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Sökning: WFRF:(Yue Lei)

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1.
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2.
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3.
  • Chen, Gongbo, et al. (författare)
  • Mortality risk attributable to wildfire-related PM2·5 pollution : a global time series study in 749 locations
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier. - 2542-5196. ; 5:9, s. e579-e587
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Many regions of the world are now facing more frequent and unprecedentedly large wildfires. However, the association between wildfire-related PM2·5 and mortality has not been well characterised. We aimed to comprehensively assess the association between short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2·5 and mortality across various regions of the world.METHODS: For this time series study, data on daily counts of deaths for all causes, cardiovascular causes, and respiratory causes were collected from 749 cities in 43 countries and regions during 2000-16. Daily concentrations of wildfire-related PM2·5 were estimated using the three-dimensional chemical transport model GEOS-Chem at a 0·25° × 0·25° resolution. The association between wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure and mortality was examined using a quasi-Poisson time series model in each city considering both the current-day and lag effects, and the effect estimates were then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Based on these pooled effect estimates, the population attributable fraction and relative risk (RR) of annual mortality due to acute wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure was calculated.FINDINGS: 65·6 million all-cause deaths, 15·1 million cardiovascular deaths, and 6·8 million respiratory deaths were included in our analyses. The pooled RRs of mortality associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in the 3-day moving average (lag 0-2 days) of wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure were 1·019 (95% CI 1·016-1·022) for all-cause mortality, 1·017 (1·012-1·021) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1·019 (1·013-1·025) for respiratory mortality. Overall, 0·62% (95% CI 0·48-0·75) of all-cause deaths, 0·55% (0·43-0·67) of cardiovascular deaths, and 0·64% (0·50-0·78) of respiratory deaths were annually attributable to the acute impacts of wildfire-related PM2·5 exposure during the study period.INTERPRETATION: Short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2·5 was associated with increased risk of mortality. Urgent action is needed to reduce health risks from the increasing wildfires.
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4.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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5.
  • Allanach, Benjamin C., et al. (författare)
  • Simple and statistically sound strategies for analysing physical theories
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 85:5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology fall into one or both of these categories. These issues are often sidestepped with statistically unsound ad hoc methods, involving intersection of parameter intervals estimated by multiple experiments, and random or grid sampling of model parameters. Whilst these methods are easy to apply, they exhibit pathologies even in low-dimensional parameter spaces, and quickly become problematic to use and interpret in higher dimensions. In this article we give clear guidance for going beyond these procedures, suggesting where possible simple methods for performing statistically sound inference, and recommendations of readily-available software tools and standards that can assist in doing so. Our aim is to provide any physicists lacking comprehensive statistical training with recommendations for reaching correct scientific conclusions, with only a modest increase in analysis burden. Our examples can be reproduced with the code publicly available at Zenodo.
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6.
  • Cai, Lei, et al. (författare)
  • GeospaceLAB : Python package for managing and visualizing data in space physics
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-987X. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the space physics community, processing and combining observational and modeling data from various sources is a demanding task because they often have different formats and use different coordinate systems. The Python package GeospaceLAB has been developed to provide a unified, standardized framework to process data. The package is composed of six core modules, including DataHub as the data manager, Visualization for generating publication quality figures, Express for higher-level interfaces of DataHub and Visualization, SpaceCoordinateSystem for coordinate system transformations, Toolbox for various utilities, and Configuration for preferences. The core modules form a standardized framework for downloading, storing, post-processing and visualizing data in space physics. The object-oriented design makes the core modules of GeospaceLAB easy to modify and extend. So far, GeospaceLAB can process more than twenty kinds of data products from nine databases, and the number will increase in the future. The data sources include, e.g., measurements by EISCAT incoherent scatter radars, DMSP, SWARM, and Grace satellites, OMNI solar wind data, and GITM simulations. In addition, the package provides an interface for the users to add their own data products. Hence, researchers can easily collect, combine, and view multiple kinds of data for their work using GeospaceLAB. Combining data from different sources will lead to a better understanding of the physics of the studied phenomena and may lead to new discoveries. GeospaceLAB is an open source software, which is hosted on GitHub. We welcome everyone in the community to contribute to its future development.
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7.
  • Chen, Gongbo, et al. (författare)
  • All-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality and wildfire-related ozone : a multicountry two-stage time series analysis
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier. - 2542-5196. ; 8:7, s. e452-e462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Wildfire activity is an important source of tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution. However, no study to date has systematically examined the associations of wildfire-related O3 exposure with mortality globally.Methods: We did a multicountry two-stage time series analysis. From the Multi-City Multi-Country (MCC) Collaborative Research Network, data on daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory deaths were obtained from 749 locations in 43 countries or areas, representing overlapping periods from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2016. We estimated the daily concentration of wildfire-related O3 in study locations using a chemical transport model, and then calibrated and downscaled O3 estimates to a resolution of 0·25° × 0·25° (approximately 28 km2 at the equator). Using a random-effects meta-analysis, we examined the associations of short-term wildfire-related O3 exposure (lag period of 0–2 days) with daily mortality, first at the location level and then pooled at the country, regional, and global levels. Annual excess mortality fraction in each location attributable to wildfire-related O3 was calculated with pooled effect estimates and used to obtain excess mortality fractions at country, regional, and global levels.Findings: Between 2000 and 2016, the highest maximum daily wildfire-related O3 concentrations (≥30 μg/m3) were observed in locations in South America, central America, and southeastern Asia, and the country of South Africa. Across all locations, an increase of 1 μg/m3 in the mean daily concentration of wildfire-related O3 during lag 0–2 days was associated with increases of 0·55% (95% CI 0·29 to 0·80) in daily all-cause mortality, 0·44% (–0·10 to 0·99) in daily cardiovascular mortality, and 0·82% (0·18 to 1·47) in daily respiratory mortality. The associations of daily mortality rates with wildfire-related O3 exposure showed substantial geographical heterogeneity at the country and regional levels. Across all locations, estimated annual excess mortality fractions of 0·58% (95% CI 0·31 to 0·85; 31 606 deaths [95% CI 17 038 to 46 027]) for all-cause mortality, 0·41% (–0·10 to 0·91; 5249 [–1244 to 11 620]) for cardiovascular mortality, and 0·86% (0·18 to 1·51; 4657 [999 to 8206]) for respiratory mortality were attributable to short-term exposure to wildfire-related O3.Interpretation: In this study, we observed an increase in all-cause and respiratory mortality associated with short-term wildfire-related O3 exposure. Effective risk and smoke management strategies should be implemented to protect the public from the impacts of wildfires.
