| 1. |
- Bai, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation on the solidification behavior of phase change materials in open-cell metal foams
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 3703-3708
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presented an experimental investigation on solidification behavior of fluid saturated in highly porous open-cell copper foams. Particular attention has been made on the effect of pore parameters (pore density and porosity) on the solidification behavior. A purposely-designed apparatus was built for experimental observations. Results showed that the copper foam had a great effect on solidification and the full solidification time can be saved up to 50%, especially preventing the decrease in solidification rate during the later stage of phase change. The smaller the porosity is, the faster the solidification rate will be. Pore density was found to have little influence upon the solidification rate. In addition, the local natural convection does exist but it has a slight effect on solidification, leading to the slant of the solid-liquid interface.
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| 2. |
- Gao, X., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of the cubic thermal energy storage unit with coil tubes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. ; 142, s. 3709-3714
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presented experimental investigations on the thermal performance of a thermal energy storage (TES) unit with coil tubes. A designed test rig was built and the melting heat transfer characteristics (melting front and temperature distribution) inside the TES unit were examined. The effects of charging flow rate on the overall phase change process were examined. The results showed that natural convection accelerated the thermal energy transport in the melt phase in the top region, but weakened the heat transfer in the bottom region; this resulted in the unmelt PCM at the bottom. The melting heat transfer was overall enhanced by the increase in inlet flow rate, indicating that the full charging time can be shortened by a larger flow rate.
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| 3. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility study about using a stand-alone wind power driven heat pump for space heating
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 228, s. 1486-1498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing energy consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy in the building sector are crucial to the mitigation of climate change. Wind power driven heat pumps have been considered as a sustainable measure to supply heat to the detached houses, especially those that even do not have access to the electricity grid. This work is to investigate the dynamic performance of a heat pump system driven by wind turbine through dynamic simulations. In order to understand the influence on the thermal comfort, which is the primary purpose of space heating, the variation of indoor temperature has been simulated in details. Results show that the wind turbine is not able to provide the electricity required by the heat pump during the heating season due to the intermittent characteristic of wind power. To improve the system performance, the influences of the capacity of wind turbine, the size of battery and the setpoint of indoor temperature were assessed. It is found that increasing the capacity of wind turbines is not necessary to reduce the loss of load probability; while on the contrary, increasing the size of battery can always reduce the loss of load probability. The setpoint temperature clearly affects the loss of load probability. A higher setpoint temperature results in a higher loss of thermal comfort probability. In addition, it is also found that the time interval used in the dynamic simulation has significant influence on the result. In order to have more accurate results, it is of great importance to choose a high resolution time step to capture the dynamic behaviour of the heat supply and its effect on the indoor temperature.
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| 4. |
- Salman, Chaudhary Awais, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A polygeneration process for heat, power and DME production by integrating gasification with CHP plant : Modelling and simulation study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applied Energy. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 1749-1758
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biofuels are a good substitute for the transport sector petroleum fuels to minimize carbon footprint and greenhouse gases emissions. Di-Methyl Ether (DME) is one such alternative with properties similar to liquefied petroleum gas but with lower SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions. In this work, a polygeneration process, integrating an existing combined heat and power (CHP) plant with biomass gasification to synthesize DME, is proposed and modelled. Process integration is based on a hypothesis that the CHP plant provides the necessary heat to run the co-located gasification plant for DME synthesis and the waste heat from the gasification process is recovered and transferred to the CHP plant. The feed for gasification is taken as refuse derived fuel (RDF) instead of conventional wood derived biomass. The process integration leads to higher overall combined efficiency (up to 71%) which is greater than stand-alone efficiencies (up to 63%) but lower than stand-alone CHP plant efficiency (73.2%). The further technical evaluation shows that the efficiency of the polygeneration process is depends heavily on the gasifier capacity integrated with the existing CHP plant and also on the conversion route selected for DME synthesis i.e. recycling of unconverted syngas to the DME reactor or transferring it to the boiler of the CHP plant. The simulation results also indicate that once-through conversion yields less DME than recycling, but at the same time, once-through conversion affects the district heat and electric power production of the CHP plant lesser than by using the recycling route.
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| 5. |
- Xu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Global optimization energy management for multi-energy source vehicles based on "Information layer - Physical layer - Energy layer- Dynamic programming" (IPE-DP)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reveal the energy-saving mechanisms of global energy management, we propose a global optimization framework of "information layer-physical layer-energy layer-dynamic programming " (IPE-DP), which can realize the unity of different information scenarios, different vehicle configurations and energy conversions. The deterministic dynamic programing (DP) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) are taken as the core algorithms. As a benchmark for assessing the optimality, DP strategy has four main challenges: standardization, real-time application, accuracy, and satisfactory drivability. To solve the above problems, the IPE-DP optimization framework is established, which consists of three main layers, two interface layers and an application layer. To be specific, the full-factor trip information is acquired from three scenarios in the information layer, and then the feasible work modes of the vehicle are determined in the physical layer based on the proposed conservation framework of "kinetic/potential energy & onboard energy ". The above lays a foundation for the optimal energy distribution in the energy layer. Then, a global domain-searching algorithm and action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) model are developed for different information acquisition scenarios to obtain the optimal solution. To improve the computational efficiency under the deterministic information, a fast DP is developed based on the statistical rules of DP behavior, the core of which is to restrict the exploring region based on a reference SOC trajectory. Regarding the stochastic trip information, the ADHDP model is established, including determining the utility function, network design and training process. Finally, two case studies are given to compare the economic performance of the vehicle under different information acquisition scenarios, which lays a foundation for analyzing the relationship between the amount of information input and energy-saving potential of the vehicle. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method gains a better performance in both real-time performance and global optimality.
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| 6. |
- Yan, Jinyue, et al.
