| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of the atmospheric muon flux in IceCube
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 78, s. 1-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muons produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers account for the by far dominant part of the event yield in large-volume underground particle detectors. The IceCube detector, with an instrumented volume of about a cubic kilometer, has the potential to conduct unique investigations on atmospheric muons by exploiting the large collection area and the possibility to track particles over a long distance. Through detailed reconstruction of energy deposition along the tracks, the characteristics of muon bundles can be quantified, and individual particles of exceptionally high energy identified. The data can then be used to constrain the cosmic ray primary flux and the contribution to atmospheric lepton fluxes from prompt decays of short-lived hadrons. In this paper, techniques for the extraction of physical measurements from atmospheric muon events are described and first results are presented. The multiplicity spectrum of TeV muons in cosmic ray air showers for primaries in the energy range from the knee to the ankle is derived and found to be consistent with recent results from surface detectors. The single muon energy spectrum is determined up to PeV energies and shows a clear indication for the emergence of a distinct spectral component from prompt decays of short-lived hadrons. The magnitude of the prompt flux, which should include a substantial contribution from light vector meson di-muon decays, is consistent with current theoretical predictions. The variety of measurements and high event statistics can also be exploited for the evaluation of systematic effects. In the course of this study, internal inconsistencies in the zenith angle distribution of events were found which indicate the presence of an unexplained effect outside the currently applied range of detector systematics. The underlying cause could be related to the hadronic interaction models used to describe muon production in air showers.
|
|
| 7. |
- Baxter, Amanda L., et al.
(författare)
-
Collaborative experience between scientific software projects using Agile Scrum development
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Software, practice & experience. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0038-0644 .- 1097-024X. ; 52:10, s. 2077-2096
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing sustainable software for the scientific community requires expertise in software engineering and domain science. This can be challenging due to the unique needs of scientific software, the insufficient resources for software engineering practices in the scientific community, and the complexity of developing for evolving scientific contexts. While open-source software can partially address these concerns, it can introduce complicating dependencies and delay development. These issues can be reduced if scientists and software developers collaborate. We present a case study wherein scientists from the SuperNova Early Warning System collaborated with software developers from the Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics project. The collaboration addressed the difficulties of open-source software development, but presented additional risks to each team. For the scientists, there was a concern of relying on external systems and lacking control in the development process. For the developers, there was a risk in supporting a user-group while maintaining core development. These issues were mitigated by creating a second Agile Scrum framework in parallel with the developers' ongoing Agile Scrum process. This Agile collaboration promoted communication, ensured that the scientists had an active role in development, and allowed the developers to evaluate and implement the scientists' software requirements. The collaboration provided benefits for each group: the scientists actuated their development by using an existing platform, and the developers utilized the scientists' use-case to improve their systems. This case study suggests that scientists and software developers can avoid scientific computing issues by collaborating and that Agile Scrum methods can address emergent concerns.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hardwick, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
A roadmap for STEP-NC-enabled interoperable manufacturing
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 68:5-8, s. 1023-1037
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The STEP-NC-AP 238 and ISO 14649 standard is the result of a 10-year international effort to replace the RS274D (ISO 6983) G and M code standard with a modern associative language that connects the CAD design data used to determine the machining requirements for an operation with the CAM process data that is used in creating a machining solution to satisfy these requirements. STEP-NC builds on the previous 10 years effort to develop the STEP neutral data standard for CAD data, and uses the modern geometric constructs in that standard to specify device independent tool paths, and CAM independent volume removal features. STEP-Manufacturing, Team 24 in Working Group 3 (WG3) of ISO TC184/SC4, is developing and validating the STEP-NC standard in liaison with Working Group (WG7) of ISO TC184/SC1 who provides the domain-specific input (ISO 14649) used within the standard. This paper reviews the demonstrations carried out by STEP-Manufacturing over the past 10 years. These demonstrations have been international collaborations between industry, academia, and research agencies. Each demonstration focused on extending the STEP-NC data model for a different application.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karlsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide annotation of protein-coding genes in pig
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 1741-7007. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need for functional genome-wide annotation of the protein-coding genes to get a deeper understanding of mammalian biology. Here, a new annotation strategy is introduced based on dimensionality reduction and density-based clustering of whole-body co-expression patterns. This strategy has been used to explore the gene expression landscape in pig, and we present a whole-body map of all protein-coding genes in all major pig tissues and organs. Results: An open-access pig expression map (www.rnaatlas.org ) is presented based on the expression of 350 samples across 98 well-defined pig tissues divided into 44 tissue groups. A new UMAP-based classification scheme is introduced, in which all protein-coding genes are stratified into tissue expression clusters based on body-wide expression profiles. The distribution and tissue specificity of all 22,342 protein-coding pig genes are presented. Conclusions: Here, we present a new genome-wide annotation strategy based on dimensionality reduction and density-based clustering. A genome-wide resource of the transcriptome map across all major tissues and organs in pig is presented, and the data is available as an open-access resource (www.rnaatlas.org), including a comparison to the expression of human orthologs.
|
|
| 10. |
- Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al.
(författare)
-
Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
|
|
| 11. |
- Wen, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
IPeak : An open source tool to combine results from multiple MS/MS search engines
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 15:17, s. 2916-2920
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an important technique for detecting peptides in proteomics studies. Here, we present an open source software tool, termed IPeak, a peptide identification pipeline that is designed to combine the Percolator post-processing algorithm and multi-search strategy to enhance the sensitivity of peptide identifications without compromising accuracy. IPeak provides a graphical user interface (GUI) as well as a command-line interface, which is implemented in JAVA and can work on all three major operating system platforms: Windows, Linux/Unix and OS X. IPeak has been designed to work with the mzIdentML standard from the Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) as an input and output, and also been fully integrated into the associated mzidLibrary project, providing access to the overall pipeline, as well as modules for calling Percolator on individual search engine result files. The integration thus enables IPeak (and Percolator) to be used in conjunction with any software packages implementing the mzIdentML data standard. IPeak is freely available and can be downloaded under an Apache 2.0 license at https://code.google.com/p/mzidentml-lib/.
|
|
| 12. |
- Xu, K., et al.
