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Sökning: WFRF:(Wu Zan)

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1.
  • Gu, Huaduo, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis, modeling and simulations of an innovative sliding vane rotary compressor with a rotating cylinder
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904. ; 230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel sliding vane rotary compressor with a rotating cylinder is proposed in this paper. The sliding vane dynamics analysis reveals that, compared with the traditional compressor, the friction loss at the sliding vane tips and between rotor and cylinder can be reduced to 0.25% and 10.23%. To numerically investigate the internal flow mechanism, a reliable three-dimensional simulation method is developed via Fluent 2020R1. Three pressure ratios are considered. During transient calculations, all parameters begin to fluctuate periodically after the fourth round. Both temperature and pressure for a single chamber reach the maximum near the exhaust port. As the pressure ratio εp increases from 5, 10 to 15, the outlet temperature increases from 496.9, 623.0 to 754.4 K and the mass flow rate decreases from 0.03089, 0.02946 to 0.02764 kg/s, the volumetric efficiency and isentropic compression efficiency decrease, with the maximum values of 97.14% and 90.33%. The gaps between the rotor and the cylinder and at the vane tips are 0.03 and 0.01 mm, but the leakage mass of the former is one order higher than that of the latter. The research can provide guidance for the design and practical application of sliding vane rotary compressors.
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2.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental study on heat transfer of nanofluids in a vertical tube at supercritical pressures
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1933. ; 63, s. 54-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regenerative cooling system at supercritical conditions can accommodate high heat fluxes effectively in aerospace applications. The potential of nanofluids as regenerative coolants at supercritical pressures was evaluated in this work. Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3-kerosene nanofluids flowing upward in a vertical minitube at supercritical pressures. Parametric effects of mass flow rate, heat flux, pressure and particle content on the heat transfer performance are presented. Results show that increasing the mass flow rate or pressure enhances heat transfer, while higher heat fluxes lead to poorer heat transfer performance. Nanofluids tend to deteriorate heat transfer at supercritical pressures because deposition of the nanopartides smoothens the wall roughness and presents an additional thermal resistance. As the particle content increases, the heat transfer performance becomes worse. Based on the experimental data, a heat transfer correlation was established for Al2O3-kerosene nanofluids at supercritical pressures and the correlation shows good predictive ability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • Wu, Zan, et al. (författare)
  • Convective vaporization in micro-fin tubes of different geometries
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2286 .- 0894-1777. ; 44, s. 398-408
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An experimental investigation was performed for convective vaporization of R22 and R410A inside one smooth tube and five micro-fin tubes with the same outer diameter of 5 mm. Data are for mass fluxes ranging from 100 to 620 kg/m2 s at 279 K saturation temperature. The results suggest that the tube with fin height of 0.15 mm, apex angle of 25° and 38° starts has the best thermal performance for convective vaporization when mass velocity is less than 400 kg/m2 s, while the tube with fin height of 0.12 mm, apex angle of 25° and 58° starts has the best heat transfer performance at larger mass velocities, which is probably due to the relative size between fin height and liquid film thickness. Considering the effects of micro-fin on flow boiling, a new general semi-empirical model has been developed based on the present data and recent data from literature. The new model is applicable for intermittent and annular flow patterns, covering different fluids, nominal diameters from 2.1 to 14.8 mm, mass fluxes from 100 to 650 kg/m2 s, heat fluxes based on the total inner surface area from 0 to 30 kW/m2, and reduced pressure from 0.08 to 0.69. The model predicts the parametric trends correctly and the average and local heat transfer coefficients accurately. The heat transfer mechanism can also be observed clearly by the new model.
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4.
  • Yang, Yanjie, et al. (författare)
  • Transport dynamics of droplet impact on the wedge-patterned biphilic surface
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0894-1777 .- 1879-2286. ; 113
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Droplet impact on biphilic surfaces with a wettability contrast has been intensively studied in recent years. In this work the effects of tilting and apex angles on droplet transport dynamics after impacting on a wedge-patterned biphilic surface at low Weber numbers were investigated experimentally. The biphilic surface was fabricated by applying a hydrophobic polymer coating on a bare silicon surface. According to the experimental results, a larger apex angle below 67.4° can accelerate the droplet effectively at first. Then the friction force controls the droplet movement and reduces the speed. The tilting angle along the hydrophilic direction activates the droplet. If the gravity component is opposite to the hydrophilic direction and the tilting angle is over 15°, the droplet can hardly move toward the hydrophilic area. By modeling the hydrodynamics of the droplet movement after impact on a biphilic surface with assumptions of no evaporation, no Marangoni effect, negligible dynamic contact angle variation and negligible rotation effect, the surface tension values versus the position at different apex angles are derived. The predicted position versus time trends agree well with the experimental data. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of droplet hydrodynamics on wedge-patterned biphilic surfaces at low Weber numbers.
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5.
  • Abbood, Sahar A., et al. (författare)
  • Numerical study of natural convection for cu and tio 2 nanofluids inside different enclosures
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of CHT-17 ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer, 2017. - 9781567004618 ; , s. 1403-1418, s. 1403-1418
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, steady-state laminar natural convection of Cu and TiO 2 nanofluids inside different enclosures is numerically investigated. Natural convection is concerned due to a temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces. The Boussinesq approximation is used to form the governing equations and the commercial software package ANSYS Fluent version 14.0 is used to numerically solve the governing equations. The temperature profiles and flow patterns at different Rayleigh numbers, i.e., 10 4 , 10 5 and 10 6 are studied and compared for the different curved geometries which are 1/8, 2/8 and 3/8 from the height of the enclosure. Heat transfer coefficients are presented for the enclosures with different nanofluid concentrations. The nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement increases with increasing nanoparticle concentrations. A new curved enclosure is suggested to augment heat transfer.
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6.
  • Abbood, Sahar A., et al. (författare)
  • Thermal assessment for prostheses : State-of-the-art review
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements. - 2046-0546. ; 5:1, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hundreds of young people have had limbs amputated after being wounded by civil wars, explosions or gunshots. Heat and perspiration within a prosthetic socket are the most common side effects of reduced quality life for prosthesis. Besides, the environment between liner and skin is an ideal host of residual limb skin problems such as contact dermatitis and bacterial infections. It is important to minimize the limiting heat transfer to improve amputee safety and comfort. Usually, when there is a skin problem, the treatment requires the amputee not to wear his/her prosthesis for an extended period of time. This functional loss can adversely affect the amputee’s physical, mental and emotional well-being. This work aims to highlight a number of important issues concerning the effect of thermal conditions on prosthetics to shed light on new design methods for prosthetics.
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7.
  • Abdul Fattah Abood, Sahar, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of natural convection of Cu and TiO2nanofluids inside nonconventional enclosures
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer. - 1563-5074. ; 25:4-5, s. 315-332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Steady-state laminar natural convection of Cu and TiO2 nanofluids inside different enclosures is numerically investigated. Natural convection is concerned due to a temperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces. The Boussinesq approximation is used to form the governing equations and the commercial software package ANSYS FLUENT version 14.0 is used to numerically solve the governing equations. The temperature profiles and flow patterns at different Rayleigh numbers, i.e., 104, 105and 106 are studied and compared for different curved geometries which are 1/8, 2/8 and 3/8 of the height of the enclosure. Heat transfer coefficients are presented for enclosures with different nanofluid concentrations. The nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement increases with increasing nanoparticle concentrations. A new curved enclosure is suggested to augment heat transfer.
