| 1. |
- Bian, Zilong, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy lifestyle and cancer survival : A multinational cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 154:10, s. 1709-1718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors after a cancer diagnosis could influence the survival of cancer 60 survivors. To examine the independent and joint associations of healthy lifestyle factors with mortality outcomes among cancer survivors, four prospective cohorts (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], National Health Interview Survey [NHIS], UK Biobank [UKB] and Kailuan study) across three countries. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was defined based on five common lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, diet, physical activity and body mass index) that related to cancer survival. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of individual lifestyle factors and HLS with all-cause and cancer mortality among cancer survivors. During the follow-up period of 37,095 cancer survivors, 8927 all-cause mortality events were accrued in four cohorts and 4449 cancer death events were documented in the UK and US cohorts. Never smoking (adjusted HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.86), light alcohol consumption (adjusted HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82-0.90), adequate physical activity (adjusted HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.94), a healthy diet (adjusted HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61-0.78) and optimal BMI (adjusted HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85-0.93) were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. In the joint analyses of HLS, the HR of all-cause and cancer mortality for cancer survivors with a favorable HLS (4 and 5 healthy lifestyle factors) were 0.55 (95% CI 0.42-0.64) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.44-0.72), respectively. This multicohort study of cancer survivors from the United States, the United Kingdom and China found that greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle might be beneficial in improving cancer prognosis. This study investigated the independent and joint associations of healthy lifestyle factors with mortality outcomes among cancer survivors by analyzing data from four prospective cohorts across three countries-the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Health Interview Survey in the United States, the UK Biobank and the Kailuan study in China. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle could reduce the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality by half among cancer survivors. Specifically, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in physical activity and maintaining a healthy body mass index were associated with improved prognosis.image
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| 2. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 3. |
- Li, Doudou, et al.
(författare)
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and multiple health outcomes : an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:1, s. 230-243
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced from dietary nutrients. Many studies have discovered that circulating TMAO concentrations are linked to a wide range of health outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to summarize health outcomes related to circulating TMAO concentrations.Methods: We searched the Embase. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 15 February, 2022 to identify and update meta-analyses examining the associations between 'TAO and multiple health outcomes. For each health outcome, we estimated the summary effect size. 95% prediction CI. between-study heterogeneity. evidence of small-study effects, and evidence of excess-significance bias. These metrics were used to evaluate the evidence credibility of the identified associations.Results: This umbrella review identified 24 meta-analyses that investigated the association between circulating 'TAO concentrations and health outcomes including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer. and renal function. We updated these meta-analyses by including a total of 82 individual studies on 18 unique health outcomes. Among them, 14 associations were nominally significant. After evidence credibility assessment, we found 6 (33%) associations (i.e., all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertension. DM, and glomerular filtration rate) to present highly suggestive evidence.Conclusions: TMAO might be a novel biomarker related to human health conditions including all-cause mortality, hypertension. CVD, DM. cancer, and kidney function. Further studies are needed to investigate whether circulating 'MAO concentrations could be an intervention target for chronic disease.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Synthesis of Tungsten-Doped SnO2 and Graphene Nanocomposites for High-Performance Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:20, s. 17163-17171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composite of tungsten-doped SnO2 and reduced graphene oxide was synthesized through a simple one pot hydrothermal method. According to the structural characterization of the composite, tungsten ions were doped in the unit cells of tin dioxide rather than simply attaching to the surface. Tungsten-doped SnO2 was in situ grown on the surface of graphene sheet to form a three-dimensional conductive network that enhanced the electron transportation and lithium-ion diffusion effectively. The issues of SnO2 agglomeration and volume expansion could be also avoided because the, tungsten-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed on a graphene sheet. As a result, the nanocomposite electrodes of tungsten-doped SnO2 and reduced graphene oxide exhibited an excellent long-term cycling performance. The residual capacity was still as high as 1100 mA h g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) after 100 cycles. It still remained at 776 mA h g(-1) after 2000 cycles at the current density of lA g(-1).
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| 5. |
- Wu, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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In situ constructed Ag/C conductive network enhancing the C-rate performance of Si based anode
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 17, s. 102-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor intrinsic electrical conductivity as well as considerable volume change during lithium alloying/dealloying process has been a critical defect for high theoretical capacity silicon-based anodes. In our work, we demonstrate the synthesis design of multiscale recombined dendritic Si/Ag/C anode for high energy density LIBs via compositing bulky silicon with uniformly distributed Ag NPs, followed by a carbon source PDA (polydopamine) coating step. Here Ag NPs are generated by an in situ redox reaction between Ag+ and PDA, no need for additional reducing agents. According to the characterization analysis, the robust porous Si/Ag/C structure can provide channels for fast Li+ diffusion and electron conduction, promoting the formation of a thinner and more stable SEI film. As a result, the Si/Ag/C composite anode still yields a relatively high residual capacity of 1422.1 mAh g (1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g (1). In addition, it remains 633.1 mAh g (1) after 500 cycles at a high current density of 8 A g (1).
