| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bradnam, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Assemblathon 2 : Evaluating de novo methods of genome assembly in three vertebrate species
- 2013
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2047-217X. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The process of generating raw genome sequence data continues to become cheaper, faster, and more accurate. However, assembly of such data into high-quality, finished genome sequences remains challenging. Many genome assembly tools are available, but they differ greatly in terms of their performance (speed, scalability, hardware requirements, acceptance of newer read technologies) and in their final output (composition of assembled sequence). More importantly, it remains largely unclear how to best assess the quality of assembled genome sequences. The Assemblathon competitions are intended to assess current state-of-the-art methods in genome assembly. Results: In Assemblathon 2, we provided a variety of sequence data to be assembled for three vertebrate species (a bird, a fish, and snake). This resulted in a total of 43 submitted assemblies from 21 participating teams. We evaluated these assemblies using a combination of optical map data, Fosmid sequences, and several statistical methods. From over 100 different metrics, we chose ten key measures by which to assess the overall quality of the assemblies. Conclusions: Many current genome assemblers produced useful assemblies, containing a significant representation of their genes and overall genome structure. However, the high degree of variability between the entries suggests that there is still much room for improvement in the field of genome assembly and that approaches which work well in assembling the genome of one species may not necessarily work well for another.
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| 3. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 4. |
- Izadi, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization or Death Among Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease and COVID-19
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Jama Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are widely prescribed globally because of their ability to ameliorate shared immune pathways across immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the impact of COVID-19 among individuals with IMIDs who are receiving TNF inhibitors remains insufficiently understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the receipt of TNF inhibitor monotherapy and the risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization or death compared with other commonly prescribed immunomodulatory treatment regimens among adult patients with IMIDs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was a pooled analysis of data from 3 international COVID-19 registries comprising individuals with rheumatic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis from March 12, 2020, to February 1, 2021. Clinicians directly reported COVID-19 outcomes as well as demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with IMIDs and confirmed or suspected COVID-19 using online data entry portals. Adults (age >= 18 years) with a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or psoriasis were included. EXPOSURES Treatment exposure categories included TNF inhibitor monotherapy (reference treatment), TNF inhibitors in combination with methotrexate therapy, TNF inhibitors in combination with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine therapy, methotrexate monotherapy, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine monotherapy, and Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitor monotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was COVID-19-associated hospitalization or death. Registry-level analyses and a pooled analysis of data across the 3 registries were conducted using multilevel multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics and accounting for country, calendar month, and registry-level correlations. RESULTS A total of 6077 patients from 74 countries were included in the analyses; of those, 3215 individuals (52.9%) were from Europe, 3563 individuals (58.6%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 48.8 (16.5) years. The most common IMID diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis (2146 patients [35.3%]) and Crohn disease (1537 patients [25.3%]). A total of 1297 patients (21.3%) were hospitalized, and 189 patients (3.1%) died. In the pooled analysis, compared with patients who received TNF inhibitor monotherapy, higher odds of hospitalization or death were observed among those who received a TNF inhibitor in combination with azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% CI, 1.17-2.58; P = .006), azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine monotherapy (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.30-2.61; P = .001), methotrexate monotherapy (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.57-2.56; P < .001), and Jak inhibitor monotherapy (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21-2.73; P = .004) but not among those who received a TNF inhibitor in combination with methotrexate therapy (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.85-1.63; P = .33). Similar findings were obtained in analyses that accounted for potential reporting bias and sensitivity analyses that excluded patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis based on symptoms alone. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, TNF inhibitor monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared with other commonly prescribed immunomodulatory treatment regimens among individuals with IMIDs.
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| 5. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 85-314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
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| 6. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume II. the NNBAR experiment.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 315-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment.
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| 7. |
- Rheinbay, E, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of non-coding somatic drivers in 2,658 cancer whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of drivers of cancer has traditionally focused on protein-coding genes1–4. Here we present analyses of driver point mutations and structural variants in non-coding regions across 2,658 genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium5 of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For point mutations, we developed a statistically rigorous strategy for combining significance levels from multiple methods of driver discovery that overcomes the limitations of individual methods. For structural variants, we present two methods of driver discovery, and identify regions that are significantly affected by recurrent breakpoints and recurrent somatic juxtapositions. Our analyses confirm previously reported drivers6,7, raise doubts about others and identify novel candidates, including point mutations in the 5′ region of TP53, in the 3′ untranslated regions of NFKBIZ and TOB1, focal deletions in BRD4 and rearrangements in the loci of AKR1C genes. We show that although point mutations and structural variants that drive cancer are less frequent in non-coding genes and regulatory sequences than in protein-coding genes, additional examples of these drivers will be found as more cancer genomes become available.