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8.
  • Abdul Fattah Abood, Sahar, et al. (författare)
  • Numerical study of natural convection for Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids inside different enclosures
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: ; , s. 1-4
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study steady-state natural convection for Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids inside different enclosures are numerically investigated. Natural convection is concerned due to a temperature difference between hot and cold surfaces. Rectangular and curved enclosures are investigated. The Boussinesq approximation is used to form the governing equations and the commercial software package ANSYS Fluent version 14.0 is used to numerically solve the governing equations. The temperature profiles and flow patterns for different cases are studied. Heat transfer coefficients for various Rayleigh numbers are presented for the enclosures with different nanofluid concentrations. The nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement increases with increase in nanoparticle concentration. A new curved enclosure is suggested to provide highest heat transfer.
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9.
  • Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • A Review of Cell-Scale Multiphase Flow Modelling, including Water Management, in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 180, s. 757-778
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PEFC has emerged as the most viable fuel cell type for automotive and some portable applications, and also has potential back-up power unit applications due to its low operating temperature, comparative simplicity of construction, high power density, and ease of operation. In spite of tremendous scientific advances, as well as engineering progress over the last few decades, the commercialization of PEFCs remains unrealized, owing primarily to economic viability associated with the high prices of materials and components and technical problems relating primarily to water management. The difficulty in addressing the water management issues lies mostly in the two-phase multi-component flow involving phase-change in porous media, coupled heat and mass transfer, interactions between the porous layers and gas channel (GC) and the complex relationship between water content and cell performance. Due to the low temperature of operation, water generated by the electrochemical reactions often condenses into liquid form, potentially flooding the gas diffusion layer (GDL), GC or other components. Insight into the fundamental processes of liquid water evolution and transport is still lacking, preventing further enhanced PEFC development.The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to PEFC modeling inside GCs and GDLs, with a focus on two-phase flow and related phase-change and transport processes. Relevant momentum, mass and heat transport processes are introduced and the microstructural effects on the transport processes inside the porous GDL are extensively discussed.The selection of a computational approach, for the two-phase flow within a GDL or GC, for example, should be based on the computational resources available, concerns about time and scale (microscale, cell scale, stack scale or system scale), as well as accuracy requirements. One important feature, included in some computational approaches, is the possibility to track the front between the liquid and the gas phases. To build a PEFC model, one must make a large number of assumptions. Some assumptions have a negligible effect on the results and reliability of the model. However, other assumptions may significantly affect the result. It is strongly recommended in any modeling paper to clearly state the assumptions being implemented, for others to be able to judge the work.It is important to note that a large fraction of the expressions that presently are used to describe the transport processes inside PEFC GDLs were originally developed to describe significantly different systems, such as sand or rocks. Moreover, the flow pattern maps and pressure drop correlations of two phase flow in micro channels may not be applicable for GCs due to one side wall being porous, with the resulting interaction between the GDL and GC.
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10.
  • Bernhardsson, Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Development of a highly efficient 50K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array for the large and complex genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) by whole genome resequencing and its transferability to other spruce species
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 21:3, s. 880-896
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) is one of the most important forest tree species with significant economic and ecological impact in Europe. For decades, genomic and genetic studies on Norway spruce have been challenging due to the large and repetitive genome (19.6 Gb with more than 70% being repetitive). To accelerate genomic studies, including population genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), in Norway spruce and related species, we here report on the design and performance of a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array for Norway spruce. The array is developed based on whole genome resequencing (WGS), making it the first WGS-based SNP array in any conifer species so far. After identifying SNPs using genome resequencing data from 29 trees collected in northern Europe, we adopted a two-step approach to design the array. First, we built a 450K screening array and used this to genotype a population of 480 trees sampled from both natural and breeding populations across the Norway spruce distribution range. These samples were then used to select high-confidence probes that were put on the final 50K array. The SNPs selected are distributed over 45,552 scaffolds from the P. abies version 1.0 genome assembly and target 19,954 unique gene models with an even coverage of the 12 linkage groups in Norway spruce. We show that the array has a 99.5% probe specificity, >98% Mendelian allelic inheritance concordance, an average sample call rate of 96.30% and an SNP call rate of 98.90% in family trios and haploid tissues. We also observed that 23,797 probes (50%) could be identified with high confidence in three other spruce species (white spruce [Picea glauca], black spruce [P. mariana] and Sitka spruce [P. sitchensis]). The high-quality genotyping array will be a valuable resource for genetic and genomic studies in Norway spruce as well as in other conifer species of the same genus.
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11.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • An analysis of pool boiling heat transfer on nanoparticle-coated surfaces
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 159, s. 5880-5887
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present study, copper surfaces were deposited with Cu-Zinc nanoparticles of 0.6 mg by an electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Two deposition patterns were designed, i.e., fully deposition (EPD-F) and channel-pattern deposition (EPD-C). In the channel-pattern deposition, the smooth channel and the deposition channel occur alternatively, by keeping the width of the smooth channel as 3 mm, but the width of the deposition channel as 1 mm (EPD-C1) and 3 mm (EPD-C2), respectively. Pool boiling of HFE-7200 was studied on a smooth surface and the nanoparticle-coating surfaces. The results showed that the surface with fully deposition (EPD-F) had the highest heat transfer coefficient, around 100% enhancement compared with the smooth surface, while the surface with channel-pattern deposition (EPD-C2) had the highest critical heat flux, around 33.3% enhancement in comparison to the smooth surface. A high speed camera was used to study bubble dynamics, which indicated that the nanoparticle-coating surfaces had smaller bubble departure diameters and higher departure frequencies. A heat transfer model, considering natural convection, re-formation of thermal boundary layer and microlayer evaporation, was formulated to predict the heat transfer on the test surfaces, showing good prediction at low and moderate heat fluxes. CHF was analyzed from the perspective of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
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12.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Bubble dynamics and mechanistic boiling heat transfer prediction on a scored copper surface
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 2116
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, pool boiling heat transfer of de-ionized water was experimentally studied on a scored copper surface at a heat-flux range of 0 - 60 W/cm2. Bubble dynamics in an isolated bubble region were carefully investigated, including bubble departure diameters, bubble departure frequencies, and active nucleation site densities. The bubble dynamics were compared with available models, indicating the suitable models regarding the present experimental results. Then, based on the bubble dynamics, a mechanistic heat transfer model, developed in our previous studies, was employed to predict the present boiling curve. In the mechanistic model, heat fluxes from natural convection, transient heat conduction, and microlayer evaporation were incorporated.
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13.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Coating engineering for boiling heat transfer toward immersion cooling
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Advances in Heat Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0065-2717.
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the technological advancements in electronics, thermal management is becoming a concern that considerably affects the performance of electronic parts and systems, and two-phase immersion cooling is attracting attention due to its preferable cooling capacity. In immersion cooling, heat is dissipated by boiling that occurs on hot surfaces immersed in coolants. Therefore, it is essential to investigate boiling towards the realization and optimization of immersion cooling. Extensive studies have been carried out in terms of boiling heat transfer, e.g., bubble dynamics, heat transfer mechanisms, and critical heat flux, which convincingly indicate that boiling heat transfer greatly depends on surface characteristics and liquid properties as well as interactions between surfaces and liquids. As a consequence, many technologies have been applied to tailor-made or engineered surfaces to achieve an enhancement in boiling. Accordingly, this chapter will concentrate on technologies that produce thin film coatings on target surfaces, like CPU and memories in electronics, enabling high-efficient boiling performance and having good compatibility with electronics. Specifically, the chapter will be organized mainly with the following sections: introduction, fundamentals of boiling, coating technologies for boiling enhancement, and exploration of the enhancement mechanism. Through this work, it is expected to provide general insights into boiling heat transfer and give suggestions regarding the future directions of boiling heat transfer research.
