| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 5. |
- Shi, Zhi Sheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Enrichment of Ni–Mo–V via pyrometallurgical reduction from spent hydrogenation catalysts and the multi-reaction mechanism
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Rare Metals. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; 42:8, s. 2700-2712
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spent hydrogenation catalysts are important secondary resources due to richness in the valuable metals of Ni, Mo and V. Recovery of valuable metals from spent catalysts has high economic value and environmental benefits since they are hazardous wastes as well. Traditional recycling processes including hydrometallurgical leaching and soda roasting-leaching have disadvantages such as generating large amounts of wastewater, long process, and low recovery efficiency of valuable metals. Thus, this paper proposed synergistic enrichment of Ni, Mo and V via pyrometallurgical reduction at 1400–1500 °C. The melting temperature and viscosity of slag were reduced through slag designing by software FactSage 7.1. The phase diagram of Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-Na2O-B2O3 was drawn, and low-temperature region (≤ 1300 °C) was selected as target slag composition. Ni, Mo, and V can be collaborative captured and recovered through the mutual solubility at molten state. Increasing the melting temperature and the amount of CaO, Na2O and C were conducive to improving the metals recovery rates. The kilogram-scale experiments were carried out, and the recovery efficiencies of Ni, Mo and V were 98.3%, 95.3% and 97.9% under optimized conditions: at 1500 °C, with the basicity of 1.0, 13.1 wt% SiO2, 7.0 wt% B2O3, 7.7 wt% Na2O and 20.0 wt% C. The distribution behavior of valuable metals was clarified by investigating the melting process of slag and the reduction in valuable metals. Ni was preferentially reduced and acted as a capturing agent, which captured other metals to form NiMoV alloys. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
|
|
| 6. |
- Bo, Qi-Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
A new family of 3D 3d-4f heterometallic frameworks comprising 1D inorganic lanthanide ladders and organic Cu-bipyridine chains
- 2008
-
Ingår i: CrystEngComm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1466-8033. ; 10:2, s. 232-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new family of the 3D heterometallic coordination polymers [{Ln2(SO4)2(H2O)2(pydc)2Cu2 (bpy)2·2(H2O)}]n (Ln = Sm ( 1), Eu ( 2), Gd ( 3), Tb ( 4) and Dy ( 5); pydc = 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylate anion; bpy= 4,4-bipyridine) have successfully been synthesized under solvothermal conditions (H2O/ethanol). All the coordination polymers obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR analysis, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), fluorescent spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The most intriguing structural feature is that all the compounds exhibit 3D frameworks with 1D inorganic lanthanide ladders and organic CuI-bipyridine chains, which represent two types of 3d/4f coordination polymers (form I: Ln = Sm and Eu; form II: Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy) as the result of a so-called gadolinium break effect. Additionally, compounds 2 and 4 showed the characteristic emission spectra of the EuIII and TbIII ions, respectively, and appeared to have good fluorescence properties, while 1, 3 and 5 emitted fluorescence resembling CuI complexes. To our knowledge, the investigation of the
|
|
| 7. |
- Bo, Qi-Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
Simple directed material design through in situ substitution of proton with Cu+ ions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1574-1443 .- 1574-1451. ; 19:4, s. 485-493
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new inorganic-organic hybrid material (C10H8N2H)2(Mo8O26) · 2NH4 (1) was prepared under solvothermal conditions (H2O/ethanol), which was then used as a starting material in the synthesis of another material, (C10H8N2Cu)2(Mo8O26) · 2NH4 (2). Each compound has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence, FT-IR, and bond valence sum calculations. The comparative study focuses on the transformation and structural change between 1 and 2, which arises from the simple substitution of the proton in 1 with the Cu+ ions. The other surprising feature is that Cu+ ions can not only directly be used to substitute the proton of 1 but also ameliorate its photoluminescence property. It means that 1 appears to have recognizable functional protons in the solid-state structure and, hence, can very well be considered as an ideal precursor agent to design the functional materials with special architectures and photoactive properties.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cheng, Qin-Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvement and comparison of likelihood functions for model calibration and parameter uncertainty analysis within a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 519:Part B, s. 2202-2214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary In this study, the likelihood functions for uncertainty analysis of hydrological models are compared and improved through the following steps: (1) the equivalent relationship between the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) and the likelihood function with Gaussian independent and identically distributed residuals is proved; (2) a new estimation method of the Box–Cox transformation (BC) parameter is developed to improve the effective elimination of the heteroscedasticity of model residuals; and (3) three likelihood functions—NSE, Generalized Error Distribution with BC (BC-GED) and Skew Generalized Error Distribution with BC (BC-SGED)—are applied for SWAT-WB-VSA (Soil and Water Assessment Tool – Water Balance – Variable Source Area) model calibration in the Baocun watershed, Eastern China. Performances of calibrated models are compared using the observed river discharges and groundwater levels. The result shows that the minimum variance constraint can effectively estimate the BC parameter. The form of the likelihood function significantly impacts on the calibrated parameters and the simulated results of high and low flow components. SWAT-WB-VSA with the NSE approach simulates flood well, but baseflow badly owing to the assumption of Gaussian error distribution, where the probability of the large error is low, but the small error around zero approximates equiprobability. By contrast, SWAT-WB-VSA with the BC-GED or BC-SGED approach mimics baseflow well, which is proved in the groundwater level simulation. The assumption of skewness of the error distribution may be unnecessary, because all the results of the BC-SGED approach are nearly the same as those of the BC-GED approach.
