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1.
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2.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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3.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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4.
  • Jin, Ying-Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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5.
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6.
  • Deng, Min, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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7.
  • Dries, Daniel R., et al. (författare)
  • Loss of Nicastrin from Oligodendrocytes Results in Hypomyelination and Schizophrenia with Compulsive Behavior
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 291:22, s. 11647-11656
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The biological underpinnings and the pathological lesions of psychiatric disorders are centuries-old questions that have yet to be understood. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia and related disorders likely have their origins in perturbed neurodevelopment and can result from a large number of common genetic variants or multiple, individually rare genetic alterations. It is thus conceivable that key neurodevelopmental pathways underline the various genetic changes and the still unknown pathological lesions in schizophrenia. Here, we report that mice defective of the nicastrin subunit of gamma-secretase in oligodendrocytes have hypomyelination in the central nervous system. These mice have altered dopamine signaling and display profound abnormal phenotypes reminiscent of schizophrenia. In addition, we identify an association of the nicastrin gene with a human schizophrenia cohort. These observations implicate gamma-secretase and its mediated neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia and provide support for the "myelination hypothesis" of the disease. Moreover, by showing that schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms could be modeled in animals wherein a single genetic factor is altered, our work provides a biological basis that schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive disorder is a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.
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8.
  • Qiu, Chun-Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Revealing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in fuel cell catalyst layers by an in-operando approach
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Catalysis. - 1872-2067. ; 43:7, s. 1918-1926
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To evaluate the H2O2-tolerance of non-Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts as well as investigate the H2O2-induced decay mechanism, the selection of an appropriate H2O2 concentration is a prerequisite. However, the concentration criterion is still unclear because of the lack of in-operando methods to determine the actual concentration of H2O2 in fuel cell catalyst layers. In this work, an electrochemical probe method was successfully established to in-operando monitor the H2O2 in non-Pt catalyst layers for the first time. The local concentration of H2O2 was revealed to reach 17 mmol/L, which is one order of magnitude higher than that under aqueous electrodes test conditions. Powered by the new knowledge, a concentration criterion of at least 17 mmol/L is suggested. This work fills in the large gap between aqueous electrode tests and the real fuel cell working conditions, and highlights the importance of in-operando monitoring methods.
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9.
  • Xu, Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of Pore Structure on Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials : Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode vs. Flow Cell
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 15:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The impact of pore structure on the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in nitrogen-doped carbon materials is currently under debate, and previous studies are mainly limited to the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) rather than the practical flow cell (FC) system. In this study, assisted by a group of reliable pore models, the impact of two pore structure parameters, that is, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET) and micropore surface fraction (fmicro), on ORR activity and selectivity are investigated in both RRDE and FC. The ORR mass activity correlates positively to the SBET in the RRDE and FC because a higher SBET can host more active sites. The H2O2 selectivity is independent of fmicro in the RRDE but correlates negatively to fmicro in the FC. The inconsistency results from different states of the electrode in the RRDE and the FC. These insights will guide the design of carbon materials for H2O2 synthesis.
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10.
  • Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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11.
  • Chiu, Chun Chien, et al. (författare)
  • Presence of Delocalized Ti 3d Electrons in Ultrathin Single-Crystal SrTiO3
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 22:4, s. 1580-1586
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Strontium titanate (STO), with a wide spectrum of emergent properties such as ferroelectricity and superconductivity, has received significant attention in the community of strongly correlated materials. In the strain-free STO film grown on the SrRuO3 buffer layer, the existing polar nanoregions can facilitate room-temperature ferroelectricity when the STO film thickness approaches 10 nm. Here we show that around this thickness scale, the freestanding STO films without the influence of a substrate show the tetragonal structure at room temperature, contrasting with the cubic structure seen in bulk form. The spectroscopic measurements reveal the modified Ti-O orbital hybridization that causes the Ti ion to deviate from its nominal 4+ valency (3d0 configuration) with excess delocalized 3d electrons. Additionally, the Ti ion in TiO6 octahedron exhibits an off-center displacement. The inherent symmetry lowering in ultrathin freestanding films offers an alternative way to achieve tunable electronic structures that are of paramount importance for future technological applications.
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12.
  • Haycock, Philip C., et al. (författare)
  • Association Between Telomere Length and Risk of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases A Mendelian Randomization Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:5, s. 636-651
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: The causal direction and magnitude of the association between telomere length and incidence of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases is uncertain owing to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to appraise the causal relevance of telomere length for risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. DATA SOURCES: Genomewide association studies (GWAS) published up to January 15, 2015. STUDY SELECTION: GWAS of noncommunicable diseases that assayed germline genetic variation and did not select cohort or control participants on the basis of preexisting diseases. Of 163 GWAS of noncommunicable diseases identified, summary data from 103 were available. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Summary association statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with telomere length in the general population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher telomere length due to germline genetic variation. RESULTS: Summary data were available for 35 cancers and 48 non-neoplastic diseases, corresponding to 420 081 cases (median cases, 2526 per disease) and 1 093 105 controls (median, 6789 per disease). Increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers. The strongest associations (ORs [ 95% CIs] per 1-SD change in genetically increased telomere length) were observed for glioma, 5.27 (3.15-8.81); serous low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer, 4.35 (2.39-7.94); lung adenocarcinoma, 3.19 (2.40-4.22); neuroblastoma, 2.98 (1.92-4.62); bladder cancer, 2.19 (1.32-3.66); melanoma, 1.87 (1.55-2.26); testicular cancer, 1.76 (1.02-3.04); kidney cancer, 1.55 (1.08-2.23); and endometrial cancer, 1.31 (1.07-1.61). Associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division. There was generally little evidence of association between genetically increased telomere length and risk of psychiatric, autoimmune, inflammatory, diabetic, and other non-neoplastic diseases, except for coronary heart disease (OR, 0.78 [ 95% CI, 0.67-0.90]), abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 0.63 [ 95% CI, 0.49-0.81]), celiac disease (OR, 0.42 [ 95% CI, 0.28-0.61]) and interstitial lung disease (OR, 0.09 [ 95% CI, 0.05-0.15]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
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13.