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14.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Dimensionless analysis on liquid-liquid flow patterns and scaling law on slug hydrodynamics in cross-junction microchannels
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 344, s. 604-615
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liquid-liquid flow patterns and slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in non-circular glass microchannels with water-butanol, water-toluene, water–oil and water-hexane systems, considering various hydraulic diameters (600 µm, 400 µm, 200 µm), inlet junctions (crossed, T) and aspect ratios (0.5, 1). The aqueous phase was the continuous phase due to the hydrophilic microchannel walls and the organic phase was the dispersed phase. Three main flow patterns were observed, i.e., annular flow, slug flow and droplet flow. The mechanism of flow pattern formation was explained by a force analysis, based on which, a dimensionless analysis regarding Weber number and Reynolds number was performed to develop general flow pattern transition criteria. Additionally, slug velocities and slug length were investigated. A new scaling law was proposed to predict the slug length and it showed a good agreement with the experimental results. A linear relationship between the slug velocity and the bulk velocity of the two phases was obtained.
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15.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Electrophoretic deposition surfaces to enhance HFE-7200 pool boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Thermal Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1290-0729. ; 146
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Modulated nanoparticle-coating surfaces were fabricated by an improved electrophoretic deposition technique in this study. Pool boiling experiments were studied for HFE-7200 on the modulated nanoparticle-coating surfaces, with a smooth surface and uniform coating surfaces as comparison. It was found that the present modulated coating surfaces can enhance the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux by 60% and 20%–40%, respectively, in comparison to the smooth surface, while the uniform coating surface can improve heat transfer coefficients by maximum 100%, but cannot enhance critical heat fluxes. Heat transfer on the modulated nanoparticle-coating surfaces was theoretically analyzed by a mechanistic model which considered free convection, transient conduction and microlayer evaporation. The heat transfer can be predicted by the model, especially at low-to-moderate heat fluxes. Additionally, referring to the bubble visualization at critical heat fluxes, possible mechanisms to trigger critical heat fluxes were discussed. Afterwards, a critical heat flux model originating from the Zuber hydrodynamic instability model, was employed to predict the experimental results, showing a good prediction ability.
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16.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancement of HFE-7200 pool boiling heat transfer on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceeding: International Heat Transfer Conference 16. - 2377-424X. ; , s. 1341-1347
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Saturated pool boiling heat transfer of HFE-7200 is investigated experimentally on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings at atmospheric pressure. The coatings are generated by an electrophoretic deposition method. Two modified surfaces are prepared with Cu-Zinc nanoparticles of 0.3 mg and 0.6 mg, respectively. During the deposition, ethanol works as the solvent while the electrical potential and deposition time are controlled as 9.5 V and 30 min, respectively. The experimental results show heat transfer is considerably enhanced by the nanoparticle coatings. The surface with 0.6 mg nanoparticles (EDS-2) performs better than the surface with 0.3 mg nanoparticles (EDS-1), and a maximum 140% heat transfer enhancement is achieved on the surface EDS-2 compared with the SS. However, the critical heat flux is not enhanced by the coatings but even slightly decreased. A high speed visualization is employed to capture bubble behavior. It is found that bubbles on EDS-1 and EDS-2 have smaller sizes and higher departure frequency than those on the SS before reaching the critical heat flux. However, at critical heat fluxes, a vapor blanket appears on all surfaces.
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17.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancement of HFE-7200 pool boiling heat transfer on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Heat Transfer Conference 16. - Connecticut : Begell House. - 9781567004748 - 9781567004731 ; , s. -1347
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Saturated pool boiling heat transfer of HFE-7200 is investigated experimentally on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings at atmospheric pressure. The coatings are generated by an electrophoretic deposition method. Two modified surfaces are prepared with Cu-Zinc nanoparticles of 0.3 mg and 0.6 mg, respectively. During the deposition, ethanol works as the solvent while the electrical potential and deposition time are controlled as 9.5 V and 30 min, respectively. The experimental results show heat transfer is considerably enhanced by the nanoparticle coatings. The surface with 0.6 mg nanoparticles (EDS-2) performs better than the surface with 0.3 mg nanoparticles (EDS-1), and a maximum 140% heat transfer enhancement is achieved on the surface EDS-2 compared with the SS. However, the critical heat flux is not enhanced by the coatings but even slightly decreased. A high speed visualization is employed to capture bubble behavior. It is found that bubbles on EDS-1 and EDS-2 have smaller sizes and higher departure frequency than those on the SS before reaching the critical heat flux. However, at critical heat fluxes, a vapor blanket appears on all surfaces.
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18.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Heat transfer prediction and critical heat flux mechanism for pool boiling of NOVEC-649 on microporous copper surfaces
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 141, s. 818-834
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pool boiling performance of NOVEC-649 was experimentally studied on microporous surfaces prepared by an electrochemical deposition method. Microporous structures contribute to large surface roughness values and provide large quantities of cavities ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to several microns for bubble nucleation. The results show that a maximum enhancement of 600% in heat transfer coefficient and a maximum enhancement of 55% in critical heat flux are achieved on the deposited surfaces, compared with a smooth copper surface. Experimental heat transfer coefficients were compared with literature correlations, considering the effects of roughness and surface-liquid combination. Then a fitted Rohsenow correlation was discussed and developed to predict the present results. Experimental critical heat fluxes were compared with classical models. It was found that the critical heat flux on the smooth surface could be predicted by the lift-off model and the Kandlikar model, but these models cannot predict the critical heat fluxes on the deposited surfaces well. Following, the Kandlikar model was modified by further considering a wicking force and a roughness-factor-dependent surface tension force. The present modified CHF model was validated by comparing with present experimental data and the literature, with a deviation around ±30%.
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19.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Liquid-liquid flow patterns in microchannels
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Heat Transfer Equipment; Heat Transfer in Multiphase Systems; Heat Transfer Under Extreme Conditions; Nanoscale Transport Phenomena; Theory and Fundamental Research in Heat Transfer; Thermophysical Properties; Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing and Manufacturing. - 9780791857892 ; 2
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present work, liquid-liquid flow patterns positioned 40 mm downstream the inlet of microchannels were experimentally investigated, including the effect of hydraulic diameter (Dh), liquid properties, aspect ratio of cross section (a) and inlet configuration. Deionized water, butanol, toluene and hexane were selected as probe fluids with water as the continuous phase. Cross-inlet microchannels of 200 μm ∗ 200 μm (Dh = 200 μm), 400 μm ∗ 400 μm (Dh = 400 μm), 600 μm ∗ 600 μm (Dh = 600 μm) and 600 μm ∗ 300 μm (Dh = 400 μm) as well as a T-inlet microchannel of 600 μm ∗ 300 μm (Dh = 400 μm) were tested. For the tests in the microchannels of Dh = 600 μm and 400 μm, the superficial velocities of the dispersed phase and continuous phase varied between 0.3 mm/s and 12 mm/s and between 0.2 mm/s and 50 mm/s, while in the microchannel of Dh = 200 μm the superficial velocities of the dispersed phase and continuous phase ranged from 0.3 mm/s to 21 mm/s and from 0.2 mm/s to 150 mm/s. Annular flow, deformed interface flow, slug flow, intermittent flow, droplet and slug train flow and droplet flow were detected in the experiment. It shows that flow patterns depend on the hydraulic diameter, liquid properties, inlet configuration and aspect ratio significantly. Dimensionless analysis was employed to develop universal flow pattern maps regardless of the hydraulic diameter and liquid properties. It is indicated that an acceptable universal flow pattern map was derived based on the redefined dimensionless number Rei 0.2 ∗Wei 0.4, especially for the boundaries of the slug-droplet transitions, which are independent on the hydraulic diameter to some extent. The other dimensionless number Wei∗Ohi worked rather effectively to develop a universal flow pattern map independent on liquid properties. The boundaries of the flow pattern transitions in different liquid-liquid flow almost overlap with each other.