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| 6. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Health effects of high serum calcium levels : Updated phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation investigation and review of Mendelian randomisation studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 76
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCalcium plays a role in a wide range of biological functions. Here we conducted a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation (MR-PheWAS) analysis and a systematic review for MR studies to comprehensively investigate the health effects of serum calcium.MethodsOne-hundred and thirty genetic variants strongly associated with serum calcium levels were used as instrumental variables. A phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) was conducted to examine the associations of genetically predicted serum calcium with 1473 distinct phenotypes in the UK Biobank including 339,197 individuals. Observed associations in PheWAS were further tested for replication in two-sample MR replication analysis. A systematic review for MR studies on serum calcium was performed to synthesize the published evidence and compare with the current MR-PheWAS findings.FindingsHigher genetically predicted calcium levels were associated with decreased risk of 5 diseases in dermatologic and musculoskeletal systems and increased risk of 17 diseases in circulatory, digestive, endocrine, genitourinary and immune systems. Eight associations were replicated in two-sample MR analysis. These included decreased risk of osteoarthritis and increased risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerosis, hyperparathyroidism, disorder of parathyroid gland, gout, and calculus of kidney and ureter with increased serum calcium. Systematic review of 25 MR studies provided supporting evidence on five out of the eight disease outcomes, while the increased risk of gout, hyperparathyroidism and disorder of parathyroid gland were novel findings.InterpretationThis study found wide-ranged health effects of high serum calcium, which suggests that the benefits and adversities of strategies promoting calcium intake should be assessed
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Rongqi, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in relation to overall cancer and site-specific cancer risk : A prospective cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier. - 2589-0042. ; 27:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large prospective studies are required to better elucidate the associations of physical activity, sedentary behaviors (SBs), and sleep with overall cancer and site -specific cancer risk, accounting for the interactions with genetic predisposition. The study included 360,271 individuals in UK Biobank. After a median followup of 12.52 years, we found higher total physical activity (TPA) level and higher sleep scores were related to reduced risk of cancer while higher SB level showed a positive association with cancer. Compared with high TPA -healthy sleep group and low SB-healthy sleep group, low TPA -poor sleep group and high SBpoor sleep group had the highest risk for overall cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Adherence to a more active exercise pattern was associated with a lower risk of cancer irrespective of genetic risk. Our study suggests that improving the quality of sleep and developing physical activity habits might yield benefits in mitigating the cancer risk.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Validation and Simulation of an Anode Supported SOFC including Mass and Heat Transport, Fluid Flow and Chemical Reactions
- 2011
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Ingår i: ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. Collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, FUELCELL 2011. - 9780791854693 ; , s. 317-327
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that directly transform chemical energy into electricity, which are promising for future energy systems, since they are energy efficient and, when hydrogen is used as fuel, there are no direct emissions of greenhouse gases. The cell performance depends strongly on the material characteristics, the operating conditions and the chemical reactions that occur inside the cell. The chemical- And electrochemical reaction rates depend on temperature, material structure, catalytic activity, degradation and the partial pressures for the different species components. There is a lack of information, within the open literature, concerning the fundamentals behind these reactions. Experimental as well as modeling studies are needed to reduce this gap. In this study experimental data collected from an intermediate temperature standard SOFC with H2/H2O in the fuel stream are used to validate a previously developed computational fluid dynamics model based on the finite element method. The developed model is based on the governing equations of heat and mass transport and fluid flow, which are solved together with kinetic expressions for internal reforming reactions of hydrocarbon fuels and electrochemistry. This model is further updated to describe the experimental environment concerning cell design. Discussion on available active area for electrochemical reactions and average ionic transport distance from the anodic- to the cathodic three-phase boundary (TPB) are presented. The fuel inlet mole fractions are changed for the validated model to simulate a H2/H2O mixture and 30 % pre-reformed natural gas.
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| 10. |
- Carter, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Coffee consumption and cancer risk : a Mendelian randomisation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 41:10, s. 2113-2123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Coffee contains many bioactive chemicals and associations with cancer have been reported in observational studies. In this Mendelian randomisation (MR) study we investigated the causal associations of coffee consumption with a broad range of cancers.Materials and methods: Twelve independent genetic variants proxied coffee consumption. Geneticallypredicted risk of any cancer (59,647 cases) and 22 site-specific cancers was estimated in Europeandescent individuals in UK Biobank. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted.Results: Genetically-predicted coffee consumption was not associated with risk of any cancer in the main analysis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98-1.14, p = 0.183) but was associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancer (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.51, p = 0.003), driven by a strong association with oesophageal cancer (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.73-4.50, p = 2.5x10-5). This association was consistent after adjustment for genetically-predicted body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. There was no strong evidence supporting a causal relationship between genetically-predicted coffee consumption and the majority of cancers studied. However, genetically-predicted coffee consumption was associated with increased risk of multiple myeloma (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.30-3.89, p = 0.004) and reduced ovarian cancer risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.93, p = 0.020).Conclusions: This MR study provides strong support for a causal association of coffee consumption with oesophageal cancer, but not for the majority of cancer types, and the underlying mechanisms require investigation.
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| 11. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidants, minerals and vitamins in relation to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis : A Mendelian randomization study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 57:4, s. 399-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEvidence for antioxidants, minerals and vitamins in relation to the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited and inconsistent. This mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to examine the causal associations of circulating levels of antioxidants, minerals and vitamins with CD and UC.MethodsSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with antioxidants (beta-carotene, lycopene and uric acid), minerals (copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and selenium), and vitamins (folate, vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E and K1) were employed as instrumental variables. Genetic associations with CD and UC were extracted from the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study and the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. The inverse variance weighted method and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsGenetically predicted higher lycopene (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97), vitamins D (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54–0.79) and K1 (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97) levels were inversely associated with CD risk, whereas genetically predicted higher magnesium (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.23–1.90) levels were positively associated with CD risk. Higher levels of genetically predicted lycopene (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.95), phosphorus (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58–0.82), selenium (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97), zinc (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89–0.94), folate (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.92) and vitamin E (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69–0.88) were associated with reduced UC risk, whereas genetically predicted high levels of calcium (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22–1.76) and magnesium (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49) were associated with increased risk of UC.ConclusionsOur study provided evidence that circulating levels of antioxidants, minerals and vitamins might be causally linked to the development of IBD.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Analysis Provides Evidence for the Causal Involvement of Dysregulation of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 17:5, s. 777-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims Systemic inflammation is well recognised to be associated with ulcerative colitis [UC], but whether these effects are causal or consequential remains unclear. We aimed to define potential causal relationship of cytokine dysregulation with different tiers of evidence. Methods We first synthesised serum proteomic profiling data from two multicentred observational studies, in which a panel of systemic inflammatory proteins was analysed to examine their associations with UC risk. To further dissect observed associations, we then performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation [TSMR] analysis from both forward and reverse directions using five genome-wide association study [GWAS] summary level data for serum proteomic profiles and the largest GWAS of 28 738 European-ancestry individuals for UC risk. Results Pooled analysis of serum proteomic data identified 14 proteins to be associated with the risk of UC. Forward MR analysis using only cis-acting protein quantitative trait loci [cis-pQTLs] or trans-pQTLs further validated causal associations of two chemokines and the increased risk of UC: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 [CXCL9] [OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08, 1.95, p = 0.012] and C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [CCL11] [OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.18, p = 3.89 x 10(-10)]. Using both cis- and trans-acting pQTLs, an association of caspase-8 [CASP8] [OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05, p = 7.63 x 10(-19)] was additionally identified. Reverse MR did not find any influence of genetic predisposition to UC on any of these three inflammation proteins. Conclusion Pre-existing elevated levels of CXCL9, CCL11 and CASP8 may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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| 13. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal Consequences of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glycemic Homeostasis : A Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 46:4, s. 828-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the associations of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits with gastrointestinal diseases (GDs).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Uncorrelated genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (n = 231), fasting insulin (n = 38), fasting glucose (n = 71), and hemoglobin A1c (n = 75) at the genome-wide significance were selected as instrument variables. Genetic associations with 23 common GDs were obtained from the FinnGen and UK Biobank studies and other large consortia.RESULTS: Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes was associated with the risk of 12 GDs. Per 1-unit increase in the log-transformed odds ratio (OR) of type 2 diabetes, the OR was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03-1.09) for gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.07-1.17) for gastric ulcer, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.20) for acute gastritis, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13) for chronic gastritis, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.12) for irritable bowel syndrome, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01-1.07) for diverticular disease, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.14) for acute pancreatitis, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.12) for cholelithiasis, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.13) for cholelithiasis with cholecystitis, 1.29 (95% CI, 1.17-1.43) for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.21) for liver cirrhosis, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97) for ulcerative colitis. Genetically predicted higher levels of fasting insulin and glucose were associated with six and one GDs, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Associations were found between genetic liability to type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of a broad range of GDs, highlighting the importance of GD prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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| 14. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : Mendelian randomization study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The role of plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), cirrhosis, and liver cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the causality of the associations of plasma phospholipid AA with NALFD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer using Mendelian ran-domization analysis.Methods: Nine independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma phospholipid AA at the genome-wide significance were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for three outcomes were obtained from 1) a genome-wide association study for NAFLD, 2) the UK Biobank study, and 3) the Finn -Gen study. The sensitivity analysis excluding the pleiotropic variant rs174547 in the FADS1 gene was per-formed. Estimates from different sources were combined using the fixed-effects meta-analysis method.Results: Per standard deviation increase in AA levels, the combined odds ratio was 1.06 (95% confidence inter-val, 1.02-1.11; P = 0.008) for NAFLD, 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09; P = 0.009) for cirrhosis, and 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.05; P = 0.765) for liver cancer. The associations remained stable in the sensitivity analysis excluding rs174547.Conclusions: This study suggests potential causal associations of high levels of plasma phospholipid AA with the risk of NAFLD and cirrhosis.
