis provides the tools to explore in a multidimensional fashion the interactions between fabrication parameters and expected experimental outputs. Design of Experiment and Multivariate Analysis are demonstrated here for the optimization of: (1) the low temperature deposition (150 degrees C) of high quality intrinsic amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H); and (2) the matching of the n-, i-, and p-silicon layers thickness to maximize the efficiency of thin film solar cells. The multiple regression method applied, validated through analysis of variance and evaluated against exact numerical simulations, is shown to predict the overall intrinsic layer properties and the devices performance. The results confirm that experimental design and statistical data analysis are effective approaches to improve, within a minimum time frame and high certainty, the properties of silicon thin films, and subsequently the layer structure of solar cells.(C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Wójcik, Natalia A., et al.
(författare)
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Structure and magnetic properties of BeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-TeO2 glass-ceramic composites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 41:10, s. 5214-5222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, glass-ceramics in the xBeO–20Fe2O3–(80-x)TeO2 system with x = 0–25 mol% were synthesized by the traditional melt quenching route and studied by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, confocal microscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. BeO addition was found to support the crystallization process of Fe2O3 during melting, and an increased BeO content was associated with an increased fraction of the crystalline Fe2O3 phase and an increased size of these crystallites. Furthermore, samples doped with BeO exhibit an increasing polymerization of the residual tellurite glass network compared to the undoped sample. The magnetic properties and specific heat of all synthesized materials were measured, and the results show that all studied samples behave as spin-glasses. Also, the Morin transition of hematite was observed at 260 K with intensity depending on the material content in Fe2O3 crystalline phase, the formation of which correlates with the amount of added BeO.
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