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20.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Model-based assessment of boiling heat transfer enhanced by coatings
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study aims to investigate boiling heat transfer enhancement on coated surfaces, based on mechanistic models. An electrochemical deposition method was used to fabricate coatings on copper surfaces which enhance critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of deionized water by 35.5% and 40.1%, respectively, compared with a smooth surface. Bubble dynamics indicates that regardless of surfaces, scaling laws of Db*∝t*0.5 and Db*∝t*0.2 are followed in the inertia-controlled growth stage and the heat-diffusion-controlled growth stage, respectively, concerning normalized bubble diameter (Db*) and normalized bubble time (t*). The coating decreases the bubble departure diameter to one-third to half of that on the smooth surface and increases the departure frequency to three times that on the smooth surface. In addition, the coated surface provides more active nucleation sites which are 1, 2 order magnitude higher than the smooth surface. With these insights, a mechanistic heat transfer model was established by quantifying natural convection, transient heat conduction, and microlayer evaporation, which matches well with the measured pool boiling curve. In the end, critical heat flux was explored experimentally and theoretically. Inspired by the coalesced bubble behavior at high heat flux and the Kandlikar force model, a new force-balance model was proposed by incorporating a surface-dependent surface tension force and adding a new capillary wicking force. The present model presents a better prediction of critical heat flux, verified by the current measurement and the literature.
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21.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Nanoparticle-Assisted Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Micro-Pin-Fin Surfaces
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 37:3, s. 1089-1101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Boiling heat transfer intensification is of significant relevance to energy conversion and various cooling processes. This study aimed to enhance the saturated pool boiling of FC-72 (a dielectric liquid) by surface modifications and explore mechanisms of the enhancement. Specifically, circular and square micro pin fins were fabricated on silicon surfaces by dry etching and then copper nanoparticles were deposited on the micro-pin-fin surfaces by electrostatic deposition. Experimental results indicated that compared with a smooth surface, the micro pin fins increased the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux by more than 200 and 65–83%, respectively, which were further enhanced by the nanoparticles up to 24% and more than 20%, respectively. Correspondingly, the enhancement mechanism was carefully explored by high-speed bubble visualizations, surface wickability measurements, and model analysis. It was quantitatively found that small bubble departure diameters with high bubble departure frequencies promoted high heat transfer coefficients. The wickability, which characterizes the ability of a liquid to rewet a surface, played an important role in determining the critical heat flux, but further analyses indicated that evaporation beneath bubbles was also essential and competition between the wicking and the evaporation finally triggered the critical heat flux.
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22.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of acetone and HFE7200 on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 158, s. 5872-5879
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nucleate pool boiling performance of two well-wetting liquids, i.e., acetone and HFE7200, on three nanoparticle-coatedsurfaces were experimentally studied and compared with that of the smoothsurface. Electrophoretic deposition was used to fabricate nano-porous surfaces.Surface roughness, static and advancing contact angles, capillarity of the smoothand coated surfaces were characterized. Compared to the smooth surface, thenanoparticle-coated surfaces decreased the wall superheat by more than 50% foracetone and 65% for HFE7200 at the same heat flux level, and accordinglyenhanced the heat transfer coefficient by up to 85% for acetone and up to 200%for HFE7200. Bubble departure diameters were measured and correlated with theadvancing contact angle, the capillary length and the Jacob number. A newmechanistic heat transfer model was proposed based on the heat flux partitionmethod. The advancing contact angle was suggested to be used for calculation ofthe active nucleation site density. Based on the mechanistic model, transientheat conduction on and around nucleation sites over the whole bubble cyclecontributes the most (>70%) to the total heat flux, while microlayerevaporation contributes around 10-30% to the total heat flux, with negligiblenatural convection. The critical heat flux was not enhanced for the twowell-wetting liquids.
  •  
23.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Numerical study on heat transfer enhancement for laminar flow in a tube with mesh conical frustum inserts
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Numerical Heat Transfer; Part A: Applications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-7782 .- 1521-0634. ; 72:1, s. 21-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enhanced heat transfer tubes (EHTT) with segmented mesh-conical frustums are considered. Tube diameter and frustum apex angle are fixed as 20 mm and 60o, respectively. The height ratio of frustum and sliced part are set as a golden ratio (1.618). Laminar thermal-hydraulic performance and effects of some parameters, e.g., bottom frustum diameter and pitch, are numerically simulated. The equal equivalent diameter and total flow area criteria are adopted to simplify 3D mesh pores to 2D ones. Flow and temperature fields show large velocities and gradients close to the wall and smaller velocities in the bulk region. This enhances heat transfer with a limited pressure drop. EHTTs obtain 1.4 - 3.3 times higher heat transfer than bare tubes and the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) varies from 1.3 to 1.8. Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) correlations are proposed. New insights into heat transfer enhancement and tube configuration are provided.
  •  
24.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement of water by gold nanoparticles with an electrophoretic deposition method
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Asme International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2018, vol 8b. - : Amer Soc Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791852125
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Saturated pool boiling heat transfer of water is investigated experimentally on copper surfaces with nanoparticle coatings at atmospheric pressure. The coatings are generated by an electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Three modified surfaces are prepared with gold nanoparticles of 0.20 mg, 0.25 mg and 0.30 mg, respectively. During the deposition, ethanol works as the solvent while the electrical potential and deposition time are controlled as 9.5 V and 30 min, respectively. The experimental results show that heat transfer coefficients (HTC) and critical heat fluxes (CHF) are enhanced on the modified surfaces. HTC increases with decreasing thickness of the coating, while CHF increases with increasing thickness of the coating. CHFs of EPD-0.20 mg, EPD-0.25 mg and EPD-0.30 mg are 93 W/cm2, 123 W/cm2 and 142 W/cm2, respectively, which are increased by 7%, 41% and 63% compared with the smooth surface. EPD-0.20 mg performs the best on heat transfer, with a maximum enhancement of around 60%. At the end, a brief review about mechanistic models of heat transfer at low and moderate heat fluxes is provided, based on which, the reasons why heat transfer is enhanced are discussed.