  • Jianfeng, Lin, 1994, et al. (författare)
  • Hydrodynamic simulation for evaluating Magnus anti-rolling devices with varying angles of attack
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018. ; 260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effective operation of anti-rolling devices is important for ensuring ship safety, comfort, combat capability, and performance. Stabilizers based on the principle of the Magnus effect were investigated in this study. The hydrodynamic performance of a three-dimensional Magnus anti-rolling device at different angles of attack was examined using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method based on shear stress transport. Subsequently, a convergence analysis was performed to verify the accuracy of the method. Moreover, the effects of the rotational speed, angle of attack, and incoming flow speed on the lift–drag characteristics and wake flow field of the Magnus anti-rolling device were analyzed. The results indicated that the optimal spin ratio maximized the lift–drag ratio. However, in certain cases, the angle of attack and spin ratio significantly influenced the streamwise and crosswise vortex structures in the cylinder wake. These results would be useful for the practical application of Magnus anti-rolling devices.
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14.
  • Lin, Meichao, et al. (författare)
  • A predictive model unifying hydrogen enhanced plasticity and decohesion
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 215
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The detrimental effect of hydrogen on metals which manifests itself as a transition from a ductile to a brittle failure mode is, for the first time, incorporated into a unified continuum-scale predictive framework. The complete Gurson model, designed to predict ductile failure by voiding, is extended to include failure by deco-hesion. Hydrogen enhanced plasticity is accounted for through acceleration of the voiding process while hydrogen induced decohesion is realized by a degradation of the decohesion threshold. The interplay between these two failure modes driven by hydrogen concentration are well captured. This model can predict a realistic level of embrittlement as well as the suppression of dimples in a hydrogen induced fracture surface. Being generic, versatile, and easy to implement, the model may serve as a basis for interpretation of laboratory ex-periments and enable the transferability of the laboratory results to the integrity assessment of engineering components in hydrogen environment.
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15.
  • Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al. (författare)
  • Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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16.
  • Song, Hong-Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Thermal fatigue on pistons induced by shaped high power laser : Part II: Design of spatial intensity distribution via numerical simulation
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310 .- 1879-2189. ; 51:3-4, s. 768-778
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the laser induced thermal fatigue simulation test on pistons, the high power laser was transformed from the incident Gaussian beam into a concentric multi-circular pattern with specific intensity ratio. The spatial intensity distribution of the shaped beam, which determines the temperature field in the piston, must be designed before a diffractive optical element (DOE) can be manufactured. In this paper, a reverse method based on finite element model (FEM) was proposed to design the intensity distribution in order to simulate the thermal loadings on pistons. Temperature fields were obtained by solving a transient three-dimensional heat conduction equation with convective boundary conditions at the surfaces of the piston workpiece. The numerical model then was validated by approaching the computational results to the experimental data. During the process, some important parameters including laser absorptivity, convective heat transfer coefficient, thermal conductivity and Biot number were also validated. Then, optimization procedure was processed to find favorable spatial intensity distribution for the shaped beam, with the aid of the validated FEM. The analysis shows that the reverse method incorporated with numerical simulation can reduce design cycle and design expense efficiently. This method can serve as a kind of virtual experimental vehicle as well, which makes the thermal fatigue simulation test more controllable and predictable.
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17.
  • Wang, Fang, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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18.
  • Wu, Qi Gang, et al. (författare)
  • Ice-Water-Gas Interaction during Icebreaking by an Airgun Bubble
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-1312. ; 10:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When an airgun releases high-pressure gas underwater below an ice plate, it is observed that a bubble is formed rapidly while the ice plate is broken fiercely. In order to study the ice-water-gas interaction during this transient and violent phenomenon, a set of laboratory-scale devices was designed and a series of icebreaking experiments were carried out. High-speed photography was used to capture the evolution of the bubble and the ice plate. It was found that the airgun bubble had a unique ‘pear’ shape compared with the spherical bubble generated by electric sparking. The pressure induced by the pulsation of the airgun bubble near a rigid wall was measured by the pressure sensor. The initial shockwave, oscillatory pressure peaks caused by the directional fast air injection, secondary shockwave, and pressure peak caused by the bubble jet impact were clearly recorded. Three damage patterns of ice plates were observed and corresponding reasons were analyzed. The influence of dimensionless parameters, such as airgun-ice distance (Formula presented.) and ice thickness (Formula presented.), was also investigated. The physical mechanism of ice-water-gas interaction was summarized.
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19.