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8.
  • Chen, Jiangong, et al. (författare)
  • Physical layer security for near-field communications via directional modulation
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 73:8, s. 12242-12246
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, near-field communications (NFCs) have drawn great attention for the near-field region expansion in the context of extremely large-scale (XL) antenna arrays, tremendously high frequencies, and new types of antennas trends. Considering the distinctive spherical wave propagation model in NFC, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, such as channel modelling and estimation as well as hybrid beamforming technologies, have recently undergone reevaluation and redesign. Concurrently, as the NFC range continues to broaden, ensuring physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as an equally urgent concern, necessitating immediate attention and resolution. Therefore, in this contribution, we propose a single-user (SU) multiple-input single-output (MISO) near-field directional modulation (NFDM) system toward secure transmissions at both angular and distance scales. Furthermore, considering the hardware cost associated with XL arrays, a fully analog secure precoding algorithm integrated beamforming with artificial noise (AN) as well as power allocation is devised under the modulus-1 constraint of the phase shifters. Finally, simulation results indicate that the proposed NFDM scheme is capable of guaranteeing security at both angular and distance scales compared with its conventional far-field counterpart.
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9.
  • Fan, Yue, et al. (författare)
  • Unveiling inflammatory and prehypertrophic cell populations as key contributors to knee cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using multi-omics data integration
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 83:7, s. 926-944
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of human knee articular cartilage tissue to present a comprehensive transcriptome landscape and osteoarthritis (OA)-critical cell populations.METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptomic technology have been applied to characterise the cellular heterogeneity of human knee articular cartilage which were collected from 8 OA donors, and 3 non-OA control donors, and a total of 19 samples. The novel chondrocyte population and marker genes of interest were validated by immunohistochemistry staining, quantitative real-time PCR, etc. The OA-critical cell populations were validated through integrative analyses of publicly available bulk RNA sequencing data and large-scale genome-wide association studies.RESULTS: We identified 33 cell population-specific marker genes that define 11 chondrocyte populations, including 9 known populations and 2 new populations, that is, pre-inflammatory chondrocyte population (preInfC) and inflammatory chondrocyte population (InfC). The novel findings that make this an important addition to the literature include: (1) the novel InfC activates the mediator MIF-CD74; (2) the prehypertrophic chondrocyte (preHTC) and hypertrophic chondrocyte (HTC) are potentially OA-critical cell populations; (3) most OA-associated differentially expressed genes reside in the articular surface and superficial zone; (4) the prefibrocartilage chondrocyte (preFC) population is a major contributor to the stratification of patients with OA, resulting in both an inflammatory-related subtype and a non-inflammatory-related subtype.CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight InfC, preHTC, preFC and HTC as potential cell populations to target for therapy. Also, we conclude that profiling of those cell populations in patients might be used to stratify patient populations for defining cohorts for clinical trials and precision medicine.
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10.
  • Fang, Xing, et al. (författare)
  • Microstructure and mechanical properties of the laser welded air-hardening steel joint
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 213
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The decrease in mechanical properties of high-strength steel after welding is an important issue affecting the wide application of high-strength steel. Air-hardening steel is a high-strength steel suitable for lower body structural parts such as subframes. Its application process involves welding, hot forming and other processes. The present work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of the air-hardening steel laser welded joint that is air-cooled after hot forming in the two-phase zone (800 °C). The microstructure was characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that during hot forming, the welded joint transforms from martensite to ferrite and acicular martensite, and the base metal transforms from ferrite to polygonal martensite and ferrite. The difference in martensite morphology between the welded joint and the base metal is attributed to the nucleation positions of austenite. The structural evolution of the welded joint and the base metal is accompanied with the annihilation and reproduction of dislocations, which results in significant changes in hardness. The hardness value dropped from the highest 430 HV to 271 HV in the welded joint, while increased from the lowest 184 HV to 203 HV in the base metal. After hot forming, the tensile strength of the welded sample is reduced by only 36 MPa, and the total elongation is slightly decreased by about 1.5% compared with the unwelded sample. The welded joint and the base metal have similar plastic deformation capabilities, since the acicular martensite in the welded joint displays good plastic deformation ability, and the dislocation density of the welded joint and the base metal is similar. Overall, the microstructure and dislocation density of the air-hardening steel welded joint after hot forming are similar to those of the base metal, which is responsible for the good mechanical properties of air-hardening steel welded joint.
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11.
  • Feng, Hongliang, et al. (författare)
  • Association between accelerometer-measured amplitude of rest-activity rhythm and future health risk : a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Healthy Longevity. - 2666-7568. ; 4:5, s. e200-e210
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The health effects of rest-activity rhythm are of major interest to public health, but its associations with health outcomes remain elusive. We aimed to examine the associations between accelerometer-measured rest-activity rhythm amplitude and health risks among the general UK population.METHODS: We did a prospective cohort analysis of UK Biobank participants aged 43-79 years with valid wrist-worn accelerometer data. Low rest-activity rhythm amplitude was defined as the first quintile of relative amplitude; all other quintiles were classified as high rest-activity rhythm amplitude. Outcomes of interest were defined using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes and consisted of incident cancer and cardiovascular, infectious, respiratory, and digestive diseases, and all-cause and disease-specific (cardiovascular, cancer, and respiratory) mortality. Participants with a current diagnosis of any outcome of interest were excluded. We assessed the associations between decreased rest-activity rhythm amplitude and outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models.FINDINGS: Between June 1, 2013, and Dec 23, 2015, 103 682 participants with available raw accelerometer data were enrolled. 92 614 participants (52 219 [56·4%] women and 40 395 [42·6%] men) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 56-69) were recruited. Median follow-up was 6·4 years (IQR 5·8-6·9). Decreased rest-activity rhythm amplitude was significantly associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (adjusted hazard ratio 1·11 [95% CI 1·05-1·16]), cancer (1·08 [1·01-1·16]), infectious diseases (1·31 [1·22-1·41]), respiratory diseases (1·26 [1·19-1·34]), and digestive diseases (1·08 [1·03-1·14]), as well as all-cause mortality (1·54 [1·40-1·70]) and disease-specific mortality (1·73 [1·34-2·22] for cardiovascular diseases, 1·32 [1·13-1·55] for cancer, and 1·62 [1·25-2·09] for respiratory diseases). Most of these associations were not modified by age older than 65 years or sex. Among 16 accelerometer-measured rest-activity parameters, low rest-activity rhythm amplitude had the strongest or second- strongest associations with nine health outcomes.INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that low rest-activity rhythm amplitude might contribute to major health outcomes and provide further evidence to promote risk-modifying strategies associated with rest-activity rhythm to improve health and longevity.