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| 15. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of incident cardiovascular disease among patients with gastrointestinal disorder : a prospective cohort study of 330,751 individuals.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The associations between gastrointestinal diseases (GIs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study to explore their associations.METHODS: This study included 330 751 individuals without baseline CVD from the UK Biobank cohort. Individuals with and without GIs were followed up until the ascertainment of incident CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), heart failure (HF) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The diagnosis of diseases was confirmed with combination of the nationwide inpatient data, primary care data, and cancer registries. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the associations between GIs and the risk of incident CVD.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 31 605 incident CVD cases were diagnosed. Individuals with GIs had an elevated risk of CVD (hazard ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.34-1.41, P < 0.001). Eleven out of fifteen GIs were associated with an increased risk of CVD after Bonferroni-correction, including cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gastritis and duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer, celiac disease, diverticulum, appendicitis, and biliary disease. The associations were stronger among women, individuals aged ≤ 60 years, and those with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2.CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale prospective cohort study revealed the associations of GIs with an increased risk of incident CVD, in particular CHD and PAD. These findings support the reinforced secondary CVD prevention among patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
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| 16. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and gastrointestinal diseases : evidence from mendelian randomization analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The causal associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the risk of gastrointestinal disease are unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine these associations.Methods: Genetic instruments associated with leisure screen time (LST, an indicator of a sedentary lifestyle) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at the genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10-8) level were selected from a genome-wide association study. Summary statistics for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank study, the FinnGen study, and large consortia. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted for genetically determined LST with adjustment for MVPA and vice versa. We also performed multivariable MR with adjustment for genetically proxied smoking, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and fasting insulin for both exposures.Findings: Genetically proxied longer LST was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal reflux, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and acute appendicitis. Most associations remained after adjustment for genetic liability to MVPA. Genetic liability to MVPA was associated with decreased risk of gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis. The associations attenuated albeit directionally remained after adjusting for genetically predicted LST. Multivariable MR analysis found that BMI and type 2 diabetes mediated the associations of LST and MVPA with several gastrointestinal diseases.Interpretation: The study suggests that a sedentary lifestyle may play a causal role in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases.
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| 17. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease : proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses
- 2023
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identifying new drug targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is urgently needed. The proteome is a major source of therapeutic targets. We conducted a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses to identify possible targets for IBD.Methods: Summary-level data of 4907 circulating protein levels were extracted from a large-scale protein quantitative trait loci study including 35,559 individuals. Genetic associations with IBD and its subtypes were obtained from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (25,024 cases and 34,915 controls), the FinnGen study (7206 cases and 253,199 controls), and the UK Biobank study (7045 cases and 449,282 controls). MR analysis was conducted to estimate the associations between protein and IBD risk. The colocalization analysis was used to examine whether the identified proteins and IBD shared casual variants.Findings: Genetically predicted levels of 3, and 5 circulating proteins were associated with IBD and ulcerative colitis (UC), respectively. With high supporting evidence of colocalization, genetically predicted MST1 (macrophage stim-ulating 1) and HGFAC (hepatocyte growth factor activator) levels were inversely associated with IBD risks. The as-sociations of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), MST1, CXCL5 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5), and ITPKA (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A) with the risk of UC were supported by colocalization analysis.Interpretation: The proteome-wide MR investigation identified many proteins associated with the risk of IBD. MST1, HGFAC, STAT3, ITPKA, and CXCL5 deserve further investigation as potential therapeutic targets for IBD. 2023;89: Published https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.ebiom.2023. 104494
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| 18. |
- Chen, Wenju, et al.
(författare)
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Porous cellulose diacetate-SiO2 composite coating on polyethylene separator for high-performance lithium-ion battery
- 2016
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 147, s. 517-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developments of high-performance lithium ion battery are eager to the separators with high ionic conductivity and thermal stability. In this work, a new way to adjust the comprehensive properties of inorganic-organic composite separator was investigated. The cellulose diacetate (CDA)-SiO2 composite coating is beneficial for improving the electrolyte wettability and the thermal stability of separators. Interestingly, the pore structure of composite coating can be regulated by the weight ratio of SiO2 precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the coating solution. The electronic performance of lithium ion batteries assembled with modified separators are improved compared with the pristine PE separator. When weight ratio of TEOS in the coating solution was 9.4%, the composite separator shows the best comprehensive performance. Compared with the pristine PE separator, its meltdown temperature and the break-elongation at elevated temperature increased. More importantly, the discharge capacity and the capacity retention improved significantly.
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| 19. |
- Chen, Wenju, et al.