|
|
| 9. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
|
|
| 10. |
- Huang, Zi-Nan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of the stress field in the reactor vessel of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System during postulated ULOF and UTOP transients
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) was proposed by China Academy of Science since 2015. The subcritical reactor in CiADS is a liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactor. When the reactor core is in operation, the LBE coolant will directly contact and corrode the inner surface of reactor vessel. Due to the high temperature, the corrosion will be more severe. If the stress on the reactor vessel exceeds the limit, the plastic deformation will occur, leading to the generation and expansion of defects and cracks, and the safety of the reactor will be affected. Therefore, evaluating the stress field of the reactor vessel under different operating conditions is a very important research project. In this paper, the finite element analysis software ADINA was applied to analyze the reactor vessel in CiADS, and the ASME Code was used as stress assessment standards. We can preliminarily prove that the stress assessments of the vessel during the postulated Unprotected Loss of Flow (ULOF) accidents satisfy the requirements of ASME Code. The limit reactivity insertion to protect the vessel from plastic deformation is 0.58$ in the postulated Unprotected Transient over Power (UTOP) accidents based on our current results. Therefore, we can preliminarily conclude that the current material selection and structural design of the reactor vessel in CiADS could survive most of the postulated transient accidents considering the stress effect.
|
|
| 11. |
- Jacobsson, Leif, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of α-tocopherol and astaxanthin on LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 173:2, s. 231-237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of α-tocopherol and astaxanthin on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation lag time and atherosclerotic lesion formation in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Thirty-one, 3-month-old WHHL rabbits were divided into three experimental groups. One group (n=10) was fed standard rabbit feed alone and served as a control, a second group (n=11) was supplied with the same feed containing 500mg α-tocopherol/kg and a third group (n=10) was given a feed containing 100mg astaxanthin/kg. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and LDL oxidation lag time were followed for 24 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were killed and the thoracic aorta was used for evaluation of the degree of atherosclerosis. Colour photographs of the intimal surface of the vessel were taken for determination of the atherosclerotic area. Cross-sections of the thoracic aorta were used for histological examination and for determination of intimal thickening. Specimens of the vessel were used for determination of the tissue cholesterol content. Plasma cholesterol remained at a high level during the time of the experiment and there were no differences between the experimental groups. After 24 weeks, the LDL oxidation lag time was 53.7±1.7min, 109±4min (P<0.001) and 56.4±3.4min (P=0.47) in the control, α-tocopherol and astaxanthin groups, respectively. In the thoracic aorta, the atherosclerotic area was 80.7±5.1%, 67.1±6.7% (P=0.13) and 75.2±5.7% (P=0.49) in the control, α-tocopherol and astaxanthin groups, respectively. The intimal thickening was 45.6±3.2%, 44.0±4.1% (P=0.89) and 40.0±4.5% (P=0.33) in the control, α-tocopherol and astaxanthin groups, respectively. Finally, the cholesterol content was 107±9μmol/g, 95.7±11. 5μmol/g (P=0.31) and 101±5μmol/g (P=0.33) in the control, α-tocopherol and astaxanthin groups, respectively. It can be concluded that α-tocopherol but not astaxanthin prolonged the LDL oxidation lag time. The two antioxidative substances did not prevent atherogenesis in WHHL rabbits in this setting.