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12.
  • Fu, Chaochao, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding the microwave annealing of silicon
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 2158-3226. ; 7:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Though microwave annealing appears to be very appealing due to its unique features, lacking an in-depth understanding and accurate model hinder its application in semiconductor processing. In this paper, the physics-based model and accurate calculation for the microwave annealing of silicon are presented. Both thermal effects, including ohmic conduction loss and dielectric polarization loss, and non-thermal effects are thoroughly analyzed. We designed unique experiments to verify the mechanism and extract relevant parameters. We also explicitly illustrate the dynamic interaction processes of the microwave annealing of silicon. This work provides an in-depth understanding that can expedite the application of microwave annealing in semiconductor processing and open the door to implementing microwave annealing for future research and applications.
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13.
  • Gan, Yong, et al. (författare)
  • Association between alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults in China
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 229
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of stroke in Chinese adults aged 40 years and over.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 113,573 Chinese adults aged >= 40 years in the China National Stroke Prevention Project (2014-2015) to examine correlations of alcohol consumption with the prevalence of stroke. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for various confounders, e.g., gender, age, smoking, physical activity and other health conditions.Results: Within the study population, a total of 12,753 stroke survivors were identified. The prevalence of light to moderate and of heavy alcohol consumption was 10.1% and 5.7% respectively. The multivariate logistic regression results show that light to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of stroke of all types [0.91 (95%CI: 0.85-0.97)] and of ischemic stroke [0.90 (0.84-0.97)]. No association was found between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with abstainers, the adjusted ORs of all stroke were 0.83 (0.75-0.92) for those who drank 11-20 years, and no association was found between 1 and 10 years or over 20 years of drinking and risk of stroke.Conclusions: These results indicate that light to moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against all and ischemic stroke, and heavy drinking was not significantly associated with risk of all stroke in China. No association between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke was found.
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14.
  • Guo, Peng Fei, et al. (författare)
  • Iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes on bismuth titanate nanosheets for metal affinity separation of phosphoproteins
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765. ; 196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Separation of phosphoproteins plays an important role for identification of biomarkers in life science. In this work, bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were prepared for selective separation of phosphoproteins. The iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate, followed by a ring opening reaction of epoxy group, and chelation of the obtained cis-diols with Fe3+ ions. The composite material was characterized to determine the size and thickness, the content of the organic polymer and the metal loading. The bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes showed selective binding for phosphoproteins in the presence of abundant interfering proteins, and a high binding capacity for phosphoproteins by virtue of the metal affinity between the metal ions on the polymer brushes and the phosphate groups in the phosphoproteins (664 mg β-Casein per g sorbent). The thermoresponsive property of the polymer brushes made it possible to adjust phosphoprotein binding by changing temperature. Finally, separation of phosphoproteins from a complex biological sample (i.e. milk) was demonstrated using the nanosheet-supported thermoresponsive polymer brushes.
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15.
  • Jia, Xiaomin, et al. (författare)
  • Single crystal metal-organic framework constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets and its derivative for oriented lithium plating
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Elsevier BV. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 42:9, s. 1553-1560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This vertically self-pillared (VSP) structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics. Here, we prepare a single crystal metal-organic framework (MOF), employing the ZIF-67 structure as a proof of concept, which is constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets (VSP-MOF). We further converted VSP-MOF into VSP-cobalt sulfide (VSP-CoS2) through a sulfidation process. Catalysis plays an important role in almost all battery technologies; for metallic batteries, lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and low redox potential. However, during the half-cell reaction (Li++e=Li), uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase layer. When employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition, there are many advantage to using this framework: 1) the VSP-CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre-catalyst, 2) the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+ with the enhanced electrical fields, and 3) the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive dendrites. All these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.
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16.
  • Jiang, Xu, et al. (författare)
  • Scheduling Parallel Real-Time Tasks on Virtual Processors
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. - : IEEE. - 1045-9219 .- 1558-2183. ; 34:1, s. 33-47
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many popular parallel programming models, e.g., OpenMP (OpenMP, 2013), applications are usually dispatched into several dedicated scheduling entities (named "threads " in common) for which the processor time of physical platform is provided through the OS schedulers. This behavior requires for a hierarchical scheduling framework, considering each thread as a virtual processor (VP). Moreover, hierarchical scheduling allow separate applications to execute together on a common hardware platform, with each application having the "illusion " of executing on a dedicated component. However, the problem for scheduling parallel real-time tasks on virtual multiprocessor platform has not been addressed yet. An analogous approach to virtual scheduling for parallel real-time tasks is federeted scheudling, where each task exclusively executes on a set of dedicated physical processors. However, federated scheduling suffers significant resource wasting. In this article, we study the scheduling of real-time parallel task on virtual multiprocessors. As a physical processor is shared by virtual processors, tasks effectively share processors with each other. We conduct comprehensive performance evaluation to compare our proposed approach with existing methods of different types. Experiment results show that our approach consistently outperforms existing methods to a considerable extent under a wide range of parameter settings.
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17.
