| 1. |
- Azhdar, Bruska, et al.
(författare)
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A new method for assessing the efficiency of stabilizers in polyolefins exposed to chlorinated water media
- 2009
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Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 28:6, s. 661-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chlorine used as disinfectant in tap water degrades most materials, including polyethylene. The most adequate (functional) test method, the pressure test, is complicated and expensive because the chlorinated aqueous media (Cl-2 or ClO2 in water) are unstable and they undergo reactions that are dependent on the pH. A new method which assesses the protection efficiency of phenolic antioxidants in polyolefins was developed. The method uses a liquid hydrocarbon analogue, squalane, in which antioxidants are dissolved. The organic phase was dispersed in the aqueous chlorinated phase (containing 10 ppm of either Cl-2 or ClO2; pH=6.8) at 70 degrees C by intense stirring. The depletion of antioxidant (Irganox 1010) was monitored by standard DSC determination of the oxidation induction time. It was shown that 300 min of exposure was sufficient to obtain useful data.
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| 2. |
- Guo, Feilong, et al.
(författare)
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How Early-Life Gut Microbiota Alteration Sets Trajectories for Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-861X. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine without any efficient therapeutic regimens. Gut microbiota, which plays an instrumental role in the development and maturation of the immune system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Emerging evidence has established that early-life events particularly maternal influences and antibiotic treatment are strongly correlated with the health or susceptibility to disease of an individual in later life. Thus, it is proposed that there is a critical period in infancy, during which the environmental exposures bestow a long-term pathophysiological imprint. This notion sheds new light on the development of novel approaches for the treatment, i.e., early interventions, more precisely, the prevention of many uncurable chronic inflammatory diseases like IBD. In this review, we have integrated current evidence to describe the feasibility of the "able-to-be-regulated microbiota," summarized the underlying mechanisms of the "microbiota-driven immune system education," explored the optimal intervention time window, and discussed the potential of designing early-probiotic treatment as a new prevention strategy for IBD.
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| 3. |
- Kirchhain, A., et al.
(författare)
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Organochalcogen stabilizers efficiently protect model polyolefins exposed to chlorinated media
- 2015
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Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 118, s. 82-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small amounts of chlorine dioxide that are routinely supplemented to drinking water as a disinfectant also cause a degradation of the polyolefin pipes that are used for distribution of the water. Commonly used phenolic antioxidants can extend the service life of the polymer but the expected lifetime is still much shorter than desired (50 years) due to depletion of the antioxidant in the surface zone exposed to the aqueous solution. In search for better stabilizers for the pipes, we have tested an organotellurium compound, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl 3-phenoxypropyl telluride (1), as well as its corresponding selenium and sulphur analogues and a series of organotellurium compounds where the electron density at the heteroatom was varied. Stabilizers were dissolved in squalane, which is a liquid hydrocarbon that could serve as a model for a polyolefin. The oxidation induction time (OIT), determined after exposure of the squalane solution to an aqueous solution of 10 ppm of chlorine dioxide for various times was determined by DSC to indicate the loss of antioxidant protection. Whereas Irganox 1010 was only effective as a stabilizer for a few hours, many of the organochalcogen compounds were considerably more resistant (>91 h for compound 1) towards chlorine dioxide. Thermogravimetric analyses of antioxidants indicated insignificant decomposition below 200 degrees C and increasing stability for the lighter chalcogen compounds (telluride < selenide < sulfide). Among organotelluriums, stability increases with increasing electron density at the heteroatom. Oxidation potentials of stabilizers as determined by cyclic voltammetry correlated fairly well with their protective effect in squalane (OIT-values). We therefore hypothesize that these compounds act primarily as electron donors towards peroxyl radicals. As determined by Te-125 NMR-spectroscopy, organotellurium compound 1 in the presence of an excess of chlorine dioxide failed to produce an oxidation product. This may be the clue to its long-lasting protective effect in the squalane-assay.