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| 8. |
- Addazi, A., et al.
(författare)
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New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 48:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The violation of baryon number, , is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron–antineutron oscillation () via mixing, neutron–antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state (), and neutron disappearance (n → n'); the effective process of neutron regeneration () is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis and the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.
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| 9. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source : Current Status and Future Perspectives
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nuclear science and engineering. - 0029-5639 .- 1943-748X. ; 198:1, s. 31-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that, once completed at full specifications, will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, which is located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source is being optimized to deliver higher intensity and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold neutrons (CNs) (2 to 20 & Aring;), very cold neutrons (VCNs) (10 to 120 & Aring;), and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) (> 500 & Aring;). The second source consists of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver CNs and serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. These new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. The HighNESS project is now entering its last year, and we are working toward the Conceptual Design Report of the ESS upgrade. In this paper, results obtained in the first 2 years, ongoing developments, and future perspectives are described.
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| 10. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 11. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH INTENSITY NEUTRON SOURCE AT THE EUROPEAN SPALLATION SOURCE : THE HIGHNESS PROJECT
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators, AccApp 2021, Embedded with the 2021 ANS Winter Meeting. - 9780894487842 ; , s. 11-20
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source will provide higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (2-20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10-120 Å), and ultra cold (UCN, > 500 Å) neutrons. The core of the second source will consist of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver a high flux of cold neutrons and to serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. The features of these new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. Part of the HighNESS project is also dedicated to the development of future instruments that will make use of the new source and will complement the initial suite of instruments in construction at ESS. The HighNESS project started in October 2020. In this paper, the ongoing developments and the results obtained in the first year are described.
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| 12. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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Monkeypox in Syria : Highlighting an awareness issue
- 2023
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Ingår i: IJID Regions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7076. ; 7, s. 271-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) verified 780 cases of monkeypox across 27 countries between 13 May 2022 and 2 June 2022. The aim of our study was to assess the level of awareness of human monkeypox virus among Syrian medical students, general practitioners, medical residents, and specialists. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed in Syria between May 2 and September 8, 2022. The survey consisted of 53 questions within the following three categories: demographic information, work-related details, and monkeypox knowledge. Results: In total, 1257 Syrian healthcare workers and medical students were enrolled in our study. The animal host and incubation time for monkeypox were correctly identified by just 2.7% and 33.3% of responders, respectively. Sixty percent of the study sample thought that the symptoms of monkeypox and smallpox are identical. No statistically significant associations were found between predictor variables and knowledge regarding monkeypox (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Education and awareness regarding monkeypox vaccinations are of paramount importance. It is essential that clinical doctors are adequately aware of this disease, in order to avoid an uncontrolled situation, as experienced with COVID-19.
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| 13. |
- Ng, S.W.P., et al.
(författare)
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Ca. 820-640 Ma SIMS U-Pb age signal in the peripheral Vijayan Complex, Sri Lanka: Identifying magmatic pulses in the assembly of Gondwana.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 294, s. 244-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sri Lanka comprises three roughly north-south trending amphibolite- to granulite-facies lithotectonic complexes, from west to east the Highland Complex, the Wanni Complex, and the Vijayan Complex. These terranes were correlated with other East Gondwana continental terranes with similar lithologies forming at similar ages. The Wanni Complex and the Vijayan Complex have been interpreted as volcanic arc terranes brought together by a double-sided subduction. The Highland Complex represents the metamorphosed accretionary prism within the suture when the Wanni and Vijayan Complexes were juxtaposing against each other. In contrast to the Wanni and Highland Complexes, the Vijayan Complex has yielded only a few geochronological data with satisfactory precision. Previous studies suggested that the Vijayan Complex comprises ∼1100–924 Ma granitic gneisses, which were metamorphosed during ∼590–456 Ma. More recently, ∼772–617 Ma mafic intrusions have been identified. This study divides the Vijayan granitic gneisses and the associated melt products geochemically into a low-Nb series and a more primitive high-Nb series. Our SIMS U-Pb zircon data suggested that both series have protolith magmatic ages of ∼1062–935 Ma, and metamorphic ages of ∼580–521 Ma, which is consistent with previous work. However, some of the Vijayan granitic gneisses and granitic anatectic melt products at the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone preserve an additional Tonian-Cryogenian (∼820–630 Ma) age signal. This age signal suggested that felsic magmatism also occurred when mafic granulites were emplaced along the Highland-Vijayan boundary, which is broadly coeval with to the bimodal magmatism occurring along the Highland-Wanni boundary. This study also suggests that charnockitisation in the Vijayan Complex occurred at 562 ± 6 Ma during the Neoproterozoic regional metamorphism. The Tonian-Cryogenian signal preserved in the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone can also be found in the alkaline intrusion hosted by the Namuno Terrane and the Lurio Belt in Mozambique. This indicates a relationship between the Vijayan granitic gneisses and the Lurio foreland metagranitic basement, while the Namuno Terrane and the Lurio Belt are correlated with the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone. The ages and the isotope signatures of these granitic bodies further suggest a genetic relationship of these granitic bodies with various magmatic intrusions in East Antarctica.