(författare)
-
GaN nanorod light emitting diodes with suspended graphene transparent electrodes grown by rapid chemical vapor deposition
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 103:22, s. 5-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ordered and dense GaN light emitting nanorods are studied with polycrystalline graphene grown by rapid chemical vapor deposition as suspended transparent electrodes. As the substitute of indium tin oxide, the graphene avoids complex processing to fill up the gaps between nanorods and subsequent surface flattening and offers high conductivity to improve the carrier injection. The as-fabricated devices have 32% improvement in light output power compared to conventional planar GaN-graphene diodes. The suspended graphene remains electrically stable up to 300 degrees C in air. The graphene can be obtained at low cost and high efficiency, indicating its high potential in future applications.
|
|
| 13. |
- Xu, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Graphene GaN-Based Schottky Ultraviolet Detectors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 62:9, s. 2802-2808
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene GaN-based Schottky ultraviolet detectors are fabricated. The monolayer graphene is grown by chemical vapor deposition. The graphene is much more transparent than metals, as confirmed by the fact that our devices retain their high responsivity up to 360-nm wavelength (corresponding to the band edge absorption of GaN). Importantly, by virtue of the tunable work function of graphene, the graphene GaN Schottky barrier height can be greatly enlarged. The built-in field is enhanced, and the detector performance is improved. The current ratio with and without luminescence is up to 1.6 x 10(4). The characteristic time constants of the devices are in the order of a few milliseconds. The device open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are also increased. At last, special type Schottky devices consisting of GaN nanorods or surface-etched GaN are prepared for complementary study. It is found although the dry etching induced surface defects lead to an increase in the dark current, and these carrier traps also greatly contribute to the photoconductivity under luminescence, resulting in extraordinarily large responsivity (up to 360 A/W at -6 V).
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Dong, Y. B., et al.
(författare)
-
High Light Extraction Efficiency AlGaInP LEDs With Proton Implanted Current Blocking Layer
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 37:10, s. 1303-1306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving light extraction efficiency is the key issue for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Nowadays, a vertical structure design dominates LEDs. However, the light from the active region just below the p-electrode is severely blocked by the metal contact. In this letter, we use proton implantation with a depth all the way to the active region to turn the part beneath the p-pad insulating, which constitutes the most-effective-ever current blocking method. Earlier particle implantation studies never reached the device active region. Our experimental results show that the H+-implanted LEDs improve the light output power by 75% compared with non-implanted counterparts and the light intensity increases by 64.48%. By virtue of indium tin oxide current spreading film, the increase in working voltage is negligible. Analyzing the reverse leakage current, the side effect associated with the implantation is limited to an acceptable range. Numerical simulation is performed to support the experiment. Our results represent a new and simple method for solving the light blocking problem in vertical LEDs, without introducing the seemingly existing severe implantation damage to the device structure.
|
|
| 16. |
- Fan, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
A Data-Driven Machining Error Analysis Method for Finish Machining of Assembly Interfaces of Large-Scale Components
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing science and engineering. - : ASME International. - 1087-1357 .- 1528-8935. ; 143:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To guarantee the final assembly quality of the large-scale components, the assembly interfaces of large components need to be finish-machined on site. Such assembly interfaces are often in low-stiffness structure and made of difficult-to-cut materials, which makes it hard to fulfill machining tolerance. To solve this issue, a data-driven adaptive machining error analysis and compensation method is proposed based on on-machine measurement. Within this context, an initial definite plane is fitted via an improved robust iterating least-squares plane-fitting method based on the spatial statistical analysis result of machining errors of the key measurement points. Then, the parameters of the definite plane are solved by a simulated annealing-particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal definite plane; it effectively decomposes the machining error into systematic error and process error. To reduce these errors, compensation methods, tool-path adjustment method, and an optimized group of cutting parameters are proposed. The proposed method is validated by a set of cutting tests of an assembly interface of a large-scale aircraft vertical tail. The results indicate that the machining errors are successfully separated, and each type of error has been reduced by the proposed method. A 0.017 mm machining accuracy of the wall-thickness of the assembly interface has been achieved, well fulfilling the requirement of 0.05 mm tolerance.
|
|
| 17. |
- Fan, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
A machining accuracy informed adaptive positioning method for finish machining of assembly interfaces of large-scale aircraft components
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An assembly interface of a large-scale aircraft component is a joint surface to connect adjacent large components. To guarantee the final assembly accuracy of the large components, the assembly interface is finish machined on site before the final assembly to cut the observed machining allowance. Thus, aiming at realizing the high efficiency and high quality in the finish machining operation, in this paper we propose an adaptive positioning method that integrates comprehensive engineering constrains (including Positioning Accuracy Constraints (PACs) of the large component and Machining Accuracy Constraints (MACs) of the assembly interface). In this method, the key Measurement Points (MPs) of a component are assigned to obtain its initial pose. Then the measurement data and the initial pose are used as input data to obtain the optimal pose parameters of the component based on an improved Particle Swarm Optimization Simulated Annealing (PSO-SA) algorithm. The optimal pose parameters can provide data support for the adaptive positioning of the large component, the function of which is implemented based on IEC 61499 Function Block (FB) technology. Finally, a positioning experiment of a vertical tail of a large passenger aircraft is used to validate the proposed method. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can improve the efficiency and positioning accuracy of the large component, compared to the traditional method.