  •  
25.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Pool boiling heat transfer of FC-72 on pin-fin silicon surfaces with nanoparticle deposition
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 126, s. 1019-1033
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present study, two types of micro-pin–fin configurations were fabricated on silicon surfaces by a dry etching method, i.e., staggered pin fins (#1) and aligned pin fins with empty areas (#2). The micro-pin–fin surfaces were then further modified by depositing FeMn oxide nanoparticles (∼35 nm) electrostatically for 8 h and 16 h, respectively, namely #1-8h, #1-16h, #2-8h and #2-16h. Subcooled pool boiling heat transfer was experimentally studied on these surfaces at atmospheric pressure, using FC-72 as the working fluid. The results showed that in comparison to the smooth surface, pool boiling heat transfer was significantly enhanced by the micro-pin-fin surfaces and the maximum superheat was considerably decreased. Additionally, critical heat fluxes were also greatly improved, e.g., the critical heat flux on #1 was almost twice of that on the smooth surface. Generally, the nanoparticle deposition could further enhance pool boiling heat transfer, including the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux (CHF). High speed visualizations were taken to explore the mechanisms behind the heat transfer performance. The bubble behavior on the micro-pin–fin surfaces with and without nanoparticles was compared at low, moderate and high heat fluxes, respectively. The wickability of FC-72 on the test surfaces was measured, based on which, a modified CHF model was proposed to predict the experimental CHFs. Accordingly, a possible mechanism of CHF enhancement was described.
  •  
26.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Water on Copper Surfaces With Nanoparticles Coating
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. - 9780791858431 ; 8
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Saturated pool boiling heat transfer is investigated experimentally on a copper substrate with copper nanoparticle coatings at atmospheric pressure, in terms of critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Experiments are carried out on the substrate surface with a diameter of 12 mm using DI water as the working fluid. The coating is formed by stacking copper nanoparticles generated by an aerosol method. The aerosol nanoparticles are generated by a spark discharge generator with nitrogen gas as carrier gas and size-selected prior to electrostatic deposition. The thickness of the coating is quantified by the deposition time. In the present study, copper particles with diameter 35± 5 nm are selected, considering better coverage on the surface, while the deposition time is controlled as 4h and 8h, respectively.The boiling curves and heat transfer coefficient of MS-1 (4h deposition) and MS-2 (8h deposition) were compared with the BS (bare surface). The results show that CHFs of MS-1 and MS-2 are increased by 24% and 36%, respectively compared with the BS, while heat transfer is enhanced as well. High speed visualization tells that the coating provides more active nucleate sites and the hydrophobicity of the coating helps bubbles departure from the surface at low and moderate heat flux. At high heat flux, a hollow well occurs on MSs to supply liquid effectively to avoid dryout. Therefore, CHF and heat transfer are both improved.
  •  
27.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Pool boiling of HFE-7200 on nanoparticle-coating surfaces: Experiments and heat transfer analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310 .- 1879-2189. ; 133, s. 548-560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present study, an electrophoretic deposition method was employed to modify copper surfaces withCu-Zn (100 nm) nanoparticles. Pool boiling heat transfer of HFE-7200 on the modified surfaces was experimentally studied. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient on the modified surfaces was significantly enhanced compared with that on a smooth surface, e.g., a maximum 100% enhancement,while the maximum superheat on the modified surfaces was around 20 K lower than that on the smooth surface. However, the critical heat flux (CHF) was not improved considerably, and supplementary tests indicated that the wickability of HFE-7200 was almost the same on the modified surfaces and the smooth surface. The departure diameters of bubbles were recorded by a high speed camera, which were compared with several models in literature. Active nucleation site sizes were evaluated by the Hsu nucleation theory and active nucleation site densities were estimated by appropriate correlations.In addition, a heat transfer model, considering natural convection, re-formation of thermal boundary layer and microlayer evaporation, was formulated to predict the heat transfer on the modified surfaces and the smooth surface. A relatively good prediction was achieved.
  •  
28.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Pool Boiling of NOVEC-649 on Microparticle-Coated and Nanoparticle-Coated Surfaces
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-7632 .- 1521-0537. ; 42:19-20, s. 1732-1747
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, microparticle coatings and nanoparticle coatings were fabricated on copper surfaces by an electrochemical deposition method and an electrophoretic deposition method, respectively. Pool boiling of NOVEC-649 was experimentally studied on the coated surfaces, concerning heat transfer, bubble dynamics, and critical heat fluxes. Compared with a smooth surface, heat transfer coefficients and critical heat flux (CHF) were improved, achieving a maximum heat transfer enhancement of 460% on the nanoparticle-coated surface and a maximum CHF enhancement of 60% on the microparticle-coated surface. Based on high speed visualizations, bubble departure diameters were measured and compared with several correlations, and then the heat transfer was analyzed by a mechanistic model, considering natural convection, transient heat conduction and microlayer evaporation. The mechanistic model demonstrated a good ability to predict the present results. In addition, wickability, representing a liquid supplement ability, was measured, indicating that the wickability enhancement was probably responsible for the CHF improvement.
  •  
29.
  • Cao, Zhen, et al. (författare)
  • Water-oil flow in square microchannels with a crossed junction
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Fluid Machinery; Erosion, Slurry, Sedimentation; Experimental, Multiscale, and Numerical Methods for Multiphase Flows; Gas-Liquid, Gas-Solid, and Liquid-Solid Flows; Performance of Multiphase Flow Systems; Micro/Nano-Fluidics. - 9780791851579 ; 3
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present study, water-oil flow patterns and slug hydrodynamics were experimentally studied in square glass microchannels with various hydraulic diameters (Dh = 600 µm, 400 µm, 200 µm). The aqueous phase is the continuous phase while the organic phase is the dispersed phase. The ranges of flow rates of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are 0-200 ml/h and 0-12 ml/h, 0-120 ml/h and 0-6 ml/h, and 0-60 ml/h and 0-2 ml/h in the microchannels with Dh = 600 µm, 400 µm and 200 µm, respectively. The results show that the hydraulic diameter has significant effects on flow patterns and three main flow patterns are observed, i.e., annular flow, slug flow and droplet flow. Generally, annular flow appeared at high flow rates of the dispersed phase and low flow rates of the continuous phase, while droplet flow appeared at low flow rates of the dispersed phase and high flow rates of the continuous phase. However, slug flow existed at comparable flow rates of the continuous and dispersed phases. A dimensionless analysis is carried out and a new dimensionless group including Weber number and Reynolds number is derived. The new defined dimensionless group performs well to develop a general flow pattern map. In addition, slug flow hydrodynamics are investigated as well in the present study, considering the slug length and slug velocity. Based on the present experimental results, a new scaling law is proposed to predict the slug length and it shows a good agreement with the experimental results. It has been widely reported that slug velocities depend linearly on the total flow rates of the two phases, which is consistent with the present study. The linear law provides a good prediction of the experimental slug velocities but different slopes are suggested in microchannels with different hydraulic diameters.
  •  
30.
  • Chen, Min Rui, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of nanoparticles on hydraulic cavitation
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: XI International Conference on Computational Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer (ICCHMT 2018). - : EDP Sciences. ; 240
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When liquids flowing through a throttling element, such as a perforated plate, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases. If the pressure is below the saturated vapor pressure, the liquid will vaporize into small bubbles, which is called hydraulic cavitation. In fact, vaporization nucleus is another crucial condition for vaporizing. The nanoparticles contained in the nanofluids play a significant role in vaporization of liquids. In this paper, the effects of the nanoparticles on hydraulic cavitation are investigated. Firstly, a geometric model of a pipe channel equipped with a perforated plate is established. Then with different nanoparticle volume fractions and diameters, the nanofluids flowing through the channel is numerically simulated based on a validated numerical method. The operation conditions, such as the temperature and the pressure ratio of inlet to outlet, are the considered variables. As a significant parameter, cavitation numbers under different operation conditions are achieved to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on hydraulic cavitation. Meanwhile, the contours are extracted to research the distribution of bubbles for further investigation. This study is of interests for researchers working on hydraulic cavitation or nanofluids.