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| 4. |
- Pang, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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A Low-Code Development Platform for Industrialized Insect-based Bioconversion Systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024 33rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized insect-based bioconversion is a technologically promising and economical viable approach for solving global crisis of food security and waste management. The successful implementation of such a multi-disciplinary system requires comprehensive expertise and skills from biotechnology, automation, information, and circular economy domains. This is rather difficult for existing practitioners. To simplify their jobs, by leveraging recent advances in industrial informatics, this work proposed and developed a low-code development platform for engineering the automation logic of industrial insect rearing and processing. For feasibility demonstration, a pilot facility has been designed, deployed, and benchmarked in this work. When compared with the conventional pro-code practice, the proposed low-code approach can significantly reduce development costs, shorten delivery times, and improve communication efficiency.
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| 5. |
- Shi, Tian-Le, et al.
(författare)
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Differential gene expression and potential regulatory network of fatty acid biosynthesis during fruit and leaf development in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree with significant deployment values
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xanthoceras sorbifolium (yellowhorn) is a woody oil plant with super stress resistance and excellent oil characteristics. The yellowhorn oil can be used as biofuel and edible oil with high nutritional and medicinal value. However, genetic studies on yellowhorn are just in the beginning, and fundamental biological questions regarding its very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we reconstructed the VLCFA biosynthesis pathway and annotated 137 genes encoding relevant enzymes. We identified four oleosin genes that package triacylglycerols (TAGs) and are specifically expressed in fruits, likely playing key roles in yellowhorn oil production. Especially, by examining time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) constructed from fruit and leaf developments, we identified key enzymatic genes and potential regulatory transcription factors involved in VLCFA synthesis. In fruits, we further inferred a hierarchical regulatory network with MYB-related (XS03G0296800) and B3 (XS02G0057600) transcription factors as top-tier regulators, providing clues into factors controlling carbon flux into fatty acids. Our results offer new insights into key genes and transcriptional regulators governing fatty acid production in yellowhorn, laying the foundation for efforts to optimize oil content and fatty acid composition. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and putative regulatory relationships identified here will inform metabolic engineering and molecular breeding approaches tailored to meet biofuel and bioproduct demands.
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| 6. |
- Xiang, Chun‐Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the phylogeny of Dipsacales: New insights from phylogenomic analyses of complete plastomic sequences
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Systematics and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 1674-4918 .- 1759-6831. ; 58:2, s. 103-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic relationships in Dipsacales have long been a major challenge. Although considerable progress has been made during the past two decades, questions remain; the uncertain systematic positions of Heptacodium, Triplostegia, and Zabelia, in particular, impede our understanding of Dipsacales evolution. Here we use 75 complete plastomic sequences to reconstruct the phylogeny of Dipsacales, of which 28 were newly generated. Two primary clades were recovered that form the phylogenetic backbone of Dipsacales. Seven of the primary clades correspond to the recognized families Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae s. str., Diervillaceae, Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, and Valerianaceae, and one corresponds to Zabelia, which was found to be the closest relative of Morinaceae in all analyses. Additionally, our results, with greatly increased confidence in most branches, show that Heptacodium and Triplostegia are members of Caprifoliaceae s. str. and Dipsacaceae, respectively. The results of our study indicate that the complete plastomic sequences provide a fully‐resolved and well‐supported representation of the phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant consumption in squalane and polyethylene exposed to chlorinated aqueous media
- 2012
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Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 97:11, s. 2370-2377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squalane stabilized with 0.2 wt.% of Irganox 1010 and a medium-density polyethylene containing 0.1 wt.% of the same antioxidant were exposed to two different aqueous media (water solutions containing either 10 ppm Cl-2 or 10 ppm ClO2, both buffered to pH = 6.8) at different temperatures between 30 and 70 degrees C. The squalane phase was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (oxidation induction time, OIT) and infrared spectroscopy, and the aqueous media were analysed after concentrating the analytes using liquid-liquid extraction by liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. OIT measurements were carried out on the polyethylene samples after exposure to the chlorinated aqueous media. Exposure of the squalane systems to water containing ClO2 resulted in discolouration by the formation of quinoid structures and a faster depletion of the antioxidant than exposure to water containing Cl-2. The activation energy for the loss of antioxidant activity on exposure to ClO2-water was very low (<10 kJ mol(-1)) in the squalane test (no diffusion control) and 21 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) at a depth of 1-2 mm from the surface of polyethylene plaques (diffusion control). Calculation from earlier published OIT data from a HDPE exposed to Cl-2-water yielded an activation energy for the loss antioxidant activity of 68 kJ mol(-1). The antioxidant degradation products obtained from the exposure to the ClO2 aqueous medium were found at a higher concentration, were more polar and exhibited a higher proportion of low molar mass species than those obtained after exposure to the Cl-2 aqueous medium. The important chemical difference between ClO2 and Cl-2 is that the former is a one-electron oxidant whereas the latter preferentially reacts by hydrogen substitution. Possible further reactions, in agreement with the observations made, are proposed.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Long-term Performance of Polyethylene Stabilised WithPhenolic Antioxidants Exposed to Water Containing Chlorine Dioxide