(författare)
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CO2 capture with the absorbent of a mixed ionic liquid and amine solution considering the effects of SO2 and O2
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 194, s. 9-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been proposed as a potential candidate for CO2 capture. In this study, experiments were conducted in an absorption-desorption loop system to investigate the effects of SO2 and O2 on CO2 capture using an aqueous amine solution mixed with IL. The gas mixture containing CO2, O2, SO2 and N2 in the composition range of flue gas from a coal-fired power plant after flue gas desulfurization was selected as the feed gas. It was found that the addition of hydrophilic IL of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) to a monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solution reduced the losses of MEA and water by lowering the saturated vapour pressure of the mixed absorbent. For hydrophobic IL of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), the MEA loss for 30 wt% MEA + 70 wt% [hmim][Tf2N] increased dramatically with the system running because carbonate, which was formed by MEA reacting with CO2, was insoluble in [hmim][Tf2N] at the absorber operation temperature of 323 K. The effects of O2 and SO2 were relatively insignificant for the MEA and water losses. The aqueous amine solution mixed with [bmim][BF4] showed good performances with a CO2 removal efficiency of above 90% and the SO2 concentration at the absorber outlet below 20 ppb. No obvious IL loss was detected. For the absorbent of 30 wt% MEA + 50 wt% [bmim][BF4] + 20 wt% H2O, the thermal energy consumption for absorbent regeneration is 33.8% lower than that of the aqueous MEA solution.
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| 7. |
- Yang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Peak-shaving and profit-sharing model by Aggregators in residential buildings with PV- a case study in Eskilstuna, Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 3182-3193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) system combined with energy storage systems is playing increasing significant role in residential buildings in Sweden. At the same time it brings reliability problems because of the intermittency of electricity production and exceptionally distributed reservoir which is followed by the peak-valley electricity prices and power grid fluctuations. There is an increasing need for new business model and economic paradigm for a third party aggregator to bridge the gap between Power Grid and end-users. Providing the valuable electricity services at scale and breaking regulatory arbitrage, aggregators help to deliver desired levels of residents' engagements, value-added services and feasible level of unbundling of electricity market. This paper analyzes how the aggregators grab the indisputable business opportunity to interact between residents and Power Grid from the perspective of physical electricity flows and benefits share of peak-shaving. We employ a real case in Eskilstuna in Sweden to design new business model and validate using data. And the result indicates the compatibility of the aggregator service and its business model. It further sheds light on the pricing model of generated electricity by PV system, and benefits share ratio design.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(författare)
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Can Solar Energy be an Alternative Choice of Milk Production in Dairy Farms? : -A Case study of Integrated PVWP System with Alfalfa and Milk Production in Dairy Farms in China
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2016; Beijing; China; 8 October 2016 through 11 October 2016. - : Elsevier. ; 105, s. 3953-3959
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As China's dairy consumption grows, both the domestic milk production and the importation of dairy products are increasing to meet market demands. The objective of this study was to quantify electricity usage and cost of milk production with data analysis of dairy farms and evaluate the potential alternative energy supply-solar energy generated by PV water pumping system (PVWP). We collected data in milk production processes from 11 dairy farms in China. By selecting the optimal dairy farm, we simulate the scenario of solar power generation with PVWP system to provide power both for milk and alfalfa production. With estimations of electricity saving, economic cost saving and CO2 saving on every kg milk produced under PVWP system, we conclude that scenario PVWP with alfalfa and milk production can results in value add-ins, new sources of revenue, energy supply and emission reductions.
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| 9. |
- Bai, Fan, et al.
(författare)
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Application of similarity theory in modeling the output characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:74, s. 36940-36953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has attracted widespread interest. In the present work, similarity analysis is adopted for a three-dimensional single-phase isothermal model of PEMFC to derive similarity criteria. Seven kinds of input criteria (Pi(1) similar to Pi(7)) are obtained, relevant to the fluid flow, pressure drop, flow resistance in a porous medium, activity loss, diffusion mass transfer, convective mass transfer and ohmic loss in PEMFC respectively. Dimensionless voltage and dimensionless current density are defined as two output criteria. Numerical verifications show that if the seven criteria keep their individual values with their components vary in a wide range, the dimensionless polarization curves keep the same with a deviation about 1%, showing the validity and feasibility of the present analysis. From the effect on the dimensionless polarization curve, sensibility analysis shows that the seven criteria can be divided into three categories: strong (Pi(4) and Pi(7), -94.9% similar to +349.2%), mild to minor (Pi(5) and Pi(6), -4.5% similar to +5.0%), and negligible (Pi(1), Pi(2) and Pi(3), -1.2% similar to +1.1%). The similarity analysis approach can greatly save computation time in modeling the output characteristics of PEMFC. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
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| 10. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing agricultural drought in Sweden using a novel spatially-explicit model from the perspective of water-food-energy nexus
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 197, s. 1382-1393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a multi-disciplinary approach, this paper integrated spatial analysis with agricultural and energy system modelling to assess the impacts of drought on crop water demand, water availability, crop yield, and electricity requirements for irrigation. This was done by a novel spatially-explicit and integrated water-food-energy nexus model, using the spatial climatic data generated by the mesoscale MESAN and STRANG models. In this study, the model was applied to quantify the effects of drought on the Swedish irrigation sector in 2013, a typical drought year, for a specific crop. The results show that drought can severely affect the crop yield if irrigation is not applied, with a peak yield reduction of 18 t/ha, about 50 % loss as compared to the potential yield in irrigated conditions. Accordingly, the water and energy requirements for irrigation to halt the negative drought effects and maintain high yields are significant, with the peaks up to 350 mm and 700 kWh per hectare. The developed model can be used to provide near real-time guidelines for a comprehensive drought management system. The model also has significant potentials for applications in precision agriculture, especially using high-resolution satellite data.