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| 14. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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NHANES cross sectional study of aspirin and fractures in the elderly
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone fractures are a global public health concern, yet no thorough investigation of low-dose aspirin usage to prevent fractures in the elderly has been conducted. Many interventional human and animal studies have tried to detect the correct role of low-dose aspirin on fractures in elderly persons. The literature doesn't consist of a retrospective observational study that includes a large number of older individuals and evaluates the accurate effect of aspirin on the fractures post falling from low heights. This cross-sectional includes 7132 elderly persons and aimed to detect if there was a link between taking low-dose aspirin to prevent fractures in the elderly. Data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for 2017–2020 and 2013–2014. Demographic and examination data were collected during in-home interviews and study visits to a mobile examination center. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect information such as age, gender, race, educational level, and family income-to-poverty ratio. Body mass index (BMI), weight, standing height, upper leg length, upper arm length, arm circumference, and wrist circumference were all measured during the examination. The study examined 8127 patients, with 7132 elderly patients suitable for data analysis. The odds ratio of fractures due to a fall from standing height or less was 0.963 (95 percent confidence interval 0.08–1.149) in low-dose aspirin users, while having parents with osteoporosis had a related risk of 1.23. (95 percent confidence interval 0.81–1.8). The total number of fractures was 1295; with hip fractures constituting up to 13.82%, wrist fractures of 66.56%, and spine fractures of 19.61%. There was no significant difference in femur and spine bone mineral density (BMD) in the two groups (use low dose aspirin and don't use). Females had a 5.6 times greater fracture risk related to a fall from standing height or less (1 time or more) than males (P-value < 0.001). Furthermore, taking aspirin had no effect on the occurrence of fractures from standing height or less in older people (P-value = 0.468). In addition, the logistic regression after performing the propensity matching score confirmed that there was no impact of taking aspirin on the occurrence of fractures (P-value > 0.05). This cross-sectional study reveals that taking low-dose aspirin to prevent fractures in the elderly is statistically insignificant. However, fractures are more common in older persons, especially in older women; thus, more widespread injury prevention initiatives and access to osteoporosis prevention and diagnosis for older people should improve to minimize the overall burden.
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| 15. |
- Swed, S., et al.
(författare)
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Syrians' awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors and warning indicators : a descriptive cross-sectional study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The awareness of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contributes to the complications and fatality rates from these diseases among individuals; however, no previous study in Syria was conducted on this topic; thus, this study aims to assess Syrians' awareness of CVDs warning symptoms and risk factors. This online cross-sectional study was performed in Syria between the 1st and 25th of August 2022. The inclusion criteria for the sample were citizens of Syria over 18 who currently reside in Syria. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions to assess the awareness of CVDs. A total of 1201 participants enrolled in the study with a response rate of 97.2%; more than half of the participants (61.4%) were aged 18–24. The most recognizable risk factors and warning signs when asking close-ended and open-ended questions were smoking (95.2%, 37.1%) and chest pain (87.8%, 24.8%), respectively. Overall knowledge scores for risk factors and warning signs were (61.5%). Regarding knowledge score of CVDs risk factors and warning signs, participants aged 45–54 scored higher than other age groups, and respondents with a university education level had a higher score than other educational levels (15.7 ± 0.3), (14.5 ± 0.1), respectively. Participants aged 45–54 have a higher probability of good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than participants aged 18–24 (OR = 4.8, P value < 0.001), while participants living in the countryside were less likely to have good knowledge of CVDs risk factors and warning signs than city residents (OR = 0.6, P value < 0.05). According to our results, there is inadequate knowledge of the risk factors and warning signs of CVDs. Consequently, there is a greater need to raise CVD awareness and learning initiatives on the disease's risk factors and symptoms.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Iqbal, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cardioprotective Effects of Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Diseases : A State-of-the-Art Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current problems in cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806 .- 1535-6280. ; 48:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been reported that death related to cardiovascular disease has increased up to 12.5% just in the past decade alone with various factors playing a role. In 2015 alone, it has been estimated that there were 422.7 million cases of CVD with 17.9 million deaths. Various therapies have been discovered to control and treat CVDs and their complications including reperfusion therapies and pharmacological approaches but many patients still progress to heart failure. Due to these proven adverse effects of existing therapies, various novel therapeutic techniques have emerged in the near past. Nano formulation is one of them. It is a practical therapeutic strategy to minimize pharmacological therapy's side effects and nontargeted distribution. Nanomaterials are suitable for treating CVDs due to their small size, which enables them to reach more sites of the heart and arteries. The biological safety, bioavailability, and solubility of the drugs have been increased due to the encapsulation of natural products and their derivatives of drugs.