- 2013
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Ingår i: Polymer testing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9418 .- 1873-2348. ; 32:2, s. 359-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of chlorine dioxide disinfectant to tap water prevents the spread of infection but has a serious drawback in that it degrades materials used in piping, including pipes made of polyethylene. Efficient methods are required to assess the long-term performance of different combinations of antioxidants and polyethylene grades. We have previously presented a screening method which exposes solutions of phenolic antioxidants in squalane (a liquid, low molar mass analogue of polyethylene) to 70 °C water containing either chlorine dioxide or chlorine. This method assesses the stability of the antioxidants towards these aqueous chlorinated media by determining the oxidation induction time through differential scanning calorimetry. The same experimental set-up with two modifications was used in developing a new method. A 0.3 mm thick polyethylene tape replaced the squalane phase and the supply of fresh water containing chlorine dioxide (10 ppm at pH = 6.8) was continuous; this required minimum attention from the operator over the longer exposure time periods used. Tapes of medium-density polyethylene containing 0.1 wt.% of six different phenolic antioxidants were studied. A linear relationship was established between the times to reach antioxidant depletion in the polyethylene tape samples and the times in the squalane samples (with the same antioxidants at the same concentration). A linear relationship was also found between the initial antioxidant consumption rates in polyethylene and squalane. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of drawn samples revealed the onset of surface oxidation and surface embrittlement in tape samples exposed beyond the time for antioxidant depletion.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorine dioxide resistance of different phenolic antioxidants in polyethylene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 111, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of polyethylene tape samples containing 8 different phenolic antioxidants (concentration = 0.1 +/- 0.01 wt.%) were exposed to water containing 10 ppm chlorine dioxide buffered to pH = 6.8 at 70 degrees C for different periods of time. The degradation rate and depletion time of the antioxidants in the polyethylene were obtained by oxidation induction time measurements using DSC. The majority of the tape samples (6 out of 8) showed a simple behaviour: the rate of antioxidant loss decreased and the antioxidant depletion time increased in linear fashion with increasing initial molar concentration of phenolic groups in the polymer. The tape that contained Hostanox O3 had a high initial phenolic concentration but it exhibited a short antioxidant depletion time due to the limited solubility of this antioxidant in polyethylene. Tapes containing Irganox 1330 and Cyanox 1790 showed antioxidant depletion times that were almost twice that of the other antioxidants with the same initial molar concentration of phenolic groups.
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| 12. |
- Yu, Wenbin
(författare)
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Degradation of polyethylene pipes distributing chlorinated water : depletion of stabilizers, release of degraded products and polymer degradation
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents the study of antioxidants depletions in chlorinated media (10 ppm Cl2 - and ClO2 - aqueous media), polyethylene pipes degradations scenarios and migration of the degraded species to aqueous phase. Pressure testing on pipes and squalane testing with controlled pH aqueous media (6.8 ± 0.2) containing either Cl2 or ClO2 were used for assessing the degradation products. Though squalane test used a liquid hydrocarbon instead of real plastic, it provided reliable data with an efficient and readily way of sampling. Medium density polyethylene pipes stabilized with hindered phenol and phosphite antioxidants were pressure tested with water containing 4 ppm chlorine dioxide (ClO2) at 90 °C as internal medium. The stabilizers were rapidly consumed towards the inner pipe wall; the rate of consumption was four times greater than in chlorinated (Cl2) aqueous (4 ppm, pH = 6.8) at the same temperature. The depletion of stabilizers occurred far into the pipe wall. The subsequent polymer degradation was an immediate surface reaction. It was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography that in the surface layer which came into contact with the oxidizing medium, the amorphous component of the polymer was heavily oxidized leaving a highly crystalline powder with many carboxylic acid chain ends in extended and once-folded chains. The depletion rate of the antioxidant exposed to ClO2 - aqueous media was also four times faster than that exposed to Cl2 - aqueous media by squalane test. The aqueous media was extracted to condense the remaining antioxidants and the degraded species from the squalane solution. The absorption spectra from infrared spectroscopy illustrated that carbonyl groups exist in degraded species from both ClO2 - and Cl2 - aqueous, and chlorine-carbon bond presented only in ClO2 - aqueous. It was proved by liquid chromatography that the peaks of oxidizing species formed in ClO2 aqueous media were more intense and they were different from the ones degraded compounds in Cl2.