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| 11. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of flue gas quench and its influence on biomass fueled CHP
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 180, s. 934-945
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For biomass/waste fueled power plants, stricter regulations require a further reduction of the negative impacts on the environment caused by the release of pollutants and withdrawal of fresh water externally. Flue gas quench (FGQ) is playing an important role in biomass or waste fueled combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as it can link the flue gas (FG) cleaning, energy recovery and wastewater treatment. Enhancing water evaporation can benefit the concentrating of pollutant in the quench water; however, when FG condenser (FGC) is not in use, it results in a large consumption of fresh water. In order to deeply understand the operation of FGQ a mathematic model was developed and validated against the measurements. Based on simulation results key parameters affecting FGQ have been identified, such as the flow rate and temperature of recycling water and the moisture content of FG. A guideline about how to reduce the discharge of wastewater to the external and the withdrawal of external water can be proposed. The mathematic model was also implemented into an ASPEN Plus model about a CHP plant to assess the impacts of FGQ on CHP. Results show that when the FGC was running, increasing the flow rate and decreasing the temperature of recycling water can result in a lower total energy efficiency.
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| 12. |
- Nookuea, Worrada, et al.
(författare)
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Viscosity Data of Aqueous MDEA-[Bmim][BF4] Solutions Within Carbon Capture Operating Conditions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2016, 8-11 October 2016, Beijing, China. - : Elsevier. ; 105, s. 4581-4586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-combustion capture with chemical absorption shows higher potential for commercial scale application compared with other technologies. To capture CO2 from the industrial and power plant's flue gases, aqueous alkanolamine solutions are widely used. However, several drawbacks from utilizing the aqueous alkanolamines such as MEA still need to be solved. For example, alkanolamine solutions require intensive energy for regeneration and cause severe corrosion to the equipment though they have high reactivity in capturing CO2. Ionic liquids have been of interest in the recent development of chemical absorption according to their unique characteristics including wide liquid range, negligible volatility and thermal stability. However, due to their high price, high viscosity and low absorption capacity compared to alkanolamines, ionic liquids are still non-desirable for industrial applications. One possible solution to improve the performance of ionic liquids is to use mixtures of ionic liquids and alkanolamines. For a better understanding of the absorption using the mixture of aqueous alkanolamines and ionic liquids, the knowledge of thermo-physical properties of the solutions, especially the viscosity and density are of importance. This paper reports the measured viscosity of MDEA-[Bmim][BF4] aqueous mixtures at various temperatures and concentrations. It was found that the viscosity increase with an increase in [Bmim][BF4] concentration, but decrease with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the impact of temperature on the viscosity is more significant at low temperature range.
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| 13. |
- Wang, Fengjuan, et al.
(författare)
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Physical–cyber–human framework‐based resilience evaluation toward urban power system: Case study from China
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Risk Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0272-4332 .- 1539-6924.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because the increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events have significantly challenged power systems, there has been an increased interest in resilient power systems. This article establishes a multicriteria resilience evaluation framework for urban power systems from a physical-cyber-human system perspective, in which the two principal elements responsible for power system function degradation are described, the three major domains comprising urban power systems are explained, four core capacities that positively contribute to power system resilience are proposed, and 15 (11 objective and four subjective) power system resilience evaluation indicators are identified. Fuzzy hesitant judgment and a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) aggregation method are employed to minimize the expert divergence and maximize the group consensus. A validation method is designed and a comparison with commonly applied performance-based and attributes-based evaluation methods is conducted. The applicability of the evaluation framework is verified using data from four Chinese municipalities: Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, and Tianjin. It was found that Shanghai's resilience was the best, and Chongqing's physical resistance disadvantages would result in the greatest difficulties in coping with extreme event disturbances. Physical, cyber, and human domain resilience enhancement strategies are given for different cities separately. This study provides a practical tool to evaluate, compare, and enhance power system resilience for governments and public utilities.
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| 14. |
- Yan, Jie, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-stage transport and logistic optimization for the mobilized and distributed battery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 196, s. 261-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High share of variable renewable energy is challenging to the traditional power system technically and economically. This calls for a significant increase to the system flexibility, which might result in the costs associated with energy storage and costly upgrades to the traditional transmission and distribution system. This paper presents a multi-stage battery transportation and logistics optimization method to increase the renewable energy consumptions, economics, and mobilities of the battery utilization. A new approach is proposed in which the batteries are charged in the renewable power plants and transported back and forth by railways between the renewable power plants and cities. Based on the forecasts of battery supplies/demands, multiple optimization stages (full train transport and carpooling) are designed by the branch-and-bound algorithm and genetic algorithm respectively. The proposed battery transportation and logistics concept and model are performed using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China as an example. The results show that the levelized cost of energy of the battery transportation and logistics model is $0.045/kWh averagely. Also, by the use of mobilized batteries, the proposed battery transportation and logistics model increases the system flexibilities and renewable energy deliveries to the end users without the reinforcement of transmission and distribution system and any constraint from a highly penetrated power system.