  • Jing, Chun-lei, et al. (författare)
  • Avian malaria parasite infections do not affect personality in the chestnut thrush (Turdus rubrocanus) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Cell Press. - 2405-8440. ; 9:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Personality traits, the consistent individual behavioral differences, are currently gaining much attention in studies of natural bird populations. However, associations between personality traits and parasite infections are not often investigated. Even less attention has been given to studies of birds in the high-elevation region such as the Tibetan plateau. This research aims to examine the relationship between avian malaria parasites and two personality traits in a population of the Chestnut Thrush (Turdus rubrocanus) breed in the Tibetan plateau. Our results revealed no evidence of sex bias in malaria parasite prevalence. Furthermore, we found no effect of infection status on two personality scores: activity and boldness. Additionally, no effects on the activity level or boldness were observed for different parasite lineages of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, the sex of the birds, or their interactions. Similarly, we did not find any relationship between activity level and boldness with nestling numbers, sex, or their interactions. Notably, individuals with a larger number of offspring tended to display greater boldness. Our findings indicate that blood parasite infections are common in this population but do not significantly impact the personality of the birds.
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18.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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19.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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20.
  • Li, You, et al. (författare)
  • Cross-Media Communications With Decode-and-Forward Relay and Optimal Power Allocation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 69:8, s. 9201-9205
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the rapid development of wireless communications, the signals may be transmitted in different media, such as visible light and millimeter-wave along the communication path. In this case, there will be different devices working in different media, which cannot directly communicate to each other. For alleviating this problem, we first conceive a cross-media communication scenario where two devices for different media could communicate with the aid of a relay working in both media. Furthermore, we derive the average outage probability of the uplink and downlink communications. Finally, aiming at minimizing the derived average outage probability, the optimal power allocation (PA) scheme at the relay side is also derived and verified by simulation results.
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21.
  • Liu, Lianli, et al. (författare)
  • Real time volumetric MRI for 3D motion tracking via geometry-informed deep learning
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 49:9, s. 6110-6119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose To develop a geometry-informed deep learning framework for volumetric MRI with sub-second acquisition time in support of 3D motion tracking, which is highly desirable for improved radiotherapy precision but hindered by the long image acquisition time. Methods A 2D-3D deep learning network with an explicitly defined geometry module that embeds geometric priors of the k-space encoding pattern was investigated, where a 2D generation network first augmented the sparsely sampled image dataset by generating new 2D representations of the underlying 3D subject. A geometry module then unfolded the 2D representations to the volumetric space. Finally, a 3D refinement network took the unfolded 3D data and outputted high-resolution volumetric images. Patient-specific models were trained for seven abdominal patients to reconstruct volumetric MRI from both orthogonal cine slices and sparse radial samples. To evaluate the robustness of the proposed method to longitudinal patient anatomy and position changes, we tested the trained model on separate datasets acquired more than one month later and evaluated 3D target motion tracking accuracy using the model-reconstructed images by deforming a reference MRI with gross tumor volume (GTV) contours to a 5-min time series of both ground truth and model-reconstructed volumetric images with a temporal resolution of 340 ms. Results Across the seven patients evaluated, the median distances between model-predicted and ground truth GTV centroids in the superior-inferior direction were 0.4 +/- 0.3 mm and 0.5 +/- 0.4 mm for cine and radial acquisitions, respectively. The 95-percentile Hausdorff distances between model-predicted and ground truth GTV contours were 4.7 +/- 1.1 mm and 3.2 +/- 1.5 mm for cine and radial acquisitions, which are of the same scale as cross-plane image resolution. Conclusion Incorporating geometric priors into deep learning model enables volumetric imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution, which is particularly valuable for 3D motion tracking and has the potential of greatly improving MRI-guided radiotherapy precision.
  •  
22.
  • Liu, Lianli, et al. (författare)
  • Volumetric MRI with sparse sampling for MR-guided 3D motion tracking via sparse prior-augmented implicit neural representation learning
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0094-2405. ; 51:4, s. 2526-2537
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundVolumetric reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from sparse samples is desirable for 3D motion tracking and promises to improve magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiation treatment precision. Data-driven sparse MRI reconstruction, however, requires large-scale training datasets for prior learning, which is time-consuming and challenging to acquire in clinical settings.PurposeTo investigate volumetric reconstruction of MRI from sparse samples of two orthogonal slices aided by sparse priors of two static 3D MRI through implicit neural representation (NeRP) learning, in support of 3D motion tracking during MR-guided radiotherapy.MethodsA multi-layer perceptron network was trained to parameterize the NeRP model of a patient-specific MRI dataset, where the network takes 4D data coordinates of voxel locations and motion states as inputs and outputs corresponding voxel intensities. By first training the network to learn the NeRP of two static 3D MRI with different breathing motion states, prior information of patient breathing motion was embedded into network weights through optimization. The prior information was then augmented from two motion states to 31 motion states by querying the optimized network at interpolated and extrapolated motion state coordinates. Starting from the prior-augmented NeRP model as an initialization point, we further trained the network to fit sparse samples of two orthogonal MRI slices and the final volumetric reconstruction was obtained by querying the trained network at 3D spatial locations. We evaluated the proposed method using 5-min volumetric MRI time series with 340 ms temporal resolution for seven abdominal patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, acquired using golden-angle radial MRI sequence and reconstructed through retrospective sorting. Two volumetric MRI with inhale and exhale states respectively were selected from the first 30 s of the time series for prior embedding and augmentation. The remaining 4.5-min time series was used for volumetric reconstruction evaluation, where we retrospectively subsampled each MRI to two orthogonal slices and compared model-reconstructed images to ground truth images in terms of image quality and the capability of supporting 3D target motion tracking.ResultsAcross the seven patients evaluated, the peak signal-to-noise-ratio between model-reconstructed and ground truth MR images was 38.02 ± 2.60 dB and the structure similarity index measure was 0.98 ± 0.01. Throughout the 4.5-min time period, gross tumor volume (GTV) motion estimated by deforming a reference state MRI to model-reconstructed and ground truth MRI showed good consistency. The 95-percentile Hausdorff distance between GTV contours was 2.41 ± 0.77 mm, which is less than the voxel dimension. The mean GTV centroid position difference between ground truth and model estimation was less than 1 mm in all three orthogonal directions.ConclusionA prior-augmented NeRP model has been developed to reconstruct volumetric MRI from sparse samples of orthogonal cine slices. Only one exhale and one inhale 3D MRI were needed to train the model to learn prior information of patient breathing motion for sparse image reconstruction. The proposed model has the potential of supporting 3D motion tracking during MR-guided radiotherapy for improved treatment precision and promises a major simplification of the workflow by eliminating the need for large-scale training datasets.