  • Yu, Wenjin, et al. (författare)
  • Deep Learning-Based Classification of Cancer Cell in Leptomeningeal Metastasis on Cytomorphologic Features of Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 12, s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is a critical challenge to diagnose leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), given its technical difficulty and the lack of typical symptoms. The existing gold standard of diagnosing LM is to use positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, which consumes significantly more time to classify cells under a microscope.Objective: This study aims to establish a deep learning model to classify cancer cells in CSF, thus facilitating doctors to achieve an accurate and fast diagnosis of LM in an early stage.Method: The cerebrospinal fluid laboratory of Xijing Hospital provides 53,255 cells from 90 LM patients in the research. We used two deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) models to classify cells in the CSF. A five-way cell classification model (CNN1) consists of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, and cancer cells. A four-way cancer cell classification model (CNN2) consists of lung cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, breast cancer cells, and pancreatic cancer cells. Here, the CNN models were constructed by Resnet-inception-V2. We evaluated the performance of the proposed models on two external datasets and compared them with the results from 42 doctors of various levels of experience in the human-machine tests. Furthermore, we develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software to generate cytology diagnosis reports in the research rapidly.Results: With respect to the validation set, the mean average precision (mAP) of CNN1 is over 95% and that of CNN2 is close to 80%. Hence, the proposed deep learning model effectively classifies cells in CSF to facilitate the screening of cancer cells. In the human-machine tests, the accuracy of CNN1 is similar to the results from experts, with higher accuracy than doctors in other levels. Moreover, the overall accuracy of CNN2 is 10% higher than that of experts, with a time consumption of only one-third of that consumed by an expert. Using the CAD software saves 90% working time of cytologists.Conclusion: A deep learning method has been developed to assist the LM diagnosis with high accuracy and low time consumption effectively. Thanks to labeled data and step-by-step training, our proposed method can successfully classify cancer cells in the CSF to assist LM diagnosis early. In addition, this unique research can predict cancer’s primary source of LM, which relies on cytomorphologic features without immunohistochemistry. Our results show that deep learning can be widely used in medical images to classify cerebrospinal fluid cells. For complex cancer classification tasks, the accuracy of the proposed method is significantly higher than that of specialist doctors, and its performance is better than that of junior doctors and interns. The application of CNNs and CAD software may ultimately aid in expediting the diagnosis and overcoming the shortage of experienced cytologists, thereby facilitating earlier treatment and improving the prognosis of LM.
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20.
  • Zhuang, Ting, et al. (författare)
  • SHARPIN stabilizes estrogen receptor a and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:44, s. 77137-77151
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estrogen receptor a is expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression. In our study, we identified the novel E3 ubiquitin ligase SHARPIN function to facilitate ERα signaling. SHARPIN is highly expressed in human breast cancer and correlates with ERα protein level by immunohistochemistry. SHARPIN expression level correlates with poor prognosis in ERα positive breast cancer patients. SHARPIN depletion based RNA-sequence data shows that ERα signaling is a potential SHARPIN target. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases ERα protein level, ERα target genes expression and estrogen response element activity in breast cancer cells, while SHARPIN overexpression could reverse these effects. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases estrogen stimulated cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, which effect could be further rescued by ERα overexpression. Further mechanistic study reveals that SHARPIN mainly localizes in the cytosol and interacts with ERα both in the cytosol and the nuclear. SHARPIN regulates ERα signaling through protein stability, not through gene expression. SHARPIN stabilizes ERα protein via prohibiting ERα protein poly-ubiquitination. Further study shows that SHARPIN could facilitate the mono-ubiquitinaiton of ERα at K302/303 sites and facilitate ERE luciferase activity. Together, our findings propose a novel ERα modulation mechanism in supporting breast cancer cell growth, in which SHARPIN could be one suitable target for development of novel therapy for ERα positive breast cancer.
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21.
  • Aamodt, K., et al. (författare)
  • Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 5
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 mu m in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.
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22.
  • Bhat, Goutam, et al. (författare)
  • NTIRE 2022 Burst Super-Resolution Challenge
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 2022 IEEE/CVF CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPRW 2022). - : IEEE. - 9781665487399 - 9781665487405 ; , s. 1040-1060
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Burst super-resolution has received increased attention in recent years due to its applications in mobile photography. By merging information from multiple shifted images of a scene, burst super-resolution aims to recover details which otherwise cannot be obtained using a simple input image. This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on burst super-resolution. In the challenge, the participants were tasked with generating a clean RGB image with 4x higher resolution, given a RAW noisy burst as input. That is, the methods need to perform joint denoising, demosaicking, and super-resolution. The challenge consisted of 2 tracks. Track 1 employed synthetic data, where pixel-accurate high-resolution ground truths are available. Track 2 on the other hand used real-world bursts captured from a handheld camera, along with approximately aligned reference images captured using a DSLR. 14 teams participated in the final testing phase. The top performing methods establish a new state-of-the-art on the burst super-resolution task.
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23.
