| 1. |
- Bertilsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of feeding different levels of foliage from Erythrina variegata on the performance of growing goats
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 44, s. 1659-1665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of feeding different levels of foliage from Erythrina variegata on the performance of growing goats was studied using a local breed (Ma T'ou) with an average initial body weight of 11.2 kg (SD = 0.9). Twenty-four animals were allocated to a randomized design, with six animals (three males and three females) per treatment. The treatments were four different levels of replacement of the diet crude protein (CP) with CP from Erythrina foliage (EF) at 0 % (E-0), 20 % (E-20), 40 % (E-40), and 60 % (E-60). There were no significant differences in the dry matter (DM) intake between treatments, but total CP intake was significantly higher in the goats fed the diet E-60 compared to E-20 (61.1 and 51.4 g/day, respectively). The average daily liveweight gain of the goats did not differ between treatments and ranged from 51 to 63 g/day. Sixteen animals were kept in metabolism cages for a digestibility study and given with the same four diets as in the main experiment. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was significantly higher for diet E-60 than for E-0. Neither the apparent digestibility of CP and N retention nor carcass characteristics (16 animals) differed with an increase in the level of CP from EF in the diets. In conclusion, CP from EF can replace up to 60 % of CP from a mixed diet with soybean meal without any negative effect on the growth in goats.
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| 2. |
- Bostedt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive pastoralists—Insights into local and regional patterns in livelihood adaptation choices among pastoralists in Kenya
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pastoralism. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-7136. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pastoralist adaptation strategies have to address multiple, overlapping, and often inter-related processes of socio-ecological change. The present study addresses the need for inter-regional comparative studies that account for different geographic, climate, and socio-economic contexts in order to understand how pastoralists adapt to changes in livelihood conditions. The paper uses data from a unique survey study of pastoralist households in four neighbouring counties in dryland Kenya. Taking our point of departure from an empirically based classification of the livelihood strategies available to pastoralists in the Horn of Africa, the survey offers novel insights into adaptation and fodder management strategies of pastoralist individuals and households. The results show that the use of migration as a strategy is more dependent on the ability to migrate than climate conditions. This is the case in localities where a substantial part of the land is subdivided, the population density is high, and where opportunities for migration are subsequently restricted. Diversification of livelihoods as a strategy is largely defined by opportunity. Intensification through active fodder management is mainly common in areas where there has been a proliferation of managed enclosures. Climate change will test the adaptive capacity of pastoralists in the studied region, and diversification and intensification strategies of both herd composition and livelihoods can be seen as strategies for increased climate resilience.
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| 3. |
- Båge, Renee, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy in peri-urban farming for food security and income
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture for Food Security in Low-income Countries – Challenges and Knowledge Gaps. - 9789157692290 ; :2014:4, s. 60-63
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Hang, Bui Phan Thu, et al.
(författare)
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High level of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in young dairy calves in southern Vietnam
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 51, s. 1405-1411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dairy calves in southern Vietnam. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum of 84 calves from 41 smallholder dairy farms, when newborn and at 14 days of age for isolation of E. coli. Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 144 of the 168 fecal samples tested. Of the 144 E. coli isolates, 40% were found to be susceptible to all 12 antimicrobial drugs tested and 53% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials. Calves were colonized with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli already on the day of birth. Resistance to tetracycline was most common, followed by resistance to sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. Four isolates carried a gene encoding for extended-spectrum cephalosporinases (ESC), and these genes belonged to blaCTX-M group 1 (2 isolates), blaCTX-M group 9 (1 isolate), and blaCMY-2 (1 isolate). Thirty-three isolates had a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) phenotype, and 30 of these carried the qnrS gene. These results are of importance for management routines of dairy cattle to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of calving month, pasture conditions and management on the growth of Holstein-Friesian x Ankole crossbred calves in a semi-arid rangeland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 47, s. 783-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Daily weight gain of crossbred calves was studied in relation to seasonal changes in pasture quality and quantity, and management routines. A total of 171 and 56 calves were monitored up to the ages of 6 and 9 months, respectively, on ten farms in a semi-arid region of Uganda. Daily weight gains of calves were 288, 315 and 442 g/day at ages 0-2, 2-6 and 6-9 months, respectively. Average live weights of calves at ages 6 and 9 months were around 90 and 120 kg, respectively. Daily weight gain of calves at ages 6-9 months increased by 81 g for each additional percentage of crude protein in pasture (p < 0.05). At ages 0-2 (p < 0.05) and 0-6 (p < 0.05) months, crosses with > 75 % Holstein-Friesian (HF) had 30 and 60 g lower daily weight gain, respectively, than crosses with 75 % HF and 25 % Ankole. Birth month (August-January) and the number of days with low pasture quantity (< 800 kg dry matter (DM)/ha) had no significant effect on calf weight gain. A significantly higher weight gain was obtained for calves with the opportunity to suckle twice daily, compared with once. This indicates that suckling is beneficial for calves in semi-arid environments where seasonal pasture shortage regularly occurs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Knutsson, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on enclosures in pastoralist drylands: From contradictory evidence to the formulation of innovative land management strategies
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Development Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-2929 .- 2468-0532. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drylands in Sub-Saharan Africa are subject to rapid and enduring population increase, agricultural expansion, land large-scale infrastructure developments, as well as climate change, affecting some 265 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. These changes are promoting a transition from traditional pastoralist ways of life characterized by seasonal mobility, towards more sedentary livelihoods based on more intensive and commercial uses of land-based resources. As part of of this ongoing transition, establishment of enclosures on pastoralist commons is emerging as a default, but highly contested, development pathway. Based on a review of the current enclosure debate across the natural, economic, and social sciences, with a geographical focus on the East African drylands, we discuss the potential and limitations of enclosures as land management tool, and propose a conceptual framework for how enclosures can act as an integral part of sustainable pastoralist land use. Such a framework constitute an important piece of the puzzle for more productively linking the urgent need of innovative ways of managing pastoralist rangelands, to the present international and national commitments to restoration of degraded lands.
