| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Qin, Changliang, et al.
(author)
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Process optimizations to recessed e-SiGe source/drain for performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate pMOSFETs
- 2016
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In: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 123, s. 38-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the technology of recessed embedded SiGe (e-SiGe) source/drain (S/D) module is optimized for the performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate (HK/MG) pMOSFETs. Different Si recess-etch techniques were applied in S/D regions to increase the strain in the channel and subsequently, improve the performance of transistors. A new recess-etch method consists of a two-step etch method is proposed. This process is an initial anisotropic etch for the formation of shallow trench followed by a final isotropic etch. By introducing the definition of the upper edge distance (D) between the recessed S/D region and the channel region, the process advantage of the new approach is clearly presented. It decreases the value of D than those by conventional one-step isotropic or anisotropic etch of Si. Therefore, the series resistance is reduced and the channel strain is increased, which confirmed by the simulation results. The physical reason of D reducing is analyzed in brief. Applying this recess design, the implant conditions for S/D extension (SDE) are also optimized by using a two-step implantation of BF2 in SiGe layers. The overlap space between doping junction and channel region has great effect on the device's performance. The designed implantation profile decreases the overlap space while keeps a shallow junction depth for a controllable short channel effect. The channel resistance as well as the transfer ID-VG curves varying with different process conditions are demonstrated. It shows the drive current of the device with the optimized SDE implant condition and Si recess-etch process is obviously improved. The change trend of on-off current distributions extracted from a series of devices confirmed the conclusions. This study provides a useful guideline for developing high performance strained PMOS SiGe technology.
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| 3. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(author)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO/PR 2022. - : Optica Publishing Group.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 4. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(author)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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In: 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Alei, et al.
(author)
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Manipulate Micrometer Surface and Nanometer Bulk Phase Separation Structures in the Active Layer of Organic Solar Cells via Synergy of Ultrasonic and High-Pressure Gas Spraying
- 2019
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:11, s. 10777-10784
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For organic solar cells, the vertical and lateral micro-/nanometer-scale structure in the active layer largely determines the device performance. In this work, the surface and bulk domain size of the photoactive layer are successfully manipulated with a facile two-step spraying method, that is, an ultrathin active layer by high-pressure spraying is deliberately stacked on top of the thick active layer by ultrasonic spraying. Thus, the morphology is effectively optimized with the comprehensive study of optical and electrical characteristics, such as photon absorption, exciton dissociation efficiency, and bimolecular recombination. Moreover, the novel method can be used not only in the fullerene system but also in the nonfullerene system, demonstrating the remarkable universality through this synergy method. This work provides an easy and reliable strategy to improve photovoltaic device performance in the industrial large-area spray-coating process.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
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PAHs and PCBs residues and consumption risk assessment in farmed yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) from the East China Sea, China.
- 2019
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In: Marine pollution bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 140, s. 294-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) purchased from five different farming sites in Zhoushan Archipelago and Xiangshan Harbor in the East China Sea, China were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Concentrations of PAHs and PCBs in the edible muscle of L. crocea ranged from 83.14 to 174.68ng/g wet weight (or 266.89 to 695.24ng/g dry weight) and 3.89 to 17.40ng/g wet weight (or 15.50 to 54.25ng/g dry weight), respectively. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) associated with the dietary intake of PAHs and PCBs in L. crocea was assessed. Results showed that levels of PAHs in L. crocea were high enough to cause potential carcinogenic risks for human consumption, while, levels of PCBs in fish samples were of low significant carcinogenic risk.
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| 7. |
- Wanzhu, Cai, et al.
(author)
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Dedoping-induced interfacial instability of poly(ethylene imine)s-treated PEDOT:PSS as a low-work-function electrode
- 2020
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 8:1, s. 328-336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transparent organic electrodes printed from high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS have become essential for upscaling all-carbon based, low-cost optoelectronic devices. In the printing process, low-work-function PEDOT:PSS electrodes (cathode) are achieved by coating an ultra-thin, non-conjugated polyelectrolyte that is rich in amine groups, such as poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or its ethoxylated derivative (PEIE), onto PEDOT:PSS surfaces. Here, we mapped the physical and chemical processes that occur at the interface between thin PEIx (indicating either PEI or PEIE) and PEDOT:PSS during printing. We identify that there is a dedoping effect of PEDOT induced by the PEIx. Using infrared spectroscopy, we found that the amine-rich PEIx can form chemical bonds with the dopant, PSS. At lower PSS concentration, PEIx also shows an electron-transfer effect to the charged PEDOT chain. These interface reactions lock the surface morphology of PEDOT:PSS, preventing the redistribution of PSS, and reduce the work function. Subsequent exposure to oxygen during the device fabrication process, on the other hand, can result in redoping of the low-work-function PEDOT:PSS interface, causing problems for printing reproducible devices under ambient conditions.
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| 8. |
- Yang, Weizhao, et al.
(author)
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Transcriptome sequencing provides evidence of genetic assimilation in a toad-headed lizard at high altitude
- 2021
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In: Asian Herpetological Research. - 2095-0357. ; 12:3, s. 315-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding how organisms adapt to the environment is a compelling question in modern evolutionary biology. Genetic assimilation provides an alternative hypothesis to explain adaptation, in which phenotypic plasticity is first triggered by environmental factors, followed by selection on genotypes that reduce the plastic expression of phenotypes. To investigate the evidence of genetic assimilation in a high-altitude dweller, the toad-headed agama Phr ynocephalus vlangalii, we conducted a translocation experiment by moving individuals from high-to low-altitude environments. We then measured their gene expression profiles by transcriptome sequencing in heart, liver and muscle, and compared them to two low-altitude species P. axillaris and P. fors ythii. The results showed that the general expression profile of P. vlangalii was similar to its viviparous relative P. fors ythii, however, the differentially expressed genes in the liver of P. vlangalii showed a distinct pattern compared to both the low-altitude species. In particular, several key genes (FASN, ACAA2 and ECI2) within fatty acid metabolic pathway were no longer differentially expressed in P. valgnalii, suggesting the loss of plasticity for this pathway after translocation. This study provides evidence of genetic assimilation in fatty acid metabolism that may have facilitated the adaptation to high-altitude for P. vlangalii.
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| 9. |
- Zaidi, Syed H., et al.
(author)
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Landscape of somatic single nucleotide variants and indels in colorectal cancer and impact on survival
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. To characterize its mutational profile, we conduct targeted sequencing of 205 genes for 2,105 CRC cases with survival data. Our data shows several findings in addition to enhancing the existing knowledge of CRC. We identify PRKCI, SPZ1, MUTYH, MAP2K4, FETUB, and TGFBR2 as additional genes significantly mutated in CRC. We find that among hypermutated tumors, an increased mutation burden is associated with improved CRC-specific survival (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82). Mutations in TP53 are associated with poorer CRC-specific survival, which is most pronounced in cases carrying TP53 mutations with predicted 0% transcriptional activity (HR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.21-1.94). Furthermore, we observe differences in mutational frequency of several genes and pathways by tumor location, stage, and sex. Overall, this large study provides deep insights into somatic mutations in CRC, and their potential relationships with survival and tumor features. Large scale sequencing study is of paramount importance to unravel the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer. Here, the authors sequenced 205 cancer genes in more than 2000 tumours and identified additional mutated driver genes, determined that mutational burden and specific mutations in TP53 are associated with survival odds.
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