  • Bi, Huan-Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Degeneracy relations in QCD and the equivalence of two systematic all-orders methods for setting the renormalization scale
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 748, s. 13-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) eliminates QCD renormalization scale-setting uncertainties using fundamental renormalization group methods. The resulting scale-fixed pQCD predictions are independent of the choice of renormalization scheme and show rapid convergence. The coefficients of the scale-fixed couplings are identical to the corresponding conformal series with zero beta-function. Two all-orders methods for systematically implementing the PMC-scale setting procedure for existing high order calculations are discussed in this article. One implementation is based on the PMC-BLM correspondence (PMC-I); the other, more recent, method (PMC-II) uses the R-delta-scheme, a systematic generalization of the minimal subtraction renormalization scheme. Both approaches satisfy all of the principles of the renormalization group and lead to scale-fixed and scheme-independent predictions at each finite order. In this work, we show that PMC-I and PMC-II scale-setting methods are in practice equivalent to each other. We illustrate this equivalence for the four-loop calculations of the annihilation ratio Re+e- and the Higgs partial width Gamma(H -> b (b) over bar). Both methods lead to the same resummed ('conformal') series up to all orders. The small scale differences between the two approaches are reduced as additional renormalization group {beta(i)}-terms in the pQCD expansion are taken into account. We also show that special degeneracy relations, which underly the equivalence of the two PMC approaches and the resulting conformal features of the pQCD series, are in fact general properties of non-Abelian gauge theory. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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24.
  • Bu, Qingwei, et al. (författare)
  • Historical intake and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides by the Australian population reconstructed from biomonitoring data
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 74, s. 82-88
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Quantifying the competing rates of intake and elimination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the human body is necessary to understand the levels and trends of POPs at a population level. In this paper we reconstruct the historical intake and elimination of ten polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from Australian biomonitoring data by fitting a population-level pharmacokinetic (PK) model. Our analysis exploits two sets of cross-sectional biomonitoring data for PCBs and OCPs in pooled blood serum samples from the Australian population that were collected in 2003 and 2009. The modeled adult reference intakes in 1975 for PCB congeners ranged from 0.89 to 24.5 ng/kg bw/day, lower than the daily intakes of OCPs ranging from 73 to 970 ng/kg bw/day. Modeled intake rates are declining with half-times from 1.1 to 1.3 years for PCB congeners and 0.83 to 0.97 years for OCPs. The shortest modeled intrinsic human elimination half-life among the compounds studied here is 6.4 years for hexachlorobenzene, and the longest is 30 years for PCB-74. Our results indicate that it is feasible to reconstruct intakes and to estimate intrinsic human elimination half-lives using the population-level PK model and biomonitoring data only. Our modeled intrinsic human elimination half-lives are in good agreement with values from a similar study carried out for the population of the United Kingdom, and are generally longer than reported values from other industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere.
  •  
25.
  • Cao, Zhiguo, et al. (författare)
  • Economic status as a determinant of national PCDD/PCDF releases and implications for PCDD/PCDF reduction
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 91:3, s. 328-335
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The annual releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) from 68 countries/regions were investigated by correlating quantitative emissions with economic status of the nations. The national dioxin/furan inventories were developed using the PCDD/PCDF Standardized Toolldt, which presents the quantitative releases from ten major source groups to five release vectors. The correlation between intensity of PCDDIPCDF release and economic status was discussed and the influence of economic status on composition of five release vectors and ten source groups was studied. As PCDD/PCDF are mainly released from human activities to environmental matrices, release per person (RpP) and release per unit area (RpA) are defined to reflect release burden (Donor) and contamination burden (Receptor), respectively. Based on these two concepts, International PCDD/PCDF Reduction Burden is characterized by burden quotient (BQ) and a calculation model is established. The numbers of countries/regions with high, moderate and low International PCDD/PCDF Reduction Burden were 19,31 and 18, respectively. The information in this paper can be used for politicians to develop legislations to improve International PCDD/PCDF Reduction.
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26.
  • Cao, Zhi-Guo, et al. (författare)
  • Particle size : A missing factor in risk assessment of human exposure to toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 49, s. 24-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For researches on toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust, selection of dust fraction is a critical influencing factor to the accuracy of human exposure risk assessment results. However, analysis of the selection of dust fraction in recent studies revealed that there is no consensus. This study classified and presented researches on distribution of toxic chemicals according to dust particle size and on relationship between dust particle size and human exposure possibility. According to the literature, beyond the fact that there were no consistent conclusions on particle size distribution of adherent fraction, dust with particle size less than 100 mu m should be paid more attention and that larger than 250 mu m is neither adherent nor proper for human exposure risk assessment. Calculation results based on literature data show that with different selections of dust fractions, analytical results of toxic chemicals would vary up to 10-fold, which means that selecting dust fractions arbitrarily will lead to large errors in risk assessment of human exposure to toxic chemicals in settled dust. Taking into account the influence of dust particle size on risk assessment of human exposure to toxic chemicals, a new methodology for risk assessment of human exposure to toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust is proposed and human exposure parameter systems to settled indoor dust are advised to be established at national and regional scales all over the world.
  •  
27.
  • Chen, Bin, et al. (författare)
  • Full-colour luminescent compounds based on anthracene and 2,2 '-dipyridylamine
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 1:44, s. 7409-7417
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Starting from two simple units of anthracene and 2,2'-dipyridylamine, a series of new luminescent compounds 1-8 were designed and synthesized by a combined strategy of changing the connection mode between the two units, extending the conjugation size, and introducing an additional electron donor. Photophysical properties of 1-8 were investigated and discussed on the basis of solvatochromic behaviour, theoretical calculations, crystal structure, and optimized structures. Interestingly, the emission wavelengths of these compounds could be successfully tuned from violet to red both in solutions and the solid-state, and prominent positive solvatochromism was observed for the compounds with a D-p-A framework. Consider compound 7 as an example, it shows peaks at 526 nm and 627 nm in cyclohexane and DMSO, respectively. Meanwhile, the quantum yield was decreased from 0.80 in cyclohexane to 0.12 in DMSO. The introduction of bulky groups was demonstrated to be effective for suppressing the aggregation effect and thus improving the solid state emission quantum yield. These results indicate that the combined structure modulation strategy offers a powerful tool for tuning the emission behaviour. To demonstrate the possibility of practical applications, 2 was employed as the emitting material for the fabrication of deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.2%. The CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08) are indicative of excellent blue color purity.