(författare)
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Water-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coating for a High-Performance Separator
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 4:7, s. 3794-3802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of electric vehicles, the traditional polyolefin separators can not meet the increasing requirements of lithium ion batteries with high power density, high energy density, and high safety performance. Herein, a novel water-based binder is synthesized by grafting carboxyl groups onto cellulose diacetate. When the polyethylene (PE) separator is coated by this binder and SiO2 nanoparticles, the thermal shrinkage of the modified separator is observed to be almost 0% after exposure at 200 degrees C for 30 min. The puncture strength significantly increase from 5.10 MPa (PE separator) to 7.64 MPa. More importantly, the capacity retention of the cells assembled with modified separators after 100 cycles at 0.5 C increase from 73.3% (cells assembled with PE separator) to 81.6%, owing to the excellent electrolyte uptake and the good compatibility with lithium electrode. Besides, the modified separator shows excellent surface stability after 100 cycles. Considering the above excellent properties, this composite separator shows high potential to be used in lithium ion batteries with high power density and safety.
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| 20. |
- Chi, Mingming, et al.
(författare)
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Excellent rate capability and cycle life of Li metal batteries with ZrO2/POSS multilayer-assembled PE separators
- 2016
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Ingår i: NANO ENERGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855. ; 28, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today there are new interests in using metallic lithium as anode materials in lithium batteries because of its extremely large theoretical specific capacity. However, the low cycle efficiency and the lithium dendrite formation during repeated charge/discharge cycles hinder the practical application of metallic lithium anodes. Herein, we report a distinctive ZrO2/POSS multilayer deposited on PE separators by a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process to enable excellent rate capability and cycle life of lithium metal batteries. The ZrO2/POSS multilayer on PE separators weakens the solvation effect of lithium ions and significantly enhances the electrolyte uptake of separators, which is responsible for the enhanced ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number, as well as the improved Li/electrolyte interfacial stability. These advantageous characteristics of the resulting PE separators effectively decrease the electrode polarization and protect lithium metal anodes against lithium dendrites formation during repeated charge/discharge cycles, endowing LiCoO2/Li unit cells with both excellent electrochemical performance and high safety. The fundamental understanding on the effects of the micro/nano structures and properties of separators on the important electrochemistry processes at electrode/electrolyte interface of battery systems may lead to new approaches to tackle the intrinsic problems of Li metal anodes for energy storage applications.
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| 21. |
- Fan, Zhiwen, et al.
(författare)
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Porous Ionic Network/CNT Composite Separator as a Polysulfide Snaring Shield for High Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Macromolecular rapid communications. - 1022-1336 .- 1521-3927. ; 44:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery features a high theoretical energy density, but the shuttle of soluble polysulfides between the two electrodes often results in a rapid capacity decay. Herein, a straightforward electrostatic adsorption strategy based on a cross-linked polyimidazolium separator as a snaring shield of polysulfides is reported, which suppresses the undesirable migration of polysulfides to the anode. The porous ionic network (PIN)-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are successfully prepared and coated onto a commercial porous polypropylene membrane in a vacuum-filtration step. The favorable affinity of the imidazolium ring toward polysulfide via the polar interaction and the electrostatic effect of ions mitigates the undesirable shuttle of polysulfides in the electrolyte, improving the Li─S battery in terms of rate performance and cycling life. Compared to the reference PIN-free CNT-coated separator, the PIN/CNT-coated one has an increased initial capacity of 1.3 folds (up to 1394.8 mAh g−1 for PIN/CNT/PP-3) at 0.1 C.
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| 22. |
- Feng, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Null association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non-allergic rhinitis : A Mendelian randomization study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 51:1, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS). Objective To investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome-wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR-Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs was further applied. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779-1.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588-1.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis-related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European-ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.
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| 23. |
- Fu, Lixin, et al.
(författare)
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Nanocoating inside porous PE separator enables enhanced ionic transport of GPE and stable cycling of Li-metal anode
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research on chemical intermediates (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6168 .- 1568-5675. ; 45:10, s. 4959-4973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a simple and feasible method for preparing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with good ionic transport properties and mechanical stability is proposed. A ZrO2/KH570/PU/P123 layer was formed on the outer and inner pore surfaces of PE separator before in situ polymerization by a simple one-step dipping coating process. This coating layer changes the PE separator surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and therefore facilitates the uniform spreading of the GPE precursor solution on the PE surface to enable the formation of highly uniform GPE. Moreover, it effectively compensates the negative effects of in situ gelatinization on the ionic transport behavior of the final PE-supported GPE. This GPE possesses excellent ion transport properties and mechanical stability, as well as improves the static and dynamic interfacial stability with lithium metal anode. When using metallic lithium and LiCoO2 to assemble cells, this PE-supported GPE affords improved C-rate capability, cycling performance and effective dendrite inhibition. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 24. |
- Gao, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Visible-light photocatalytic properties of weak magnetic BiFeO3 nanoparticles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 19:19, s. 2889-2892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline BiFeO3 nanoparticles (size 80-120 nm) are prepared by a simple sol-gel technique. Such nanoparticles are very efficient for photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants under irradiation from ultraviolet to visible frequencies. The BiFeO3 nanoparticles also demonstrate weak ferromagnetism of about 0.06 mu(B)/Fe at room temperature, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
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| 25. |
- Gu, Xiuquan, et al.
(författare)
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ZnO based heterojunctions and their application in environmental photocatalysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 27:40
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an alternative to TiO2 photocatalysts, ZnO exhibits a large potential for photocatalytic (PC) applications in environmental treatments, such as degradation of wastewater, sterilization of drinking water, and air cleaning. However, the efficiency achieved with ZnO to date is far from that expected for commercialization, due to rapid charge recombination, photo-corrosion as well as poor utilization of solar energy. Fortunately, in recent years, a great number of breakthroughs have been achieved in PC performance (including activity and stability) of micro-/ nano-structured ZnO by forming heterojunctions (HJs) with metal nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanostructures and other semiconductors. In most cases, the improvement of PC performance was ascribed to the better charge separation at the interfaces between ZnO and the other components. Sometimes, the formation of hybrids is also in favor of visible light harvesting. This review summarizes recent advances in the fields of environmental photocatalysis by ZnO based HJs, and especially emphasizes their abilities in degradation of organic pollutants or harmful substances in water. We aim to reveal the mechanism underlying the enhanced PC performance by constructing HJs, and extend the potential of ZnO HJ photocatalysts for future trends, and practical, large-scale applications in environment-related fields.