|
|
| 12. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lanata, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient implementation of the Gutzwiller variational method
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121. ; 85:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a self-consistent numerical approach to solve the Gutzwiller variational problem for general multi-band models with arbitrary on-site interaction. The proposed method generalizes and improves the procedure derived by Deng et al., Phys. Rev. B. 79 075114 (2009), overcoming the restriction to density-density interaction without increasing the complexity of the computational algorithm. Our approach drastically reduces the problem of the high-dimensional Gutzwiller mini- mization by mapping it to a minimization only in the variational density matrix, in the spirit of the Levy and Lieb formulation of DFT. For fixed density the Gutzwiller renormalization matrix is deter- mined as a fixpoint of a proper functional, whose evaluation only requires ground-state calculations of matrices defined in the Gutzwiller variational space. Furthermore, the proposed method is able to account for the symmetries of the variational function in a controlled way, reducing the number of variational parameters. After a detailed description of the method we present calculations for multi-band Hubbard models with full (rotationally invariant) Hund’s rule on-site interaction. Our analysis shows that the numerical algorithm is very efficient, stable and easy to implement. For these reasons this method is particularly suitable for first principle studies – e.g., in combination with DFT – of many complex real materials, where the full intra-atomic interaction is important to obtain correct results.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Ma, Chuanwei, et al.
(författare)
-
Global trends in the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents aged 12-16 years from 1999 to 2018 : an analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 9:12, s. E1667-E1678
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke exposure can cause morbidity and premature mortality. However, the global prevalence of, and trends in, secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents are poorly documented. We aimed to assess the prevalence of, and trends in, secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents from 1999 to 2018.METHODS: We did an analysis of the most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a nationally representative, self-administered, school-based cross-sectional survey of tobacco use and related factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years worldwide. Data from 142 countries and territories that had done a GYTS between 2010 and 2018, comprising 711 366 participants, were used to assess the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure. Data from 131 countries and territories that had done two or more surveys between 1999 and 2018, comprising 1 405 458 participants, were used to assess trends in secondhand smoke exposure. The frequency of secondhand smoke exposure at home, in public places, or in any place was defined as follows, based on students' responses: 1 or more days, 3 or more days, 5 or more days, or daily during the past 7 days.FINDINGS: Based on the most recent surveys done in 142 countries between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2018, the global prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in any place was 62·9% (95% CI 61·7-64·1) on 1 or more days, 51·0% (49·8-52·1) on 3 or more days, 40·1% (38·9-41·2) on 5 or more days, and 32·5% (31·5-33·6) daily during the past 7 days. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home was 33·1% (95% CI 32·1-34·1) on 1 or more days, 20·1% (19·3-20·9) on 3 or more days, 14·9% (14·2-15·7) on 5 or more days, and 12·3% (11·7-13·0) daily during the past 7 days; and in public places the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 57·6% (56·4-58·8) on 1 or more days, 43·4% (42·2-44·6) on 3 or more days, 30·3% (29·2-31·5) on 5 or more days, and 23·5% (22·5-24·5) daily during the past 7 days. Between Jan 1, 1999, and Dec 31, 2018, the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure (on ≥1 day during the past 7 days) in any place decreased in 57 (43·5%) of 131 countries, increased in 27 (20·6%), and remained unchanged in 47 (35·9%). Although the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home decreased in 86 (65·6%) countries, the prevalence in public places did not change in 46 (35·1%) countries and increased in 40 (30·5%).INTERPRETATION: Secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents remains a serious public health challenge worldwide. Although the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home decreased in most countries, the prevalence in public places increased or remained unchanged in most countries between 1999 and 2018. These findings emphasise the need to strengthen smoke-free policies, especially in public places.FUNDING: Youth Team of Humanistic and Social Science of Shandong University, Jinan, China.TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Nead, Kevin T., et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of common non-synonymous variants in PCSK1 to body mass index variation and risk of obesity : a systematic review and meta-analysis with evidence from up to 331 175 individuals