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28.
  • Chen, Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Preliminary release inventories of unintentionally generated dl-PCB and HCB from sources in China : Base year 2015
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 219, s. 875-881
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This research presents release inventories of unintentionally generated dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which so far have not been developed or assessed. For the inventory development, the amended Toolkit methodology as developed for reporting under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, has been applied. Based on the activity rate (AR) obtained from various statistical yearbooks, reports, or scientific literature, and the emission factors (EFs) suited to each technology level, we estimated the preliminary release inventories of unintentionally produced dl-PCB and HCB from 36 source categories in China for the reference year 2015. The result showed that in 2015, 656 g TEQ of unintentionally produced dl-PCB and 2,145,504 g (or 2146 kg) of unintentionally generated HCB were released in China from these 36 source categories. Most of dl-PCB and HCB was released to air, 71% or 60%, respectively. For comparison and for the sources which could be estimated for all three unintentional POPs the total releases of PCDD/PCDF were 5695 g TEQ per year. Of these, 78% were released to air. For dl-PCB and HCB, the vast majority of the releases from the source group 7 Production and use of consumer goods - is found in the products and not in air. With respect to source attribution and releases to air, the source groups SG3 - Heat and power generation and SG2 - Ferrous and non-ferrous metal production dominate the air emission inventory. Due to the lack of EFs, the calculated releases to the water and land were not well covered, which overall results in an underestimation of the total releases for all unintentional POPs.For comparison, the release inventories from Japan and from several other countries that were developed using methodologies other than the UNEP Toolkit are presented as well.
  •  
29.
  • Chen, Rui-Pin, et al. (författare)
  • Structured caustic vector vortex optical field : manipulating optical angular momentum flux and polarization rotation
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A caustic vector vortex optical field is experimentally generated and demonstrated by a caustic-based approach. The desired caustic with arbitrary acceleration trajectories, as well as the structured states of polarization (SoP) and vortex orders located in different positions in the field cross-section, is generated by imposing the corresponding spatial phase function in a vector vortex optical field. Our study reveals that different spin and orbital angular momentum flux distributions (including opposite directions) in different positions in the cross-section of a caustic vector vortex optical field can be dynamically managed during propagation by intentionally choosing the initial polarization and vortex topological charges, as a result of the modulation of the caustic phase. We find that the SoP in the field cross-section rotates during propagation due to the existence of the vortex. The unique structured feature of the caustic vector vortex optical field opens the possibility of multi-manipulation of optical angular momentum fluxes and SoP, leading to more complex manipulation of the optical field scenarios. Thus this approach further expands the functionality of an optical system.
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30.
  • Chen, Xianhao, et al. (författare)
  • WHEN FULL DUPLEX WIRELESS MEETS NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS : OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE wireless communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1536-1284 .- 1558-0687. ; 26:4, s. 148-155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • NOMA is a promising radio access technology for 5G wireless systems. The core of NOMA is to support multiple users in the same resource block via power or code domain multiplexing, which provides great enhancement in spectrum efficiency and connectivity. Meanwhile, with the recent advance in self-interference (SI) cancelation techniques, FD wireless communication has become a feasible technology enabling radios to receive and transmit simultaneously. This article aims to investigate the combination of these two emerging technologies. At first, several typical scenarios and protocols are presented to illustrate the application of the FD technique in NOMA systems. Then, a novel NOMA system with FD base stations (BSs) based on C-RAN is proposed. Furthermore, power allocation policies are discussed for the proposed scheme, and simulation results are provided to demonstrate its superiority. Finally, challenges and research opportunities of FD NOMA systems are also identified to stimulate future research.
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31.
  • Chen, Yu, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling from Yeast to Human Cell Models of Complex Diseases: Latest Advances and Challenges
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6029 .- 1064-3745. ; 2049, s. 329-345
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are mathematical models that enable systematic analysis of metabolism. This modeling concept has been applied to study the metabolism of many organisms including the eukaryal model organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that also serves as an important cell factory for production of fuels and chemicals. With the application of yeast GEMs, our knowledge of metabolism is increasing. Therefore, GEMs have also been used for modeling human cells to study metabolic diseases. Here we introduce the concept of GEMs and provide a protocol for reconstructing GEMs. Besides, we show the historic development of yeast GEMs and their applications. Also, we review human GEMs as well as their uses in the studies of complex diseases.
  •  
32.
  • Chen, Yao, et al. (författare)
  • Laser-surface-alloyed carbon nanotubes reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coatings
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 86:25, s. 251905-251907
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbon-nanotube (CNT)-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coatings have been fabricated by laser surface alloying. Microstructural observation using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that a large amount of CNTs remained with their original tubular morphology, even though some CNTs reacted with titanium element in the substrate during laser irradiation. Additionally, measurements on the elastic modulus and hardness of the composite coatings indicated that the mechanical properties were affected by the amount of CNTs in the starting precursor materials. Therefore, CNT-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite is a promising coating material for high-load-bearing metal implants
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33.