|
|
| 18. |
- Gao, Sanshuang, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensitive and Selective Differential Pulse Voltammetry Detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Using Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Film Electrode
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:13, s. H967-H974
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon matrix materials are regarded as one of the most important electrode materials for heavy metal detection. But even so, optimization procedures of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for tracing Cd(II) and Pb(II) remains challenging. Here, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers (N-PCNFs) were investigated as a new electrode material for determining the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II). By optimizing electrochemical conditions such as deposition potential, deposition time, pH of buffer solution, and quantity of N-PCNFs loaded on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the linear response curves of Cd(II) and Pb(II) could be obtained. Due to the unique structural feature and N content, the N-PCNFs possess excellent detection limits of 0.8 mu g L-1 for Cd(II) and 0.3 mu g L-1 for Pb(II) (S/N = 3). To manifest the practical use of the sensor platform the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in normal tap and waste water were monitored. According to the ICP-MS results, the calculated recovery (97.0-107%) indicates that N-PCNFs have potential as a candidate material to monitor the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in practical samples.
|
|
| 19. |
- Gharbia, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
-
Building Code Compliance for Off-Site Construction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 1943-4162 .- 1943-4170. ; 15:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are increasing concerns over building code, regulation compliance, and quality assurance issues in adopting off-site construction techniques in the construction industry related to meeting client expectations and regulatory requirements. Performance-based building regulations often allow for space for innovation but not a safe space for those who intend to introduce new construction techniques not prescribed in building regulations. Through a series of surveys conducted in Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, China, Singapore, and Australia, this study identified approaches and practices used in these countries that overcome compliance challenges when off-site construction techniques are used. The findings showed that manufacturer self-certification is the predominant approach for meeting code compliance requirements. A fit-for-purpose regulatory compliance system also warrants fair allocation of risks and liabilities to anyone involved in the supply chain. However, a healthy and functional regulatory system for off-site compliance requires third-party certification for products and factories and traceability. It is hoped that the lessons learned from this study can help policymakers introduce changes in product standards and legislation in order to improve the compliance and performance of off-site construction. This study concluded that a chain of custody approach is necessary in order to address quality concerns surrounding the adoption of prefabrication technology in countries that are increasingly exploring greater use of manufacturing in construction.
|
|
| 20. |
- Jia, Tao, et al.
(författare)
-
Epitaxial growth of TiSe2/TiO2 heterostructure
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2211-3398. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report that TiSe2 thin films can be epitaxially grown on TiO2 substrates despite different lattice symmetry between the two materials. The TiSe2 thin films can be prepared on TiO2 via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in two ways: by conventional co-deposition using selenium and titanium sources, and by evaporating just selenium on reconstructed surfaces of TiO2. Both growth methods yield crystalline thin films with similar electronic band structures. TiSe2 films on TiO2 substrates exhibit large electron doping and a lack of charge density wave (CDW) order, which is different from both bulk single crystal TiSe2 and TiSe2 thin films on graphene. These phenomena can be explained by selenium vacancies in the TiSe2 films, which naturally occur when these films are grown on TiO2 substrates. Our successful growth of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) films on a transition metal oxide (TMO) substrate provides a platform to further tune the electrical and optical properties of TMDC thin films.
|
|
| 21. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
|
|
| 22. |
- Kong, Z., et al.
(författare)
-
Growth and Strain Modulation of GeSn Alloys for Photonic and Electronic Applications
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GeSn materials have attracted considerable attention for their tunable band structures and high carrier mobilities, which serve well for future photonic and electronic applications. This research presents a novel method to incorporate Sn content as high as 18% into GeSn layers grown at 285–320◦C by using SnCl4 and GeH4 precursors. A series of characterizations were performed to study the material quality, strain, surface roughness, and optical properties of GeSn layers. The Sn content could be calculated using lattice mismatch parameters provided by X-ray analysis. The strain in GeSn layers was modulated from fully strained to partially strained by etching Ge buffer into Ge/GeSn heterostructures . In this study, two categories of samples were prepared when the Ge buffer was either laterally etched onto Si wafers, or vertically etched Ge/GeSnOI wafers which bonded to the oxide. In the latter case, the Ge buffer was initially etched step-by-step for the strain relaxation study. Meanwhile, the Ge/GeSn heterostructure in the first group of samples was patterned into the form of micro-disks. The Ge buffer was selectively etched by using a CF4/O2 gas mixture using a plasma etch tool. Fully or partially relaxed GeSn micro-disks showed photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. PL results showed that red-shift was clearly observed from the GeSn microdisk structure, indicating that the compressive strain in the as-grown GeSn material was partially released. Our results pave the path for the growth of high quality GeSn layers with high Sn content, in addition to methods for modulating the strain for lasing and detection of short-wavelength infrared at room temperature.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lamichhaney, Sangeet, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48:1, s. 84-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ruff is a Palearctic wader with a spectacular lekking behavior where highly ornamented males compete for females1,2,3,4. This bird has one of the most remarkable mating systems in the animal kingdom, comprising three different male morphs (independents, satellites and faeders) that differ in behavior, plumage color and body size. Remarkably, the satellite and faeder morphs are controlled by dominant alleles5,6. Here we have used whole-genome sequencing and resolved the enigma of how such complex phenotypic differences can have a simple genetic basis. The Satellite and Faeder alleles are both associated with a 4.5-Mb inversion that occurred about 3.8 million years ago. We propose an evolutionary scenario where the Satellite chromosome arose by a rare recombination event about 500,000 years ago. The ruff mating system is the result of an evolutionary process in which multiple genetic changes contributing to phenotypic differences between morphs have accumulated within the inverted region.
|
|
| 24. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
-
One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lewin, Harris A., et al.