  •  
23.
  • Lu, Shan, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling and optimization methods of integrated production planning for steel plate mill with flexible customization
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-321X .- 1004-9541. ; 23:12, s. 2037-2047
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With diversified requirements and varying manufacturing environments, the optimal production planning for a steelmill becomes more flexible and complicated. The flexibility provides operators with auxiliary requirements through an implementable integrated production planning. In this paper, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is proposed for the optimal planning that incorporates various manufacturing constraints and flexibility in a steel plate mill. Furthermore, two solution strategies are developed to overcome the weakness in solving the MINLP problem directly. The first one is to transform the original MINLP formulation to an approximate mixed integer linear programming using a classic linearization method. The second one is to decompose the original model using a branch-and-bound based iterative method. Computational experiments on various instances are presented in terms of the effectiveness and applicability. The result shows that the second method performs better in computational efforts and solution accuracy. (C) 2015 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.
  •  
24.
  • Lu, Shan, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling and Optimization Methods of Integrated Production Planning for Steel Plate Mill with Flexible Customization
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. - 2210-321X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With diversified requirements and varying manufacturing environments, the optimal production planning encountered in a steel mill became more flexible and also complicated. The flexibility can provide the operators with auxiliary requirements through an implementable integrated production planning. In this paper, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is formulated for the optimal planning that incorporates various manufacturing constraints and the flexibility in a steel plate mill. Furthermore, two solution strategies are developed to overcome the weakness of solving MINLP problem directly. The first one is to transform the original MINLP formulation to an approximate mixed integer linear programming (MILP) using a classic linearization method. The second one is to decompose the original model using a branch-and-bound based iterative method. Computational experiments on various problem instances are presented in terms of the effectiveness and applicability. The result shows that the proposed second method performs better in computational efforts and solution accuracy.
  •  
25.
  • Ma, Teng, et al. (författare)
  • Distributed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Assisted Indoor Positioning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 22:1, s. 47-58
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, communications with the aid of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which operates with the aim of enhancing the system communication performance, have aroused extensive researches. Furthermore, the use of RIS for positioning has been considered. Therefore, we focus on a practical structure of indoor positioning assisted by distributed RISs through utilizing their ability to manipulate multipath signals, through the developed quasi-static and dynamic modes. Specifically, in the quasi-static mode, for reducing the implementation cost, the reflection coefficients for each RIS are preset and remain constant. In the dynamic mode, the reflection coefficients can be timely updated with a two-step positioning approach toward more accurate positioning performance. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound of the developed positioning scheme is quantified through theoretical analysis. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that RIS has the potential to realize accurate positioning even with a single access point, due to its ability to mark the channel and replace traditional active positioning anchors. Meanwhile, we also show that the developed two-step positioning scheme can achieve considerable performance gain in accurate positioning.
  •  
26.
  • Ma, Teng, et al. (författare)
  • Integrated Sensing and Communication for Wireless Extended Reality (XR) With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1932-4553 .- 1941-0484. ; 17:5, s. 980-994
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Future wireless networks will witness ubiquitous human-machine interactions, where extended reality (XR) is expected to be a key scenario in next-generation mobile systems. In this article, we examine the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework in XR, where a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) may assist user (UE) positioning and communication. Specifically, a practical positioning algorithm based on multiple signal classification (MUSIC) with the aid of specially designed RIS configurations is conceived. Furthermore, we formulate the joint optimization of the UE beamformer and RIS phase shifter to maximize the channel capacity under Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) constraints, which is solved by alternating optimization with gradient projection and manifold optimization. Finally, we use simulation results to demonstrate the feasibility of the conceived positioning algorithm and corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.
  •  
27.
  • Ma, Teng, et al. (författare)
  • Spreading CDMA via RIS : Multipath Separation, Estimation, and Combination
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2327-4662. ; 10:13, s. 11396-11413
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As a revolutionary technology for future wireless communications, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), characterized by an efficient way of manipulating wireless signals, has been widely investigated in recent years toward enhancing signal quality, energy efficiency, throughput, and so on. However, in RIS-assisted Internet of Things (IoT), a new issue as multipath separation emerges, especially, when deploying multiple RISs to assist communication, since the devices may have limited signal processing capabilities. For alleviating this problem, we conceive a novel RIS-enabled code-division multiple access (CDMA) structure, where each RIS holds a specified time-varying coefficient to tag the channel. Moreover, multipath extraction is further considered, including a practical channel estimation approach along with theoretical derivations in terms of Cramér-Rao lower bound, mean-square error, as well as ergodic channel capacity. Simulation results corroborate the feasibility of the conceived RIS-CDMA structure and the effectiveness of the proposed multipath extraction approach.
  •  
28.
  • Ma, Y. M., et al. (författare)
  • Implementation of trait-based ozone plant sensitivity in the YaleInteractive terrestrial Biosphere model v1.0 to assess global vegetationdamage
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - 1991-959X. ; 16:8, s. 2261-2276
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A major limitation in modeling global ozone (O-3) vegetation damage has long been the reliance on empirical O-3 sensitivity parameters derived from a limited number of species and applied at the level of plant functional types (PFTs), which ignore the large interspecific variations within the same PFT. Here, we present a major advance in large-scale assessments of O-3 plant injury by linking the trait leaf mass per area (LMA) and plant O-3 sensitivity in a broad and global perspective. Application of the new approach and a global LMA map in a dynamic global vegetation model reasonably represents the observed interspecific responses to O-3 with a unified sensitivity parameter for all plant species. Simulations suggest a contemporary global mean reduction of 4.8% in gross primary productivity by O-3, with a range of 1.1 %-12.6% for varied PFTs. Hotspots with damage > 10% are found in agricultural areas in the eastern US, western Europe, eastern China, and India, accompanied by moderate to high levels of surface O-3. Furthermore, we simulate the distribution of plant sensitivity to O-3, which is highly linked with the inherent leaf trait trade-off strategies of plants, revealing high risks for fast-growing species with low LMA, such as crops, grasses, and deciduous trees.
  •  
29.