  •  
31.
  • Chen, Min Rui, et al. (författare)
  • The hydraulic cavitation affected by nanoparticles in nanofluids
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Computation. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-3197. ; 6:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When liquids flow through a throttling element, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases. At this point, if the pressure is below the saturated vapor pressure of this liquid, the liquid will vaporize into small bubbles, causing hydraulic cavitation. In fact, a vaporization nucleus is another crucial condition for vaporizing, and particles contained in the liquid can also work as the vaporization nuclear. As a novel heat transfer medium, nanofluids have attracted the attention of many scholars. The nanoparticles contained in the nanofluids play a significant role in the vaporization of liquids. In this paper, the effects of the nanoparticles on hydraulic cavitation are investigated. Firstly, a geometric model of a perforated plate, the throttling element in this paper, is established. Then with different nanoparticle volume fractions and diameters, the nanofluids flowing through the perforated plate are numerically simulated based on a validated numerical method. The operation conditions, such as the ratio of inlet to outlet pressures and the temperature are the considered variables. Additionally, cavitation numbers under different operating conditions are achieved to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on hydraulic cavitation. Meanwhile, the contours are extracted to research the distribution of bubbles for further investigation. This study is of interest for researchers working on hydraulic cavitation or nanofluids.
  •  
32.
  • Chen, Zhi-Qiang, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic architecture behind developmental and seasonal control of tree growth and wood properties in Norway spruce
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic control of tree growth and wood formation varies depending on the age of the tree and the time of the year. Single-locus, multi-locus, and multi-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted on 34 growth and wood property traits in 1,303 Norway spruce individuals using exome capture to cover similar to 130K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GWAS identified associations to the different wood traits in a total of 85 gene models, and several of these were validated in a progenitor population. A multilocus GWAS model identified more SNPs associated with the studied traits than single-locus or multivariate models. Changes in tree age and annual season influenced the genetic architecture of growth and wood properties in unique ways, manifested by non-overlapping SNP loci. In addition to completely novel candidate genes, SNPs were located in genes previously associated with wood formation, such as cellulose synthases and a NAC transcription factor, but that have not been earlier linked to seasonal or age-dependent regulation of wood properties. Interestingly, SNPs associated with the width of the year rings were identified in homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1 and rice BIG GRAIN 1, which have been previously shown to control cell division and biomass production. The results provide toots for future Norway spruce breeding and functional studies.
  •  
33.
  • Chen, Zhi-Qiang, et al. (författare)
  • Leveraging breeding programs and genomic data in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) for GWAS analysis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify loci underlying the variation of complex traits. One of the main limitations of GWAS is the availability of reliable phenotypic data, particularly for long-lived tree species. Although an extensive amount of phenotypic data already exists in breeding programs, accounting for its high heterogeneity is a great challenge. We combine spatial and factor-analytics analyses to standardize the heterogeneous data from 120 field experiments of 483,424 progenies of Norway spruce to implement the largest reported GWAS for trees using 134 605 SNPs from exome sequencing of 5056 parental trees.Results: We identify 55 novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that are associated with phenotypic variation. The largest number of QTLs is associated with the budburst stage, followed by diameter at breast height, wood quality, and frost damage. Two QTLs with the largest effect have a pleiotropic effect for budburst stage, frost damage, and diameter and are associated with MAP3K genes. Genotype data called from exome capture, recently developed SNP array and gene expression data indirectly support this discovery.Conclusion: Several important QTLs associated with growth and frost damage have been verified in several southern and northern progeny plantations, indicating that these loci can be used in QTL-assisted genomic selection. Our study also demonstrates that existing heterogeneous phenotypic data from breeding programs, collected over several decades, is an important source for GWAS and that such integration into GWAS should be a major area of inquiry in the future.
  •  
34.
  • Conti, David, V, et al. (författare)
  • Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
  •  
35.
  • Feng, Zhaozan, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Surfactant on Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Ethylene Glycol/Water Mixtures in a Minitube
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-7632 .- 1521-0537. ; 37:13-14, s. 1126-1135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigated effects of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) on flow boiling heat transfer of ethylene glycol/water mixtures in a vertical minitube. Experiments were performed using solutions containing 300 ppm by weight of surfactant and the results were compared with those of pure mixture. Local heat transfer coefficient was measured and found to be dependent on the mass quality. Although the surfactant intensifies the vaporization process, it doesn't necessarily enhance the heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer coefficients were compared at two different mass fluxes, and the results might be explained based on the local flow pattern and the heat transfer mechanism. After a critical quality, higher quality tends to deteriorate heat transfer due to intermittent dryout, and therefore adding a surfactant to generate more vapor may be of negative effect on the flow boiling heat transfer in a minitube, which is contrary to the experience of enhancing nucleate pool boiling heat transfer with trace surfactants.
  •  
36.
  • Filimonov, Roman, et al. (författare)
  • Toward computationally effective modeling and simulation of droplet formation in microchannel junctions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Research and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8762. ; 166, s. 135-147
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Droplet-based microfluidics is a widely used technology in various chemical and biological applications. Droplet formation is an essential part of droplet-based microfluidics. This work applied and summarized a combination of techniques for speeding up computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the Volume of Fluid method for the droplet generation process. To demonstrate the efficiency of the applied techniques, numerical modeling and simulation of droplet formation in a cross-shaped square microchannel were carried out. Water–butanol and water–toluene two-phase systems were considered under various flow rate conditions. Flow visualization experiments were conducted to validate the numerical results. In addition, a parametric analysis on the influence of viscosity, interfacial tension, and three-phase contact angle on the droplet formation was carried out to demonstrate the performance of the numerical setup. The simulated fluid flow dynamics showed good agreement with the experimental data. The CFD model was also verified by simulating the droplet formation in a T-shaped rectangular microchannel. The presented setup shows promising potential for development of chips for droplet generation by testing virtual prototypes. Due to the possibility to model the droplet formation process at an acceptable computational cost, time savings in the research and design cycles can be significant.
  •  
37.
  • Guo, Si-pu, et al. (författare)
  • Condensation and evaporation heat transfer characteristics in horizontal smooth, herringbone and enhanced surface EHT tubes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 85, s. 281-291
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An experimental investigation was performed to evaluate convective condensation and evaporation of R22, R32 and R410A inside a smooth tube (inner diameter 11.43 mm), a herringbone tube (fin root diameter 11.43 mm) and a newly developed enhanced surface EHT tube (inner diameter 11.5 mm) at low mass fluxes. The inner surface of the EHT tube is enhanced by dimple/protrusion and secondary petal arrays. For condensation, the heat transfer coefficient of the herringbone tube is 2.0-3.0 times larger than a smooth tube and the EHT tube is 1.3-1.95 times that of the smooth tube. The heat transfer enhancement ratios of the herringbone tube and the EHT tube are larger than their respective inner surface area ratios. Mass flux has a non-monotonic relation with the condensation heat transfer coefficient in the herringbone microfin tubes; this was especially evident for R32 and R410A. For evaporation, the EHT tube provides the best evaporation heat transfer performance for all the three refrigerants; this is mainly due to the heat transfer enhancement produced from the larger number of nucleation sites, increased interfacial turbulence, boundary layer disruption, flow separation and secondary flow generation caused by the dimple and petal arrays. The evaporation heat transfer coefficient of the herringbone tube is only slightly higher than that of the smooth tube. Overall, the EHT tube provides increased heat transfer enhancement for both condensation and evaporation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
38.