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| 8. |
- Kongmanila, Daovy, et al.
(författare)
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Degradability of leaves from three Erythrina species in Lao PDR
- 2013
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 155, s. 273-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and degradation value of leaves of three Erythrina species in Lao PDR. The degradability of Erythrina indica, Erythrina subumbrans and Erythrina variegata leaves (including petioles) was assessed by in vitro gas production and in sacco degradation in four 3-year-old fistulated male crossbred goats (Thai native x Boer) weighing 30 kg (SD=1.4). Crude protein (CP) content of E. indica leaves was 156 g/kg dry matter (DM) significantly lower compared to E. variegata and E. subumbrans (203 and 211 g/kg DM). The highest in vitro gas production after 96 h incubation (121 ml/g DM) and in vitro organic digestibility after 24 h incubation (67.2%) were found in E. variegata (P > 0.05). Leaves from E. variegata and E. subumbrans had a higher in sacco CP effective degradability than E. indica leaves (P < 0.05). Thus E. variegata and E. subumbrans appear to be a better option in terms of nutritive values and degradability. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Kronqvist, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of replacing grass with foliage on growth rate and feed intake in goats—a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small ruminants such as goats have a higher preference for browse species than cattle and sheep. In a meta-analysis of 42 papers describing 117 experimental treatments found by a search performed in June 2021 in PubMed and Web of Knowledge, we examined the general effect of including foliage in the diet of goats, replacing grasses, on dry matter intake and average daily weight gain. The inclusion requirement for a paper was that it described a controlled trial with a control diet of grass and with grass replaced by foliage in the experimental diet. Publication bias was estimated by calculating the Fail-safe n. Random effects analyses were conducted, using effect size calculated as Hedges’ d. The results showed that inclusion of foliage increased feed intake (Hedges’ d = 1.350, SE = 0.388) and average daily weight gain (Hedges’ d = 1.417, SE = 0.444) compared with a grass-based control. The positive effect of foliage inclusion on dry matter intake was associated with lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and higher crude protein (CP) in the foliage than in the grass it replaced. The positive effect on average daily weight gain was associated with higher CP concentration in the foliage than in grass. Foliage inclusion level showed a quadratic relationship with dry matter intake, with maximum dry matter intake achieved at a level of 50–60%. There was wide variation between the studies reviewed, and this variation was not reduced by subgroup analysis based on different kinds of foliage. In conclusion, the addition of foliage to goat diets can increase feed intake and daily weight gain, as an effect of the dietary preferences of goats and of generally higher nutritional value in foliage species compared with natural/semi-natural grass species.
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| 10. |
- Lakic, Branislav, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a special mechanism behind the changes in somatic cell and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, and composition of milk after a single prolonged milking interval in cows?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 51, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A single prolonged milking interval (PMI) e.g. after a technical stop in an automatedmilking system is of concern for the producer since it is associated with a short-lasting increase inmilk somatic cell count (SCC), which is a major quality criterion used at the dairy plants. Thecontent of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and how the milk quality is influenced has notbeen much investigated. The SCC peak occurs without any obvious antigen challenge, possiblyindicating a different leukocyte attraction mechanism after a PMI than we see during mastitis.Methods: Composite cow milk samples were taken at the milkings twice daily during 7 days beforeand 5 days after a PMI of 24 h. Milk was analyzed for SCC, PMN, fat, protein and lactose, and atsome occasions also casein and free fatty acids (FFA).Results: During the PMI the proportion of milk PMN increased sharply in spite of marginallyincreased SCC. The peak SCC was not observed until the second milking after the PMI, in theafternoon day 1. However, the peak SCC value in morning milk did not occur until one day later,concomitantly with a decrease in the proportion of PMN. After declining, SCC still remainedelevated while PMN proportion was decreased throughout the study as was also the milk yield,after the first accumulation of milk during the PMI. Milk composition was changed the day after thePMI, (increased fat and protein content; decreased lactose, whey protein and FFA content) but thechanges in the following days were not consistent except for lactose that remained decreased therest of the study.Conclusion: The PMI resulted in increased SCC and proportion of PMN. Additionally, it gave riseto minor alterations in the milk composition in the following milkings but no adverse effect on milkquality was observed. The recruitment of PMN, which was further enhanced the first day after thePMI, appeared to be independent of milk volume or accumulation of milk per se. Hence, we suggestthat there is a special immunophysiological/chemoattractant background to the increased migrationof leukocytes into the milk compartment observed during and after the PMI.
