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- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 2. |
- Bowtell, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biomed Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to study whether short-duration vibration exercise or football sessions of two different durations acutely changed plasma markers of bone turnover and muscle strain. Inactive premenopausal women (n = 56) were randomized to complete a single bout of short (FG15) or long duration (FG60) small sided football or low magnitude whole body vibration training (VIB). Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was increased during exercise for FG15 (51.6 +/- 23.0 to 56.5 +/- 22.5 mu g.L-1, mean +/- SD, P < 0.05) and FG60 (42.6 +/- 11.8 to 50.2 +/- 12.8 mu g.L-1, P < 0.05) but not for VIB (38.8 +/- 15.1 to 36.6 +/- 14.7 mu g.L-1, P > 0.05). An increase in osteocalcin was observed 48 h after exercise (P < 0.05), which did not differ between exercise groups. C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was not affected by exercise. Blood lactate concentration increased during exercise for FG15 (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 1.2mM) and FG60 (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 2.0 mM), but not for VIB (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.4mM) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatine kinase increased by 55 +/- 63% and 137 +/- 119% 48 h after FG15 and FG60 (P < 0.05), but not after VIB (26 +/- 54%, NS). In contrast to the minor elevation in osteocalcin in response to a single session of vibration exercise, both short and longer durations of small sided football acutely increased plasma P1NP, osteocalcin, and creatine kinase. This may contribute to favorable effects of chronic training on musculoskeletal health.
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| 3. |
- Yousefian, F., et al.
(författare)
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Physical workload and fatigue pattern characterization in a top-class women's football national team: a case study of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 61:8, s. 1081-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: With the growing scientific interest in women's football it is critical to understand the match demands and fatigue patterns during a top-class women's competition. METHODS: Physical characteristics and performance of top-class women football matches during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup was investigated from data collected using global positioning system for 21 outfield players during the tournament. RESULTS: Relative total distance (TD; m.min(-1)) was moderately lower (P=0.05, ES:0.6) in the final match (96.1 +/- 5.0 m.min(-1)) compared to the first (104.1 +/- 5.9 m.min(-1)) match. Performance in relative total high-speed running (THSR; m.min(-1)) declined -27.5% (P=0.05) throughout the tournament following peak performance in the third match (M3) (5.3 +/- 1.7 m.min(-1)). Match performance between halves was reduced -25.4 +/- 0.13% (P=0.05, ES:1.2-2.3) across all measures in M3. Relative high-intensity running (HIR; 25.9 +/- 3.5 m.min(-1)) and THSR (9.8 +/- 1.5 m.min(-1)) were greater (P=0.05, ES:0.2-0.7) for forwards, while midfielders performed greater (P=0.05, ES:0.6) relative total distance (102.0 +/- 5.5 m.min(-1)), compared to central defenders (HIR: 16.1 +/- 3.7 m.min(-1); THSR: 3.1 +/- 1.6 m.min(-1); TD: 92.5 +/- 5.7 m.min(-1)). Reductions in relative HIR between halves (-10.9%), within the first half (-31.0%), and the start and end of the match (-36.9%) were most pronounced for midfielders (P=0.05, ES:0.6-2.3). Across all matches, relative THSR performance was reduced, with moderate to large differences (P=0.001, ES: 0.7-0.8) observed between halves, within the first half, and throughout the match. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, specific fatigue patterns observed within and between matches throughout the women's World Cup, may be influenced by playing positions, the rank of the opposition, as well as the stage of the tournament.
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