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| 26. |
- He, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetically Controlled Reticular Assembly of a Chemically Stable Mesoporous Ni(II)-Pyrazolate Metal-Organic Framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:31, s. 13491-13499
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application scope of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is severely restricted by their weak chemical stability and limited pore size. A robust MOF with large mesopores is highly desired, yet poses a great synthetic challenge. Herein, two chemically stable Ni(II)-pyrazolate MOFs, BUT-32 and -33, were constructed from a conformation-matched elongated pyrazolate ligand through the isoreticular expansion. The two MOFs share the same sodalite-type net, but have different pore sizes due to the network interpenetration in BUT-32. Controlled syntheses of the two MOFs have been achieved through precisely tuning reaction conditions, where the microporous BUT-32 was demonstrated to be a thermodynamically stable product while the mesoporous BUT-33 is kinetically favored. To date, BUT-32 represents the first example of Ni-4-pyrazolate MOF whose structure was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the kinetic product BUT-33 integrates 2.6 nm large mesopores with accessible Ni(II) active sites and remarkable chemical stability even in 4 M NaOH aqueous solution and 1 M Grignard reagent. This MOF thus demonstrated an excellent catalytic performance in carbon-carbon coupling reactions, superior to other Ni(II)-MOFs including BUT-32. These findings highlight the importance of kinetic control in the reticular synthesis of mesoporous MOFs, as well as their superiority in heterogeneous catalysis.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- He, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Localization System for Precise Drone Landing
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. ; 23:5, s. 4126-4144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present MicNest: an acoustic localization system enabling precise drone landing. In MicNest, multiple microphones are deployed on a landing platform in carefully devised configurations. The drone carries a speaker transmitting purposefully-designed acoustic pulses. The drone may be localized as long as the pulses are correctly detected. Doing so is challenging: i) because of limited transmission power, propagation attenuation, background noise, and propeller interference, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of received pulses is intrinsically low; ii) the pulses experience non-linear Doppler distortion due to the physical drone dynamics; iii) as location information is used during landing, the processing latency must be reduced to effectively feed the flight control loop. To tackle these issues, we design a novel pulse detector, Matched Filter Tree (MFT), whose idea is to convert pulse detection to a tree search problem. We further present three practical methods to accelerate tree search jointly. Our experiments show that MicNest can localize a drone 120 m away with 0.53% relative localization error at 20 Hz location update frequency. For navigating drone landing, MicNest can achieve a success rate of 94 %. The average landing error (distance between landing point and target point) is only 4.3 cm.
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| 29. |
- Ishii, Hideaki, et al.
(författare)
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An overview on multi-agent consensus under adversarial attacks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annual Reviews in Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1367-5788 .- 1872-9088. ; 53, s. 252-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview on the recent advances in the research of security of cyber-physical systems. We place particular emphases on consensus problems for multi-agent systems in hostile environments and their analyses on the resiliency against two types of attacks. First, we discuss a class of data injection attacks by focusing on the approach based on mean subsequence reduced (MSR) algorithms and their variants. Agents equipped with such algorithms will ignore their neighbors taking extreme state values. Characterizations on the properties necessary for network topologies and moreover a number of extensions with enhanced resiliency will be established. As the second class of attacks, the effects of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks will be examined in the context of multi-agent consensus. By employing a DoS model based on the energy constraints of the attacker, we will observe that robustness against such attacks may depend on system properties such as dynamics of the individual agents and network structures. Applications of the algorithms will be further discussed for clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks and control of a group of mobile robots.
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| 30. |
- Jiang, Fangyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Association between antibiotic use during early life and early-onset colorectal cancer risk overall and according to polygenic risk and FUT2 genotypes
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 153:9, s. 1602-1611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has been increasing worldwide. Potential risk factors may have occurred in childhood or adolescence. We investigated the associations between early-life factors and EOCRC risk, with a particular focus on long-term or recurrent antibiotic use (LRAU) and its interaction with genetic factors. Data on the UK Biobank participants recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to February 2022 were used. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the associations between LRAU during early life and EOCRC risk overall and by polygenic risk score (constructed by 127 CRC-related genetic variants) and Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), a gut microbiota regulatory gene. We also assessed the associations for early-onset colorectal adenomas, as precursor lesion of CRC, to examine the effect of LRAU during early-life and genetic factors on colorectal carcinogenesis. A total of 113 256 participants were included in the analysis, with 165 EOCRC cases and 719 EOCRA cases. LRAU was nominally associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01-2.17, P = .046) and adenomas (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17-1.68, P < .001). When stratified by genetic polymorphisms of FUT2, LRAU appeared to confer a comparatively greater risk for early-onset adenomas among participants with rs281377 TT genotype (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.79-1.52, P = .587, for CC genotype; OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.16-2.64, P = .008, for TT genotype; Pinteraction = .089). Our study suggested that LRAU during early life is associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC and adenomas, and the association for adenomas is predominant among individuals with rs281377 TT/CT genotype. Further studies investigating how LRAU contributes together with genetic factors to modify EOCRC risk, particularly concerning the microbiome-related pathway underlying colorectal carcinogenesis, are warranted.
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| 31. |
- Jin, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced rate capability and high-voltage cycling stability of single-crystal nickel-rich cathode by surface anchoring dielectric BaTiO3
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 619, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single-crystal Ni-rich Li(NixCoyMn1_x_y)O-2 cathode (NCM) demonstrates better cycle performance, enhanced tap density and improved mechanical structure stability, compared with polycrystalline NCM. However, limited Li+ transports, (003) plane slips and microcracks in large single particles hinder rate capability and cycle performance. To overcome these shortcomings, single-crystal NCM cathodes have been modified by nanosized tetragonal BaTiO3. Due to the dielectric properties, BaTiO(3 )particles induce electric field concentration at the BaTiO3-NCM-electrolyte interface. Thus, a large amount of lithium vacancies can be formed, providing sufficient sites for the hopping diffusion of lithium ions, thereby significantly enhancing the diffusion coefficient of Li+. Moreover, the redistribution of charges can inhibit the formation and accumulation of cathode-electrolyte-interface. Owing to the synergetic effect of BaTiO3, the BT-modified single-crystal NCM with the optimized loading shows a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 138.5 mAh g(_1) and maintains 53.8% of its initial discharge capacity after 100 cycles under 5C at 4.5 V cut-off voltage. Overall, the proposed dielectric cathode-electrolyte-interface strategy can enhance Li+ ion transport and stabilize the interface structure, leading to improved rate performance. Meanwhile, the diffusion-induced state of charge gradient can also be inhibited, resulting in high structure stability of single-crystal NCMs under high rate and cut-off voltage cycling. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Jin, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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High Li+ Ionic Flux Separator Enhancing Cycling Stability of Lithium Metal Anode
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 6:3, s. 2961-2968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metallic lithium anode provides unparalleled opportunities for rechargeable batteries with very high energy density. A main problem hindering the development of cells using metallic lithium anodes stems from the electrochemical instability of the interface between metallic lithium and organic liquid electrolytes. This paper reports an approach rationally designing the surface characteristic of separator for stable, dendrite-free operation of lithium-metal batteries. A unique polymer multilayer PEI(PAA/PEO)(3) was fabricated on the microporous polyethylene (PE) separator by a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process, which maintains the pore structure and thickness of PE separator but remarkably enhances the ionic conductivity (from 0.36 mS cm(-1) to 0.45 mS cm(-1)) and Li+ transference number (from 0.37 to 0.48), as well as stabilizes lithium metal anodes against the reaction with liquid electrolytes during storage and repeated charge/discharge cycles, which is responsible for restraining the electrode polarization and the formation of lithium dendrites, and therefore endows lithium metal batteries with long-term cycling at high columbic efficiency and excellent rate capability, as well as the improved safety.