(författare)
-
The Earth BioGenome Project 2020 : Starting the clock
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 26. |
- Lim, Kendrik Yan Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Graph-enabled cognitive digital twins for causal inference in maintenance processes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 62:13, s. 4717-4734
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of industrial systems demands more effective and intelligent maintenance approaches to address manufacturing defects arising from faults in multiple asset modules. Traditional digital twin (DT) systems, however, face limitations in interoperability, knowledge sharing, and causal inference. As such, cognitive digital twins (CDTs) can add value by managing a collaborative web of interconnected systems, facilitating advanced cross-domain analysis and dynamic context considerations. This paper introduces a CDT system that leverages industrial knowledge graphs (iKGs) to support maintenance planning and operations. By employing a design structure matrix (DSM) to model dependencies and relationships, a semantic translation approach maps the knowledge into a graph-based representation for reasoning and analysis. An automatic solution generation mechanism, utilising graph sequencing with Louvain and PageRank algorithms, derives feasible solutions, which can be validated via simulation to minimise production disruption impacts. The CDT system can also identify potential disruptions in new product designs, thus enabling preventive actions to be taken. A case study featuring a print production manufacturing line illustrates the CDT system's capabilities in causal inference and solution explainability. The study concludes with a discussion of limitations and future directions, providing valuable guidelines for manufacturers aiming to enhance reactive and predictive maintenance strategies.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Liu, Yongkui, et al.
(författare)
-
A framework for scheduling in cloud manufacturing with deep reinforcement learning
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics Aalto University (INDIN). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1775-1780
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a novel service-oriented networked manufacturing paradigm that aims to provide on-demand manufacturing cloud services to consumers. Scheduling is a critical means for achieving that aim. Currently, research on scheduling in cloud manufacturing is still in its infancy, and current frequently adopted meta-heuristic algorithm-based approaches have some shortcomings, e.g. they require complex design processes and lack adaptability to dynamic environments. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that combines advantages of reinforcement learning and deep learning provides an efficient, adaptive and intelligent approach for solving scheduling problems in cloud manufacturing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no application of DRL to scheduling in cloud manufacturing. This work conducts a preliminary exploration over this issue. First, a DRL-based framework for scheduling in cloud manufacturing is proposed. Then a DRL model for online single-task scheduling in cloud manufacturing is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. DRL as a promising technique will find wide applications in cloud manufacturing, and this work can provide some reference for future research on this.
|
|
| 29. |
- Liu, Yongkui, et al.
(författare)
-
Cloud manufacturing : key issues and future perspectives
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International journal of computer integrated manufacturing (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0951-192X .- 1362-3052. ; 32:9, s. 858-874
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the introduction of the concept of cloud manufacturing in 2010, research on it has been ongoing for more than eight years, and much progress has been made. However, existing research indicates that people lack common and comprehensive understandings of some of the key issues with cloud manufacturing such as the concept, operation model, service mode, technology system, architecture, and essential characteristics. Moreover, few studies discuss in depth the relationships between cloud manufacturing and some closely related concepts such as cloud computing-based manufacturing, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), smart manufacturing, Industry 4.0, and Industrial Internet. Knowledge as a core supporting factor in cloud manufacturing has rarely been discussed systematically. Also, so far there has been no standardised definition for cloud manufacturing yet. All these are key issues to be further discussed and analysed in cloud manufacturing. In order to clarify the issues above and provide reference for future research and implementation, this paper conducts a comprehensive, systematic, and in-depth discussion and analysis of the aforementioned issues in cloud manufacturing and presents an alternative definition for cloud manufacturing based on the analysis of 12 existing definitions. Future perspectives of cloud manufacturing are also discussed with respect to both academic research and industrial implementation.
|
|
| 30. |
- Liu, Yongkui, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial Internet for Manufacturing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 31. |
- Liu, Yongkui, et al.
(författare)
-
Scheduling in cloud manufacturing : state-of-the-art and research challenges
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 57:15-16, s. 4854-4879
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past eight years, cloud manufacturing as a new manufacturing paradigm has attracted a large amount of research interest worldwide. The aim of cloud manufacturing is to deliver on-demand manufacturing services to consumers over the Internet. Scheduling is one of the critical means for achieving the aim of cloud manufacturing. Thus far, about 158 articles have been published on scheduling in cloud manufacturing. However, research on scheduling in cloud manufacturing faces numerous challenges. Thus, there is an urgent need to ascertain the current status and identify issues and challenges to be addressed in the future. Covering articles published on the subject over the past eight years, this article aims to provide a state-of-the-art literature survey on scheduling issues in cloud manufacturing. A detailed statistical analysis of the literature is provided based on the data gathered from the Elsevier's Scopus abstract and citation database. Typical characteristics of scheduling issues in cloud manufacturing are systematically summarised. A comparative analysis of scheduling issues in cloud manufacturing and other scheduling issues such as cloud computing scheduling, workshop scheduling and supply chain scheduling is also carried out. Finally, future research issues and challenges are identified.
|
|
| 32. |
- Liu, Yongkui, et al.
