| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Fang, Aoqi, et al.
(författare)
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High Color Conversion Efficiency Realized in Graphene-Connected Nanorod Micro-LEDs Using Hybrid Ag Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - 2195-1071. ; 12:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a uniform nanorod (NR) array is etched onto the surface of Micro-Light-Emitting-Diodes (µLEDs) and mix Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with QDs to fill the gaps between the nanorods. Simultaneously, the study utilizes graphene to connect individual nanorods and enhance current spreading. The nanorod array's structure significantly reduces the distance between the QDs and the quantum well (QW), reducing energy loss from the excitation light source through a non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) mechanism. Additionally, the Ag NPs function as localized surface plasmons (LSPs), further enhancing the CCE of QDs via the absorption resonance. In this study, the effects of two types of Ag NPs are compared with different absorption resonance peaks on device performance. The results demonstrate that Ag NPs with absorption resonance peaks matching the emission wavelength of QDs play a more crucial role in the system. This configuration achieves a CCE of 77.78% for µLEDs with nanorod arrays, operating at a current of 10 mA. Compared to the conventional µLED structure with QDs only on the surface, the proposed method improves the CCE of µLEDs by an impressive 86.5%. This outcome underscores the significant contribution of the NR structure and LSPs in enhancing the CCE of QD-µLEDs.
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| 5. |
- Gu, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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A metabolite from commensal Candida albicans enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages and protects against sepsis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cellular & Molecular Immunology. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 1672-7681 .- 2042-0226. ; 20:10, s. 1156-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut microbiome is recognized as a key modulator of sepsis development. However, the contribution of the gut mycobiome to sepsis development is still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the level of Candida albicans was markedly decreased in patients with bacterial sepsis, and the supernatant of Candida albicans culture significantly decreased the bacterial load and improved sepsis symptoms in both cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-challenged mice and Escherichia coli-challenged pigs. Integrative metabolomics and the genetic engineering of fungi revealed that Candida albicans-derived phenylpyruvate (PPA) enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages and reduced organ damage during sepsis. Mechanistically, PPA directly binds to sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for eventual bacterial clearance. Importantly, PPA enhanced the bacterial clearance capacity of macrophages in sepsis patients and was inversely correlated with the severity of sepsis in patients. Our findings highlight the crucial contribution of commensal fungi to bacterial disease modulation and expand our understanding of the host-mycobiome interaction during sepsis development. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to CSI and USTC.
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| 6. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Driven Electrochromic Window System Cu/WOx-Al3+/GR with Dynamic Optical Modulation and Static Graph Display Functions
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:8, s. 10517-10525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic devices with unique advantages of electrical/optical bistability are highly desired for energy-saving and information storage applications. Here, we put forward a self-driven AI-ion electrochromic system, which utilizes WOx films, Cu foil, and graphite rod as electrochromic optical modulation and graph display electrodes, coloration potential supplying electrodes, and bleaching potential supplying electrodes, respectively. The inactive Cu electrode can not only realize the effective Al3+ cation intercalation into electrochromic WOx electrodes but also eliminate the problem of metal anode consumption. The electrochromic WOx electrodes cycled in Al3+ aqueous media exhibit a wide potential window (similar to 1.5 V), high coloration efficiency (36.0 cm(2)/C), and super-long-term cycle stability (>2000 cycles). The dynamic optical modulation and static graph display function can be achieved independently only by switching the electrode connection mode, thus bringing more features to this electrochromic system. For a large-area electrochromic system (10 x 10 cm(2)), the absolute transmittance value in its color-neutral state can reach about 41% (27%) at 633 nm (780 nm) by connecting the Cu and WOx electrodes for 140 s. The original transparent state can be readily recovered by replacing the Cu foil with the graphite rod. This work throws light on next-generation electrochromic applications for optical/thermal modulation, privacy protection, and information display.