  • Niu, Hong, et al. (författare)
  • Artificial Noise Elimination : From the Perspective of Eavesdroppers
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 70:7, s. 4745-4754
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial noise (AN), aiming to disturb the eavesdropper while avoiding the influence on the legitimate receiver, has arisen as an excellent technology for improving the physical-layer security of wireless communications. In order to challenge AN, zero-forcing elimination (ZFE) has been introduced as a possible countermeasure to mitigate the AN for the eavesdropper at the cost of more available receive antennas. In this contribution, from the perspective of eavesdroppers, we further conceive a class of efficient null-space elimination (NSE) schemes in order to reduce the number of receive antennas while enhancing the detection quality compared to original ZFE. Furthermore, the performance of secrecy rate as well as bit-error rate (BER) is quantified for both ZFE and NSE schemes through theoretical derivation, while the influence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) is also evaluated. The performance comparison of the above-mentioned schemes illustrates that NSE can provide more robust performance for eavesdroppers over ZFE, with lower hardware requirements as well as moderate complexity increase.
  •  
30.
  • Niu, Hong, et al. (författare)
  • On the Efficient Design of RIS-Assisted MIMO Transmission
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 2022 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2022). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 2346-2351
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has arisen as an excellent technology for assisting wireless communications. In order to handle the intractable non-convex problem for jointly optimizing beamforming and PSs in multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) transmission, we propose a novel alternating direction (AD) method by maximizing the achievable rate (AR) at the receiver. Specifically, the initial problem is divided into the following two processes: i) optimizing the beamforming vector with fixed PSs, ii) determining a specific PS based on a closedform solution when the other PSs and beamforming are fixed. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed AD method provides robust attainable performance with reduced computational complexity compared to its traditional counterparts.
  •  
31.
  • Niu, Hong, et al. (författare)
  • On the Efficient Design of RIS-Assisted Secure MISO Transmission
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 11:8, s. 1664-1668
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For the sake of improving the physical-layer security, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been suggested to assist artificial noise (AN) to bridge both their advantages in multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. Specifically, for achieving the trade-off between the reliability and security of transmission, the phase shifts (PSs) and beamforming are jointly designed based on the oblique manifold (OM) algorithm (Wang et al., 2020) without eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI). In order to alleviate the computational complexity, a novel alternating direction (AD) algorithm is proposed in this contribution. Specifically, the initial problem is transformed into several subproblems, each of which determines a specific RIS unit via a closed-form solution when the other configurations are fixed. Furthermore, the AD algorithm is investigated to exhibit the low-complexity advantage in contrast to OM. Simulation results illustrate that AD can converge faster and more stably compared to OM with the same performance.
  •  
32.
  • Niu, Hong, et al. (författare)
  • When the CSI from Alice to Bob is Unavailable : What Can Eve Do to Eliminate the Artificial Noise?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 2022 IEEE 96TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC2022-FALL). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial noise elimination (ANE) has arisen as a possible countermeasure for mitigating the influence of artificial noise (AN) at the eavesdropper (Eve). However, conventional ANE schemes require the attainable channel state information (CSI) between the transmitter (Alice) and legitimate receiver (Bob), which reduces the feasibility of this proposal. In this paper, we investigate the issue of ANE without the CSI of Alice-Bob link by minimizing the artificial-noise-to-signal ratio (ANSR). Moreover, the detailed minor component analysis (MCA) algorithm is presented, and the computational complexity is quantified. Simulation results demonstrate that MCA can effectively degrade the influence of AN without the knowledge of CSI.
  •  
33.
  • Pan, Haodong, et al. (författare)
  • COVID‐19 and cognitive impairment : From evidence to SARS‐CoV‐2 mechanism
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Brain‐X. - 2835-3153. ; 2:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily manifests as respiratory dysfunction. However, emerging evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can invade the brain, leading to cognitive impairment (CI). It may spread to other brain regions through transsynaptic neurons, including the olfactory, optic, and vagus nerves. Moreover, it may invade the central nervous system through blood transmission or the lymphatic system. This review summarizes the neuroimaging evidence from clinical and imaging studies of COVID-19-associated CIs, including magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated CIs are currently being actively investigated. They include nonimmune effects, such as viral proteins, tissue hypoxia, hypercoagulability, and pathological changes in neuronal cells, and immune effects, such as microglia and astrocyte activation, peripheral immune cell infiltration, blood-brain barrier impairment, cytokine network dysregulation, and intestinal microbiota. Inflammation is the central feature. Both central and systemic inflammation may cause acute and persistent neurological changes, and existing evidence indicates that inflammation underlies the elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, potential therapeutic options for COVID-19-associated CIs are discussed. In-depth research into the pathological mechanisms is still needed to help develop new therapies.
  •  
34.
  • Shao, Yue, et al. (författare)
  • Crosslinking of a Single Poly(ionic liquid) by Water into Porous Supramolecular Membranes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:39, s. 17187-17191
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reversible regulation of membrane microstructures via non-covalent interactions is of considerable interest yet remains a challenge. Herein, we discover a general one-step approach to fabricate supramolecular porous polyelectrolyte membranes (SPPMs) from a single poly(ionic liquid) (PIL). The experimental results and theoretical simulation suggested that SPPMs were formed by a hydrogen-bond-induced phase separation of a PIL between its polar and apolar domains, which were linked together by water molecules. This unique feature was capable of modulating microscopic porous architectures and thus the global mechanical property of SPPMs by a rational design of the molecular structure of PILs. Such SPPMs could switch porosity upon thermal stimuli, as exemplified by dynamically adaptive transparency to thermal fluctuation. This finding provides fascinating opportunities for creating multifunctional SPPMs.
  •  
35.
  • Shao, Yue, et al. (författare)
  • Scalable Synthesis of Photoluminescent Single-Chain Nanoparticles by Electrostatic-Mediated Intramolecular Crosslinking
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 61:27
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report the large-scale synthesis of photoluminescent single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) by electrostatic-mediated intramolecular crosslinking in a concentrated solution of 40 mg mL−1 by continuous addition of the free radical initiator. Poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) was charged by quaternization with vinyl-imidazolium for the intramolecular crosslinking by using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMAP) as the radical initiator. Under the electrostatic repulsion thus interchain isolation, the intrachain crosslinking experiences the transition from coil through pearl-necklace to globular state. The SCNPs demonstrate strong photoluminescence in the visible range when the non-emissive units are confined thereby. Composition and microstructure of the SCNPs are tunable. The photoluminescent tadpole-like Janus SCNP can be used to selectively illuminate interfacial membranes while stabilizing the emulsions. 