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| 15. |
- Yan, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap to hybrid offshore system with hydrogen and power co-generation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constrained by the expansion of the power grid, the development of offshore wind farms may be hindered and begin to experience severe curtailment or restriction. The combination of hydrogen production through electrolysis and hydrogen-to-power is considered to be a potential option to achieve the goal of low-carbon and energy security. This work investigates the competitiveness of different system configurations to export hydrogen and/or electricity from offshore plants, with particular emphasis on unloading the mixture of hydrogen and electricity to end-users on land. Including the levelized energy cost and net present value, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment method is proposed to analyze the offshore system for five scenarios. Assuming that the baseline distance is 10 km, the results show that exporting hydrogen to land through pipelines shows the best economic performance with the levelized energy cost of 3.40 $/kg. For every 10 km increase in offshore distance, the net present value of the project will be reduced by 5.69 MU$, and the project benefit will be positive only when the offshore distance is less than 53.5 km. An important finding is that the hybrid system under ship transportation mode is not greatly affected by the offshore distance. Every 10% increase in the proportion of hydrogen in the range of 70%–100% can increase the net present value by 1.43–1.70 MU$, which will increase by 7.36–7.37 MU$ under pipeline transportation mode. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to analyze the wind speed, electricity and hydrogen prices on the economic performance of these systems.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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Urban power load profiles under ageing transition integrated with future EVs charging
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7924. ; 1, s. 100007-100007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding ageing transition caused fine-grained changes of electricity profile is the significant insight for coping with future threatens in grid flexibility management. The research gaps for the hourly-basis knowledge exist due to challenges in microanalysis on user-side behavior. Based on billions of users’ behavior data, we investigated the changes on the load profiles due to population aging. We found that owing to ageing transition, the participation population in high electricity-density activities decreases by about 8%. The corresponding shift in driving behavior rises the 14% difference between peak charging load and valley. We concluded that population aging will dramatically change both the magnitude and shape of future dynamic-load profiles. Therefore, we further suggested a new solution with comprehensive and quantitative management for PVs development and the smart charging market with smooth operation of the grid in coupling the potential challenges caused by the ageing issue.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Flexibility through the Integrated Energy Supply System in Buildings : A Case Study in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 564-569, s. 564-569
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing penetration level of renewable energies requires more flexibility measures at the consumption side. Flexible energy prices have been placed by energy providers to promote flexibility measures from energy users. However, because of the current energy supply system in buildings, these flexible energy prices haven't been fully taken advantage of. This study focuses on the integrated energy supply system in buildings. A Swedish office building is used as the case study. The integrated energy supply system is built by installing new components, including battery, heat pump and electrical heater, and hot water tank. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems are solved to determine the optimal component capacities and operation profiles. The results indicate that all the studied system configurations achieve lower net present cost (NPC) than the current system. It suggests that the integrated energy supply system can take advantage of the flexible energy prices and lower the overall energy cost in the building. Among the studied configurations, the combination of air source heat pump (ASHP) and electrical heater (EH) has the lowest investment cost. This combination also has the lowest NPC except in the scenario with low borehole cost. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Bao, Minglei, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and evaluating nodal resilience of multi-energy systems under windstorms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 270
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the growing frequency and extent of extreme weather events, the resilient operation of multi-energy systems (MESs) has drawn attention nowadays. However, there is little study on the methodology with a set of key indicators to quantify the resilience of MESs with the consideration of the impacts of extreme weather. To address the problem, this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the time-dependent resilience of MESs considering energy interactions during extreme weather events, such as windstorms. Firstly, the multi-phase performance curve is utilized to describe the response behavior of MESs at different phases under the impacts of windstorms. Secondly, a service-based optimal energy flow model is developed to minimize the consequences caused by windstorms through the coordination among different energy subsystems. In order to model the chaotic failures and restoration of components, the Monte-Carlo simulation technique is applied. Furthermore, nodal resilience metrics for different energy carriers are proposed to quantify the resilience in MESs. Numerical studies demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to quantify the resilience of MESs under windstorms. The results show that the resilience performance level of MESs can differ in different regions with the impacts of windstorms. The findings can provide a useful reference for system operators to constitute targeted resilience improvement measures.
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| 19. |
- Barbarelli, S., et al.
(författare)
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CFD Investigation of the Open Center on the Performance of a Tidal Current Turbine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy Integration with Mini/Microgrid. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 28-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, a revision of the layout of an innovative open center self-balancing tidal turbine is presented. Initially, the design was characterized by a central deflector, responsible for the machine equilibrium, hosted in the central part of the machine; the presence of this device, however, affected the size of the opening. Moreover, the turbine was conceived as connected to a steel rope subject to tensile stress. These peculiarities brought some critical issues due to the excessive length of the rope and to the size of the deflector, which constrained the diameters ratio. The new design involves the possibility of reducing the anchoring line length by substituting the rope with a series of tubular elements connected by alternate heavy and light nodes. The heavy nodes can gather the anchoring line when the tides stops acting. Moreover, the light nodes are floating deflectors, which develop the same action of the central deflector, whose size, in this configuration, does not affect the equilibrium. In the new machine configuration, the main deflector is located out of the center so that it can counterbalance the torque exerted by the rotor during its rotation. Finally, by means of CFD simulations, some criteria for assessing the best diameter ratio are defined.
