| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wang, Xue Jing, et al.
(författare)
-
Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- α-Synucleinopathies are characterized by autonomic dysfunction and motor impairments. In the pure autonomic failure (PAF), α-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology is confined within the autonomic nervous system with no motor features, but mouse models recapitulating PAF without motor dysfunction are lacking. Here, we show that in TgM83+/− mice, inoculation of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the stellate and celiac ganglia induces spreading of α-Syn pathology only through the autonomic pathway to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic innervation of peripheral organs bidirectionally. In parallel, the mice develop autonomic dysfunction, featured by orthostatic hypotension, constipation, hypohidrosis and hyposmia, without motor dysfunction. Thus, we have generated a mouse model of pure autonomic dysfunction caused by α-Syn pathology. This model may help define the mechanistic link between transmission of pathological α-Syn and the cardinal features of autonomic dysfunction in α-synucleinopathy.
|
|
| 4. |
- Zhu, Jing-Jing, et al.
(författare)
-
Fiber-Optic High-Temperature Sensor Based on Thin-Core Fiber Modal Interferometer
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 10:9, s. 1415-1418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new fiber-optic high-temperature sensor based on a thin-core fiber (TCF) modal interferometer. A thin-core fiber, whose core radius is about half of the radius of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), is inserted between standard SMFs to form an extremely simple in-fiber modal interferometer. The wavelength of the transmission dip increases linearly with the temperature. Experimental demonstration shows that it can be used to sense temperature up to 850 degrees C with a sensitivity of about 18.3 pm/degrees C.
|
|
| 5. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 6. |
- Fukui, Kazuhiro, et al.
(författare)
-
Discriminant feature extraction by generalized difference subspace
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0162-8828 .- 1939-3539. ; 45:2, s. 1618-1635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reveals the discriminant ability of the orthogonal projection of data onto a generalized difference subspace (GDS) both theoretically and experimentally. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that GDS projection works as the quasi-orthogonalization of class subspaces. Interestingly, GDS projection also works as a discriminant feature extraction through a similar mechanism to the Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA). A direct proof of the connection between GDS projection and FDA is difficult due to the significant difference in their formulations. To avoid the difficulty, we first introduce geometrical Fisher discriminant analysis (gFDA) based on a simplified Fisher criterion. gFDA can work stably even under few samples, bypassing the small sample size (SSS) problem of FDA. Next, we prove that gFDA is equivalent to GDS projection with a small correction term. This equivalence ensures GDS projection to inherit the discriminant ability from FDA via gFDA. Furthermore, we discuss two useful extensions of these methods, 1) nonlinear extension by kernel trick, 2) the combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) features. The equivalence and the effectiveness of the extensions have been verified through extensive experiments on the extended Yale B+, CMU face database, ALOI, ETH80, MNIST and CIFAR10, focusing on the SSS problem. IEEE
|
|
| 7. |
- Gu, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
-
VKORC1-1639G>A, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G genotype, body weight, and age are important predictors for warfarin maintenance doses in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in southwest China
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 66:12, s. 1217-1227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There were great interindividual differences in warfarin maintenance dosage (ranging from 0.6 to 8.4 mg/day) among the 127 patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. VKORC1-1639G>A, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G polymorphism, body weight, and age were found to affect the dose demands. Multiple linear regression models incorporating genetic polymorphisms of VKORC1, CYP2C9, EPHX1691A>G, and the nongenetic factors of age and body weight were developed, and explained up to 76.8% of the total variation (adjusted R (2) of 0.743) in warfarin maintenance doses in southwest Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses.
|
|
| 8. |
- Huang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Recurrent chromosome reshuffling and the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in parrots
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parrots have undergone substantial karyotype evolution compared to most other birds. Here, Huang et al. analyze chromosome-level genome assemblies for four parrot species and elucidate the complex evolutionary history of parrot chromosomes. The karyotype of most birds has remained considerably stable during more than 100 million years' evolution, except for some groups, such as parrots. The evolutionary processes and underlying genetic mechanism of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots, however, are poorly understood. Here, using chromosome-level assemblies of four parrot genomes, we uncover frequent chromosome fusions and fissions, with most of them occurring independently among lineages. The increased activities of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots are likely associated with parrot-specific loss of two genes, ALC1 and PARP3, that have known functions in the repair of double-strand breaks and maintenance of genome stability. We further find that the fusion of the ZW sex chromosomes and chromosome 11 has created a pair of neo-sex chromosomes in the ancestor of parrots, and the chromosome 25 has been further added to the sex chromosomes in monk parakeet. Together, the combination of our genomic and cytogenetic analyses characterizes the complex evolutionary history of chromosomal rearrangements and sex chromosomes in parrots.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 10. |
- Ma, Zhanyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Decorrelation of Neutral Vector Variables : Theory and Applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2162-237X .- 2162-2388. ; 29:1, s. 129-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose novel strategies for neutral vector variable decorrelation. Two fundamental invertible transformations, namely, serial nonlinear transformation and parallel nonlinear transformation, are proposed to carry out the decorrelation. For a neutral vector variable, which is not multivariate-Gaussian distributed, the conventional principal component analysis cannot yield mutually independent scalar variables. With the two proposed transformations, a highly negatively correlated neutral vector can be transformed to a set of mutually independent scalar variables with the same degrees of freedom. We also evaluate the decorrelation performances for the vectors generated from a single Dirichlet distribution and a mixture of Dirichlet distributions. The mutual independence is verified with the distance correlation measurement. The advantages of the proposed decorrelation strategies are intensively studied and demonstrated with synthesized data and practical application evaluations.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ma, Zhanyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Insights Into Multiple/Single Lower Bound Approximation for Extended Variational Inference in Non-Gaussian Structured Data Modeling
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. - 2162-237X .- 2162-2388. ; 31:7, s. 2240-2254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For most of the non-Gaussian statistical models, the data being modeled represent strongly structured properties, such as scalar data with bounded support (e.g., beta distribution), vector data with unit length (e.g., Dirichlet distribution), and vector data with positive elements (e.g., generalized inverted Dirichlet distribution). In practical implementations of non-Gaussian statistical models, it is infeasible to find an analytically tractable solution to estimating the posterior distributions of the parameters. Variational inference (VI) is a widely used framework in Bayesian estimation. Recently, an improved framework, namely, the extended VI (EVI), has been introduced and applied successfully to a number of non-Gaussian statistical models. EVI derives analytically tractable solutions by introducing lower bound approximations to the variational objective function. In this paper, we compare two approximation strategies, namely, the multiple lower bounds (MLBs) approximation and the single lower bound (SLB) approximation, which can be applied to carry out the EVI. For implementation, two different conditions, the weak and the strong conditions, are discussed. Convergence of the EVI depends on the selection of the lower bound, regardless of the choice of weak or strong condition. We also discuss the convergence properties to clarify the differences between MLB and SLB. Extensive comparisons are made based on some EVI-based non-Gaussian statistical models. Theoretical analysis is conducted to demonstrate the differences between the weak and strong conditions. Experimental results based on real data show advantages of the SLB approximation over the MLB approximation.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
