| 1. |
- Barrenäs, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Macrophage-associated wound healing contributes to African green monkey SIV pathogenesis control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) avoid AIDS despite lifelong infection. Here, we examined how this outcome is achieved by comparing a natural SIV host, African green monkey (AGM) to an AIDS susceptible species, rhesus macaque (RM). To asses gene expression profiles from acutely SIV infected AGMs and RMs, we developed a systems biology approach termed Conserved Gene Signature Analysis (CGSA), which compared RNA sequencing data from rectal AGM and RM tissues to various other species. We found that AGMs rapidly activate, and then maintain, evolutionarily conserved regenerative wound healing mechanisms in mucosal tissue. The wound healing protein fibronectin shows distinct tissue distribution and abundance kinetics in AGMs. Furthermore, AGM monocytes exhibit an embryonic development and repair/regeneration signature featuring TGF-beta and concomitant reduced expression of inflammatory genes compared to RMs. This regenerative wound healing process likely preserves mucosal integrity and prevents inflammatory insults that underlie immune exhaustion in RMs.
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| 2. |
- Fu, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and its specific components on blood pressure and hypertension incidence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment International. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) and its specific components with hypertension and blood pressure is limited. Methods: We applied information of participants from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) to estimate the associations of long-term PM2.5 mass and its chemical components exposure with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults ≥ 50 years during 2007–2018. Generalized linear mixed model and Cox proportional hazard model were applied to investigate the effects of PM2.5 mass and its chemical components on the incidence of hypertension and BP, respectively. Results: Each interquartile range (IQR = 16.80 μg/m3) increase in the one-year average of PM2.5 mass concentration was associated with a 17 % increase in the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.10, 1.24), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) was 23.44 % (95 % CI: 14.69 %, 31.55 %). Each IQR μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was also related to increases of systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 2.54 mmHg (95 % CI:1.99, 3.10), and of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 1.36 mmHg (95 % CI: 1.04, 1.68). Additionally, the chemical components of SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OM, and BC were also positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension incidence and elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: These results indicate that long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its specific components may be major drivers of escalation in hypertension diseases.
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| 3. |
- Raehtz, Kevin D., et al.
(författare)
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African green monkeys avoid SIV disease progression by preventing intestinal dysfunction and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African nonhuman primates that are natural hosts to SIVs can provide us with unique insight into the pathogenesis of HIV disease due to their remarkable ability to avoid progression to AIDS, despite high levels of viral replication. A key question of SIV pathogenesis in natural hosts is whether the lack of disease progression is due to an exquisite ability to repair lesions occurring during the acute infection or to completely maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier throughout the SIV infection. In pathogenic HIV/SIV infections of humans and macaques, the mucosal integrity is compromised during acute infection, leading to leakage of gut microbial byproducts and to the occurrence of chronic local and systemic inflammation, which plays a crucial role in driving progression to AIDS. Our study shows that the mucosal barrier integrity is never lost in African green monkeys, thereby avoiding the effects of chronic inflammation and disease progression. Unlike HIV infection, SIV infection is generally nonpathogenic in natural hosts, such as African green monkeys (AGMs), despite life-long high viral replication. Lack of disease progression was reportedly based on the ability of SIV-infected AGMs to prevent gut dysfunction, avoiding microbial translocation and the associated systemic immune activation and chronic inflammation. Yet, the maintenance of gut integrity has never been documented, and the mechanism(s) by which gut integrity is preserved are unknown. We sought to investigate the early events of SIV infection in AGMs, specifically examining the impact of SIVsab infection on the gut mucosa. Twenty-nine adult male AGMs were intrarectally infected with SIVsab92018 and serially sacrificed at well-defined stages of SIV infection, preramp-up (1-3 days post-infection (dpi)), ramp-up (4-6 dpi), peak viremia (9-12 dpi), and early chronic SIV infection (46-55 dpi), to assess the levels of immune activation, apoptosis, epithelial damage and microbial translocation in the GI tract and peripheral lymph nodes. Tissue viral loads, plasma cytokines and plasma markers of gut dysfunction were also measured throughout the course of early infection. While a strong, but transient, interferon-based inflammatory response was observed, the levels of plasma markers linked to enteropathy did not increase. Accordingly, no significant increases in apoptosis of either mucosal enterocytes or lymphocytes, and no damage to the mucosal epithelium were documented during early SIVsab infection of AGMs. These findings were supported by RNAseq of the gut tissue, which found no significant alterations in gene expression that would indicate microbial translocation. Thus, for the first time, we confirmed that gut epithelial integrity is preserved, with no evidence of microbial translocation, in AGMs throughout early SIVsab infection. This might protect AGMs from developing intestinal dysfunction and the subsequent chronic inflammation that drives both HIV disease progression and HIV-associated comorbidities.
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| 4. |
- Zeng, Ruixue, et al.
(författare)
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A reference-less semiconductor ion sensor
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 254, s. 102-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion sensing represents a grand research field with tremendous challenges and ample opportunities. A proper operation of ion sensors demands a robust reference electrode (RE), but on-chip integration of a conventional liquid-filled RE is incompatible with semiconductor technology for manufacturing ion-sensitive field-effect transistors as electronic sensors. Here, we demonstrate a reference-less semiconductor ion sensor, RELESIS, that integrates an interdigitated electrode (IDE) with a field-effect transistor. As a constant solution potential is no longer necessary, the use of RELESIS eliminates the need of any RE in ion sensing. The evaluated IDE comprises two intertwined metallic combs, each being covered with a specific sensing layer. One of the combs is connected to the transistor for readout while another is biased with a voltage signal source. Our extensive measurement results with pH sensing confirm that the sensitivity of RELESIS is exclusively determined by the sensitivity difference of the two sensing layers. By eliminating bulky REs, the RELESIS may find myriad ion-sensing applications owing to its miniaturisability, integrability, flexibility and cost advantages.
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| 5. |
- Zeng, Ruixue, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and Characterization of Novel Reference-Less Semiconductor Ion Sensor for pH Sensing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 281, s. 60-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SPICE macromodel is developed for a novel reference-less semiconductor ion sensor (RELESIS), which has been proposed to eliminate the use of reference electrode in the field effect based sensor detection. The working principle of the RELESIS, previously validated by a prototype device via pH sensing, is featured by non-constant bulk solution potential, which distincts itself from any conventional ion sensitive field effect transistor. Simulations are performed here using the macromodel and the results fit well with the experimental data. The proposed SPICE macromodel can be used to predict the behavior of the RELESIS and carry out performance optimizations for the RELESIS to be used in various applications.
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