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| 18. |
- Maqbool, S., et al.
(författare)
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 2-5 With Preserved Ejection Fraction (EF) : A Systematic Review to Explore CKD Stage-wise LVH Patterns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current problems in cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806 .- 1535-6280. ; 48:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common structural abnormality associated with CKD patients accounting for 70% of the patients suffering LVH with ESRD. This art of the state review is first of its nature which aimed to analyze the studies involving LVH in CKD patients, and stage-wise association of CKD with various geometrical patterns of LVH. The literature search was done through various databases like PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. After careful quality assessment a total of 7 studies, and 2121 patients were included in our study. The mean age of the patients was 61.5±12.4 years. Similarly, the mean value of eGFR was 39.81±13.71 ml/min. The incidence of LVH was 47.05%, and on stage-wise analysis, the higher CKD stage was associated with eccentric LVH as compared to lower stages. The ejection fraction (EF) values were showing preserved EF in all included studies. ESRD was showing more preponderance towards eccentric LVH as compared to other stages of CKD.
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| 19. |
- Arshad, W., et al.
(författare)
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Rare case of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney and its diagnostic and therapeutic approach : A case report
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-2612. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and importance: Mix epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is a benign biphasic renal lesion composed of solid as well as cystic components lining tubular and cystic spaces of kidney. There are very few cases of such variety have been reported with perspective to renal involvement. Herein we have reported a rare case of MEST involving left renal tissue and sparing surrounding tissues. Case presentation: A 20 years old female presented to surgical outpatient department with complaint of amenorrhea and left flank pain as well as heaviness for 1 year. Patient was vitally stable and cooperative. On physical examination left flank mass was palpated and ultrasound and CT scan imaging was also showing left renal mass confined to upper, middle and lower portion of the kidney while renal capsule, adrenal gland and ureter were spared. On histological examination showed multi-cystic structures with variably sized simple cysts lined by hobnailed epithelium with clear cells. Septa show ovarian type fibrous stroma with variable inflammation and immature nephrogenic elements. A final diagnosis of MEST was made. Therefore, radical nephrectomy with trans-peritoneal approach was done. Clinical discussion: MEST is a benign tumor of renal tissue that is confined to the renal parenchyma rather than involvement of surrounding structures as occurred in our case. Due to benign nature of the disease involvement of renal capsule and adrenal gland is less likely. The choice of treatment is radical nephrectomy through transperitoneal approach. Conclusion: MEST is a rare diagnosis thought case now start reporting since last decade, however, it's still a rare entity to be reported. USG and CT scan are investigating modalities along with histopathological correlation to reach the diagnosis.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Cheema, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Colchicine for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 14:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of colchicine treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, medRxiv and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of colchicine treatment in patients with COVID-19 as compared with placebo or standard of care were included. There were no language restrictions. Studies that used colchicine prophylactically were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We extracted all information relating to the study characteristics, such as author names, location, study population, details of intervention and comparator groups, and our outcomes of interest. We conducted our meta-analysis by using RevMan V.5.4 with risk ratio (RR) and mean difference as the effect measures. RESULTS: We included 23 RCTs (28 249 participants) in this systematic review. Colchicine did not decrease the risk of mortality (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.05; I2=0%; 20 RCTs, 25 824 participants), with the results being consistent among both hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients. There were no significant differences between the colchicine and control groups in other relevant clinical outcomes, including the incidence of mechanical ventilation (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.18; p=0.22; I2=40%; 8 RCTs, 13 262 participants), intensive care unit admission (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.22; p=0.27; I2=0%; 6 RCTs, 961 participants) and hospital admission (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.16; p=0.19; I2=70%; 3 RCTs, 8572 participants). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis do not support the use of colchicine as a treatment for reducing the risk of mortality or improving other relevant clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. However, RCTs investigating early treatment with colchicine (within 5 days of symptom onset or in patients with early-stage disease) are needed to fully elucidate the potential benefits of colchicine in this patient population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022369850.