  •  
36.
  • Shen, Cheng, et al. (författare)
  • Increases of Offshore Wind Potential in a Warming World
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Offshore wind farms, a rapidly expanding sector within wind energy, are playing a significant role in achieving global carbon neutrality, and this trend is to continue. Here, we utilize ERA5 reanalysis to correct offshore wind speed trends predicted by CMIP6 models. This approach led to enhanced projections for changes in offshore Wind Power Density (WPD) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios. Throughout the 21st century, global offshore WPD is projected to follow an upward trend across all SSP scenarios. Notably, Europe stands out with the most substantial increase in offshore WPD among regions with higher current installations, projected to reach up to 26% under 4°C global warming. Our study uncovers a notable increase of global offshore WPD in a warmer climate, which offers valuable insights for the strategic planning of future global wind energy.
  •  
37.
  • Song, Kai, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Improve the roles of nature reserves in conservation of endangered pheasant in a highly urbanized region
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nature reserves play an extraordinarily important role in conserving animal populations and their habitats. However, landscape change and unreasonable zoning designations often render these protected areas inadequate. Therefore, regular evaluation of the efficacy of protected lands is critical for maintaining and improving management strategies. Using species distribution models and GAP analysis, we assessed the changes in suitable habitat for the Brown Eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) in two Chinese nature reserves between 1995 and 2013. Our results showed that the habitat suitability of Brown Eared-pheasant has changed dramatically during this period, and fragmentation analyses showed an increase in concentration area and decrease in patch area. In particular, our findings show that the national nature reserves need to adjust their ranges to ensure the conservation of this flagship species. Our study further provides a new viewpoint for evaluating the efficacy of protected lands, particularly in highly urbanized regions where conservation goals must be balanced with changing landscapes.
  •  
38.
  • Tang, Liqiu, et al. (författare)
  • A zeolite family with chiral and achiral structures built from the same building layer
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 7:5, s. 381-385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Porosity and chirality are two of the most important properties for materials in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Inorganic microporous materials such as zeolites have been widely used in ion-exchange, selective sorption/separation and catalytic processes. The pore size and shape in zeolites play important roles for specific applications(1-3). Chiral inorganic microporous materials are particularly desirable with respect to their possible use in enantioselective sorption, separation and catalysis(4). At present, among the 179 zeolite framework types reported, only three exhibit chiral frameworks(5-7). Synthesizing enantiopure, porous tetrahedral framework structures represents a great challenge for chemists. Here, we report the silicogermanates SU-32 (polymorph A), SU-15 (polymorph B) (SU, Stockholm University) and a hypothetical polymorph C, all built by different stacking of a novel building layer. Whereas polymorphs B and C are achiral, each crystal of polymorph A exhibits only one hand and has an intrinsically chiral zeolite structure. SU-15 and SU-32 are thermally stable on calcination.
  •  
39.
  • Wang, Yu-Cheng, et al. (författare)
  • Porous Carbon Membrane-Supported Atomically Dispersed Pyrrole-Type Fe-N-4 as Active Sites for Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 16:31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The rational design of catalytically active sites in porous materials is essential in electrocatalysis. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe-N-x sites supported by hierarchically porous carbon membranes are designed to electrocatalyze the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), one of the key techniques in electrochemical nitrogen transformation. The high intrinsic catalytic activity of the Fe-N-x single-atom catalyst together with the uniquely mixed micro-/macroporous membrane support positions such an electrode among the best-known heteroatom-based carbon anodes for hydrazine fuel cells. Combined with advanced characterization techniques, electrochemical probe experiments, and density functional theory calculation, the pyrrole-type Fe-N-4 structure is identified as the real catalytic site in HzOR.
  •  
40.
  • Yang, Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Improving Electrical Performance of Few-Layer MoS2 FETs via Microwave Annealing
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 40:7, s. 1116-1119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted great attention because of its novel electrical and optoelectrical properties for devices. In this letter, we perform a systematic study on the evolution of the electrical performance of the few-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) under microwave annealing. As a result, obvious improvements on electrical properties are achieved for the sample annealed in N-2 ambience between 420 and 840 W. The on/off current ratio of similar to 8.34 x 10(8) and the hysteresis of 2.1 V, which are similar to 150 times higher and similar to 2.1 times smaller compared with that of fabricated MoS2 FET, respectively. The proposed technique provides a new method to approach high-performance few-layer MoS2 FETs with minimized parasitic resistances.
  •  
41.
  • Yang, Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Multicriteria evaluation of discharge simulation in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. - 2169-8996. ; 120:15, s. 7488-7505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, we assessed the performance of discharge simulations by coupling the runoff from seven Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs; LPJ, ORCHIDEE, Sheffield-DGVM, TRIFFID, LPJ-GUESS, CLM4CN, and OCN) to one river routing model for 16 large river basins. The results show that the seasonal cycle of river discharge is generally modeled well in the low and middle latitudes but not in the high latitudes, where the peak discharge (due to snow and ice melting) is underestimated. For the annual mean discharge, the DGVMs chained with the routing model show an underestimation. Furthermore, the 30year trend of discharge is also underestimated. For the interannual variability of discharge, a skill score based on overlapping of probability density functions (PDFs) suggests that most models correctly reproduce the observed variability (correlation coefficient higher than 0.5; i.e., models account for 50% of observed interannual variability) except for the Lena, Yenisei, Yukon, and the Congo river basins. In addition, we compared the simulated runoff from different simulations where models were forced with either fixed or varying land use. This suggests that both seasonal and annual mean runoff has been little affected by land use change but that the trend itself of runoff is sensitive to land use change. None of the models when considered individually show significantly better performances than any other and in all basins. This suggests that based on current modeling capability, a regional-weighted average of multimodel ensemble projections might be appropriate to reduce the bias in future projection of global river discharge.
  •  
42.