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| 20. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A gridded optimization model for photovoltaic applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 202, s. 465-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to develop a gridded optimization model for studying photovoltaic applications in Nordic countries. The model uses the spatial and temporal data generated by the mesoscale models STRANG and MESAN developed by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The model is developed based on the comparison between five irradiance databases, three decomposition models, two transposition models, and two photovoltaic models. Several techno-economic and environmental aspects of photovoltaic systems and photovoltaic systems integrated with batteries are investigated from a spatial perspective. CM SAF SARAH-2, Engerer2, and Perez1990 have shown the best performances among the irradiance databases, and decomposition and transposition models, respectively. STRANG resulted in the second-best irradiance database to be used in Sweden for photovoltaic applications when comparing hourly global horizontal irradiance with weather station data. The developed model can be employed for carrying out further detailed gridded techno-economic assessments of photovoltaic applications and energy systems in general in Nordic countries. The model structure is generic and can be applied to every gridded climatological database worldwide.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Li-ion batteries for peak shaving, price arbitrage, and photovoltaic self-consumption in commercial buildings : A Monte Carlo Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the benefits of introducing Li-ion batteries as energy storage unit in the commercial sector by considering a representative building with a photovoltaic system. Only the costs and revenues related to the installation and operation of the battery are considered in this study. The operational strategy of the battery consists in balancing the following processes through day-ahead forecasts for both electricity consumption and photovoltaic production: shaving a targeted peak, performing price arbitrage, and increasing photovoltaic selfconsumption. By reviewing the electricity price cost for commercial buildings from several companies around the world, a general electricity price structure is defined. Afterwards, a Monte Carlo Analysis is applied for three locations with different solar irradiation levels to study the impact of climate, electricity price components, and other seven sensitive parameters on the economic viability of Li-ion batteries. The Monte Carlo Analysis shows that the most sensitive parameters for the net present value are the battery capacity, the battery price, and the component of the electricity price that relates to the peak power consumption. For Stockholm, one of the investigated locations, the corresponding Pearson correlation coefficients are -0.67, -0.66, and 0.19 for the case were no photovoltaic system is installed. For the considered battery operational strategies, the current investment and annual operation costs for the Li-ion battery always lead to negative net present values independently of the location. Battery prices lower than 250 US$/kWh start to manifest positive net present values when combining peak shaving, price arbitrage, and photovoltaic self-consumption. However, the integration of a photovoltaic system leads to a reduced economic viability of the battery by reducing the revenues generated by the battery while performing peak shaving.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization and assessment of floating and floating-tracking PV systems integrated in on- and off-grid hybrid energy systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 177, s. 782-795
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering the targets of Thailand in terms of renewable energy exploitation and decarbonization of the shrimp farming sector, this work evaluates several scenarios for optimal integration of hybrid renewable energy systems into a representative shrimp farm. In particular, floating and floating-tracking PV systems are considered as alternatives for the exploitation of solar energy to meet the shrimp farm electricity demand. By developing a dynamic techno-economic simulation and optimization model, the following renewable energy systems have been evaluated: PV and wind based hybrid energy systems, off-grid and on-grid PV based hybrid energy systems, ground mounted and floating PV based hybrid energy systems, and floating and floating-tracking PV based hybrid energy systems. From a water-energy nexus viewpoint, floating PV systems have shown significant impacts on the reduction of evaporation losses, even if the energy savings for water pumping are moderate due to the low hydraulic head. Nevertheless, the study on the synergies between water for food and power production has highlighted that the integration of floating PV represents a key solution for reducing the environmental impacts of shrimp farming. For the selected location, the results have shown that PV systems represent the best renewable solution to be integrated into a hybrid energy system due to the abundance of solar energy resources as compared to the moderate wind resources. The integration of PV systems in off-grid configurations allows to reach high renewable reliabilities up to 40% by reducing the levelized cost of electricity. Higher renewable reliabilities can only be achieved by integrating energy storage solutions but leading to higher levelized cost of electricity. Although the floating-tracking PV systems show higher investment costs as compared to the reference floating PV systems, both solutions show similar competiveness for reliabilities up to 45% due to the higher electricity production of the floating-tracking PV systems. The higher electricity production from the floating-tracking PV systems leads to a better competitiveness for reliabilities higher than 90% due to lower capacity requirements for the storage systems.
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| 29. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of a residential district with special consideration on energy and water reliability
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 194, s. 751-764
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities around the world have reached a critical situation when it comes to energy and water supply, threatening the urban sustainable development. From an engineering and architecture perspective it is mandatory to design cities taking into account energy and water issues to achieve high living and sustainability standards. The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for the planning of residential urban districts with special consideration of renewables and water harvesting integration. The optimization model is multi-objective which uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the system life cycle costs, and maximize renewables and water harvesting reliability through dynamic simulations. The developed model can be used for spatial optimization design of new urban districts. It can also be employed for analyzing the performances of existing urban districts under an energy-water-economic viewpoint. The optimization results show that the reliability of the hybrid renewables based power system can vary between 40 and 95% depending on the scenarios considered regarding the built environment area and on the cases concerning the overall electric load. The levelized cost of electricity vary between 0.096 and 0.212 $/kW h. The maximum water harvesting system reliability vary between 30% and 100% depending on the built environment area distribution. For reliabilities below 20% the levelized cost of water is kept below 1 $/m(3) making competitive with the network water tariff.
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| 30. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Photovoltaic water pumping systems for irrigation : Principles and advances
- 2022
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Advancements in Agriculture and Food Production Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323898669 - 9780323886253 ; , s. 113-157
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agriculture is one of the most water- and energy-intensive sectors of the economy, consuming about 70% of global freshwater withdrawals. Access to clean and affordable water for irrigation is an essential step towards guaranteeing water and food security, improving incomes and living standards, decarbonizing an energy-intensive sector and attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and 13 (Climate Action). Ensuring access to water for irrigation, as well as for other agricultural (i.e., livestock watering), domestic, and industrial purposes is a global challenge, and it is more challenging in remote areas where the grid connection is often not available. Solar-powered pumping systems represent a renewable solution for the decarbonization of the irrigation sector worldwide. While solar water pumping systems were used in the past to supply water for irrigation, livestock, and domestic purposes only in remote locations without access to the electric grid, the drastic drop in photovoltaic (PV) modules prices has made the technology also competitive for on-grid applications. This chapter reviews the configurations of solar water pumping systems for irrigation, highlighting the water–food–energy nexus aspects and recent advances, reviewing case studies, and analyzing the economics and current and future challenges.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Chen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Advanced approaches and applications of energy footprints toward the promotion of global sustainability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 261
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ever-increasing energy demands pose huge environmental challenges globally. The strategies and methods that are chosen to address the energy crisis will, in part, determine the possibility of fulfilling the 1.5-degree global warming target set by the Paris Agreement, and of achieving the United Nations Sustainable Developmental Goals, two vital and ambitious objectives for humans in the coming decades. While numerous inventory and modelling approaches have been developed to evaluate direct and indirect energy requirements at multiple scales from industries to cities and to the global economy, a discussion on their implications for environmental sustainability is long overdue. In this study, we provide an overview of the research paradigm and the important approaches that have been developed to address energy sustainability and review the papers included in this Special Issue, which are representative of some of the major advancements in energy, carbon, and other hybrid footprint approaches. This Special Issue aims to gather and harmonize state-of-the-art energy accounting frameworks, models, and metrics that benefit the promotion of global sustainability.