(författare)
-
Scheduling of decentralized robot services in cloud manufacturing with deep reinforcement learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 80, s. 102454-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a service-oriented manufacturing model that offers manufacturing resources as cloud services. Robots are an important type of manufacturing resources. In cloud manufacturng, large-scale distrib-uted robots are encapsulated into cloud services and provided to consumers in an on-demand manner. How to effectively and efficiently manage and schedule decentralized robot services in cloud manufacturing to achieve on-demand provisioning is a challenging issue. During the past few years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become very popular and successfully been applied to many different areas such as games, robotics, and manufacturing. DRL also holds tremendous potential for solving scheduling issues in cloud manufacturing. To this end, this paper is devoted to exploring effective approaches for scheduling of decentralized robot manufacturing services in cloud manufacturing with DRL. Specifically, both Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Dueling Deep Q-Networks (DDQN)-based scheduling algorithms are proposed. Performance of different algo-rithms, including DQN, DDQN, and other three benchmark algorithms, indicates that DDQN performs the best with respect to each indicator. Effects of different combinations of weight coefficients and influencing degrees of different indicators on the overall scheduling objective are analyzed. Results indicate that the DDQN-based scheduling algorithm is able to generate scheduling solutions efficiently.
|
|
| 33. |
- Lu, Yuqian, et al.
(författare)
-
Outlook on human-centric manufacturing towards Industry 5.0
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 62, s. 612-627
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent shift to wellbeing, sustainability, and resilience under Industry 5.0 has prompted formal discussions that manufacturing should be human-centric - placing the wellbeing of industry workers at the center of manufacturing processes, instead of system-centric - only driven by efficiency and quality improvement and cost reduction. However, there is a lack of shared understanding of the essence of human-centric manufacturing, though significant research efforts exist in enhancing the physical and cognitive wellbeing of operators. Therefore, this position paper presents our arguments on the concept, needs, reference model, enabling technologies and system frameworks of human-centric manufacturing, providing a relatable vision and research agenda for future work in human-centric manufacturing systems. We believe human-centric manufacturing should ultimately address human needs defined in an Industrial Human Needs Pyramid - from basic needs of safety and health to the highest level of esteem and self-actualization. In parallel, human-machine relationships will change following a 5C evolution map - from current Coexistence, Cooperation and Collaboration to future Compassion and Coevolution. As such, human-centric manufacturing systems need to have bi-directional empathy, proactive communication and collaborative intelligence for establishing trustworthy human-machine coevolution relationships, thereby leading to high-performance human-machine teams. It is suggested that future research focus should be on developing transparent, trustworthy and quantifiable technologies that provide a rewarding working environment driven by real-world needs.
|
|
| 34. |
- Lu, Yuqian, et al.
(författare)
-
Smart manufacturing process and system automation - A critical review of the standards and envisioned scenarios
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 56, s. 312-325
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart manufacturing is arriving. It promises a future of mass-producing highly personalized products via responsive autonomous manufacturing operations at a competitive cost. Of utmost importance, smart manufacturing requires end-to-end integration of intra-business and inter-business manufacturing processes and systems. Such end-to-end integration relies on standards-compliant and interoperable interfaces between different manufacturing stages and systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the current landscape of manufacturing automation standards, with a focus on end-to-end integrated manufacturing processes and systems towards mass personalization and responsive factory automation. First, we present an authentic vision of smart manufacturing and the unique needs for next-generation manufacturing automation. A comprehensive review of existing standards for enabling manufacturing process automation and manufacturing system automation is presented. Subsequently, focusing on meeting changing demands of efficient production of highly personalized products, we detail several future-proofing manufacturing automation scenarios via integrating various existing standards. We believe that existing automation standards have provided a solid foundation for developing smart manufacturing solutions. Faster, broader and deeper implementation of smart manufacturing automation can be anticipated via the dissemination, adoption, and improvement of relevant standards in a need-driven approach.
|
|
| 35. |
- Mao, Jin, et al.
(författare)
-
A Statistic Review of Computer-Aided Process Planning Research
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. - : ASME Press. - 9780791849477 - 9780791838877 ; , s. 513-531
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the late 1970’s, computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has attracted a large amount of research interest, which has led to a huge volume of literature published on this subject. The literature encompasses both reviews and research articles. The review articles are mostly technologically oriented. This paper takes a different angle to look back the CAPP research, that is, a statistic approach. The paper analyses the journals that have been publishing CAPP research works. The concept of “Subject Strength” of a journal is introduced and used to gauge the level of focus of a journal on a particular research subject/domain, i.e. CAPP. Discussions about the recent CAPP research works are presented in different categories as they fall in. The term “Technology Impact Factor (TIF)” is introduced to assess the level of impact of a particular technology, in terms of citation counts. All discussions and analyses are carried out based on the data gathered from the Elsevier’s Scopus abstract and citation database. Finally, a discussion on the future development is presented. The literature suggests that this is the only review article of the similar nature in the first decade of the century.
|
|
| 36. |
- Martínez Barrio, Álvaro, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic basis for ecological adaptation of the Atlantic herring revealed by genome sequencing
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecological adaptation is of major relevance to speciation and sustainable population management, but the underlying genetic factors are typically hard to study in natural populations due to genetic differentiation caused by natural selection being confounded with genetic drift in subdivided populations. Here, we use whole genome population sequencing of Atlantic and Baltic herring to reveal the underlying genetic architecture at an unprecedented detailed resolution for both adaptation to a new niche environment and timing of reproduction. We identify almost 500 independent loci associated with a recent niche expansion from marine (Atlantic Ocean) to brackish waters (Baltic Sea), and more than 100 independent loci showing genetic differentiation between spring- and autumn-spawning populations irrespective of geographic origin. Our results show that both coding and non-coding changes contribute to adaptation. Haplotype blocks, often spanning multiple genes and maintained by selection, are associated with genetic differentiation.