  • Hothar, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids Containing Magnesium Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-7632 .- 1521-0537. ; 43:21, s. 1806-1819
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A promising nanomaterial, magnesium oxide (MgO) and a commonly studied nanomaterial, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were used to enhance the thermal conductivity of two ionic liquids, i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCa]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]) of potential as heat transfer medium. Effects of nanoparticle material, size, shape as well as mass concentration on thermal conductivity enhancement were investigated experimentally, along with stability analysis of the nanoparticle suspensions. The thermal conductivity of [emim][TCM] can be enhanced by up to 40% by adding 15 wt.% of polyhedral MgO nanoparticles. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3 ionanofluids does not vary much with nanoparticle size while that of MgO ionanofluids tends to increase as the nanoparticle size decreases. The Maxwell-Garnett model and the Hamilton–Crosser model could estimate the thermal conductivity of [emim][DCa]-based nanofluids containing Al2O3 and MgO nanoparticles, respectively, while under-prediction prevailed for [emim][TCM]-based nanofluids. Besides, challenges were encountered during zeta potential measurements created by the ionic liquids themselves. New methods need to be developed to correctly measure the zeta potential of ionic liquid-based nanofluids.
  •  
39.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • A brief review on convection heat transfer of fluids at supercritical pressures in tubes and the recent progress
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9118 .- 0306-2619. ; 162, s. 494-505
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study presents a state-of-the-art overview on heat transfer characteristics of fluids (mainly water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon fuels) flowing in smooth tubes and enhanced tubes at supercritical pressures and tries to obtain a fundamental understanding of the unique characteristics. Heat transfer in enhanced tubes is much better than that in smooth tubes with a larger pressure drop penalty at supercritical conditions. Thermo-physical properties of fluids at supercritical pressures and relevant parametric effects (e.g., effects of mass flux, heat flux, pressure and flow direction) on heat transfer performance are outlined. Inconsistencies in the literature on heat transfer are emphasized and evaluated. Possible reasons are suggested to explain those inconsistencies. Moreover, the mechanisms for heat transfer deterioration at supercritical pressures are discussed and different correlations for predicting heat transfer deterioration are compared and assessed with experimental data. These predictive correlations based on one working fluid cannot be applied directly to other working fluids. Besides, several common buoyancy criteria proposed in the literature to distinguish forced convection and mixed convection are evaluated and show large discrepancies with experimental data. There is no buoyancy criterion developed for hydrocarbon fuels. Future research needs are warranted for heat transfer of near-critical and supercritical fluids.
  •  
40.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Application of ultrasound technology in the drying of food products
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4177. ; 63
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study presents a state-of-the-art overview on the application of ultrasound technology in the drying of food products, including the ultrasound pre-treatment and ultrasound assisted drying. The effect of main parameters and ultrasound technology on the drying kinetics and food quality were discussed. Inconsistencies were pointed out and analyzed in detail. Results showed that for ultrasound pre-treatment, the food products may lose or gain water and increase of ultrasonic parameters (sonication time, amplitude and ultrasound power) promoted the water loss or water gain. When ultrasound technology was applied prior to drying, an increase in drying kinetics was always observed, though some different results were also presented. For ultrasound assisted drying, the ultrasound power always gave a positive effect on the drying process, however, the magnitude of ultrasound improvement was largely dependent on the process variables, such as air velocity, air temperature, microwave power and vacuum pressure, etc. The application of ultrasound technology will somehow affect the food quality, including the physical and chemical ones. Generally, the ultrasound application can decrease the water activity, improve the product color and reduce the nutrient loss.
  •  
41.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of hybrid nanofluid mixture in plate heat exchangers
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2286 .- 0894-1777. ; 72, s. 190-196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid mixture containing alumina nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were experimentally investigated in a chevron corrugated-plate heat exchanger. A MWCNT/water nanofluid with a volume concentration of 0.0111% and an Al2O3/water nanofluid with a volume concentration of 1.89% were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:2.5. A small amount of MWCNTs was added in order to increase the mixture thermal conductivity. Experiments with water used as both hot and cold fluids were carried out first to obtain a heat transfer correlation for fluids flowing in the chevron plate heat exchanger. The results of the nanofluid mixture were compared with those of the Al2O3/water nanofluid and water. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient of the hybrid nanofluid mixture is slightly larger than that of the Al2O3/water nanofluid and water, when comparison is based on the same flow velocity. The hybrid nanofluid mixture also exhibits the highest heat transfer coefficient at a given pumping power. The pressure drop of the hybrid nanofluid mixture is smaller than that of the Al2O3/water nanofluid and only slightly higher than that of water. Therefore, hybrid nanofluid mixtures might be promising in many heat transfer applications.
  •  
42.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Numerical investigation on convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene in a vertical mini-tube at supercritical pressures
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of CHT-15 : 6th International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer, 2015 - 6th International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer, 2015. - 2578-5486. - 9781567004298 ; , s. 123-134
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Convective heat transfer of aviation kerosene at supercritical pressures in a vertical upward tube of diameter 1.8 mm was numerically studied using RNG k-ε turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment. The thermo-physical and transport properties of the China RP-3 kerosene at various temperatures were obtained by a 10-species surrogate and the NIST Supertrapp software. The grid independence was first studied and numerical results were then compared with experimental data for validation. Effects of mass flow rate, heat flux, pressure and inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance were investigated. Under flow conditions given in this work, the results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with mass flow rate, heat flux or inlet temperature, while increase in inlet pressure reduces heat transfer coefficient. The buoyancy force has little effect on heat transfer.
  •  
43.
  • Huang, Dan, et al. (författare)
  • Pressure drop and convective heat transfer of Al2O3/water and MWCNT/water nanofluids in a chevron plate heat exchanger
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 89:October, s. 620-626
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of Al2O3/water and MWCNT/water nanofluids flowing in a chevron-type plate heat exchanger were experimentally investigated and compared with those of water. Results showed that heat transfer seemed to be improved by using nanofluids at constant Reynolds number. However, little heat transfer enhancement was observed based on a constant flow velocity. The heat transfer deterioration of MWCNT/water nanofluids was more intensive than Al2O3/water nanofluids due to the relatively large viscosity increase of MWCNT/water nanofluids. A new heat transfer correlation was proposed based on the experimental data of water and it predicts the experimental data of nanofluids accurately when the measured nanofluid properties (thermal conductivity and viscosity) were adopted for calculation. Besides, the pressure drop of nanofluid was reasonably higher than that of water and seemed to increase with increasing particle volume concentrations due to the increase in viscosity. However, there was not much difference between the pressure drop of nanofluids and that of water at low particle volume concentrations. A correlation for predicting the friction factor was obtained and it fitted the experimental data very well.
  •  
44.