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:12, s. 3582-3594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphisms rs6232 and rs6234/rs6235 in PCSK1 have been associated with extreme obesity [e.g. body mass index (BMI) a parts per thousand yen 40 kg/m(2)], but their contribution to common obesity (BMI a parts per thousand yen 30 kg/m(2)) and BMI variation in a multi-ethnic context is unclear. To fill this gap, we collected phenotypic and genetic data in up to 331 175 individuals from diverse ethnic groups. This process involved a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the NIH GWAS catalog complemented by data extraction from pre-existing GWAS or custom-arrays in consortia and single studies. We employed recently developed global meta-analytic random-effects methods to calculate summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or beta estimates and standard errors (SE) for the obesity status and BMI analyses, respectively. Significant associations were found with binary obesity status for rs6232 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24, P = 6.08 x 10(-6)) and rs6234/rs6235 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10, P = 3.00 x 10(-7)). Similarly, significant associations were found with continuous BMI for rs6232 (beta = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00-0.07; P = 0.047) and rs6234/rs6235 (beta = 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.03; P = 5.57 x 10(-4)). Ethnicity, age and study ascertainment significantly modulated the association of PCSK1 polymorphisms with obesity. In summary, we demonstrate evidence that common gene variation in PCSK1 contributes to BMI variation and susceptibility to common obesity in the largest known meta-analysis published to date in genetic epidemiology.
|
|
| 18. |
- Qian, Li-Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
Transmission of electrons through the conical glass capillary with the grounded conducting outer surface
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Wuli xuebao. - : Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. - 1000-3290. ; 66:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transmission of 1.5 keV-electrons through a conical glass capillary is reported. This study aims to understand the so-called guiding effect for the negatively charged particles (e.g. electrons). The guiding mechanism is understood quite well with positively charged particles in particular highly charged ions, but not clear with electrons, i. e., even the basic scheme mediated by the existence of negative charge patches to guide the electrons is still somewhat controversial.. The study of the charging-up dynamics causing the electrons transport inside the capillary will shed light on this issue. In order to perform this, a data acquisition system has been setup to follow the time evolution of the two-dimensional angular distribution of the transmitted electrons. The electrons are detected by the multi-channel plate (MCP) detector with a phosphor screen. The image from the phosphor screen is recorded by a charge-coupled device camera. The timing signals for the detected events are extracted from the back stack of the MCP detector and recorded by the data acquisition system, synchronized with the acquired images. The electron beam has a size of 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm and a divergence of less than 0.35.. The inner diameter of the straight part of the capillary is 1.2 mm and the exit diameter is 225 mu m. A small conducting aperture of 0.3 mm in diameter is placed at the entrance of the capillary. Two-dimensional angular distribution of the transmitted electrons through conical glass capillary and its time evolution are measured. The results show that the transmission rate decreases and reaches to a constant value for the completely discharged glass capillary with time going by. The centroid of the angular distribution moves to an asymptotic value while the width remains unchanged. These transmission characteristics are different from those indicated in our previous work (2016 Acta Phys: Si n: 65 204103). The difference originates from the different manipulations of the capillary outer surface. A conducting layer is coated on the outer surface of the capillary and grounded in this work. This isolates various discharge/charge channels and forms a new stable discharge channel. The transmission rate as a function of the tilt angle shows that the allowed transmission occurs at the tilt angle limited by the geometrical factors, i. e., the geometrical opening angle given by the aspect ratio as well as the beam divergence. The transmission characteristics suggest that most likely there are formed no negative patches to facilitate the electron transmission through the glass capillary at this selected beam energy. It is different from that of highly charged ions, where the formation of the charge patches prohibits the close collisions between the following ions and guides them out of the capillary.
|
|
| 19. |
- Sun, Zhong-Xi, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of calcination temperature on the pore size and wall crystalline structure of mesoporous alumina
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 319:1, s. 247-251
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, mesoporous alumina with different pore sizes and wall crystalline structures was synthesized at calcination temperatures over 550 °C. The characterization of the samples calcined at 550, 800, 1100, and 1300 °C, respectively, was performed using TEM, XRD, FTIR, TG/DTA, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. The correlation between pore size and wall crystalline structure on calcination temperature was systematically investigated.