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| 11. |
- Ledin, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried foliage from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the performance of lambs and their intake of hydrogen cyanide
- 2010
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 131, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weaned lambs of the Phan Rang breed with an initial weight of 15.0 kg and 3.5 months of age were used to study the effects of feeding fresh, wilted and sun-dried cassava foliage (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, HCN consumed and thiocyanate concentration in urine during 24 h. The treatments were three diets containing guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and cassava chips supplemented with fresh cassava foliage (FCFd), wilted cassava foliage (WCFd) or cassava hay (CHd). Six male lambs were used in a digestibility trial in a double 3 x 3 Latin square design and twenty-four lambs (6 males and 18 females) in a growth trial lasting 84 days. Dry matter intake ranged from 33 to 36 g/kg body weight. No significant difference between treatments was observed in live weight gain, which was 73.1, 76.7 and 75.6 g/day for FCFd, WCFd and CHd, respectively. The DM digestibility was significantly higher, 674 and 687 g/kg DM for FCFd and WCFd, compared to 600 g/kg DM for CHd. The nitrogen retained was 3.2, 3.8 and 3.5 g/day for FCFd, WCFd and CHd, respectively, and was not significantly different among treatments. Hydrogen cyanide content in fresh cassava foliage, wilted cassava foliage and cassava hay was 333.217 and 60 mg/kg DM, and the amount consumed was significantly different among treatments, 114.6, 86.6 and 25.5 mg/day for FCFd. WCFd and CHd, respectively. The thiocyanate concentration in the urine of the lambs from diet CHd was significantly lower compared to diets FCFd and WCFd. where the thiocyanate level in urine increased from before feeding, reaching a peak at 12 h after feeding and then decreasing. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Are odd- and branched-chain milk fatty acids potential indicators of forage intake in dairy cows?
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Odd- and branched‑chain fatty acids (OBCFA) have been suggested to be potential markers for duodenal flow of microbial protein and of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. These relationships may reflect the proportion of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen with different forage:concentrate ratios. Thus, the milk OBCFA may be used as non-invasive tools for both researchers and farmers to assess nutrient related disorders in cows. It has also been shown that the OBCFA may be potential predictors of sub‑acute ruminal acidosis (SARA). In commercial herds, forage is often fed on group level and cows with low forage intake can therefore pass unnoticed, and health problems such as acidosis can arise. The objectives of the present study were to study the OBCFA composition in milk fat feeding three different silage:concentrate ratios in the diet and to study the correlation between fibre and OBCFA. The study included 50 cows >25 weeks of lactation. The diets were composed of the same feeds: grass silage and concentrate, but the silage:concentrate ratio differed between the diets: 50:50, 70:30 and 85:15 (on dry matter basis). Pooled milk samples were used in the analyses of milk composition and milk fatty acid profiles. Statistical differences between diets (P < 0.05) were determined using orthogonal polynomial contrasts and multiple regression analysis was performed on diet composition and OBCFA. Increasing the proportion of grass silage linearly increased the concentrations of C15:0, iso C15:0, C17:0 and total OBCFA (Table 1). There were no significant effects on milk fat, protein or lactose concentration. The concentration of total OBCFA showed the strongest positive correlation (P < 0.05) with dietary content of fibre (NDF), followed by C15:0 and iso C15:0 (R2 = 0.36, R2 = 0.28 and R2 = 0.24, respectively). Increasing the silage:concentrate ratio in diets for dairy cows, from 50:50 to 85:15 increased the concentrations of the linear odd-chain FA, iso C15:0 and total OBCFA in milk. The reflection of fibre content in milk OBCFA suggests that total OBCFA concentrations in milk may be useful to indicate forage intake under conditions when it is not possible to measure individual forage intake, and thus is a potential indicator to identify cows at risk of ruminal acidosis.
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| 14. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of dietary proportion of grass silage on milk fat with emphasis on odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in dairy cows
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 96, s. 390-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High proportions of forage in diets fed to dairy cows are interesting options in conventional production, and mandatory in organic dairy farming (e.g., within the European Union). The objectives of the present study were to study the milk fatty acid (FA) profiles, with particular focus on the odd- and branched-chain FA (OBCFA) and their association with diet composition, using 3 different proportions of grass silage in the diet. The OBCFA profiles in milk have been suggested to be potential markers to assess nutrient supply to the cows. The study included data from 24 cows in 2008 and 26 cows in 2009, using pooled milk samples from morning and evening milking within 24 h. The 3 diets were composed of the same feeds: grass silage and grain-based concentrate, but the silage component was fed in different proportions, namely 50, 70, and 85% of total dry matter intake. The cows were in late lactation, with a mean of 220 (SD = 15) days in milk in 2008, and 216 (SD = 35) days in milk in 2009, at the onset of the trial. Increased proportions of grass silage in the diet increased the intake of C18:3n-3, and decreased the intake of C18:2n-6 and intake of total FA. The daily intake of C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 was reflected in a similar increase in milk C18:3n-3, whereas the concentration of milk C18:2n-6 decreased with increasing proportion of grass silage in the diet. Increased proportions of grass silage in the diet increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid and the linear odd-chain FA C15:0 and C17:0, the branched-chain iso C15:0 and total OBCFA in milk. The concentration of total OBCFA in milk was shown to be positively correlated with dietary content of neutral detergent fiber. This suggests that the concentration of milk OBCFA may be useful in the future to indicate low forage intake in cows under conditions when it is not possible to measure individual forage intake.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Enteric methane emissions from dairy cows fed different proportions of highly digestible grass silage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 61, s. 128-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enteric methane (CH4) emissions were measured from six lactating dairy cows using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Three diets with different proportions of highly digestible grass silage/concentrates were fed: 500/500, 700/300, or 900/100 g /kg dry matter (DM). The average daily CH4 emissions were 282, 300, and 321 g /animal, respectively and the methane conversion factor (Ym) from gross energy (GE) ranged from 0.051 to 0.056. However, the statistical power of the study was weak and the differences between diets were not significant (P=0.149 and P=0.293, respectively). A linear regression analysis showed a trend (p=0.08) toward higher enteric CH4 emissions with higher proportion of high quality grass silage in the diet. A definite conclusion is not possible and further studies are needed as a base for concrete advice on how to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from high yielding dairy cows in Scandinavia