  • Chen, Zhibin, et al. (författare)
  • Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
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34.
  • Deng, Bin, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling asymmetric deformation along a curved strike-slip basement-fault system
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International journal of earth sciences. - : Springer. - 1437-3254 .- 1437-3262. ; 110, s. 165-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale curved strike-slip fault systems along which significant amounts of displacement have taken place are common in nature. Scaled analogue experiments were used in this study to investigate strike-slip deformation in cover units above a curved basement-fault system simulated by a rigid plate with an in-built curvature depicting a half-circular fault. The model results show that en-echelon, right-stepping Riedel shears and low-angle synthetic shears (Y-shears) always form at the beginning of deformation, and grow outwards with splay faults, most of which evolve into thrusts at later stages of deformation. Digital image correlation (DIC) analyses of the surface displacement vectors show that a diffuse zone of deformation progressively changes into en-echelon shears, which gradually develop into throughgoing shear zones with further deformation. The geometries of Riedel shears along two sides of the basement fault (i.e. concave and convex sides) show significant differences in fault shape and intersection angles between the faults and the curved basement fault, indicating an asymmetry in deformation with a much wider deformation zone occurring on the concave side. As a result, en-echelon and/or overlapping flower structures develop along the curved basement strike-slip fault system. In particular, Riedel shears with a upward-convex geometry are localised in both sides of the curved basement fault and a continuous reverse oblique-slip fault forms at the concave side. When compared with the geometry of curved strike-slip faults in nature (e.g. the Daliangshan shear zone in Xichang basin and the Red River shear zone in the Yinggehai basin, China) the model results depict the asymmetric evolution pattern of the faults on either side of curved basement faults.
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35.
  • Faber, Zachary J, et al. (författare)
  • The genomic landscape of core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemias
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 48, s. 1551-1556
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of leukemias frequently defined by recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, including rearrangements involving the core-binding factor (CBF) transcriptional complex. To better understand the genomic landscape of CBF-AMLs, we analyzed both pediatric (n = 87) and adult (n = 78) samples, including cases with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (n = 85) or CBFB-MYH11 (n = 80) rearrangements, by whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing. In addition to known mutations in the Ras pathway, we identified recurrent stabilizing mutations in CCND2, suggesting a previously unappreciated cooperating pathway in CBF-AML. Outside of signaling alterations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and CBFB-MYH11 AMLs demonstrated remarkably different spectra of cooperating mutations, as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 cases harbored recurrent mutations in DHX15 and ZBTB7A, as well as an enrichment of mutations in epigenetic regulators, including ASXL2 and the cohesin complex. This detailed analysis provides insights into the pathogenesis and development of CBF-AML, while highlighting dramatic differences in the landscapes of cooperating mutations for these related AML subtypes.
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36.
  • Fang, Xing, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of the superheating degree and cooling intensity on the as-cast microstructure of CP780 thin slab
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cast Metals Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-0461 .- 1743-1336. ; 36:1-3, s. 9-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper studied the effects of the superheating degree and cooling intensity on the solidification structure of CP 780 slab. The results indicated that the equiaxed crystal ratio decreases with the increase of superheating degree and the cooling intensity. When the superheating degree increases from 15 to 25°C, the equiaxed crystal ratio drops sharply. While the equiaxed crystal ratio decreases slightly with an increasing superheating degree from 25°C to 55°C. It is further revealed that the superheating degree has a greater effect on the equiaxed crystal ratio compared with the influence of cooling intensity. Quantitative analysed the relationship among the equiaxed crystal ratio, the superheating degree and cooling intensity is in line with the Extreme 2D model. The accuracy of the model performance can reach 97.6% when predicting the equiaxed crystal ratio of CSP-CP 780 during CSP process.
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37.
  • Fernandes, Alwyn R., et al. (författare)
  • Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 169
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite several decades of study, ambiguities persist in terms used to express environmental and biotic occurrences of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), the main ingredient of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This can lead to misinterpretation of data between analytical chemists, toxicologists, risk assessors/managers and regulators. The terms recommended here to harmonise reporting and reduce ambiguity use the conventional definition of PCAs - linear chlorinated alkanes (typically, C≥10) with one chlorine per carbon, although some evidence of multiple chlorination exists. Other recommendations include.● reporting the “Sum of measured PCAs” because “Total PCAs” is currently unquantifiable.●reporting individual chain lengths, e.g., ΣPCAs-C11, ΣPCAs-C13, allows easier comparability and allows toxicology and risk assessment to consider different PCA combinations.● maintain studies on individual PCAs in order to better characterise chemical, environmental and health risk behaviour.The terms could be extended in future to assimilate new findings on individual PCAs, multiple chlorination and chirality.
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38.
  • Gong, Wenwen, et al. (författare)
  • Emission factors of unintentional HCB and PeCBz and their correlation with PCDD/PCDF
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 230, s. 516-522
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz) have been listed as unintentional POPs in the annex of the Stockholm Convention and thus, attracted attention by government and researchers. Since the intentional production and use has ceased in most countries, the unintentional releases to the environment have increased. This study gathered 206 and 78 emission factors (EFs) of unintentional HCB and PeCBz from scientific publications and governmental reports, respectively. Most of the EFs referred to the release vector "air" (EFAir) and to a less extent to "product" (EFProduct). EFs were proposed for different source categories/classes used in the Toolkit according to the technologies that released the HCB or PeCBz. Overall, lowest and highest EFAir for HCB were found in the metallurgical industry range from 1 μg/t in well controlled plants (coke, iron and steel) up to 40,000 μg/t (secondary zinc). EFs for PeCBz were in similar order of magnitude. Due to lack of data, EFs to water, land or residue cannot be proposed. Using linear regression and statistical analysis such as Pearson correlation, we found strongest correlation of EFAir between HCB and PeCBz (R(2) = 0.79, P < 0.01) and weaker, but still significant, correlations for EFAir between PCDD/PCDFTEQ and HCB (R(2) = 0.56; P < 0.01) or PeCBz (R(2) = 0.31 P < 0.01) for various thermal processes.