|
|
| 37. |
- Minhat, Mohamad, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel open CNC architecture based on STEP-NC data model and IEC 61499 function blocks
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 25:3, s. 560-569
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern manufacturing industries demand computer numeric controllers, having higher level input languages than outdated G-code, and less proprietary vendor dependencies. IEC 61499 is a new standard for distributed measurement and control systems, that enables portability and interoperability of embedded controllers, along with the ease of their mapping to arbitrary distributed networking hardware configurations. This paper demonstrates that the IEC 61499 reference architecture can be successfully used to create a computer numeric controller, offering interoperability, portability, configurability, and distribution characteristics. The layered CNC-FB architecture is proposed, which simplifies the design of a CNC machine controller with the architecture layers responsible for data processing, data storage and execution. In combination with the object-oriented Model-View-Control design pattern, the CNC-FB architecture supports the design framework, in which simulation of the machining becomes natural and inherent part of the design process, with seamless transition from simulation to actual machining. The implemented controller was tested in both the model and on an actual milling machine
|
|
| 38. |
- Minhat, Mohamad, et al.
(författare)
-
STEPNCMillUoA : A CNC system based on STEP-NC and Function Block architecture
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mechatronics and Manufacturing Systems. - 1753-1039. ; 2:1-2, s. 3-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STEPNCMillUoA is the prototype of a new CNC system that utilises the STEP-NC data model and IEC 61499. STEP-NC provides a high-level data model and enables feature-based machining whereas the enabled layered Function Block architecture simplifies the design of the CNC controller. The architecture layers are responsible for data processing, storage and execution. The object-oriented Model-View-Control design pattern supports the system architecture and the design framework, in which simulation of the machining becomes natural and inherent part of the design process, with seamless transition from simulation to actual machining. This system possesses interoperability, portability, re-configurability and distribution characteristics. The system was tested through simulation and actual machining
|
|
| 39. |
- Murto, Petri Henrik, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
High performance all-polymer photodetector comprising a donor-Acceptor-Acceptor structured indacenodithiophene-bithieno[3,4-c] pyrroletetrone copolymer
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Macro Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2161-1653. ; 7:4, s. 395-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of an acceptor polymer PIDT-2TPD, comprising indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the electron-rich unit and an interconnected bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,4′,6,6′-Tetrone (2TPD) as the electron-deficient unit, and its application for all-polymer photodetectors is reported. The optical, electrochemical, charge transport, and device properties of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and PIDT-2TPD are studied. The blend shows strong complementary absorption and balanced electron and hole mobility, which are desired properties for a photoactive layer. The device exhibits dark current density in the order of 10 -5 mA/cm 2 , external quantum efficiency broadly above 30%, and nearly planar detectivity over the entire visible spectral range (maximum of 1.1 × 10 12 Jones at 610 nm) under-5 V bias. These results indicate that PIDT-2TPD is a highly functional new type of acceptor and further motivate the use of 2TPD as a building block for other n-Type materials.
|
|
| 40. |
- Newman, S.T., et al.
(författare)
-
Strategic Advantages of Interoperability for Global Manufacturing Using CNC Technology
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 24:6, s. 699-708
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements ill computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) call be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various components of the CAx chain is therefore a major prerequisite for manufacturing enterprises for becoming strategically agile and consequently globally competitive. Being interoperable, resources call be utilized interchangeably in a plug-and-produce manner. Over the last 8 years the eminence of a STEP standard for machining entitled STEP-NC (numerical control) has become a well-known vehicle for research to improve the level of information availability at the CNC machine too]. Ill this paper, the authors introduce the background to the evolution of CNC manufacturing over the last 50 years and the Current standards available for programming. A review of the literature in interoperable CNC Manufacturing is then provided relating to Milling, turn-mill and other NC processes. The major part of the paper provides a strategic view of]low interoperability call be implemented across the CAx chain with a range of standards used to regulate the flow of information. Finally, the paper Outlines the advantages and major issues for future developments in interoperability, identifying future key requirements and limiting factors.
|
|
| 41. |
- Pan, G. Z., et al.
(författare)
-
Dependence of Beam Quality on Optical Intensity Asymmetry in In-Phase Coherently Coupled VCSEL Array
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 54:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dependence of beam quality on optical intensity asymmetry among elements in in-phase coherently coupled vertical cavity surface emitting lasers array is analyzed using the finite-difference time domain solutions software. The analysis results reveal that the coupling efficiency of in-phased array decreases and the divergence increases as the level of optical intensity asymmetry increases. Furthermore, an addressable separated-contact three-element triangular in-phased array is fabricated and measured to verify the analysis. The array exhibits a relatively high of coupling efficiency of 24% and a near-diffraction-limit divergence of 3.2° (1.12 times of the diffraction limit, D.L.) when the optical intensity of each element is adjusted to be uniform. By degrading the optical intensity symmetry, the coupling efficiency decreases to 17.07% and the divergence increases to 4.03° ( 1.37× D.L.). After that, a much larger 10× 10 array exhibiting in-phase characteristics is produced and its beam quality and optical uniformity are measured and discussed. Analysis and experiment results demonstrate that symmetric optical intensity among elements is essential for in-phased array to achieve high beam quality. Employing separate contacts in the array is proved an effective way to obtain uniform optical intensity and achieve high beam quality.
|
|
| 42. |
- Pan, G. Z., et al.