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| 33. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage : Genome-Wide Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
- 2024
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Ingår i: Stroke. - : American Heart Association. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 55:6, s. 1582-1591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The genetic and nongenetic causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain obscure. The present study aimed to uncover the genetic and modifiable risk factors for ICH.METHODS: We meta-analyzed genome-wide association study data from 3 European biobanks, involving 7605 ICH cases and 711 818 noncases, to identify the genomic loci linked to ICH. To uncover the potential causal associations of cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors with ICH, we performed Mendelian randomization analyses using genetic instruments identified in previous genome-wide association studies of the exposures and ICH data from the present genome-wide association study meta-analysis. We performed multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the independent associations of the identified risk factors with ICH and evaluate potential mediating pathways.RESULTS: We identified 1 ICH risk locus, located at the APOE genomic region. The lead variant in this locus was rs429358 (chr19:45411941), which was associated with an odds ratio of ICH of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.11-1.20; P=6.01x10-11) per C allele. Genetically predicted higher levels of body mass index, visceral adiposity, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and lifetime smoking index, as well as genetic liability to type 2 diabetes, were associated with higher odds of ICH after multiple testing corrections. Additionally, a genetic increase in waist-to-hip ratio and liability to smoking initiation were consistently associated with ICH, albeit at the nominal significance level (P<0.05). Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis showed that the association between body mass index and ICH was attenuated on adjustment for type 2 diabetes and further that type 2 diabetes may be a mediator of the body mass index-ICH relationship.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the APOE locus contributes to ICH genetic susceptibility in European populations. Excess adiposity, elevated blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and smoking were identified as the chief modifiable cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors for ICH.
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| 35. |
- Li, JunLong, et al.
(författare)
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Compact broadband circularly-polarised antenna with a backed cavity for UHF RFID applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725 .- 1751-8733. ; 13:6, s. 789-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact broadband circularly-polarised (CP) antenna is designed with a novel method for universal ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers. It is composed of a compact ring-shaped patch which aims to decrease the size of the antenna. A quadrature 3 dB coupler placed below the ground plane creates 90 degrees phase differences to generate the CP radiation of the antenna. To improve the performance of the proposed antenna and minimise its size, the authors use a coupling feeding method, an FR4 dielectric slab, and a metal cavity. The coupled feeding is implemented to eliminate the mismatching between the long probe and the ring-shaped patch, and to improve the gain over the operating band. The introduction of an FR4 dielectric slab and a cavity can reduce the antenna size and improve the impedance matching and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth. The antenna with a backed cavity can increase the front-to-back ratio remarkably and improve the CP performance further. The measured results show that the antenna with a low profile (0.45 lambda(0) x 0.45 lambda(0) x 0.06 lambda(0) at 915 MHz) has the impedance bandwidth of 30.2% (730-990 MHz) and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 24.2% (760-970 MHz). Both the impedance and the AR bandwidth cover the worldwide UHF RFID band.
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| 36. |
- Li, Qing-Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Association of food expenditure with life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 91-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: A healthy diet is associated with reduced risk for premature death; however, data on the association between food expenditure and life expectancy are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the association of expenditure on food groups with life expectancy in men and women.METHODS: This study used data from 1548 counties, representing >90% of the population of the United States from 2001 through the end of 2014. Multivariable adjusted Bayesian generalized linear models were used to assess the association of county-level expenditure on nine groups of individual food and combined healthy and unhealthy foods, and a constructed healthy diet score with life expectancy at 40 y of age by sex.RESULTS: A 1-unit increase in the healthy diet score based on food expenditure was associated with a 0.07 y (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.10), 0.04 y (95% CI, 0.02-0.07), and 0.06 y (95% CI, 0.04-0.08) increase in county-level life expectancy among men alone, women alone, and men and women combined, respectively. Increasing expenditure on whole grains (estimate of per 1% increase 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03-0.11), fresh fruit and vegetables (0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.09), and dairy products (0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07), as well as reducing expenditure on sugar-sweetened beverages (-0.02; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01) and processed red meat (-0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.02) showed a positive association with increased county-level life expectancy.CONCLUSIONS: These findings may inform a nutritional measure against premature death and stagnation of increase in life expectancy.
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| 37. |
- Li, Shun, et al.
(författare)
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A Mendelian randomization study of genetic predisposition to autoimmune diseases and COVID-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) share many similarities. Concerns have arisen that autoimmune diseases may increase the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate whether liability to autoimmune diseases is related to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Genetic instruments for 8 autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses of the associations of liability to each autoimmune disease with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, and very severe COVID-19 were performed using the latest publicly available genome-wide association study for COVID-19. Genetic liability to each of the autoimmune diseases was largely not associated with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, or very severe COVID-19 after accounting for multiple comparison. Sensitivity analysis excluding genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen gene, which has an important role in the immune response, showed similar results. The autoimmune diseases examined were largely not genetically associated with the susceptibility or severity of COVID-19. Further investigations are warranted.
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| 38. |
- Li, Shuangjun, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclic performance evaluation of CO2 adsorption using polyethylene terephthalate plastic-waste-derived activated carbon
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic-waste-derived activated carbons have recently been developed and exhibit excellent CO(2 )adsorption uptake. However, the CO2-adsorption performance of such recycled materials has only been considered on a basic characterization level and has not yet been evaluated in carbon capture cycles, thereby making biased analyses inevitable. Consequently, a whole chain including the material, process, and cycle is essential for comprehensively analyzing and evaluating novel CO2 adsorbents. Therefore, in this study, various CO2-capture cycles using PET plastic-waste-derived activated carbon adsorbents were numerically simulated, the cyclic CO2-adsorption performances were evaluated, and the application scenario was optimized. A methodology for evaluating the cyclic CO2-adsorption performance of PET plastic-waste-derived activated carbon was proposed for CO(2 )capture. The results suggested that the temperature/vacuum swing adsorption cycle was superior and that its maximum exergy efficiency reached 32.90%.
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| 39. |
- Li, Shuangjun, et al.