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Profitability of organic and conventional dairy production with different dietary proportions of high-quality grass silage
- 2013
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Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 3, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The profitability in organic and conventional milk production systems when using three different dietary proportions (51 %, 62 % and 69 % of dry matter) of high-quality grass silage to dairy cows was calculated. Feed intake and milk production data were measured in a dairy cow experiment in which the same types of feeds were used over the entire lactation, but the proportion of forage was increased to three different degrees in the diet. The results of the economic analyses showed that full cost coverage was only reached within the organic production system and that a large herd size (160 cows) was required to achieve economically sustainable dairy production. However, large herd size required large pasture areas in organic production, which can be difficult to achieve in forest-dominated districts. The results of the calculated profitability showed that it was profitable to increase the average dietary proportion of high-quality silage from 51 % to 62 % of dry matter in conventional production with concentrate and grain prices at their current high levels. In organic production, there were only minor differences in calculated profitability between providing the obligatory 60 % and 69 % of dry matter as high-quality silage in the dairy cow diet.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lindberg, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Whole lactation production responses in high-yielding dairy cows using high-quality grass/clover silage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 97, s. 2883 - 2890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDLimiting the use of purchased concentrate for livestock and replacing it with home-grown forage without compromising milk production can offer benefits in both organic and conventional dairy systems. A full lactation trial was conducted with 92 cows over two years comparing three diets, each differing in the mean forage proportion over the lactation, 500 (500F), 600 (600F) and 700 (700F) g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) respectively. The diets were designed to represent common conventional feeding, current regulations for organic production and more extreme high-forage-based production respectively. The aims were to determine the effects of forage proportion in the diet on milk production and feed utilisation.RESULTSCompared with 500F, daily milk yield did not differ in 600F but was lower in 700F (31.3, 31.1 and 29.2 kg energy-corrected milk respectively). Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between treatments (20.3, 20.4 and 19.9 kg in 500F, 600F and 700F respectively).CONCLUSIONIncreasing the forage proportion from 500 to 600 g kg(-1) DM did not have any adverse effects on milk production or DMI. Thus it is possible to produce the same quantity of milk with less concentrate and reduce the use of potential human feeds in dairy production. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Mpatswenumugabo, Jean Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic literature review of milk consumption and associated bacterial zoonoses in East Africa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 134
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumption of unsafe animal-source foods is the major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in low-income countries. Despite current knowledge of the threat posed by raw milk consumption to human health, people in many countries in East Africa still consume unboiled milk. This literature review explored the association between milk consumption and the occurrence of five milk-borne bacterial zoonoses: brucellosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, Escherichia coli infections, and tuberculosis. A search for literature published up to 1 October 2021 was conducted through the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The selection process yielded 65 articles describing studies conducted in East Africa 2010-2021, which were carefully scrutinized. The most investigated pathogen was Brucella spp. (54.5%), followed by E. coli (18.2%), Salmonella spp. (12.1%), Mycobacterium spp. (6.1%), and E. coli O157: H7 (6.1%). The most common predisposing factors for potential milk-borne disease outbreaks were consumption of contaminated raw milk, inadequate cold storage along the milk value chain, poor milk handling practices, and lack of awareness of the health risks of consuming unpasteurized milk. Thus, a tailor-made training program is needed for all milk value chain actors to enhance the safety of milk sold in informal markets, and a One Health approach should be applied. Future studies should employ more advanced diagnostic techniques and countries in East Africa should invest in modern diagnostic tools and equipment, both in hospitals and in local rural settings where most cases occur.
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| 28. |
- Mukangango, Marguerite, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cutting height on nutritional characteristics of three agroforestry tree legume species and their feed supplement value on Chloris gayana Kunth
- 2018
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Ingår i: African Journal of Agricultural Research. - 1991-637X. ; 13, s. 1591-1597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of cutting height (30 and 100 cm) on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility in field-grown Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze. (Prairie acacia), Leucaena pallida Britton & Rose (guaja) and Mimosa scabrella Bentham. (bracatinga) legumes and their value in supplementing a basal diet of Chloris gayana Kunth. (Rhodes grass). Cutting height did not affect major chemical composition. Crude protein (CP) was highest in A. angustissima and lowest in M. scabrella, while neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were highest in M. scabrella. Degradation parameters were greater at 100 cm cutting height. L. pallida showed high in vitro organic matter digestibility but A. angustissima had the highest metabolisable energy. Addition of A. angustissima, L. pallida and M. scabrella to the basal diet increased improved the nutritional value and increased the CP content from 8.4 to 19.8% and 18.1 and 16.1%, respectively. Cutting height of A. angustissima, L. pallida and M. scabrella had no effect on their nutritional value. Their other functions and benefits will determine choice of cutting height as management practice when used on farms.
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| 29. |
- Nielsen, Per Peetz, et al.