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| 13. |
- Yu, Wenbin, 1984-
(författare)
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Deterioration of Polyethylene Exposed to Chlorinated Species in Aqueous Phases : Test Methods, Antioxidants Consumption and Polymer Degradation
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents a study of antioxidant depletion in water containing chlorinated species (water containing 10 ppm either Cl2 or ClO2, buffered to pH = 6.8), the degradation products in the aqueous phase, and polyethylene pipe degradation scenarios. A low molecular weight hydrocarbon analogue (squalane) was used instead of solid polyethylene as the host material for the antioxidants, and the depletion of antioxidants has been studied. The phenolic antioxidant Irganox 1010 was consumed ca. 4 times faster in water containing 10 ppm ClO2 than in water containing 10 ppm Cl2. The different degradation products in extracts from the aqueous phase identified by infrared, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed the different degradation mechanisms between ClO2 (" cleavage) and Cl2 (hydrogen substitution). The squalane test shows no energy barrier between 30 and 70 °C, and the activation energy of the antioxidant in solid PE was found to be ca. 21 kJ mol-1. A linear relationship has been established between the time to reach antioxidant depletion in the polyethylene tape samples and the time to reach depletion in samples based on squalane containing the same antioxidants. The surface oxidation and surface embrittlement of PE tape on long time exposure have been studied by IR and SEM. Pressure testing on medium density PE pipes with a controlled pH aqueous media (6.8 ± 0.2) containing 4 ppm either ClO2 or at 90 °C showed that the stabilizers were rapidly consumed towards the inner pipe wall and the rate of consumption in ClO2 was 4 times greater than in Cl2 solution. The subsequent polymer degradation was an immediate surface reaction. It was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography that, in the surface layer which came into contact with the oxidizing medium, the amorphous component of the polymer was heavily oxidized leaving a highly crystalline powder with many carboxylic acid chain ends in extended and once-folded chains.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Yu, Wenbin, et al.
(författare)
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Deterioration of polyethylene pipes exposed to water containing chlorine dioxide
- 2011
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Ingår i: Polymer degradation and stability. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-3910 .- 1873-2321. ; 96:5, s. 790-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorine species used as disinfectants in tap water have a deteriorating effect on many materials including polyethylene. There are only very few scientific reports on the effect on polyethylene pipes of water containing chlorine dioxide. Medium-density polyethylene pipes stabilized with hindered phenol and phosphite antioxidants were pressure tested with water containing 4 ppm chlorine dioxide at 90 degrees C and pH = 6.8 as internal medium. The stabilizers were rapidly consumed towards the inner pipe wall; the rate of consumption was four times greater than in chlorinated water (4 ppm, pH = 6.8) at the same temperature. The depletion of stabilizer occurred far into the pipe wall. A supplementary study on a polymer analogue (squalane) containing the same stabilizer package showed that the consumption of the phenolic antioxidant was 2.5 times faster when exposed water containing chlorine dioxide than on exposure to chlorinated water. The subsequent polymer degradation was an immediate surface reaction. It was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography that in the surface layer which came into contact with the oxidising medium, the amorphous component of the polymer was heavily oxidized leaving a highly crystalline powder with many carboxylic acid chain ends in extended and once-folded chains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that propagation of cracks through the pipe wall was assisted by polymer degradation.
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