|
|
| 20. |
- Wan, Cheng-Liang, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of slow electrons transmitting through straight glass capillary and tapered glass capillary
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Wuli xuebao. - : Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. - 1000-3290. ; 65:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been found that the transmission rate of the electrons through insulating capillaries as a function of time/incident charge is not the same as that of the ions. The question arises that by using the electrons, if the negative charge patches can be formed to facilitate the transmission of the following electrons, thereby substantiating that the so-called guiding effect works also for electrons. This study aims to observe the time evolutions of the transmission of electrons through a straight glass tube and a tapered glass capillary. This will reveal the details of how and (or) if the negative charge patches can be formed when the electrons transport through them. In this work, a set of MCP/phosphor two-dimensional detection system based on Labview platform is developed to obtain the time evolution of the angular distribution of the transmitted electrons. The pulsed electron beams are obtained to test our detection system. The time evolution of the angular profile of 1.5 keV electrons transmitting through the glass tube/capillary is observed. The transmitted electrons are observed on the detector for a very short time and disappear for a time and then appear again for both the glass tube and tapered glass capillary, leading to an oscillation. The positive charge patches are formed in the insulating glass tube and tapered glass capillary since the secondary electron emission coefficient for the incident energy is larger than 1. It is due to the fact that fast discharge of the deposited charge leads to the increase of the transmission rate, while the fast blocking of the incident electrons due to the deposited positive charge leads to the decrease of the transmission rate. The geometrical configuration of the taper glass capillary tends to make the secondary electrons deposited at the exit part to form the negative patches that facilitate the transmission of electrons. This suggests that if the stable transmission needs to be reached for producing the electron micro-beam by using tapered glass capillaries, the steps must be taken to have the proper grounding and shielding of the glass capillaries and tubes. Our results show a difference in transmission through the insulating capillary between electrons and highly charged ions.
|
|
| 21. |
- Wang, Di-Si, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of the Accelerator-Driven System Fuel Assembly during the Steam Generator Tube Rupture Accident
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 14:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China is developing an ADS (Accelerator-Driven System) research device named the China initiative accelerator-driven system (CiADS). When performing a safety analysis of this new proposed design, the core behavior during the steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident has to be investigated. The purpose of our research in this paper is to investigate the impact from different heating conditions and inlet steam contents on steam bubble and coolant temperature distributions in ADS fuel assemblies during a postulated SGTR accident by performing necessary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this research, the open source CFD calculation software OpenFOAM, together with the two-phase VOF (Volume of Fluid) model were used to simulate the steam bubble behavior in heavy liquid metal flow. The model was validated with experimental results published in the open literature. Based on our simulation results, it can be noticed that steam bubbles will accumulate at the periphery region of fuel assemblies, and the maximum temperature in fuel assembly will not overwhelm its working limit during the postulated SGTR accident when the steam content at assembly inlet is less than 15%.
|
|
| 22. |
- Wang, Peng, et al.
(författare)
-
Linking Emergence to the Complex Product System
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 34286-34298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of product calls for manufacturing integration, while in turn high integration brings the problems of system level complexity. This paper proposes that complex product system (CoPS) should be managed as a dynamical system. The dynamical characteristics of CoPS are discussed from the perspective of emergence. A conceptual model is established to analyze the cause, process and result of the CoPS emergence. The mechanism of inner state emergence in CoPS is interpreted by formal languages to provide a point view of state space. It is concluded that the behavior of CoPS, especially the complexity, exhibits the 'entity is greater than the sum of the parts' phenomena when satisfying given necessary conditions. A novel methodology is then established to evaluate this emergence-based complexity. The feasibility and application of the novel complexity measurement is verified by an example of turbine housing production process. Further discussions are made on how to manage the potential emerging complexity based on the proposed measurement.
|
|
| 23. |
- Xi, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypertension Screening Using Blood Pressure to Height Ratio
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 134:1, s. E106-E111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The definition of hypertension in children is too complex to be used by medical professionals and children and their parents because of the age-, gender-, and height-specific blood pressure (BP) algorithm. The aim of this study was to simplify the pediatric BP percentile references using BP to height ratio (BPHR, equal to BP/height) for screening for prehypertension and hypertension in Chinese children. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted from 1991 to 2009 and included 11 661 children aged 6 to 17 years with complete data on age, gender, height, and BP values. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the performance of systolic BPHR (SBPHR) and diastolic BPHR (DBPHR) for screening for pediatric prehypertension and hypertension. RESULTS: The optimal thresholds for defining prehypertension were 0.81 in children aged 6 to 11 years and 0.70 in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years for SBPHR and 0.52 in children and 0.46 in adolescents for DBPHR, respectively. The corresponding values for hypertension were 0.84, 0.78, 0.55, and 0.50, respectively. The negative predictive values were much higher (all >= 99%) for prehypertension and hypertension, although the positive predictive values were relatively lower, ranging from 13% to 75%. CONCLUSIONS: BPHR index is simple and accurate for screening for prehypertension and hypertension in Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years and can be used for early screening or treating Chinese children with hypertension.
