| 1. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 2. |
- Lin, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of lacustrine harmful algal blooms using multiple biomarkers : historical processes, driving synergy, and ecological shifts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmful algal blooms (HABs) producing toxic metabolites are increasingly threatening environmental and human health worldwide. Unfortunately, long-term process and mechanism triggering HABs remain largely unclear due to the scarcity of temporal monitoring. Retrospective analysis of sedimentary biomarkers using up-to-date chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques provide a potential means to reconstruct the past occurrence of HABs. By combining aliphatic hydrocarbons, photosynthetic pigments, and cyanotoxins, we quantified herein century-long changes in abundance, composition, and variability of phototrophs, particularly toxigenic algal blooms, in China's third largest freshwater Lake Taihu. Our multi-proxy limnological reconstruction revealed an abrupt ecological shift in the 1980s characterized by elevated primary production, Microcystis-dominated cyanobacterial blooms, and exponential microcystin production, in response to nutrient enrichment, climate change, and trophic cascades. The empirical results from ordination analysis and generalized additive models support climate warming and eutrophication synergy through nutrient recycling and their feedback through buoyant cyanobacterial proliferation, which sustain bloom-forming potential and further promote the occurrence of increasingly-toxic cyanotoxins (e.g., microcystin-LR) in Lake Taihu. Moreover, temporal variability of the lake ecosystem quantified using variance and rate of change metrics rose continuously after state change, indicating increased ecological vulnerability and declined resilience following blooms and warming. With the persistent legacy effects of lake eutrophication, nutrient reduction efforts mitigating toxic HABs probably be overwhelmed by climate change effects, emphasizing the need for more aggressive and integrated environmental strategies.
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| 3. |
- Martinsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Local Refractive Index Sensing Based on Edge Gold-Coated Silver Nanoprisms
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:44, s. 23148-23154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bulk and surface refractive index sensitivity for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing based on edge gold-coated silver nanoprisms (GSNPs) and gold nanospheres was investigated and compared with conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing based on propagating surface plasmons. The hybrid GSNPs benefit from an improved stability since the gold frame protecting the unstable silver facets located at the silver nanoprisms (SNPs) edges and tips prevents truncation or rounding of their sharp tips or edges, maintaining a high refractive index sensitivity even under harsh conditions. By using layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and protein adsorption, we found that GSNPs exhibit 4-fold higher local refractive index sensitivity in close proximity (andlt;10 nm) to the surface compared to a flat gold film in the conventional SPR setup. Moreover, the sensitivity was 8-fold higher with GSNPs than with gold nanospheres. This shows that relatively simple plasmonic nanostructures for LSPR-based sensing can be engineered to outperform conventional SPR, which is particularly interesting in the context of detecting low molecular weight compounds where a small sensing volume, reducing bulk signals, is desired.
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| 4. |
- Mehdi Shahjamali, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Gold Coating of Silver Nanoprisms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 22:4, s. 849-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coreshell Ag@Au nanoprisms are prepared through a surfactant-free seed-mediated approach by taking advantage of the anisotropic structure of silver nanoprisms as seeds. The gold coating on the silver nanoprism surface is achieved by using hydroxylamine as a mild reducing agent, and the final fully gold-coated prism structures are confirmed by microscopic and spectroscopic characterization. The resulting Ag@Au coreshell structure preserves the optical signatures of nanoprisms and offers versatile functionality and particularly better stability against oxidation than the bare silver nanoprism. The surface plasmon resonances of the coreshell Ag@Au nanoprisms can be tuned throughout the visible and near-IR range as a function of the Au shell thickness. Such tailorable optical features and surfactant-free gold shells have great potential applications in biosensing and bioimaging.
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| 5. |
- Wu, Zhiyong, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporally resolved surface temperature measurement of aluminum ignition and combustion in steam and oxygenated environments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - 0010-2180. ; 264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report micrometric imaging measurements of the ignition of micron-sized aluminum (Al) wires and the consequent combustion processes of single micron-sized Al droplets in hot steam and steam with oxygen. The specially designed flames were anchored on a modified burner where a small central H2/O2 diffusion flame in the center jet provided a hot flow (>2330 K) for Al ignition, and the diffusion flame together with a laminar co-flow of premixed H2/N2/O2 flame provided the vitiated flow of desired combustion environment. As soon as the horizontally arranged Al wire was moved to the center hot jet, a high-speed color camera was triggered to record the transient event of the ignition and combustion process. The high imaging quality and spatial resolution allow direct observation of the structure of the burning particles, i.e., the liquid core, the bright flame front encapsulating the center droplet, and the coalescent alumina agglomerates downstream above the burning Al droplets. A distinct thin condense sheet was observed defining the flame front in all symmetric and asymmetric combustion modes, indicating that homogeneous oxidation dominates the heat-release reactions as a diffusion flame. A color ratio RGB pyrometry was calibrated to provide temperature distribution over the burning particles. In the steam condition, the center droplet temperature in the symmetric phase was analyzed to be ∼2650 K and the temperature of the flame front ∼3400 K, while in the oxygenated environments, the droplet temperature was evaluated to be ∼2790 K, and the temperature of the flame front ∼4150 K. The transient temperature evolution of different parts of the burning elements was recorded and analyzed. To the authors’ awareness, the current study represents the first structure-resolved temperature measurement of the combustion of single aluminum particles in high-temperature steam. These measurements can provide unprecedented spatiotemporally resolved information on Al combustion for improved insight into the governing mechanism.
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