  • Jin, Zhi-jiang, et al. (författare)
  • A parametric study of hydrodynamic cavitation inside globe valves
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering. - : ASME International. - 0098-2202 .- 1528-901X. ; 140:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hydrodynamic cavitation that occurs inside valves not only increases the energy consumption burden of the whole piping system but also leads to severe damages to the valve body and the piping system with a large economic loss. In this paper, in order to reduce the hydrodynamic cavitation inside globe valves, effects of valve body geometrical parameters including bending radius, deviation distance, and arc curvature linked to in/ export parts on hydrodynamic cavitation are investigated by using a cavitation model. To begin with, the numerical model is compared with similar works to check its accuracy. Then, the cavitation index and the total vapor volume are predicted. The results show that vapor primarily appears around the valve seat and connecting downstream pipes. The hydrodynamic cavitation does not occur under a small inlet velocity, a large bending radius, and a large deviation distance. Cavitation intensity decreases with the increase of the bending radius, the deviation distance, and the arc curvature linked to in/export parts. This indicates that valve geometrical parameters should be chosen as large as possible, while the maximal fluid velocity should be limited. This work is of significance for hydrodynamic cavitation or globe valve design.
  •  
45.
  • Leng, Xue-Li, et al. (författare)
  • Spiral Coil Inserts for Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Parallel-plate Channel
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Numerical Heat Transfer Part A: Applications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-7782 .- 1521-0634. ; 66:7, s. 756-772
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The flow fields and heat transfer characteristics in a parallel-plate channel with a transversely placed spiral coil insert were investigated by three-dimensional numerical simulation. The structure of multi-longitudinal-vortices (MLVs) induced by the spiral coil and the effects of MLVs on velocity and temperature fields were studied. The three-dimensional spiral coil induces a series of longitudinal vortices in the channel including leading longitudinal vortex, mainstream longitudinal vortices, near-wall longitudinal vortices, and rear central longitudinal vortex. Transport by the longitudinal vortices can increase the mass exchange between the boundary layer and the mainstream, which speeds up the heat migration from the channel walls and enhances the heat diffusion in the mainstream.
  •  
46.
  • Li, Hongxia, et al. (författare)
  • Microscopic insights of phase-transition-induced vapor transport enhancement in porous media
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Multiphase Flow. - 0301-9322. ; 177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vapor transport in porous media, often associated with liquid-vapor phase change, is an fundamental process in many emerging underground energy storage and extraction processes (i.e., seasonal solar thermal aquifer storage, geothermal extraction, extraterrestrial in-situ water extraction). By jointly using experimental imaging and numerical modeling at the micro-scale, we conduct mechanistic pore scale investigation of capillarity-dominated phase change dynamics and its influence on vapor transport in partially saturated porous rock micromodel. Strongly linked to surface roughness and wettability condition, the capillarity hinders water vaporization from rock surface micro/nano-structures as observed under the environmental scanning electron microscope. By varying the contact angle of 0°, 60°, and 120°, the lattice Boltzmann simulation shows the wettability-dependent vaporization process of capillary-hold water, where pores with hydrophilic surfaces contains significantly more liquid water than that of the hydrophobic ones under the same temperature. When saturated vapor flows through rock porous patterns, capillarity further induces water condensation on the strongly water-wet surfaces. Water condensation, yet forming water bridges/islands and causing the blockage of vapor diffusion, enhances the vapor diffusion ability counterintuitively. The reduction of diffusion path is revealed as the main reason by assessing the local vapor pressure distribution before and after the pore filling by condensate. The findings support the debatable enhancement mechanisms postulated by Philip and de Vries. This work offers the insightful interfacial hydrodynamics of vapor transport in porous media and potentially provides operational guidance for geothermal applications and beyond.
  •  
47.
  • Li, Nianqi, et al. (författare)
  • Heat exchanger network synthesis considering detailed thermal-hydraulic performance : Methods and perspectives
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321. ; 168
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heat exchanger network synthesis is an essential optimisation tool for Process Integration, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Proper design or retrofit of heat exchanger network can enable energy conservation, efficiency improvement, and process debottlenecking. Many earlier pieces of research have focused on the impact of the network structure and process features such as network topology, temperature intervals, continuous/batch processes, and so on. As the major device in heat exchanger networks, heat exchangers research has always been a hot topic. However, the individual heat exchanger research is different from the number of heat exchangers in a network. Various performance aspects of the heat exchangers, e.g., pressure drop, fouling, and thermal performance, could influence the whole network and the passive responses between each heat exchanger. Besides, integrating those aspects of individual heat exchangers into the network synthesis is still an open problem, especially for cases that demand simultaneous optimisations. This work presents a thorough assessment of research into those aspects in heat exchanger networks, as well as the state-of-the-art of current approaches for heat exchanger networks optimisation that take heat exchanger performance into account. The essential coupling among fouling, pressure drop and thermal design is explored, and the nexus between them and the heat exchanger network is analysed. Researchers will benefit from this overview of heat exchanger network synthesis retrofitting methods and applications.
  •  
48.
  • Li, Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Heat transfer to aviation kerosene flowing upward in smooth tubes at supercritical pressures
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 85, s. 1084-1094
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study experimentally investigated convective heat transfer performances of China RP-3 kerosene flowing in a vertical upward tube under supercritical pressures. Effects of mass flux, heat flux, pressure and inlet temperature on the heat transfer performance were given in detail. The influences of buoyancy and flow acceleration under different flow conditions were discussed as well. It was found that the inner wall temperature varies non-linearly at different mass fluxes. Heat transfer is improved when the fuel temperature is around the critical temperature. The heat transfer coefficient increases as heat flux or inlet temperature increases, while increase in inlet pressure reduces heat transfer coefficient. Besides, as nanofluids generally have higher thermal conductivity compared to their corresponding base fluids (i.e. kerosene), the heat transfer characteristics of Fe3O4-kerosene nanofluid was also investigated. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles tends to deteriorate the heat transfer performance of nanofluids flowing in a vertical tube under supercritical pressure. As the particle content increases, the heat transfer coefficient decreases due to the modification of the inner wall surface by the nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
49.
  • Li, Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Local heat transfer in subcooled flow boiling in a vertical mini-gap channel
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310. ; 110, s. 796-804
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An experimental study of subcooled flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating rectangular mini-gap channel was conducted using deionized water. The local heat transfer coefficient, onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), and flow pattern of subcooled boiling were investigated. The influence of heat flux and mass flux were studied with the aid of a high-speed camera. The bubbles were generated more quickly at higher heat flux and the diameters of departing bubbles decreased with increased flow mass flux. Partial dry-out and rewetting process caused by elongated bubble was also observed at lower mass flux. With the increase of heat flux, the surface near exit started boiling firstly, with more sharply increased heat transfer coefficient compared to the surface near entrance. The experimental heat transfer coefficients were analyzed using four existing correlations. The four correlations are all in an error band of −20% to +25%, and Chen correlation tends to have better performance at higher heat transfer coefficient.
  •  
50.
  • Li, Xingchen, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis on breakup dynamics of hydrogen taylor bubble formation in a cross-junction microchannel
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 46:67, s. 33438-33452
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The pinch-off dynamics during hydrogen bubble formation was experimentally investigated in a cross-junction microchannel. A binarization interface recognizing and key frame tracking method was established. By analyzing the breakup dynamics through spatial and time domains, the effects of interfacial tension and viscosity on hydrogen bubble pinch-off were revealed. A transitional stage between a liquid squeezing stage and a free pinch-off stage was newly observed and the transitional stage was named as the wave model stage because of the long-wave approximation of the interface at this stage. The time criteria between the three stages are proved to be around 1/10 of tcap (capillary time) and around tcap to the pinch-off moment, respectively. However, the power law exponents of the minimum radial radius R0 for hydrogen - liquid flow, larger than those for nitrogen - liquid flow, are consistent with literature works in terms of both range and tendency.
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