(författare)
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It is warm outside today: How temperature affects dairy cows' willingness to be on pasture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 66, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) on dairy cows' willingness to be on pasture was examined. Information for 2 years regarding weather, milk production, and time for voluntarily passing a gate between the barn and pasture of cows milked with an automatic milking system was studied. When the THI exceeded 72 during the day, more cows spent time on pasture compared to when the THI was less than 72 (27.0% vs. 19.2% of cows on pasture, respectively). However, the time of day influenced the proportion of cows on pasture, and when the THI exceeded 72, more cows were on pasture at night and less during the afternoon compared to days when the THI was less than 72. In conclusion, even under Swedish conditions, THI might have an effect on cows' behaviour. However, when the cows have free access to roughage and pasture, an increased THI does not affect milk production.
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| 30. |
- Nyberg, Gert, et al.
(författare)
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Enclosures in West Pokot, Kenya: Transforming land, livestock and livelihoods in drylands
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pastoralism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-7136 .- 2041-7128. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding of the ongoing transition towards intensified agro-pastoralist production systems in dryland East Africa.Key to this transformation was the use of enclosures for land rehabilitation, fodder production, and land and livestock management. Enclosures have more soil carbon and a higher vegetation cover than adjacent areas with open grazing. The level of adoption of enclosures as a management tool has been very high, and their use has enabled agricultural diversification, e.g. increased crop agriculture, poultry production and the inclusion of improved livestock. Following the use of enclosures, livelihoods have become less dependent on livestock migration, are increasingly directed towards agribusinesses and present new opportunities and constraints for women. These livelihood changes are closely associated with, and depend on, an ongoing privatization of land under different tenure regimes.The results indicate that the observed transformation provides opportunities for a pathway towards a sustainable livestock-based agro-pastoral system that could be valid in many dryland areas in East Africa. However, we also show that emergent risks of conflicts and inequalities in relation to land, triggered by the weakening of collective property rights, pose a threat to the sustainability of this pathway.
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| 31. |
- Peetz Nielsen, Per, et al.
(författare)
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How Does the Provision of Shade during Grazing Affect Heat Stress Experienced by Dairy Cows in Sweden?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 2076-2615. ; 13:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat stress in dairy cows can cause an increase in body temperature and respiration rate, and a decreased feed intake leading to reduced production. Dairy cows are better at handling heat when they have access to shade. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of providing shade to high-yielding dairy cattle during the summer in the Swedish climate. Twenty high-yielding Swedish Red dairy cows, held on pasture, were divided into two groups, one with access to shade (S) and one without (NS). Milk production was recorded daily and shade temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 10 min intervals at pasture. A major effect of heat stress was found in cows in early lactation in the NS group. In this group, a high mean temperature two days before and a high THI two days before affected the milk production negatively (p < 0.001), which was the same for the maximum temperature and maximum THI measured on the same day (p < 0.001). Increases in the mean temperature and THI two days before also affected milk production negatively (p < 0.05) for cows in early lactation in the S group, though to a lesser extent. This study suggests that dairy cows in early lactation benefit from access to shade during summer.
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| 32. |
- Phan Thu Hang, Bui, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the developing gut microbiota in young dairy calves - impact of colostrum microbiota and gut disturbances
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize the colostrum and fecal microbiota in calves and to investigate whether fecal microbiota composition was related to colostrum microbiota or factors associated with calf health. Colostrum samples were collected in buckets after hand milking of 76 calving cows from 38 smallholder dairy farms. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum of 76 calves at birth and at 14 days age. The bacterial community structure in colostrum and feces was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for all samples, and the microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for a subset of the samples (8 colostrum, 40 fecal samples). There was a significant difference in fecal microbiota composition between day 0 and day 14 samples, but no associations between the microbiota and average daily gain, birth weight, or transfer of passive immunity. At 14 days of age, Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus were prevalent in higher relative abundances in the gut of healthy calves compared to calves with diarrhea that had been treated with antimicrobials. Colostrum showed great variation in composition of microbiota but no association to fecal microbiota. This study provides the first insights into the composition of colostrum and fecal microbiota of young dairy calves in southern Vietnam and can form the basis for future more detailed studies.
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| 33. |
- Phan Thu Hang, Bui, et al.
(författare)
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Colostrum quality, IgG absorption and daily weight gain of calves in small-scale dairy production systems in Southern Vietnam
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 49, s. 1143-1147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dairy production is expanding rapidly in Vietnam, but still, the smallholder farms are most common. The aim of this study was therefore to get improved knowledge about colostrum quality in dairy cows, immunoglobulin G (IgG) absorption, daily weight gain in dairy calves and calf management in small-scale dairy production systems in Southern Vietnam. A field survey was conducted on 40 farms, with two calves on each farm being intensively studied. It was observed that newborn calves were separated from their dams immediately after birth and offered 2-4 L first colostrum within 4 h by bucket feeding. The first colostrum IgG level, fat and protein content were on average 35.6, 4.8 and 21.4%, respectively, and 91% of the cows produced colostrum of good quality (Brix value > 22%). The IgG level in serum of calves, measured as Brix value, was on average 9.3%. Colostrum in the samples studied was of quite high quality and on-farm observations showed that colostrum was offered on the first day of calf life, so passive transfer of immunity to the calves was high. In total, 10% of the calves had a Brix value for IgG in serum lower than 8.3%, indicating that those calves had suffered from failure of passive immune transfer (FPT). The daily weight gain of female and male calves was 0.75 and 0.54 kg, respectively. Serum IgG was positively correlated with colostrum protein (P = 0.002). Daily weight gain and diarrhoea was negatively correlated (P = 0.001).