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| 33. |
- Chen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Operational flexibility of active distribution networks with the potential from data centers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of information technology, the scale and quantity of internet data centers (IDCs) are expanding rapidly. IDCs have emerged as the major electricity consumers in active distribution networks (ADNs), which dramatically increase the electricity load and have a significant impact on the operational flexibility of ADNs. Geographically distributed IDCs can participate in the operation of ADNs with the potential for spatio-temporal load regulation. This paper proposes flexible dispatch strategies of data centers to improve the operational flexibility of ADNs. First, a data-power model of IT equipment is proposed based on piecewise linearization to describe the power consumption characteristics of data centers. The flexible dispatch strategies for the delay-tolerant workload are further proposed from two aspects of temporal transfer and spatial allocation. Then, considering the potential for spatio-temporal load regulation, the operational flexibility analysis model with data centers is formulated to adapt to the operational requirements of ADNs in complex environments. Case studies show that through the spatio-temporal regulation of workload, the energy efficiency of IDCs can be effectively improved. The flexible dispatch of IDCs can also reduce the voltage violation and feeder load imbalance of ADNs, which can facilitate providing the high-quality power supply for IDCs.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Chen, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Theory-guided hard constraint projection (HCP) : A knowledge-based data-driven scientific machine learning method
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0021-9991 .- 1090-2716. ; 445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning models have been successfully used in many scientific and engineering fields. However, it remains difficult for a model to simultaneously utilize domain knowledge and experimental observation data. The application of knowledge-based symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) represented by expert systems is limited by the expressive ability of the model, and data-driven connectionism AI represented by neural networks is prone to produce predictions that might violate physical principles. In order to fully integrate domain knowledge with observations and make full use of the strong fitting ability of neural networks, this study proposes theory-guided hard constraint projection (HCP). This deep learning model converts physical constraints, such as governing equations, into a form that is easy to handle through discretization, and then implements hard constraint optimization through projection in a patch. Based on rigorous mathematical proofs, theory-guided HCP can ensure that model predictions strictly conform to physical mechanisms in the constraint patch. The training process of theory-guided HCP only needs a small amount of labeled data (sparse observation), and it can supervise the model by combining the coordinates (label-free data) with domain knowledge. The performance of the theory-guided HCP is verified by experiments based on a published heterogeneous subsurface flow problem. The experiments show that theory-guided HCP requires fewer data, and achieves higher prediction accuracy and stronger robustness to noisy observations, than the fully connected neural networks and soft constraint models. Furthermore, due to the application of domain knowledge, theory-guided HCP possesses the ability to extrapolate and can accurately predict points outside of the range of the training dataset.
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| 36. |
- Chen, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Using existing infrastructures of high-speed railways for photovoltaic electricity generation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities worldwide are stepping up efforts to reshape their infrastructure to ensure a carbon-neutral and sustainable future, leading to the rapid electrification of transportation systems. The electricity demand of this sector, particularly that of high-speed railways, is increasing. Application of the existing infrastructures of railway stations and available land along rail lines for photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation has the potential to power high-speed bullet trains with renewable energy and supply surplus electricity to surrounding users. In this work, a methodology based on a geographic information system was established to evaluate the PV potential along rail lines and on the roofs of train stations. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway (HSR) was used as a case study. Its total PV potential reached 5.65 GW (of which the station potential accounted for 264 MW, approximately 4.68%, of the total potential), with a lifelong generation capacity of 155 TWh, which corresponds to approximately 12% of the total new installed capacity of China in 2020. Although electricity prices and solar resources differed along the railway line, all PV systems were profitable. Moreover, a comparison between the electricity consumption and generation shows that the PV+HSR system can cover most of the electricity demand of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR without a storage system. This concept can be further expanded to other rail lines and stations. Within the context of global carbon peaks and carbon neutrality, the integration of PV and railway systems should be promoted.
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| 37. |
- Chou, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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Priority areas at the frontiers of ecology and energy
- 2018
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Ingår i: ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 2096-4129 .- 2332-8878. ; 4:10, s. 243-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexity of economic development and humanitarian crises means that energy science and technology should be involved in actions that address almost every major challenges of ecosystem health and sustainability. Energy is the engine of the world economy and the key to ecosystems' functioning, which also has a great impact on global warming. The energy crisis, environmental pollution, overuse of natural resources, water supply shortages, global climate disruption, and deteriorating ecosystems are major challenges to address in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In light of the frontiers in energy sciences and disruptive innovation in eco-tech, we recognize the need to review and establish working mechanisms that identify and examine issues that are critical to future sustainable development, to offer advice to decision-makers in different social sectors (public and private), to secure a shared future for mankind, and to achieve shared prosperity and common interests through international communications and collaborations.