(författare)
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Entropy analysis on energy-consumption process and improvement method of temperature/vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) cycle
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 179, s. 876-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CO2 adsorption capture, which could be driven by various forms of energy, has been widely studied in recent years due to the equipment is easy to control with low energy consumption required. However, the existing research on the energy-efficiency aspects of temperature/vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) for CO2 capture are primarily focus on the quantification of input energy in specific cases. As a classical concept in thermodynamics, entropy has been widely applied in researches on the energy conversion process, which could benefit an in-depth understanding on the mechanism of "heatgeneralized chemical energy" conversion. However, an integrated thermodynamic research framework, which could clarify how to conduct a reasonable energy-consumption analysis of TVSA, has not been established yet. In this paper, a simplified thermodynamic cycle of 4-step TVSA was established, with the assumption of CO2 in adsorbed phase as loop fluid. With the application of the thermodynamic research framework proposed in this paper, the entropy analysis on the thermodynamic cycle was conducted. This study is concerned with application of thermodynamics concept to the CO2 adsorption engineering, which is mainly based on classical thermodynamics but also relying on adsorption physics to supply insight into the energy conversion and energy-efficient mechanism of TVSA technologies.
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| 40. |
- Li, Wanxin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Complex Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 32:6, s. 809-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human gut microbiome has complex relation-ships with the host, contributing to metabolism, immunity, and carcinogenesis.Methods: Summary-level data for gut microbiota and metabo-lites were obtained from MiBioGen, FINRISK and human meta-bolome consortia. Summary-level data for colorectal cancer were derived from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. In forward Mendelian randomization (MR), we employed genetic instrumental variables (IV) for 24 gut microbiota taxa and six bacterial metabolites to examine their causal relationship with colorectal cancer. We also used a lenient threshold for nine apriori gut microbiota taxa as secondary analyses. In reverse MR, we explored association between genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia and abundance of microbiota studied above using 95, 19, and 7 IVs for colorectal cancer, adenoma, and polyps, respectively.Results: Forward MR did not find evidence indicating causal relationship between any of the gut microbiota taxa or six bacterial metabolites tested and colorectal cancer risk. However, reverse MR supported genetic liability to colorectal adenomas was causally related with increased abundance of two taxa: Gammaproteobacteria (b = 0.027, which represents a 0.027 increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of Gam-maproteobacteria for per one-unit increase in log OR of adenoma risk; P = 7.06x10-8), Enterobacteriaceae (b = 0.023, P = 1.29x10-5).Conclusions: We find genetic liability to colorectal neoplasia may be associated with abundance of certain microbiota taxa. It is more likely that subset of colorectal cancer genetic liability variants changes gut biology by influencing both gut microbiota and colo-rectal cancer risk.Impact: This study highlights the need of future complemen-tary studies to explore causal mechanisms linking both host genetic variation with gut microbiome and colorectal cancer susceptibility.
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| 41. |
- Li, Xinxuan, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically predicted high IGF-1 levels showed protective effects on COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization : a Mendelian randomisation study with data from 60 studies across 25 countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological studies observed gender differences in COVID-19 outcomes, however, whether sex hormone plays a causal in COVID-19 risk remains unclear. This study aimed to examine associations of sex hormone, sex hormones-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and COVID-19 risk. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study was performed to explore the causal associations between testosterone, estrogen, SHBG, IGF-1, and the risk of COVID-19 (susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary level data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (N=1,348,701). Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR approach was used as the primary MR method and the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Results: Higher genetically predicted IGF-1 levels have nominally significant association with reduced risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization. For one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted IGF-1 levels, the odds ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.97, p=0.027) for COVID-19 susceptibility, 0.62 (95% CI: 0.25-0.51, p=0.018) for COVID-19 hospitalization, and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.52-1.38, p=0.513) for COVID-19 severity. There was no evidence that testosterone, estrogen, and SHBG are associated with the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity in either overall or sex-stratified TSMR analysis. Conclusions: Our study indicated that genetically predicted high IGF-1 levels were associated with decrease the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization, but these associations did not survive the Bonferroni correction of multiple testing. Further studies are needed to validate the findings and explore whether IGF-1 could be a potential intervention target to reduce COVID-19 risk.
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| 42. |
- Liang, Huali, et al.
(författare)
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Highly-ordered microstructure and well performance of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode material via the continuous microfluidic synthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ni-rich layered oxides are potential cathode candidate's materials for Li-ion batteries due to their low cost and high energy density. However, it is difficult to reproducibly prepare uniformly distributed element and wellcontrolled morphology of Ni-rich layered oxide particles. This study develops a continuous microfluidic reaction process to synthesize spherical carbonate precursors (Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2CO3). The as-synthesized LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials exhibit well-defined microsphere morphology, uniform particles size distribution, better thermal stability and homogeneous transition metal distribution, due to the excellent mixing, well mass and heat transfer rate during the microfluidic reaction. Moreover, the as-prepared LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials achieve higher initial capacity, excellent electrochemical reversibility and capacity retention than that of the samples prepared by traditional co-precipitation. Therefore, our results demonstrate that microfluidic reaction is a simple and effective synthesis technology for preparing Ni-rich layered cathode.
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| 43. |
- Liang, Wenbiao, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 materials for Li-ion batteries by microfluidic technology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-crystal LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (SC-NMC) cathode with electro-chemo-mechanically compliant microstructure is regarded as a promising candidate for high-energy-density lithium ion battery. However, the research of Ni-rich SC-NCM still lags behind its corresponding polycrystalline cathode materials, mainly due to the difficulties in synthesis. Herein, the single-crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (SC-NCM811) was successfully synthesized by microfluidic technology combined with the solid-state lithiation process. The nano-sized Ni0.8C- o0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 precursor prepared via microfluidic technology enhances its accessibility to lithium salts, thus exhibiting high chemical activity for lithiation reaction. As a result, the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode shows relatively small-scale grain size (<3 mu m), low cation mixing and well layered structure, which is beneficial to electrochemical kinetics and redox reversibility. The electrochemical characterization results further reveal that the optimized SC-NCM811 cathode can well balance the cycle performance and rate capability, showing good electrochemical performance. Overall, microfluidic technology is expected to provide a new strategy for pre-paring single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials, which may extend to the commercial application of other cathode materials.
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| 44. |
- Liu, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of characteristics of splash lubrication and churning power loss in gearboxes with a guide plate
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X. ; 198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to clarify the action mechanism of the guide plate's influence on the oil flow and power loss of the gearbox, this paper investigates the churning loss and lubrication performance of the gearbox with guide plate based on an advanced MPS method. The numerical results were compared with the existing experimental results to verify the applicability and accuracy of the numerical method. The effects of rotational speed and oil immersion depth on the oil flow in the gearbox were analyzed, and the structural parameters of the guide plate were changed to reduce the churning loss. It is found that the total churning loss decreases due to the effect of the guide plate, which is related to the weakening of the turbulent kinetic energy, the weakening of the aeration phenomenon and the reduction of the churning loss at the periphery and end face of the gears. In general, the smaller radial and axial clearance between the guide plate and the gears corresponds to lower churning loss and better lubrication performance.
