| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Li, Shu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy for the treatment of hyperuricemia : a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout has been increasing, but the comparative effectiveness and safety of different treatments remain uncertain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of different treatments for hyperuricemia using network meta-analysis methodology. We systematically reviewed fifteen randomized controlled trials (involving 7,246 patients through January 2016) that compared the effects of different urate-lowering drugs (allopurinol, benzbromarone, febuxostat, pegloticase and probenecid) on hyperuricemia. Drug efficacy and safety, as outcomes, were measured by whether the target level of serum urate acid was achieved and whether any adverse events occurred, respectively. We derived pooled effect sizes expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The efficacy and safety of the drugs were ranked by cumulative ranking probabilities. Our findings show that febuxostat, benzbromarone, probenecid, pegloticase, and allopurinol were all highly effective at reducing the risk of hyperuricemia compared to placebo. Febuxostat had the best efficacy and safety compared to the other drugs. Furthermore, febuxostat 120 mg QD was more effective at achieving urate-lowering targets (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.24) and safer (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91) than allopurinol.
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| 3. |
- Bao, Cuiping, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mellitus and incidence and mortality of kidney cancer : A meta-analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes and its complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 27:4, s. 357-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of a spectrum of cancers, but there are few meta-analyses on the association between diabetes and kidney cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies and cohort studies to address the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in diabetes. Methods: Studies were identified by searching PubMed database and manual assessment of the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effect model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 24 studies were included. We found that diabetes was significantly associated with increased risk of kidney cancer (RR=1.40, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.69), and the results were consistent between case-control and cohort studies. A slightly stronger positive relation was observed in women (RR = 1.47, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.83) than in men (RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.48). Additional analyses indicated that the increased risk of kidney cancer was independent of alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI)/obesity and smoking. However, there was no association between diabetes and mortality of kidney cancer (RR=1.12, 95% CI=0.99 to 1.20), without heterogeneity (P = 0.419, I-2 = 1.8%). Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of kidney cancer in both women and men.
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| 4. |
- Cheng, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of High-Performance Single-Atom MXenes Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Theory and Simulations. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2513-0390. ; 2:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of first-principles calculations, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au decorated Mo2CO2-delta monolayers are investigated as potential single-atom catalyst (SAC) candidates for low-temperature CO oxidation reaction. From a first screening based on intuitive criteria concerning metal sintering, CO poisoning, and O-2 adsorption strength, the Zn/Mo2CO2-delta system is selected for further scrutiny by means of reactivity calculations for different CO concentrations. A lower barrier is found for Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism than for the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The low Eley-Rideal barrier (0.15 eV) is attributed to the fact that the Zn atom weakens the O-O bond considerably and the electrophilic attack of CO weakens it further. The main conclusion is that this system is a promising low-temperature SAC candidate with a lower energy barrier for CO oxidation than noble metal and other 2D SAC systems investigated.
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| 5. |
- Simmons, David, et al.
(författare)
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Call to action for a life course approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gestational diabetes remains the most common medical disorder in pregnancy, with short-term and long-term consequences for mothers and offspring. New insights into pathophysiology and management suggest that the current gestational diabetes treatment approach should expand from a focus on late gestational diabetes to a personalised, integrated life course approach from preconception to postpartum and beyond. Early pregnancy lifestyle intervention could prevent late gestational diabetes. Early gestational diabetes diagnosis and treatment has been shown to be beneficial, especially when identified before 14 weeks of gestation. Early gestational diabetes screening now requires strategies for integration into routine antenatal care, alongside efforts to reduce variation in gestational diabetes care, across settings that differ between, and within, countries. Following gestational diabetes, an oral glucose tolerance test should be performed 6-12 weeks postpartum to assess the glycaemic state. Subsequent regular screening for both dysglycaemia and cardiometabolic disease is recommended, which can be incorporated alongside other family health activities. Diabetes prevention programmes for women with previous gestational diabetes might be enhanced using shared decision making and precision medicine. At all stages in this life course approach, across both high-resource and low-resource settings, a more systematic process for identifying and overcoming barriers to preventative care and treatment is needed to reduce the current global burden of gestational diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Tews, Ingo, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Few-Body Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5411 .- 0177-7963. ; 63:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute for Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Xilin, et al.
(författare)
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A New Mars-van Krevelen Mechanism for CO Oxidation on a Ti-Decorated MXene
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2196-7350. ; 10:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First-principles computations are performed to investigate the catalytic oxidation of CO on a Ti-decorated Cr2TiC2O2 MXene monolayer, through comprehensive analysis of charge transfer, electronic density of states, and charge density difference of the interacting systems. By comparing the reaction energy barriers, it is found that, rather than the traditional Langmuir-Hinshelwood, Eley-Rideal, and Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanisms, the CO oxidation favours a new variant of the MvK mechanism, in which the anchored Ti atom activates the surface oxygen to spill over from the substrate and take part in the CO oxidation. This work highlights the importance of activating the surface oxygen atoms of MXene by foreign metal atoms to improve the catalytic activity, and suggests that further studies into the new MvK mechanism for CO oxidation may prove worthwhile.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Xilin, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of CO oxidation with Pd additives on Nb2CO2 MXene
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:12, s. 8477-8485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catalytic properties of the 2D material Nb2CO2 (MXene) with a surface oxygen vacancy and a supported single Pd atom in it (Pd/O-V-Nb2CO2) is explored using DFT calculations. It is found that the single Pd atom can be stably anchored in the oxygen vacancy and out of three mechanisms for carbon monoxide oxidation were studied for our model catalyst and one of them shows promising features, namely CO oxidation via a tri-molecular Eley-Rideal (TER) mechanism which has a small activation barrier of 0.42 eV. This result may provide some guidance for the selection of anode materials with high CO-tolerance and high efficiency in removing CO from H-2 for PEMFCs.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Xilin, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning the ORR activity of Pt-based Ti(2)CO(2)MXenes by varying the atomic cluster size and doping with metals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 12:23, s. 12497-12507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rational design of ideal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for solving the electrocatalytic potential problems in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Pt-n(n= 1-4) and Pt3Au alloy subnanoclusters supported on a defective Ti(2)CO(2)monolayer with oxygen vacancies (denoted as v-Ti2CO2) are simulated by using density functional theory to investigate their ORR performance. The geometries, energetics, and electronic properties of the different systems are analyzed. It is found that the supported Pt3Au alloy subnanocluster possesses the best ORR activity. The underlying mechanisms of the improved ORR activity originates from the moderate hybridization between the O 2p and the 5d orbitals of Au and Pt according to the density of states analysis. Our study suggests a facile route for designing low-cost MXene-based electrocatalysts by alloying transition metals with Pt catalysts, which may stimulate realization of suitable alternative catalysts for ORR catalysis.
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