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| 22. |
- Cheema, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Molnupiravir for the treatment of COVID-19 outpatients : An updated meta-analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1684-1182. ; 57:3, s. 396-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The majority of available data on molnupiravir come from an unvaccinated COVID-19 population. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to integrate evidence from recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as observational studies stratified by vaccination status to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in COVID-19 outpatients. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, medRxiv, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to November 2023. We conducted our meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 with risk ratio (RR) as the effect measure. Results: We included 8 RCTs and 5 observational studies in our meta-analysis. Molnupiravir reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.20–0.79, I2 = 0%) but did not decrease the hospitalization rate (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–1.00, I2 = 53%) in the overall population; in the immunized population, no benefits were observed. Molnupiravir lowered the rate of no recovery (RR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.76–0.81, I2 = 0%) and increased virological clearance at day 5 (RR 2.68; 95% CI: 1.94–4.22, I2 = 85%). There was no increase in the incidence of adverse events. Conclusions: Molnupiravir does not decrease mortality and hospitalization rates in immunized patients with COVID-19. However, it does shorten the disease course and increases the recovery rate. The use of molnupiravir will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis in the context of the prevailing social circumstances, the resource setting, drug costs, and the healthcare burden.
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| 23. |
- Maqbool, S., et al.
(författare)
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Ovary and fallopian tube as contents of indirect inguinal hernia : A case report
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-2612. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and importance: Ovarian and fallopian tube indirect inguinal hernias are rare hernias encountered on surgical floor. Herein, we are reporting a rare happening of obstructed ovarian and fallopian tube indirect inguinal hernia in an unmarried female. Presentation of case: A 19 years old unmarried female presented to surgical emergency with complain of swelling in left inguinal region that was about 3 × 3 cm on visual inspection from last 4 days that was associated with menstruation. Abdominal ultrasound (USG) was showing left ovarian and fallopian tube indirect inguinal hernia with preserved internal follicles and intact vasculature. The diagnosis of obstructed ovarian and fallopian tube indirect inguinal hernia was made and diagnostic laparoscopy and left sided hernioplasty was performed. Ovary was retrieved back into abdominal cavity and stitched to lateral pelvic wall. Discussion: Inguinal hernia itself is a rare happening in females and the presence of ovary and fallopian tube along with other hernial content can become a topic of discussion due to rarity of this case. It is of paramount significance to diagnose such cases with great expertise in order to avoid long term complications in terms of preserving fertility among females. Early utilization of radiological investigations like USG abdomen and laparoscopic retrieval of adnexal structures are standard approach in management of such cases. Conclusion: Presence of ovary and fallopian tube in indirect inguinal hernia is a rare happening that need to be diagnosed and treated at earliest to avoid infertility among females.
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| 24. |
- Memon, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Aetiology and associations of halitosis : A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 29:4, s. 1432-1438
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra-oral or extra-oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra-oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases. This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts. A keywords-based search was performed, using the terms ‘halitosis’, ‘bad-breath’, and ‘oral malodour causes and aetiology’. Articles published from January 2014 to December 2020 were included. We selected studies evaluating the intra-oral and extra-oral factors that induce oral malodour, as well as the factors associated with systemic diseases. Eighty to ninety percent of halitosis is caused by intra-oral factors, with coated tongue, periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene practices being the principal factors. Ten to twenty percent of halitosis is induced by extra-oral factors associated with systemic diseases. Multiple factors can cause halitosis, but most of the aetiology is intra-oral. Increased medical awareness is needed to determine the actual pathophysiological process of oral malodour in otherwise healthy individuals.