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| 34. |
- Ruvuga, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility and growth performance in goats fed grass-based diet (Brachiaria or Cenchrus) compared with a concentrate-based diet
- 2022
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Ingår i: African Journal of Agricultural Research. - 1991-637X. ; 18, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI) and growth performance of concentrate- and forage-based diets were investigated using 24 growing Blended goats (12 males, 12 females) weighing 16.5±1.2 kg (mean±sd). Goats were blocked by sex and assigned randomly to three dietary treatments that were fed for 10 weeks, after two weeks of adaptation. Dietary treatments were MRG (40% maize bran, 40% rice bran, 20% Gliricidia leaf meal), BG (80% Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, 20% Gliricidia leaf meal) and CG (80% Cenchrus ciliaris, 20% Gliricidia leaf meal). All diets contained sufficient nutrients to meet the requirements of growing goats. The MRG diet had lower DMI than CG, likely because MRG had small particle size and goats adapted slowly to that diet. Average daily weight gain was 10.7, 9.9 and 22.8 g/day for MRG, BG, and CG respectively, and did not differ among the diets. Goats fed MRG had lower overall live weight change than goats fed CG, while goats fed BG were intermediate. These findings indicate that B. brizantha cv. Piatã and C. ciliaris are equally useful as supplementary feedstuffs for growing goats during the dry season.
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| 35. |
- Ruvuga, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of rangeland condition in miombo woodlands in eastern Tanzania in relation to season and distance from settlements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Miombo woodlands sustainability in east and south-central Africa is threatened by human activities, including overgrazing. This study investigated seasonal variations in rangeland condition in three grazed areas in miombo woodlands in eastern Tanzania. Transect lines were established across the grazing areas, sampling points were identified and marked at every 10% of the length of transect line. Sampling points were categorised in different distances with respect to settlement. The line intercept method was used to collect data on vegetation cover and forage distribution, while herbaceous forage biomass was estimated using a disc pasture meter. A total of 118 different plant species were observed and grasses comprised 40.6% of all herbaceous species. Bothriochloa pertusa, Cynodon plectostachyus, Hyparrhenia rufa and Urochloa mosambicensis grass species dominated miombo grazed areas in various seasons and distances. These perennial grass species are desirable and indicated moderate grazing activities in miombo. Season affected grass cover, herbaceous forage biomass and nutritional composition. Grass cover and forage biomass were at the lowest during late dry season while forage nutritional quality was best during early dry season. Distance from settlement had no effect on grass cover and herbaceous forage biomass. Rangeland condition was generally fair, livestock stocking rate in continuously grazed drylands should be set at the lowest monthly forage biomass in order to ensure grazing land sustainability.
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| 36. |
- Ruvuga, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Indigenous Rangeland and Livestock Management Among Pastoralists and Agro-pastoralists in Miombo Woodlands, Eastern Tanzania
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rangeland Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-7424 .- 1551-5028. ; 73, s. 313-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indigenous rangeland management practices, forage quality and availability, and livestock production by pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in miombo woodlands were investigated in a study conducted in Kilosa district, Tanzania. The study methods comprised household interviews, key informant and focus group discussions, and forage laboratory analyses. Preferred forage species and indigenous rangeland and livestock management practices among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in miombo woodlands were identified, and the nutrient content of the forages was determined. In general, rangeland management in the study area faces challenges such as unclear or disputed land tenure regime and lack of technical knowledge. Moreover, the nutritional value of some native forage species identified in miombo was found to be too low to meet the nutrient requirements of livestock. Livestock in miombo contribute greatly to household livelihoods and food security, but forage scarcity was identified as a limiting factor. Overall, it was concluded that rangeland improvement practices are poor or nonexistent in allocated grazing areas in Kilosa's miombo woodlands. (C) 2019 The Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Spörndly, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of adaptation strategies when feeding fresh cassava foliage on intake and physiological responses of lambs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 44, s. 267-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the experiment was to study different adaptation strategies to avoid HCN intoxication when feeding fresh cassava foliage to sheep. Twenty-four Phan Rang lambs (initial weight=19.6 kg at 5.5 months of age) were used in the study. The four experimental diets contained guinea grass (Panicum maximum) supplemented with concentrate at 1.5% of body weight (BW) as dry matter (DM) (control) or supplemented with fresh cassava foliage (FCF) that was introduced into the diet with an adaptation period of 0 (FCF-0), 7 (FCF-7) or 21 (FCF-21) days before reaching the target feeding level of 2% of BW. The average intake of FCF expressed as DM was not different amongst the supplemented treatments and ranged from 1.4 to 1.5% of BW but gradually increased during the first 7 days without any adaptation. The hydrogen cyanide consumed varied from 5.1 to 5.4 mg/kg BW and no difference between treatments with cassava foliage in the diet was found. The live weight gain was significantly higher in the treatments control and FCF-7 compared to FCF-21. No significant differences in heart rate, respiration rate and rumen movement were found between diets. The thiocyanate concentration in the urine of the lambs increased concomitantly with the increase in fresh cassava foliage offered during the first part of the experiment. In conclusion, an adaptation period of approximately 7 days seems to be favourable in combined diets where cassava foliage is offered in quantities up to 2% of BW. This level of intake could enhance the intake and LWG of the lambs without any documented effects on heart rate, respiration rate or rumen movements.