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| 7. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
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Unprecedented Electrochromic Stability of a-WO3-x Thin Films Achieved by Using a Hybrid-Cationic Electrolyte
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:9, s. 11067-11077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With large interstitial space volumes and fast ion diffusion pathways, amorphous metal oxides as cathodic intercalation materials for electrochromic devices have attracted attention. However, these incompact thin films normally suffer from two inevitable imperfections: self-deintercalation of guest ions and poor stability of the structure, which constitute a big obstacle toward the development of high-stable commercial applications. Here, we present a low-cost, eco-friendly hybrid cation 1,2-PG-AlCl3 center dot 6H(2)O electrolyte, in which the sputter-deposited a-WO3-x thin film can exhibit both the long-desired excellent open-circuit memory (>100 h, with zero optical loss) and super-long cycling lifetime (similar to 20,000 cycles, with 80% optical modulation), benefiting from the formation of unique Al-hydroxide-based solid electrolyte interphase during electrochromic operations. In addition, the optical absorption behaviors in a-WO3-x caused by host-guest interactions were elaborated. We demonstrated that the intervalence transfers are primarily via the "corner-sharing" related path (W5+ <-> W6+) but not the "edge-sharing" related paths (W4+ <-> W6+ and/or W4+ <-> W5+), and the small polaron/electron transfers taking place at the W-O bond-breaking positions are not allowed. Our findings might provide in-depth insights into the nature of electrochromism and provide a significant step in the realization of more stable, more excellent electrochromic applications based on amorphous metal oxides.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Liu, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 119:4, s. 911-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune-mediated nephritis contributes to disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture syndrome (caused by antibodies specific for glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM antibodies]), and spontaneous lupus nephritis. Inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced and spontaneous lupus nephritis. This study sought to clarify the genetic and molecular factors that maybe responsible for enhanced immune-mediated renal disease in these models. When the kidneys of 3 mouse strains sensitive to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis were compared with those of 2 control strains using microarray analysis, one-fifth of the underexpressed genes belonged to the kallikrein gene family,which encodes serine esterases. Mouse strains that upregulated renal and urinary kallikreins exhibited less evidence of disease. Antagonizing the kallikrein pathway augmented disease, while agonists dampened the severity of anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis. In addition, nephritis-sensitive mouse strains had kallikrein haplotypes that were distinct from those of control strains, including several regulatory polymorphisms,some of which were associated with functional consequences. Indeed, increased susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis was achieved by breeding mice with a genetic interval harboring the kallikrein genes onto a disease-resistant background. Finally, both human SLE and spontaneous lupus nephritis were found to be associated with kallikrein genes, particularly KLK1 and the KLK3 promoter, when DNA SNPs from independent cohorts of SLE patients and controls were compared. Collectively, these studies suggest that kallikreins are protective disease-associated genes in anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and lupus.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Ke, et al.
(författare)
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X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 68:5, s. 1290-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47, XXX; occurring in similar to 1 in 1,000 live female births) would be increased in patients with female-predominant diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjogrens syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to patients with diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and compared to controls. Methods. All subjects in this study were female. We identified subjects with 47, XXX using aggregate data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and, when possible, we confirmed the presence of 47, XXX using fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results. We found 47, XXX in 7 of 2,826 SLE patients and in 3 of 1,033 SS patients, but in only 2 of 7,074 controls (odds ratio in the SLE and primary SS groups 8.78 [95% confidence interval 1.67-86.79], P = 0.003 and odds ratio 10.29 [95% confidence interval 1.18-123.47], P = 0.02, respectively). One in 404 women with SLE and 1 in 344 women with SS had 47, XXX. There was an excess of 47, XXX among SLE and SS patients. Conclusion. The estimated prevalence of SLE and SS in women with 47, XXX was similar to 2.5 and similar to 2.9 times higher, respectively, than that in women with 46, XX and similar to 25 and similar to 41 times higher, respectively, than that in men with 46, XY. No statistically significant increase of 47, XXX was observed in other female-biased diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis or RA), supporting the idea of multiple pathways to sex bias in autoimmunity.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 13. |
- Lu, Chaoru, et al.
(författare)
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The role of alternative fuel buses in the transition period of public transport electrification in Europe: a lifecycle perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-8318 .- 1556-8334. ; 17:6, s. 626-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In alignment with climate change, the European Union endeavors to accelerate the electrification progress of the public transit system. In particular, Copenhagen in Denmark and Oslo in Norway develop a blueprint to have 100% public transit electrification by 2030 and 2028, respectively. In this study, the lifecycle approach is applied to explore the role of electric buses in the electrification progress of the public transport system in different European countries. To better model the energy/fuel consumption, we integrate the theoretical model of human thermal comfortable temperature into our proposed framework. We take into account the effects of weather, the daily operation characteristics, and the energy mix of different European counties, and evaluate the lifecycle environmental and economic performance of electric buses. The result shows that the public transportation system with both hybrid and electric buses can be good compensation between financial and environmental needs instead of using electric buses to replace all the conventional buses. Moreover, the operational plan of the public transportation system mixed with electric and hybrid buses may be adjusted according to the seasonal temperature variation so as to maximize the environmental benefits. Considering the different economic and environmental scenarios of energy sources, some EU countries would be able to reduce or remove the incentives for electric buses.
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| 14. |
- Peng, Chuanyu, et al.
(författare)
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How servant leadership predicts employee resilience in public organizations : a social identity perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42:35, s. 31405-31420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through the lens of social identity theory, this work aims to investigate the impact of servant leadership on employee resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their underlying mechanisms through two types of social identity: organizational identification and professional identity. To test our hypotheses, an online survey was conducted via a large number of 703 employees working in public organizations in southwest China. Results yielded from the structural equation modeling analysis via AMOS (24.0) indicated that the effect of servant leadership on employee resilience was fully mediated by organizational identification and professional identity, respectively. Besides, the association between servant leadership and employee resilience was sequentially mediated from organizational identification to professional identity, and from professional identity to organizational identification. This study provides the first evidence of the predictive effect of servant leadership on employee resilience through organizational identification and professional identity, highlighting the significance of social identity for building and maintaining employees' resilience in coping with challenges posed by COVID-19.