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| 25. |
- Jämthagen, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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eavesROP: Listening for ROP Payloads in Data Streams
- 2014
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Ingår i: Information Security/Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743. - 9783319132563 - 9783319132570 ; 8783, s. 413-424
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the problem of detecting exploits based on return-oriented programming. In contrast to previous works we investigate to which extent we can detect ROP payloads by only analysing streaming data, i.e., we do not assume any modifications to the target machine, its kernel or its libraries. Neither do we attempt to execute any potentially malicious code in order to determine if it is an attack. While such a scenario has its limitations, we show that using a layered approach with a filtering mechanism together with the Fast Fourier Transform, it is possible to detect ROP payloads even in the presence of noise and assuming that the target system employs ASLR. Our approach, denoted eavesROP, thus provides a very lightweight and easily deployable mitigation against certain ROP attacks. It also provides the added merit of detecting the presence of a brute-force attack on ASLR since library base addresses are not assumed to be known by eavesROP.
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| 26. |
- Kuhn, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Tri-modal imaging of gold-dotted magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and intravascular ultrasound : an in vitro study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1743-5889 .- 1748-6963. ; 15:25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine the multimodal contrasting ability of gold-dotted magnetic nanoparticles (Au*MNPs) for magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging.Materials & methods: Au*MNPs were prepared by adapting an impregnation method, without using surface capping reagents and characterized (transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with theirin vitrocytotoxicity assessed, followed by imaging assessments.Results: The contrast-enhancing ability of Au*MNPs was shown to be concentration-dependent across MR, CT and IVUS imaging. The Au content of the Au*MNP led to evident increases of the IVUS signal.Conclusion: We demonstrated that Au*MNPs showed concentration-dependent contrast-enhancing ability in MRI and CT imaging, and for the first-time in IVUS imaging due to the Au content. These Au*MNPs are promising toward solidifying tri-modal imaging-based theragnostics.
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| 27. |
- Maqbool, S., et al.
(författare)
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Engraftment syndrome following Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : a systematic approach toward diagnosis and management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 40:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a non-infectious complication seen both in autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants and is characterized by the presence of non-infectious fever, diarrhea, skin rash, pulmonary infiltration, pulmonary edema, and deranged renal and liver function tests This review will be delineating the incidence of ES, important differential diagnoses to be considered and management options. The literature search was done through various databases like PubMed, Google scholar, Cochrane library, and EMBASE. The incidence of engraftment syndrome was ranging from 8 to 50% in patients undergoing Autologous stem cell transplantation while the incidence was 10–77% in patients undergoing Allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Fever was the most commonly observed symptom of ES in both Autologous and Allogeneic stem cell transplantation while the second most frequently reported symptom was non-infectious diarrhea in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and Skin rash in patients with Allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune response dysregulation were highlighted as the mechanism behind ES development. The significant difference between ES and aGVHD was observed based on cytokines, with IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels in plasma being higher in patients with ES as compared to patients with aGVHD. Intravenous methylprednisolone was used as the treatment of choice in the majority of the studies. Overall the incidence of ES was high in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. The survival in patients developing ES was less compared to those who did not develop ES. Engraftment syndrome is one of the complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that need early identification, differentiation from infectious complications, and aGVHD and timely initiation of corticosteroids therapy.
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| 28. |
- Sarder, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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A multilevel analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with childhood immunisation in Bangladesh : Evidence from a pooled cross-sectional survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vaccine: X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1362. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Previous studies on childhood vaccinations in Bangladesh relied on single-level analyses and ignored the clustering and hierarchical structure of data collected from people living in different geographical units. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between individual and community-level factors of full childhood immunisation with an improved analytical approach. Methods: Participants were 13,752 children aged 12–59 months. Data were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017–18. A two-level multilevel logistic regression method was used to analyse the data. Results: Approximately 87% of the children were fully immunised. In the fully adjusted model, at the individual level, mothers who had primary and above education (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.78; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.57, 2.01), mass media exposure (AOR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.30), having vaccination cards (AOR = 3.65; 95% CI: 3.23, 4.14), and having at least 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.44) were strongly associated with full childhood immunisation. At community-level, rural residency (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.44), community women's education (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43), and community ANC utilisation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.61) were significantly associated with full childhood immunisation. Conclusion: Along with individual-level factors, community-level factors have a significant effect on childhood immunisation. Policymakers should target improving community-level characteristics, such as community poverty, education levels, and the number of community-level ANC visits, to increase the national level of childhood immunisation. Public health intervention programs aiming at increasing awareness of childhood immunisation should include elements at both individual and community levels. © 2023 The Author(s)
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