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| 45. |
- Lo, Sheng-Han, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid desolvation-triggered domino lattice rearrangement in a metal-organic framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 12:1, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topological transitions between considerably different phases typically require harsh conditions to collectively break chemical bonds and overcome the stress caused to the original structure by altering its correlated bond environment. In this work we present a case system that can achieve rapid rearrangement of the whole lattice of a metal-organic framework through a domino alteration of the bond connectivity under mild conditions. The system transforms from a disordered metal-organic framework with low porosity to a highly porous and crystalline isomer within 40s following activation (solvent exchange and desolvation), resulting in a substantial increase in surface area from 725 to 2,749m(2)g(-1). Spectroscopic measurements show that this counter-intuitive lattice rearrangement involves a metastable intermediate that results from solvent removal on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites. This disordered-crystalline switch between two topological distinct metal-organic frameworks is shown to be reversible over four cycles through activation and reimmersion in polar solvents. A disordered metal-organic framework converts into a more porous, crystalline phase within 40s following solvent exchange and desolvation. The rapid domino rearrangement of the whole lattice, which involves carboxylate migration on coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, is accompanied by a substantial increase in surface area.
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| 46. |
- Lu, Yonglong, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between pollution and climate change augments ecological risk to a coastal ecosystem
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2096-4129 .- 2332-8878. ; 4:7, s. 161-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollution and climate change are among the most challenging issues for countries with developing economies, but we know little about the ecological risks that result when these pressures occur together. We explored direct effects of, and interactions between, environmental pollution and climate change on ecosystem health in the Bohai Sea region of Northern China. We developed an integrated approach to assess ecological risks to this region under four scenarios of climate change. Although ecological risks to the system from pollution alone have been declining, interactions between pollution and climate change have enhanced ecological risks to this coastal/marine ecosystem. Our results suggest that current policies focused strictly on pollution control alone should be changed to take into account the interactive effects of climate change so as to better forecast and manage potential ecological risks.
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| 47. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and development of composite solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium ion batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 441
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety concerns and the pursuit of high energy density have stimulated the development of high-performance solid-state lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the key component in solid-state lithium batteries, i.e. the solid-state electrolytes, also has attracted tremendous attention due to its non-flammability and good adaptability to high-voltage cathodes/lithium metal anodes. An in-depth understanding of the existing problems of solid-state electrolytes and proposed strategies for addressing these problems is crucial for the efficient design of high-performance solid-state electrolytes. In this review, we systematically summarized the current limitations of composite solid-state electrolytes and efforts to overcome them, and gave some proposals for the future perspectives of solid-state electrolytes with the aim to provide practical guidance for the researchers in this area.
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| 48. |
- Lv, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet-cured polyethylene oxide-based composite electrolyte enabling stable cycling of lithium battery at low temperature
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 596, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The room and low-temperature performances of solid-state lithium batteries are crucial to expand their practical application. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) has received great attention as the most representative polymer electrolyte matrix. However, most PEO-based solid-state batteries need to operate at high temperature due to low room temperature ionic conductivity. Improving the ionic conductivity by adding plasticizers or reducing the crystallinity of PEO often compromises its mechanical strength. Here, an amorphous PEO-based composite solid-state electrolyte is obtained by ultraviolet (UV) polymerizing PEO and methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH570)-modified SiO2 which demonstrates both satisfactory mechanical performance and high ionic conductivity at room (3.37 x 10(-4) S cm(-1)) and low temperatures (1.73 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 0 degrees C). In this electrolyte, the crystallinity of PEO is reduced through cross-linking, and therefore provides a fast Li+ ions transfer area. Moreover, the KH570-modified SiO2 inorganic particles promote the dissociation of lithium salts by Lewis acid centers to increase the ionic conductivity. Importantly, this kind of cross-linking networks endows the final electrolyte much higher mechanical strength than the pure PEO polymer electrolyte or PEO-inorganic filler blended systems. The solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell assembled with this electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity at room and low temperatures.
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| 49. |
- Ma, Xinwei, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Metro-Bikeshare Transfer Trip Chains by Matching Docked Bikeshare and Metro Smartcards
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metro-bikeshare integration, an important way of improving the efficiency of public transportation, has grown rapidly during the last decades in many countries. However, most previous analysis of metro-bikeshare transfer trips were based on limited sample size and the number of recognized metro-bikeshare trips were not sufficient. The primary objective of this study is to derive a method to recognize metro-bikeshare transfer trips. The two data sources are provided by Nanjing Metro Company and Nanjing Public Bicycle Company over the same period from 9-29 March 2016. The identifying method includes three steps: (1) Matching Card Pairs (2) Filtering Card Pairs and (3) Identifying Card Pairs. The case study indicates that the Support Vector Classification (SVC) performs best with a high prediction accuracy of 95.9% using seamless smartcards. The identifying method is then used to recognize the transfer trips from other types of cards, resulting in 17,022 valid metro-bikeshare transfer trips made by 2948 travelers. Finally, travel patterns extracted from the two groups of identified transfer trips are analyzed comparatively. The method proposed presents new opportunities for analyzing metro-bikeshare transfer trip characteristics.
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| 50. |
- Mao, Xufeng, et al.
(författare)
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Polyethylene separator activated by hybrid coating improving Li+ ion transference number and ionic conductivity for Li-metal battery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 342, s. 816-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low Li+ ion transference number is one fatal defect of the liquid LiPF6 electrolyte for Li-metal anode based batteries. This work aims to improve Li+ ion transference number and ionic conductivity polyethylene (PE) separators. By a simple dip-coating method, the water-borne nanosized molecular sieve with 3D porous structure (ZSM-5) can be coated on PE separators. Especially, the Li+ ion transference number is greatly enhanced from 0.28 to 0.44, which should be attributed to the specific pore structure and channel environment of ZSM-5 as well as the interaction between ZSM-5 and electrolyte. Compared with the pristine PE separator, the ionic conductivity of modified separators is remarkably improved from 0.30 to 0.54 mS cm(-1). As results, the C-rate capability and cycling stability are both improved. The Li-metal battery using the ZSM-5-modified PE separator keeps 94.2% capacity after 100 cycles. In contrast, the discharge capacity retention of the battery using pristine PE is only 74.7%.
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