|
|
| 24. |
- Xi, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of TIG and Laser Welding Processes of Fe-10Cr-4Al-RE Alloy Cracks Overlayed on 316L Steel Plate
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 15:10, s. 3541-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the possibility of applying different welding strategies to overlay an FeCrAl layer against corrosion from heavy liquid metal on a plain plate made of 316L austenitic stainless steel was investigated. This technology could be used in manufacturing the main vessel of CiADS, which may be considered as a more economic and feasible solution than production with the corrosion-resistant FeCrAl alloy directly. The main operational parameters of the laser welding process, including laser power, weld wire feeding speed, diameter of the welding wire, etc., were adjusted correspondingly to the optimized mechanical properties of the welded plate. After performing the standard nuclear-grade bending tests, it can be preliminarily confirmed that the low-power pulse laser with specific operational parameters and an enhanced cooling strategy will be suitable to surface an Fe-10Cr-4Al-RE layer with a thickness of approximately 1 mm on a 40 mm-thick 316L stainless steel plate, thanks to the upgraded mechanical properties incurred by refined grains with a maximum size of around 300 mu m in the welded layer.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Yang, Liu, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Guideline on Hypertension Prevalence Compared With the Fourth Report in an International Cohort.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - : American Heart Association. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 74:6, s. 1343-1348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated the clinical practice guideline for high blood pressure (BP) in the pediatric population. In this study, we compared the difference in prevalence of elevated and hypertensive BP values defined by the 2017 AAP guideline and the 2004 Fourth Report and estimated the cardiovascular risk associated with the reclassification of BP status defined by the AAP guideline. A total of 47 200 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years from 6 countries (China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, and Tunisia) were included in this study. Elevated BP and hypertension were defined according to 2 guidelines. In addition, 1606 children from China, Iran, and Korea who were reclassified upward by the AAP guideline compared with the Fourth Report and for whom laboratory data were available were 1:1 matched with children from the same countries who were normotensive by both guidelines. Compared with the Fourth Report, the prevalence of elevated BP defined by the AAP guideline was lower (14.9% versus 8.6%), whereas the prevalence of stages 1 and 2 hypertension was higher (stage 1, 6.6% versus 14.5%; stage 2, 0.4% versus 1.7%). Additionally, comparison of laboratory data in the case-control study showed that children who were reclassified upward were more likely to have adverse lipid profiles and high fasting blood glucose compared with normotensive children. In conclusion, the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension varied significantly between both guidelines. Applying the new AAP guideline could identify more children with hypertension who are at increased cardiovascular risk.
|
|
| 27. |
- Yang, Liu, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Guideline on Hypertension Prevalence Compared With the Fourth Report in an International Cohort
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 74:6, s. 1343-1348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated the clinical practice guideline for high blood pressure (BP) in the pediatric population. In this study, we compared the difference in prevalence of elevated and hypertensive BP values defined by the 2017 AAP guideline and the 2004 Fourth Report and estimated the cardiovascular risk associated with the reclassification of BP status defined by the AAP guideline. A total of 47 200 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years from 6 countries (China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, and Tunisia) were included in this study. Elevated BP and hypertension were defined according to 2 guidelines. In addition, 1606 children from China, Iran, and Korea who were reclassified upward by the AAP guideline compared with the Fourth Report and for whom laboratory data were available were 1:1 matched with children from the same countries who were normotensive by both guidelines. Compared with the Fourth Report, the prevalence of elevated BP defined by the AAP guideline was lower (14.9% versus 8.6%), whereas the prevalence of stages 1 and 2 hypertension was higher (stage 1, 6.6% versus 14.5%; stage 2, 0.4% versus 1.7%). Additionally, comparison of laboratory data in the case-control study showed that children who were reclassified upward were more likely to have adverse lipid profiles and high fasting blood glucose compared with normotensive children. In conclusion, the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension varied significantly between both guidelines. Applying the new AAP guideline could identify more children with hypertension who are at increased cardiovascular risk.