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| 38. |
- Tibezinda, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Feed resource utilization and dairy cattle productivity in the agro-pastoral system of South Western Uganda
- 2016
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Ingår i: African Journal of Agricultural Research. - 1991-637X. ; 11, s. 2957 - 2967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cross-sectional study was carried out in six sub-countiesof Kiruhura district, South Western Uganda with the aim of assessing feed resource utilisation and dairy cattle productivity. Individual interviews using a semi structured questionnaire were conducted in seventy five households. The meanland holding, grazing land and cultivated land were 74, 70 and 2 ha, respectively. Majority(61%)of the farms kept Ankole ×Friesian crossbred cattle and the average daily milk production per cow per day for low grade and high grade crossbred cows was 5.4±1.3 and 7.4±2.6 L, respectively.The mean in months for age at first calving (AFC) was 30.7±9.8 and 25.9±4.9, calving interval (CI) was 12.6±3.2 and 11.4±1.1, and open period 3.5±2.7 and 2.3±1.2 for low grade and high grade cross bred cattle, respectively. A few farms (7%) maintained a constant herd size from the previous two years, while (67%) registered decreases in herd size and 27% increased their herd size. Natural pastures were the major feed resource throughout the year for all households and the majority (71%) did not provide any feed supplement during dry season or conserve the excess pasture produced in the rainy season. The average stocking rate was 1.4 ± 0.98 TLU/ha which was high and this was aggravated by increasing use of land for cultivation. The use of crop residues and agro-industrial by products was low. The average annual dry matter productionon farms meets only 83% of the annual dry matter requirements for an average herd. The major constraints to livestock production were the high costs incurred in disease prevention and treatment (62%), feed shortage (40%) and drought related challenges (31%). It was concluded that feed availability could be improved by equipping the farmers with feed resource management techniques such as improved management of grazing lands, conservation of pastures in the form of hay, and proper utilization of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products, through training and provision of dedicated extension services.
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| 39. |
- Wredle, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding and Manual Brushing Influence the Release of Oxytocin, ACTH and Cortisol Differently During Milking in Dairy Cows
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThis study aimed to examine the effects of feeding or abdominal brushing on the release of the hormones oxytocin, ACTH and cortisol during milking in dairy cows. MethodsTwelve cows in early lactation were used (2 x 2 factorial experimental design), testing the effects of two types of sensory stimulation during milking over a 3 day period; feeding concentrate or manual abdominal brushing (1 stroke/s). Blood samples for hormone analyses were collected at time at -15, -1, 0 (onset of cluster), every min for 8 min, at 10, 12, 14, 16, 30, and 60 min. Hormone levels were assayed and AUC was calculated. ResultsMilking was associated with an immediate and significant rise of oxytocin. When milking was combined with feeding, significantly higher levels of oxytocin were observed at 2 and 4 mins (p < 0.05). No effect of brushing on oxytocin levels was observed. Milking alone was associated with a significant rise of ACTH levels. Feeding in connection with milking reduced the immediate rise of ACTH levels (p < 0.05) and AUC (p < 0.02), whereas no effects of brushing were found. Milking caused a progressive rise of cortisol levels. Concomitant feeding did not influence cortisol levels, whereas brushing significantly decreased cortisol levels at 1, 5 and 14 mins after onset of milking (p < 0.05). ConclusionFeeding increases oxytocin release in response to milking and decreases ACTH levels. Abdominal brushing did not influence these variables, but decreased cortisol levels. These data demonstrate that activation of afferent vagal nerve fibres and of cutaneous sensory nerves originating from the abdominal skin in front of the udder influence milking related hormone release differently.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Wredle, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Smallholder dairy production in Southern Vietnam: Production, management and milk quality problems
- 2010
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Ingår i: African Journal of Agricultural Research. - 1991-637X. ; 5, s. 2668-2675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the prerequisites for dairy production at smallholder farms in Southern Vietnam and to identify the strengths and weaknesses in management at farm level. Data on milk production, management routines and heat stress were collected during farmer interviews and field observations on 120 smallholder dairy farms. Individual milk samples were taken from 360 cows. The average herd contained 12 animals (ranging from 2 to 17), dominated by lactating cows. The main dairy breeds were Holstein Friesian crossbreeds, mostly at F2, F3 and F4. The mean Temperature-Humidity Index was 81 (range 75 to 97) in the morning and 85 (range 72 to 104) in the afternoon and the mean respiration rates for cows were 54 (range 30 to 102) and 70 (range 35 to 116) breaths per minute, with mean rectal temperatures of 38.8 degrees C (range 38 to 39) and 39.3 degrees C (range 38.3 - 40.9). The milk somatic cell count (SCC) was high in all farms, averaging 1, 300, 000 cells/mL. The strength of the dairy producers was their willingness for further education, as 80% of the farmers attended training courses, while poor udder health and heat stress were the most pronounced problems.
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| 42. |
- Wredle, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of pasture turnout on milk somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and milk composition in cows housed in tie stalls
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 64, s. 226-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated milk somatic cell count (SCC), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and milk composition in dairy cows, which were kept in tie stalls, during the first days after pasture turnout. Thirty-five cows of the Swedish Red Breed, free of clinical signs of mastitis and with a geometric mean of SCC 67 x 10(3) cells/mL, were turned out to pasture after the morning milking on day 0 and then monitored for the next five days on pasture. Samples of cow composite milk were taken at every milking and analysed for SCC, PMN percentage of the total SCC and milk composition. There was a marked increase in both PMN proportion and SCC with the highest SCC value during the study recorded at the evening milking on day 0. The highest value in morning milk was observed on day 1. Milk SCC values in evening and morning milk declined after day 0 and day 1, respectively, but remained on a higher level compared with before turnout to pasture. Milk composition was only slightly altered. Since the changes in SCC and milk composition were of low magnitude, although statistically significant, these effects of pasture turnout can be considered as of minor importance for the milk quality.