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| 38. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Solar Power, Hydrogen, TPV and Cyanobacter Production
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference of Applied Energy. ; , s. 179-188
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss design for a combined TPV and solar power system with production of biomass. During the passage through the solar collector cyanobacters or algae are getting sunshine to drive the photo synthesis. An algae suspension is circulated through a solar panel to drive photo synthesis. The flow rate is varying with solar intensity to balance the temperature increase. This is to avoid inhibition of the cyanobacters/algae growth rate due to too high temperature. PV cells are producing electricity when there is light, while TPV cells are used when it is dark. The biomass produced then is utilized for production of photons for the TPV system. As an alternative a system producing Hydrogen and electricity produced in a fuel cell system is discussed. Design criteria for the systems are discussed in this paper for a house that is principally self sufficient on energy. Both theoretical and practical obstacles are discussed, as there are a number of issues to solve before the technique can be used in ”real life”
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| 39. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and numerical investigation of pellet and black liquor gasification for polygeneration plant
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 204, s. 1055-1064
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is vital to perform system analysis on integrated biomass gasification in chemical recovery systems in pulp and paper and heat and power plants for polygeneration applications. The proposed integration complements existing pulp and paper and heat and power production systems with production of chemicals such as methane and hydrogen. The potential to introduce gasification-based combined cycles comprising gas turbines and steam turbines to utilize black liquors and wood pellets also merits investigation. To perform such analysis, it is important to first build knowledge on expected synthesis gas composition by gasifying at smaller scale different types of feed stock. In the present paper, the synthesis gas quality from wood pellets gasification has been compared with black liquor gasification by means of numerical simulation as well as through pilot-scale experimental investigations. The experimental results have been correlated into partial least squares models to predict the composition of the synthesis gas produced under different operating conditions. The gas quality prediction models are combined with physical models using a generic open-source modelling language for investigating the dynamic performance of large-scale integrated polygeneration plants. The analysis is further complemented by considering potential gas separation using modern membrane technology for upgrading the synthesis gas with respect to hydrogen content. The experimental data and statistical models presented in this study form an important literature source for future use by the gasification and polygeneration research community on further integrated system analysis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Ding, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics simulations of the local structures and thermodynamic properties on molten alkali carbonate K2CO3
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 220, s. 536-544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molten carbonate salts have received particular attention for high-temperature thermal energy storage and heat Molecular dynamics simulation transfer applications due to desirable thermal characteristics, such as wide operating temperature range, low Molten alkali carbonates causticity and excellent thermal stability. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed Local structures on molten alkali carbonate K2CO3 based on an effective pair potential model, a Born-Mayer type combined with Thermodynamic properties a Coulomb term. The radial distribution functions (RDF) and coordination number curves of the molten salt were characterized to explore the temperature dependences of macroscopic properties from microscopic view. The results suggest that the distance between K2CO3 particles is getting larger with temperature increasing, resulting in the increase of molar volume and the diminished ability of resistance to shear deformation and heat transfer by vibration between ions. Besides, it can be concluded that the structure of CO32- is inferred reasonably to be ortho-triangular pyramid from the comprehensive analysis of local structures including the angular distribution functions (ADF). Moreover, the thermodynamic properties were simulated in detail from 1200 to 1600 K including the density, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, sheer viscosity, thermal conductivity and ion self-diffusion coefficient, which was hard to be measured from experiments under high-temperature extreme conditions, All the simulation results are in satisfactory agreement with available experimental data with high accuracy, and the minimum simulation error is as low as 1.42%.
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| 42. |
- Ding, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Economical flexibility options for integrating fluctuating wind energy in power systems : The case of China
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 228, s. 426-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inherent stochastic nature of wind power requires additional flexibility during power system operation. Traditionally, conventional generation is the only option to provide the required flexibility. However, the provision of the flexibility from the conventional generation such as coal-fired generating units comes at the cost of significantly additional fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Fortunately, with the development of the technologies, energy storage and customer demand response would be able to compete with the conventional generation in providing the flexibility. Give that power systems should deploy the most economic resources for provision of the required operational flexibility, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the economic characteristics of these key flexibility options. The concept of “balancing cost” is proposed to represent the cost of utilizing the flexible resources to integrate the variable wind power. The key indicators are proposed respectively for the different flexible resources to measure the balancing cost. Moreover, the optimization models are developed to evaluate the indicators to find out the balancing costs when utilizing different flexible resources. The results illustrate that exploiting the potential of flexibility from demand side management is the preferred option for integrating variable wind power when the penetration level is below 10%, preventing additional fuel consumption and carbon emissions. However, it may require 8% of the customer demand to be flexible and available. Moreover, although energy storage is currently relatively expensive, it is likely to prevail over conventional generation by 2025 to 2030, when the capital cost of energy storage is projected to drop to approximately $ 400/kWh or lower.
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| 43. |
- Du, J., et al.
(författare)
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A theory-guided deep-learning method for predicting power generation of multi-region photovoltaic plants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0952-1976 .- 1873-6769. ; 118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, clean solar energy has aroused wide attention due to its excellent potential for electricity production. A highly accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation (PVPG) is the basis of the production and transmission of electricity. However, the current works neglect the regional correlation characteristics of PVPG and few studies propose an effective framework by incorporating prior knowledge for more physically reasonable results. In this work, a hybrid deep learning framework is proposed for simultaneously capturing the spatial correlations among different regions and temporal dependency patterns with various importance. The scientific theory and domain knowledge are incorporated into the deep learning model to make the predicted results possess physical reasonability. Subsequently, the theory-guided and attention-based CNN-LSTM (TG-A-CNN-LSTM) is constructed for PVPG prediction. In the training process, data mismatch and boundary constraint are incorporated into the loss function, and the positive constraint is utilized to restrict the output of the model. After receiving the parameters of the neural network, a TG-A-CNN-LSTM model, whose predicted results obey the physical law, is constructed. A real energy system in five regions is used to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The predicted results indicate that TG-A-CNN-LSTM can achieve higher precision of PVPG prediction than other prediction models, with RMSE being 11.07, MAE being 4.98, and R2 being 0.94, respectively. Moreover, the performance of prediction models with sparse data is tested to illustrate the stability and robustness of TG-A-CNN-LSTM.
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| 44. |
- Feng, Dawei, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways for carbon emission prediction and mitigation of sustainable industrial parks : a LEAP model application
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1543-5075 .- 1543-5083.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial parks play a crucial role as a carrier of industrial clusters and energy consumption. Accurately predicting the energy demand and carbon emissions trend is key to scientifically determining the pathways for low-carbon industrial parks. However, exploration in carbon emission prediction on industrial park scale is still in its infancy stage. This paper investigates fuel demand and carbon emissions from 2021 to 2035 in an industrial park in Jiangsu Province, utilizing the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model to explore the pathways for low carbon development. Energy-saving and emission-reduction effects of different macro-economic policies and micro-energy planning are analyzed based on the energy balance and emission factor methods. Four scenarios are compared: the baseline scenario (BAS), green development scenario (GDS), low carbon scenario (LCS), and strength low carbon scenario (SLS). Results indicated that energy demand under BAS reached at 31.37 Mtce in 2035, and energy-saving rates of GDS, LCS, and SLS in 2035 were 12.94%, 14.00% and 19.08%, respectively. Carbon emissions reached 53.96 MtCO2e in BAS of 2035. However, in the same year, emissions decreased by 24.88%, 43.09%, and 52.52% in GDS, LCS, and SLS, respectively, with SLS being the most suitable for the park.