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39.
  • Gong, Wenwen, et al. (författare)
  • Reassessment and update of emission factors for unintentional dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 605, s. 498-506
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One of the major goals of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is to continuously reduce the releases of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-paradioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from anthropogenic sources. Until now, most efforts have focused on the releases of PCDD/PCDF and to a lesser extent on unintentionally generated PCB, and therefore, release inventories reported as toxic equivalents (TEQ) do not include the twelve dioxin-like PCB (dl-PCB). In order to facilitate the development of national release inventories for the total TEQ - consisting of PCDD, PCDF and PCB - this study collected and summarized published emission factors (EFs) of unintentional dl-PCB or calculated them from measured data for the sources listed in the UNEP Toolkit. In total, 286 EFs for dl-PCB were found (or could be calculated) whereby 233 described release to air, 23 EFs addressed to residue, 25 EFs to product; and only 5 EFs addressed releases to land. Taking into account performance criteria such as the facility type and scale or abatement technologies, the EFs were grouped and assigned to the source categories and/or classes used in the UNEP Toolkit. With these newly added data and EFs of dl-PCB, the already existing EFs in the Toolkit can be improved and amended. In addition, a statistically significant correlation between the EFAir of dl-PCB proposed in this study and EFAir of PCDD/PCDF recommended in the Toolkit was observed.
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40.
  • Guirguis, Emilia, et al. (författare)
  • A Role for Phosphodiesterase 3B in Acquisition of Brown Fat Characteristics by White Adipose Tissue in Male Mice.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 154:9, s. 3152-3167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obesity is linked to various diseases, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. The idea of inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) to assume characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and thus gearing it to fat-burning instead of storage, is receiving serious consideration as potential treatment for obesity and related disorders. Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) links insulin- and cAMP-signaling networks in tissues associated with energy metabolism, including WAT. We utilized C57BL/6 PDE3B knockout (KO) mice to elucidate mechanisms involved in the formation of BAT in epididymal WAT (EWAT) depots. Examination of gene expression profiles in PDE3B KO EWAT revealed increased expression of several genes that block white and promote brown adipogenesis, such as C-terminal binding protein (Ctbp), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) and PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), but a clear BAT-like phenotype was not completely induced. However, acute treatment of PDE3B KO mice with the β3-adrenergic agonist, CL316243, markedly increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis and is thought to be important in formation of BAT in WAT, and of elongation of very long chain fatty acids 3 (Elovl3), which is linked to BAT recruitment upon cold exposure, causing a clear shift toward fat-burning and induction of BAT in KO EWAT. These data provide insight into mechanisms of BAT formation in mouse EWAT, suggesting that, in C57BL/6 background, an increase in cAMP, caused by ablation of PDE3B and administration of CL316243, may promote differentiation of prostaglandin-responsive progenitor cells in the EWAT stromal vascular fraction into functional brown adipocytes.
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41.
  • Hu, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Low-Carbohydrate Diet Scores and Mortality Among Adults With Incident Type 2 Diabetes
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Diabetes care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 46:4, s. 874-884
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to prospectively examine the association between postdiagnosis low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) patterns and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Among participants with incident diabetes identified in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, an overall total LCD score (TLCDS) was calculated based on the percentage of energy as total carbohydrates. In addition, vegetable (VLCDS), animal (ALCDS), healthy (HLCDS), and unhealthy (ULCDS) LCDS were further derived that emphasized different sources and quality of macronutrients. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to assess the association between the LCDS and mortality. RESULTS: Among 10,101 incident T2D cases contributing 139,407 person-years during follow-up, we documented 4,595 deaths of which 1,389 cases were attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 881 to cancer. The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) of total mortality per 10-point increment of postdiagnosis LCDS were 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) for TLCDS, 0.76 (0.71, 0.82) for VLCDS, and 0.78 (0.73, 0.84) for HLCDS. Both VLCDS and HLCDS were also associated with significantly lower CVD and cancer mortality. Each 10-point increase of TLCDS, VLCDS, and HLCDS from prediagnosis to postdiagnosis period was associated with 12% (7%, 17%), 25% (19%, 30%), and 25% (19%, 30%) lower total mortality, respectively. No significant associations were observed for ALCDS and ULCDS. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with T2D, greater adherence to LCD patterns that emphasize high-quality sources of macronutrients was significantly associated with lower total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
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42.
  • Jia, Kai-Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
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43.
  • Jiang, Jin-gang, et al. (författare)
  • Medical robotics
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Advances in Mechanical Engineering. - : SAGE Publications. - 1687-8132 .- 1687-8140. ; 7:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
44.