(författare)
-
Large-Scale Proton-Implant-Defined VCSEL Arrays with Narrow Beamwidth
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 39:3, s. 390-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-phase coherently coupled proton-implant-defined vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays face difficulties in current spreading, resulting in small array scale, low output power, and broad beamwidth. Although patterned metal grids can improve the current spreading, the undesirable out-of-phase mode tends to be dominant in the array. In this letter, by means of engineering the implantation and array parameters, in-phase mode is obtained in large-scale proton-implant-defined arrays with metal grids. Experimental results show that these arrays are operating in in-phase mode with a nominal interelement spacing of 8 μm and an implantation depth of 2.22 μm. By using these parameters, a 5 × 5 in-phase array with a narrow beamwidth (far-field full width at half maximum) of 1.61° is realized. Besides, a 10 × 10 in-phase array with a beamwidth of 1.89° and an output power of 10.25 mW for the in-phase mode is achieved. The calculation of far fields is performed to confirm the in-phase operation measured results. Such a simple and low-cost technology provides a promising method for preparing large-scale in-phase coherently coupled VCSEL arrays.
|
|
| 43. |
- Peng, Tao, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel energy demand modelling approach for CNC machining based on function blocks
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 33:1, s. 196-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency remains one of the major issues in the machining domain. Today's machining systems are confronted with a number of new challenges, such as turbulent product demand and variations in production resources. Rapid and flexible energy modelling in a distributed and collaborative machining environment emerges as a new research area. Energy demand models in such an environment need to be practical, accurate, effective, scalable and reusable. Energy analysis and optimisation cannot be carried out once for all at the beginning. Instead, it is an on-going process. In this paper, the function block technique, i.e. IEC 61499, is used for the development of energy demand models as it brings advantages such as modularity, encapsulation, extensibility and reusability. A brief review on energy modelling and research on function blocks are given in the first part. A novel energy demand modelling approach based on function blocks is then proposed and elaborated. Three types of function blocks have been developed, i.e. machine tool dependent function blocks, state transition function blocks, and service interface function blocks. The first type, as the fundamental building blocks, is divided into two sub-types, machine component function block and machining state function block. Two case studies, based on a small 3-axis milling machine and an industrial production line respectively, are presented to demonstrate the possible applications using the function block-based model. Comprehensive discussions are given thereafter, including a pilot application of a distributed process planning system and a unique energy evaluation scheme. A confidence level associated energy rating system is proposed as the first step to turn energy consumption figures into useful indicators. The energy demand model based on function blocks developed here enhances the energy modelling and their practical implementations.
|
|
| 44. |
- Ping, Yaoyao, et al.
(författare)
-
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Multi-Task Scheduling in Cloud Manufacturing Under Different Task Arrival Modes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing science and engineering. - : ASME International. - 1087-1357 .- 1528-8935. ; 145:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a service-oriented networked manufacturing model that aims to provide manufacturing resources as services in an on-demand manner. Scheduling is one of the key techniques for cloud manufacturing to achieve the aim. Multi-task scheduling with dynamical task arrivals is a critical problem in cloud manufacturing. Many traditional algorithms such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) have been used to address the issue, which, however, either are incapable of or perform poorly in tackling the problem. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as the combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective technique in this regard. In view of this, we employ a typical DRL algorithm-Deep Q-network (DQN)-and propose a DQN-based approach for multitask scheduling in cloud manufacturing. Three different task arrival modes-arriving at the same time, arriving in random batches, and arriving one by one sequentially-are considered. Four baseline methods including random scheduling, round-robin scheduling, earliest scheduling, and minimum execution time (min-time) scheduling are investigated. A comparison of results indicates that the DQN-based scheduling approach is effective and performs best among all approaches in addressing the multitask scheduling problem in cloud manufacturing.
|
|
| 45. |
- Ping, Yaoyao, et al.
(författare)
-
Enterprise and service−level scheduling of robot production services in cloud manufacturing with deep reinforcement learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. - : Springer Nature. - 0956-5515 .- 1572-8145.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a manufacturing paradigm that integrates wide-area distributed manufacturing resources for distributed services over the Internet. Scheduling is a critical technique that determines the overall performance of a cloud manufacturing system. Robots are an important type of manufacturing resource in cloud manufacturing. Scheduling of robot production services is therefore an important research issue in cloud manufacturing. In cloud manufacturing, services can be selected at an enterprise level or a service level, which represents two types of ways of scheduling. Which way is better and how to select the optimal robot production services are issues that have rarely been considered. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been successfully applied to solving various scheduling problems from different fields. Given this, this paper investigates enterprise and service-level scheduling of robot production services in cloud manufacturing and explores the optimal ways and methods of scheduling with DRL. Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and its three modified algorithms, including Double DQN, Dueling DQN, and Average-DQN based on scheduling approaches are proposed. Effects of enterprise- and service-level robot production services selection methods in cloud manufacturing are studied. Comparative results indicate that overall the service-level selection method outperforms the enterprise-level method. The performance of the above-mentioned scheduling algorithms is further studied with the service-level selection method. Results indicate that the Average-DQN-based approach is able to generate scheduling solutions more efficiently and performs the best with respect to each metric.