|
|
| 28. |
- Yang, Sheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a welding process to overlay FeCrAl alloy on a thin wall austenitic stainless steel tube
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1791. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigated the possibility of applying the low power pulse laser welding technology to surface a protective layer against heavy liquid metal corrosion in fuel cladding tube made of austenitic 316L stainless steel. Based on results from flaring, flattening, bending tests and metallographic microscope investigations, we can preliminarily confirm the possibility of using low power pulse laser with specific power input to weld Fe-10Cr-4Al-RE alloy on the outer surface of a 316L stainless steel tube with the inner diameter of 11.8 mm and wall thickness of 0.65 mm.
|
|
| 29. |
- Yin, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Glucose esters as biobased PVC plasticizers
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Polymer Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-3057 .- 1873-1945. ; 58, s. 34-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Utilization of glucose, produced by liquefaction of cellulose or other abundant biomass sources, as raw material for production of green plasticizers would offer an attractive alternative to traditional phthalate plasticizers. Three glucose hexanoate esters (GHs) were synthesized by one-step reaction and evaluated as green plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The esterification was carried out for three different time periods to obtain plasticizers with different number of hexanoate groups, as the degree of substitution could influence the miscibility between PVC and GHs. A fast and powerful laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) method was developed to obtain molecular level structural information of the plasticizer structures. All the GHs showed good miscibility with PVC and the GH blends exhibited better mechanical properties, in the form of higher strain at break and lower modulus, as compared to glucose pentaacetate (GPA) and sucrose octaacetate (SOA) blends that were studied in comparison. Altogether the results indicate that the synthesized glucose esters have large potential as green PVC plasticizers and they could be a promising option to overcome the environmental problems caused by phthalate plasticizers.
|
|
| 30. |
- Zhang, Wenzhu, et al.
(författare)
-
Responsive ruthenium complex probe for phosphorescence and time-gated luminescence detection of bisulfite
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 49:17, s. 5531-5538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensitive and selective quantification of specific analytes is of great significance in analytical and environmental sciences, as well as in the food industry. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of a responsive ruthenium(ii) complex probe, Ru-azo, for phosphorescence and time-gated luminescence (TGL) detection of bisulfite, an important additive in the food industry. Upon a specific nucleophilic addition reaction between bisulfite and the azo group of Ru-azo, a new ruthenium(ii) complex, Ru-SO3, was obtained, which resulted in a remarkable increase in phosphorescence intensity, allowing the bisulfite detection to be achieved. In addition, long-lived emissions of Ru-azo (tau = 258 ns) and Ru-SO3 (tau = 261 ns) also enabled the TGL detection of bisulfite in autofluorescence-rich food samples. Through theoretical computations, the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process within the ruthenium(ii) complex was validated, which unveiled the rationality of the luminescence off-on response of Ru-azo to bisulfite. The probe showed advantages of good water solubility, and high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy for responding to bisulfite, facilitating its application in phosphorescence and TGL detection of bisulfite in aqueous and food samples.
|
|
| 31. |
- Zhao, Wenyan, et al.
(författare)
-
A CLOUD-BASED APPROACH TO SUPPORT THE MOBILE PHONE RECYCLING INDUSTRY IN CHINA
- 2016
-
Ingår i: ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, MSEC 2016. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the waste mobile phones are generated in large quantity in China. Those e-wastes gain more and more attention because of both the sharp increase in quantity and the recyclable resources they contain. Furthermore, the mobile phone recycling industry has experienced a trend of rapid growth as well. However, due to the lack of national policies and legislations, the recycling industry is now facing problems in recycling processes. Thus in this paper, mobile phone recycling industry in China is systematically analyzed and a Cloud-based approach is developed which integrates tracking, interaction and coordinator mechanism through the recycling processes. With the integration of various stakeholders, the system can provide integrated data system throughout the whole life cycle of the mobile phones for the policy maker, and provide guidance for the operations during recycling service for the recycling stakeholders.
|
|