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| 43. |
- Åkerstedt, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Protein degradation in bovine milk caused by Streptococcus agalactiae
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Research. - 0022-0299 .- 1469-7629. ; 79, s. 297-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus (Str.) agalactiae is a contagious mastitis bacterium, often associated with cases of subclinical mastitis. Different mastitis bacteria have been evaluated previously from a diagnostic point of view, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning their effect on milk composition. Protein composition is important in achieving optimal yield and texture when milk is processed to fermented products, such as cheese and yoghurt, and is thus of great economic value. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate protein degradation mainly caused by exogenous proteases originating from naturally occurring Str. agalactiae. The samples were incubated at 37 degrees C to imitate degradation caused by the bacteria in the udder. Protein degradation caused by different strains of Str. agalactiae was also investigated. Protein degradation was observed to occur when Str. agalactiae was added to milk, but there were variations between strains of the bacteria. Caseins, the most economically important proteins in milk, were degraded up to 75% in milk inoculated with Str. agalactiae in relation to sterile ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, used as control milk. The major whey proteins, a-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, were degraded up to 21% in relation to the sterile control milk. These results suggest that different mastitis bacteria but also different strains of mastitis bacteria should be evaluated from a milk quality perspective to gain knowledge about their ability to degrade the economically important proteins in milk.
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| 44. |
- Öborn, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Restoring rangelands for nutrition and health for humans and livestock
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drylands cover 40% of the global land area and host 2 billion people, of which 90% live in low- or middleincome countries. Drylands often face severe land degradation, low agricultural productivity, rapid population growth, widespread poverty, and poor health. Governance structures and institutions are often eroded. Livestock-based livelihoods, largely depending on seasonal migration are common. Pastoralist communities and their land are highly vulnerable to climate shocks, while there are also changes in land tenure, insecurity/conflicts and rapid infrastructure development. Drylands Transform is an interdisciplinary research project revolving around the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The project aim is to contribute new knowledge to a transformative change and sustainable development of drylands in East Africa to help escape the ongoing negative spiral of land, livestock and livelihood degradation. We investigate the links between land health, livelihoods, human well-being, and land management and governance with several study sites along the Kenya-Uganda border. Through strong stakeholder engagement we will explore challenges and pathways towards a social-ecological transformation in these drylands. The entry point is the urgent need to identify and enhance synergies between food and nutrition security (SDG2), land and ecosystem health (SDG15) and governance and justice (SDG16) for sustainable dryland development, aiming to improve health and equity (SDGs 3 and 5), while minimizing trade-offs between agricultural productivity, natural resources management and climate change. We are using innovative field research approaches focusing on livelihood improvement through rangeland (grazing areas) restoration and governance interventions. We will present results from the initial work to assess land health using the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework and explore the links with human health and well-being through household survey data. We will also show how we will co-develop sustainable dryland management options (e.g., field experiments with fodder grasses and shrubs) with local communities and set-up knowledge sharing hubs.
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| 45. |
- Östensson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Management Factors Influencing Milk Somatic Cell Count and Udder Infection Rate in Smallholder Dairy Cow Herds in Southern Vietnam
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal Of Animal And Veterinary Advances. - : Medwell Publications. - 1680-5593. ; 10, s. 847-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was conducted to investigate management factors influencing milk Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and udder infection rate in lactating cows housed at smallholder farms in Southern Vietnam. In total 115 lactating cows at 20 farms were included in the study. Management and milking routines were registered and quarter milk samples were taken for analysis of SCC and bacterial species. Watering routine was found to significantly influence herd milk SCC (p = 0.008) and the method of teat cup cleaning showed a tendency to influence herd milk SCC (p = 0.078). Streptococcus agalactiae was the most common bacteria species in all management groups. Cleaning teat cups with detergent at every milking was a routine observed to be associated with lower infection rate of Streptococcus agalactiae. The results of this study show the presence of several in-adequate management and hygienic practices associated with high SCC which if improved could lead to improved udder health and subsequently higher milk yield.
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| 46. |
- Östensson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and isolated udder pathogens in dairy cows in Southern Vietnam
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 45, s. 979-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dairy production is not traditional in Vietnam. The farmers have little practical knowledge and udder health control is generally lacking. In order to give the farmers appropriate advice, knowledge about the distribution of udder pathogens is crucial. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and to identify udder pathogens isolated from smallholder dairy herds in Southern Vietnam. Twenty farms with a herd somatic cell count (SCC) ranging from low (a parts per thousand currency sign400 x 10(3) cells/mL) to high (> 400 x 10(3) cells/mL) were randomly selected. Milk samples were collected from 458 quarters of 115 clinically healthy cows. SCC was analyzed on farm by a portable cell counter. Bacteriological samples were taken using Mastistrip(A (c)) cassettes and sent to Sweden for examination. For all herds the mean herd SCC was 632 x 10(3)/mL milk. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at quarter SCC basis was 63.2 % and at cow basis 88.6 %. Only 40 % of all cows were bacteriologically negative in all quarters. Streptococcus agalactiae was the most commonly found bacteria species, isolated from 96 of the 458 quarter samples, in 13 of the 20 farms. The results indicate pronounced subclinical mastitis problems among the dairy cows in this region mainly due to infections with S. agalactiae. The high prevalence of this highly contagious pathogen is probably attributable to the generally poor milking hygiene and low awareness of proper measures to prevent occurrence and spread of udder infections. A strict, targeted action program for the herds in this area is required in order to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis.
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