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| 45. |
- Feng, J. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon sequestration via shellfish farming : A potential negative emissions technology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative emission technologies driven by nature with less energy input, lower costs, and long carbon storage capacities are essential for meeting ambitious global carbon mitigation goals. This paper evaluates the carbon sequestration potential of bivalve shellfish farming because its sequestration process is driven by nature, and it is cost-effective and energy efficient. The carbon in shells and the carbon that enters sediments via bio-deposition are long-lived forms of carbon. Using China as a case study, a preliminary estimation suggests that the carbon sequestration efficiency and intensity of cultivated shellfishes are much higher than those of artificial forests. In China, approximately 6.23 Mt CO2-eq a−1 was fixed via net carbon sequestration during shellfish growth from 2015 to 2019. In addition, the farmed shellfishes provided 0.37 Mt of harvested protein, and approximately 37.39 Mt CO2-eq a-1 were reduced compared to the same amount of protein provided by beef, and thus, shellfish farming has the win-win benefits of carbon sequestration and high-quality food provision. More importantly, a total of 5.64 Gt CO2-eq, accounting for 17.63% of the total emissions in 2020, can be potentially sequestrated at the global scale under the world's largest farming area scenario.
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| 46. |
- Feng, J. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Case study of an industrial park toward zero carbon emission
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 209, s. 65-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial park shoulders heavy responsibilities for economic development, and in the meantime, acts the role as energy consumer and carbon emitter. Under the background of holding the average global temperature increase limited in 2 °C compared to the pre-industrial level, which was proposed in the Paris Agreement, the development of zero carbon emission at the industrial park level is of great importance. This study investigated how to realize zero carbon emission at an industrial park level. In addition, a practical case study of the Southern China Traditional Chinese Medicine Industrial Park located in the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province of China was conducted. Scenario analyses were projected to realize zero carbon emission in this industrial park and the results show that zero carbon emission can be realized under all the three scenarios. Economic assessments found that purchasing carbon offsets get the minimum cost effectiveness under current market situation. However, purchasing carbon offset may not be the best choice from the aspect of absolute reduction. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that the cost effectiveness of carbon reduction is remarkably influenced by the carbon price and solar energy cost reduction ratio. Meanwhile, applying large-scale renewable energy and producing more carbon offset can harvest more economic and carbon reduction benefits when the current solar energy cost has been reduced by 90%. Moreover, challenges of building zero-carbon industrial park as well as the corresponding solution schemes were discussed.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Firmansyah, Husni, et al.
(författare)
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Power and methanol production from biomass combined with solar and wind energy : analysis and comparison
- 2018
-
Ingår i: RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION WITH MINI/MICROGRID. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; , s. 576-581
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the techno-economic analysis and comparison of systems for power and methanol production from biomass combined with solar and wind energy, from both technical and economic perspectives. Three different systems, based on Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle (IGCC), Oxy-fuel combustion, and syngas gasification, were evaluated. The hydrogen required for methanol production comes from water electrolysis driven by solar and wind energy. In addition, the effect of location was discussed.
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| 49. |
- Fu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
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A compact real-time simulator with spatial-temporal parallel design for large-scale wind farms
- 2021
-
Ingår i: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems. - : Power System Technology Press. - 2096-0042. ; 9:1, s. 50-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time simulation of large-scale wind farms with detailed modelling can provide accurate insights into system transient behaviors, but entails challenges in computing resources. This paper develops a compact real-time simulator based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) for large-scale wind farms, in which the spatial-temporal parallel design method is proposed to address the huge computation resource demand associated with detailed modelling. The wind farm is decoupled into several subsystems based on model consistency, and the electrical system and control system of each subsystem are solved in parallel. Both module-level pipeline technique and superscalar pipeline technique are introduced to the wind farms' simulation to effectively improve the utilization of hardware resources. In Case Studies, real-time simulations of two modified wind farms are carried out on a single FPGA separately, including one with 13 permanent magnet synchronous generators under a time-step of 11 μβ, and the other with 30 squirrel-cage induction generators under a time-step of 8μβ. Simulation tests under different scenarios are implemented to validate the numerical performance of the real-time simulator, and a comparison with the commercial tool PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed design.
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| 50. |
- Fu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
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Asynchronous multi-rate method of real-time simulation for active distribution networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: IET Renewable Power Generation. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1752-1416 .- 1752-1424.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The real-time simulation of active distribution networks (ADNs) can provide an accurate insight into transient behaviours, but faces challenges in simulation efficiency and flexibility brought by larger system scales and wider time-scale ranges. This paper presents an asynchronous multi-rate (AMR) method and design for the real-time simulation of large-scale ADNs. In the proposed method, the entire ADN was decoupled into different subsystems according to accuracy requirements, and optimized time-steps were allocated to each subsystem to realize a fully distributed simulation. This not only alleviated the time-step coordination problem existing in multi-rate real-time simulations, but also enhanced the flexible expansion capabilities of the real-time simulator. To realize the AMR real-time simulation, a multi-rate interfacing method, synchronization mechanism, and data communication strategy are proposed in this paper, and their hardware design is also presented in detail. A modified IEEE 123-node system with photovoltaics and wind turbine generators was simulated on a 3 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)-based AMR real-time simulator. The real-time results were captured by the oscilloscope and verified with PSCAD/EMTDC, which demonstrated the superiority in simulation flexibility and accuracy compared with the synchronous multi-rate (SMR) method.
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