  • Jiang, Shu-Heng, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling of cancer-related body-wide effects identifies LTB4 as a diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 80, s. 104050-104050
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Cancer elicits a complex adaptive response in an organism. Limited information is available for the body-wide effects induced by cancer. Here, we evaluated multiorgan changes in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its precursor lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PanIN) to decipher changes that occur during PDAC development.METHODS: RNA-sequencing was employed in the brain, colon, stomach, kidney, heart, liver, and lung tissues of mice with PanIN and PDAC. A combination of differential expression analysis and functional-category enrichment was applied for an in-depth understanding of the multiorgan transcriptome. Differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in multiple organs was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in mouse and human serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.FINDINGS: Transcriptional changes within diverse organs during PanIN and PDAC stages were identified. Using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, increased neutrophil infiltration was discovered as a central and prominent affected feature, which occurred in the liver, lung, and stomach at the PanIN stage. The brain appeared to be well protected from the sequels of PanIN or PDAC. Importantly, serum LTB4 was able to discriminate PDAC from normal controls, chronic pancreatitis, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high performance.INTERPRETATION: Our study provides a high-resolution cartographic view of the dynamic multiorgan transcriptomic landscape of mice with PDAC and its precursor lesions. Our findings suggest that LTB4 could serve as a biomarker for the early detection of PDAC.FUNDING: The complete list of funders can be found in the Acknowledgement section.
  •  
45.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
  •  
46.
  • Li, Feiran, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • Deep learning-based k(cat) prediction enables improved enzyme-constrained model reconstruction
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-1158. ; 5:8, s. 662-672
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enzyme turnover numbers (k(cat)) are key to understanding cellular metabolism, proteome allocation and physiological diversity, but experimentally measured k(cat) data are sparse and noisy. Here we provide a deep learning approach (DLKcat) for high-throughput k(cat) prediction for metabolic enzymes from any organism merely from substrate structures and protein sequences. DLKcat can capture k(cat) changes for mutated enzymes and identify amino acid residues with a strong impact on k(cat) values. We applied this approach to predict genome-scale k(cat) values for more than 300 yeast species. Additionally, we designed a Bayesian pipeline to parameterize enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic models from predicted k(cat) values. The resulting models outperformed the corresponding original enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic models from previous pipelines in predicting phenotypes and proteomes, and enabled us to explain phenotypic differences. DLKcat and the enzyme-constrained genome-scale metabolic model construction pipeline are valuable tools to uncover global trends of enzyme kinetics and physiological diversity, and to further elucidate cellular metabolism on a large scale.
  •  
47.
  • Li, Qiaoxuan, et al. (författare)
  • Spatiotemporally Explicit Mapping of Built Environment Stocks Reveals Two Centuries of Urban Development in a Fairytale City, Odense, Denmark
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:22, s. 16369-16381
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The urban built environment stocks such as buildings and infrastructure provide essential services to urban residents, and their spatiotemporal dynamics are key to the circular and low-carbon transition of cities. However, spatiotemporally explicit characterization of urban built environment stocks remains hitherto limited, and previous studies on fine-grained mapping of built environment stocks often focus on an urban area without consideration of temporal dynamics. Here, we combined the emerging geospatial data and historical maps to quantify the spatially and temporally refined stocks of buildings and infrastructure and developed a novel indexing method to track the construction, demolition, and renovation for each building across various historical snapshots, with a case study of Odense, Denmark, from 1810 to 2018. We show that built environment stock in Odense increased from 80 t/cap in 1810 to 279 t/cap in 2018. Their dynamics appear overall in line with urban development of Odense over the past two centuries and well reflect the combined effects of industrialization, infrastructure development, socioeconomic characteristics, and policy interventions. Such spatiotemporally explicit stock mapping offers a physical and resource perspective for measuring urbanization and provides the public and government insight into urban spatial planning and related resource, waste, and climate strategies.
  •  
48.
  • Li, Wenting, et al. (författare)
  • Recent progress in silver nanowire networks for flexible organic electronics
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 8:14, s. 4636-4674
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) have attracted extensive attention as an essential element for future organic electronics (OEs), i.e. solution-processable, scalable and flexible organic electronics (FOEs). Although the traditional transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used in OEs, its brittleness and high cost significantly limit its application in the next generation of devices, typically flexible electronics. Thus, many alternatives, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, metal nanowires, metal grids and electrospun metallic nanofibers, have arisen at the forefront of FTEs. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have attracted particular attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity and high transmittance, as well as facile availability and low cost. Since many studies on AgNWs have been published, a comprehensive review highlighting the advantages of AgNWs in FOEs is highly required. In this review, the synthesis and film fabrication of AgNWs have been firstly summarized, focusing especially on the properties of conductivity and light transmittance. Next, post treatments with different approaches to improve the conductivity of AgNWs have been included. And then, characterization of FTEs has been introduced with details on key parameters for FOEs. Furthermore, AgNW-based FOEs have been summarized to demonstrate the recent progress, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic memory devices (OMDs), etc. Finally, perspectives for AgNWs in FOEs have been discussed and concluded as well. It is expected that AgNWs could be the focus of future FOEs compared with other alternatives in terms of their advantages of optoelectronic properties, film-formation, solution-processability and flexibility.
  •  
49.
  • Li, Xing-Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative Study of Dayside Pulsating Auroras Induced by Ultralow-Frequency Waves
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1997. ; 9:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3-5 band (period 10-600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which requires further study.
  •  
50.
  • Li, Xing Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 129:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy-dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test-particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse-induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research.
  •  
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