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| 15. |
- Senanayake, Indunil C., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 122, s. 161-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
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| 16. |
- Sun, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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VLBI observations to the APOD satellite
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 61:3, s. 823-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The APOD (Atmospheric density detection and Precise Orbit Determination) is the first LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite in orbit co-located with a dual-frequency GNSS (GPS/BD) receiver, an SLR reflector, and a VLBI X/S dual band beacon. From the overlap statistics between consecutive solution arcs and the independent validation by SLR measurements, the orbit position deviation was below 10 cm before the on-board GNSS receiver got partially operational. In this paper, the focus is on the VLBI observations to the LEO satellite from multiple geodetic VLBI radio telescopes, since this is the first implementation of a dedicated VLBI transmitter in low Earth orbit. The practical problems of tracking a fast moving spacecraft with current VLBI ground infrastructure were solved and strong interferometric fringes were obtained by cross-correlation of APOD carrier and DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) signals. The precision in X-band time delay derived from 0.1 s integration time of the correlator output is on the level of 0.1 ns. The APOD observations demonstrate encouraging prospects of co-location of multiple space geodetic techniques in space, as a first prototype.
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| 17. |
- Wu, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Flow as a Key Predictor of Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese University Students : A Chain Mediating Model
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated a conceptual model by testing flow experience and subjective well-being of university students during Coronavirus Diseas-19 (COVID-19) via considering their underlying mechanisms of academic self-efficacy and self-esteem. A total of 1,109 Chinese university students completed a questionnaire containing scales of subjective well-being, flow, academic self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Results yielded from the structural equation modeling analysis indicated a significant and positive association between flow experience and subjective well-being, and such an association was sequentially mediated by academic self-efficacy and self-esteem. Findings also provided empirical evidence for the proposed model highlighting the significant role of flow experience at the higher educational context in predicting subjective well-being of Chinese university students, and how such a relation can be supported by suggested mediating roles academic self-efficacy and self-esteem played.
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| 18. |
- Xie, Kefan, et al.
(författare)
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Early-warning analysis of crowd stampede in metro station commercial area based on internet of things
- 2019
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Ingår i: Multimedia tools and applications. - : SPRINGER. - 1380-7501 .- 1573-7721. ; 78:21, s. 30141-30157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crowd stampede has attracted significant attention of emergency management researchers in recent years. Early-warning of crowd stampede in metro station commercial area is discussed in this paper under the context of Internet of Things (IoT). Metro station commercial area is one of the entity carriers of E-commerce. IOT is a new concept of realizing intelligent sense, monitoring, tracking and management, which can be used in early-warning analysis of crowd stampede in metro station. Stampede risk early-warning in commercial area plays an important role in ensuring the operation of e-commerce online. Firstly, the laws and characteristics of the crowd movement in the commercial area of metro station are studied, which include the laeuna effect, block effect and aggravation effect. Secondly, the early-warning paradigm is constructed from four dimensions, ie. function, modules, principle and process. And then, under the IOT environment, the AHPsort II is applied to integrate the early-warning information and classify the stampede risk level. Finally, the paper takes the commercial area of Wuhan A metro station as an example to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the AHPsort II application to early-warning of crowd stampede in metro station commercial area.
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| 19. |
- Yao, Xiangyu, et al.
(författare)
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A highly sensitive bead-based flow cytometric competitive binding assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) is critical for assessing the immunity levels after virus infection or vaccination. As fast, cost-effective alternatives to viral infection-based assays, competitive binding (CB) assays were developed to quantitate nAb by monitoring the ability of sera to inhibit the binding of viral spike (S) protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Herein, we established a bead-based flow cytometric CB assay and tested the detection performance of six combination models, i.e. immobilized ACE2 and soluble Fc-tagged S1 subunit of S protein (iACE2/S1-Fc), immobilized ACE2 and soluble Fc-tagged receptor binding domain (RBD) of S protein (iACE2/RBD-Fc), immobilized S1 and soluble Fc-tagged ACE2 (iS1/ACE2-Fc), immobilized S1 and soluble His-tagged ACE2 (iS1/ACE2-His), immobilized RBD and soluble Fc-tagged ACE2 (iRBD/ACE2-Fc), and immobilized RBD and soluble His-tagged ACE2 (iRBD/ACE2-His). Using SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and sera of convalescent COVID-19 patients and vaccinated subjects, the combination models iACE2/RBD-Fc, iACE2/S1-Fc and iS1/ACE2-His were identified to be able to specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 nAb, among which iACE2/RBD-Fc model showed the highest sensitivity, superior to a commercial SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) ELISA kit. Further studies demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of CB assays were affected by the tag of ACE2, type of spike and method of measuring binding rate between ACE2 and spike. Moreover, the iACE2/RBD-Fc model showed good performance in detecting kinetic development of nAb against both the prototype SARS-CoV-2 strain and an omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in people immunized by an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and the results of iACE2/RBD-Fc model are correlated well with those of live virus-based and pseudovirus-based neutralization tests, demonstrating the potential to be developed into a highly sensitive, specific, versatile and high-throughput method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 nAb in clinical practice.
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