| 1. |
- De Jesus, A. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Eating Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-0153. ; 18, s. 137-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have separately examined conformity tomasculine norms and internalization of body ideals in themedia in relation to the drive formuscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation toDM, and further examine howtheymay differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL). Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 and 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Holmqvist Gattario, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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How Is Men's Conformity to Masculine Norms Related to Their Body Image? Masculinity and Muscularity Across Western Countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology of Men & Masculinity. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1524-9220 .- 1939-151X. ; 16:3, s. 337-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has suggested that men's conformity to masculine norms (CMN) is an important correlate of men's drive for muscularity. The present study aimed to further delineate the relationship between masculinity and men's body image by examining various dimensions of CMN in relation to various dimensions of men's body image (muscularity, leanness, and fitness) in a cross-national sample. Participants comprised young men from the United States (n = 192), the United Kingdom (n = 141), Australia (n = 160), and Sweden (n = 142). Multigroup path analyses showed that CMN was related to drive for muscularity, leanness, and fitness in all 4 countries, but there were differences across countries in which dimensions of CMN predicted men's body image. Whereas conformity to the masculine norm of winning was a salient predictor across the 4 countries, conformity to the norm of risk-taking was linked to Australian men's body image, and conformity to the norm of violence to British men's body image. The findings support previous research suggesting that men's endorsement of the male gender role plays a significant role in their desire for an ideal body, but the results uniquely document that this relationship may differ across countries.
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