|
|
| 46. |
- Ping, Yaoyao, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence generation for multi-task scheduling in cloud manufacturing with deep reinforcement learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 67, s. 315-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a manufacturing model that aims to deliver on-demand manufacturing services to consumers. Scheduling is an important problem that needs to be addressed carefully and effectively for cloud manufacturing to achieve that aim. Cloud manufacturing allows consumers to submit their requirements to the cloud platform simultaneously and therefore requires cloud manufacturing scheduling systems to be able to handle multiple tasks effectively. It is further complicated when multiple composite tasks are submitted to the system and to be addressed. A vast majority of existing studies have proposed various algorithms, including meta-heuristics, heuristics, and reinforcement learning algorithms, to address cloud manufacturing scheduling (CMfg-Sch) problems, but only a very small fraction of them deal with scheduling of multiple composition tasks with deep reinforcement learning. In this work, we leverage DRL coupled with sequence generation for addressing CMfg-Sch problems. Different from all existing works, we first propose two sequence generation al-gorithms for generating scheduling sequences of multiple composite tasks prior to scheduling. Coupled with this a Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and a Double DQN-based scheduling algorithms are proposed, respectively. Perfor-mance of the proposed algorithms is compared against seven baseline algorithms using makespan, cost, and reliability as evaluation metrics. Comparison indicates that sequence generation algorithm II (SGA-II) overall has a greater advantage over algorithm I (SGA-I), especially in terms of the makespan, and the Double DQN-based scheduling algorithm outperforms the DQN-based algorithm, which in turn performs better than other base-line algorithms.
|
|
| 47. |
- Qin, Haihong, et al.
(författare)
-
An optimized parameter design method of SiC/Si hybrid switch considering turn-off current spike
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4847. ; 8, s. 789-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to reduce the switching loss of SiC MOSFET/Si IGBT (SiC/Si) hybrid switch, the switching mode that turn off the Si IGBT prior to the SiC MOSFET is generally adopted to achieved the zero-voltage switching operation of IGBT. The minority carrier in N-base region of the IGBT are recombined in the form of exponential attenuation due to the conductivity modulation effect. When the SiC MOSFET is turned off, if the carrier recombination process of the IGBT is not finished, it needs to bear a large collector–emitter voltage change rate, resulting in apparent current spike. This current spike will increase the current stress of the device and produce additional turn-off loss. The equivalent model of double pulse test circuit of SiC/Si hybrid switch considering parasitic parameters is established, and the turn-off transient process is given analytically. The influence of turn-off delay time, circuit parameters and working conditions on current spike are analysed quantitatively. Combined with the consideration of device stress and comprehensive turn-off loss, an optimized circuit design method of SiC/Si hybrid switch considering turn-off current peak is proposed, which provides theoretical and design guidance for high reliability and high efficiency SiC/Si-based converters.
|
|
| 48. |
- Sharma, Anirudh, et al.
(författare)
-
Probing the Relationship between Molecular Structures, Thermal Transitions, and Morphology in Polymer Semiconductors Using a Woven Glass-Mesh-Based DMTA Technique
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5002 .- 0897-4756. ; 31:17, s. 6740-6749
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glass transition temperature (T-g) of polymers is an important parameter that determines the kinetics of molecular organization of polymeric chains. Understanding the T-g of conjugated polymers is critical in achieving a thermally stable and optimum morphology in polymer:polymer or polymer:small molecule blends in organic electronics. In this study, we have used the woven glass-mesh-based method of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) to evaluate the T-g of polymer semiconductors, which is generally not easy to detect using conventional techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). More importantly, we establish the relationship between the thermal transitions and the molecular structure of polymer semiconductors. For conjugated polymers with rigid conjugated backbones and large alkyl side chains, we report the presence of separate thermal transitions corresponding to the polymer backbone as well as transitions related to side chains, with the latter being the most prominent. By systematically comparing polymer side chains, molecular weight, and backbone structure, the origin of the T-g and a sub-T-g transitions have been successfully correlated to the polymer structures. The antiplastization effect of additives has also been used to further prove the origin of the different transitions. Thermal transitions of a range of high performing polymers applied in organic photovoltaics, including TQ1, PTNT, PTB7, PTB7-Th, and N2200, have been systematically studied in this work. According to the measurements, some of these polymers have a very small amorphous part, changing the way the morphology should be described for these materials. We infer that the main phase in these polymers consists of hairy aggregates, with a few pi-stacked rigid polymer chains forming the aggregates.
|
|
| 49. |
- Shi, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Transfection of crayfish hematopoietic tissue cells
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Developmental and Comparative Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-305X .- 1879-0089. ; 88, s. 70-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transfection is a powerful tool useful for studying gene function. Establishing transfection methods that enable highly efficient DNA uptake has become increasingly important. The crayfish hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cell cultures have been proven to be suitable for studies on immunity and cell differentiation in crustaceans including shrimps, but no efficient gene transfer and expression method is available for these cells. Here we report a novel and highly efficient DNA transfection system based on electroporation. This method depends on a recombinant plasmid with the promoter from white spot syndrome virus immediate-early gene wsv249. This plasmid could be introduced into primary cells and efficiently express foreign genes by electroporation. By optimizing different electroporation parameters, more than 30% transfection efficiency could be achieved with the relative viability of cells around 50%. This is the first report of gene introduction to crayfish Hpt cells and will be useful for the expanding our research on crustacean immunity.
|
|
| 50. |
- Sjöstedt, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
-
An atlas of the protein-coding genes in the human, pig, and mouse brain
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 367:6482, s. 1090-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The brain, with its diverse physiology and intricate cellular organization, is the most complex organ of the mammalian body. To expand our basic understanding of the neurobiology of the brain and its diseases, we performed a comprehensive molecular dissection of 10 major brain regions and multiple subregions using a variety of transcriptomics methods and antibody-based mapping. This analysis was carried out in the human, pig, and mouse brain to allow the identification of regional expression profiles, as well as to study similarities and differences in expression levels between the three species. The resulting data have been made available in an open-access Brain Atlas resource, part of the Human Protein Atlas, to allow exploration and comparison of the expression of individual protein-coding genes in various parts of the mammalian brain.
|
|