  • Yang, Lulu, et al. (författare)
  • Association of accelerometer-derived circadian abnormalities and genetic risk with incidence of atrial fibrillation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: npj Digital Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 2398-6352. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evidence suggests potential links between circadian rhythm and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether circadian disruption can predict the onset of AF in the general population remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm (CRAR, the most prominent circadian rhythm in humans) with the risk of AF, and examine joint associations and potential interactions of CRAR and genetic susceptibility with AF incidence. We include 62,927 white British participants of UK Biobank without AF at baseline. CRAR characteristics, including amplitude (strength), acrophase (timing of peak activity), pseudo-F (robustness), and mesor (height), are derived by applying an extended cosine model. Genetic risk is assessed with polygenic risk scores. The outcome is the incidence of AF. During a median follow-up of 6.16 years, 1920 participants developed AF. Low amplitude [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-1.58], delayed acrophase (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.39), and low mesor (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21-1.52), but not low pseudo-F, are significantly associated with a higher risk of AF. No significant interactions between CRAR characteristics and genetic risk are observed. Joint association analyses reveal that participants with unfavourable CRAR characteristics and high genetic risk yield the highest risk of incident AF. These associations are robust after controlling for multiple testing and in a series of sensitivity analyses. Accelerometer-measured CRAR abnormalities, characterized by decreased strength and height, and later timing of peak activity of circadian rhythm, are associated with a higher risk of AF in the general population.
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43.
  • Yin, Xiu, et al. (författare)
  • Doping of charge-transfer molecules in cocrystals for the design of materials with novel piezo-activated luminescence
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 14:6, s. 1479-1484
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel piezo-activated luminescent material with wide range modulation of the luminescence wavelength and a giant intensity enhancement upon compression was prepared using a strategy of molecular doping. The doping of THT molecules into TCNB-perylene cocrystals results in the formation of a weak but pressure-enhanced emission center in the material at ambient pressure. Upon compression, the emissive band from the undoped component TCNB-perylene undergoes a normal red shift and emission quenching, while the weak emission center shows an anomalous blue shift from 615 nm to 574 nm and a giant luminescence enhancement up to 16 GPa. Further theoretical calculations show that doping by THT could modify intermolecular interactions, promote molecular deformation, and importantly, inject electrons into the host TCNB-perylene upon compression, which contributes to the novel piezochromic luminescence behavior. Based on this finding, we further propose a universal approach to design and regulate the piezo-activated luminescence of materials by using other similar dopants.
  •  
44.
  • Yue, Lei, et al. (författare)
  • Microwave annealing as a low thermal budget technique for ZnO thin-film transistors fabricated using atomic layer deposition
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 38, s. 1390-1393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Microwave annealing (MWA) and furnace annealing are compared for their low thermal budget capability to improve the characteristics of ZnO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs). Both the ZnO channel and the Al2O3 gate dielectric are fabricated using atomic layer deposition. Using Si-wafer-susceptor assisted MWA with a substantial reduction of both annealing temperature and duration, significant improvements of the characteristics of the ZnO TFTs can be attained. A multi-step MWA process is found to further improve the characteristics of the TFTs. For the same microwave power and total duration, the field-effect mobility of the multi-step MWA TFT is 42% greater than that of the one-step MWA TFT with a similar sub-threshold swing. The multi-step MWA process can serve the purpose at temperatures as low as 220 degrees C.
  •  
45.
  • Yue, Xiaoqi, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of hydrogen on the passivation for ultra-thin 316 L SS foil
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-2106. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reformation and characterisation of the passive film formed on ultra-thin 316 L after hydrogen charging is investigated by combining EBSD, TMDS, XRD, Synchrotron-based XPS, and electrochemical experiments. The results show that ultra-thin foil reforms a passive film after 12 h of hydrogen release in NaCl solution. The reformed passive film is half the thickness of the as-received passive film and is dominated by Cr oxides/hydroxides. The lattice extension caused by residual hydrogen accelerates Cr migration to form Cr2O3; while the diffusible hydrogen occupies the cation vacancies and results in high defect density for the reformed passive film within 12 h.
  •  
46.
  • Yue, Xiaoqi, et al. (författare)
  • Passivation characteristics of ultra-thin 316L foil in NaCl solutions
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1005-0302. ; 127, s. 192-205
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electrochemical behaviour and passive film characteristics of an ultra-thin 316L foil with a thickness of 20 ??m in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated using multiple techniques, focusing on the effect of microstructure, the applied potential, and the pH of the solution. The microstructure contains mainly fine grains ( ???4 ??m) with high-angle boundaries and preferential orientation of (220), and no MnS inclusion was detected. The electrochemical measurements show a significantly higher breakdown potential and lower passive current density for the 316L foil than traditional wrought 316L. The surface analyses using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) reveal that, compared to the wrought material, both the inner and out parts of the passive film on the 316L foil are more enriched in Cr- and Mo-oxides. The microstructure favourable for elemental diffusion and the absence of MnS inclusion facilitate the formation of a continuous compact Cr- and Mo-rich passive film, which effectively retards corrosion in NaCl solution and remains stable in acidic solution (pH 2) or at high polarised potential up to 600 mV vs Ag/AgCl. ?? 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
  •  
47.
  • Yue, Xiaoqi, et al. (författare)
  • Uncoupling chloride and acidification attack on the naturally formed corrosion scales
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A combination of an in-situ microzone injection test and ab-initio DFT calculations was employed to investigate the effect of H+ and Cl- ions on the degradation of the FeCO3 corrosion products. The experimental results show that an acidic environment promoted the dissolution kinetics of the FeCO3 scales while the presence of Cl- ions induced FeCO3 surface reconstruction. The DFT calculations validate the experimental results and indicate that both H+ and Cl- corroded FeCO3 surface through weakening of the Fe-O bond and increased the corrosion active sites.
  •  
48.
  • Zhang, Juqing, et al. (författare)
  • Super-enhancers conserved within placental mammals maintain stem cell pluripotency
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite pluripotent stem cells sharing key transcription factors, their maintenance involves distinct genetic inputs. Emerging evidence suggests that super-enhancers (SEs) can function as master regulatory hubs to control cell identity and pluripotency in humans and mice. However, whether pluripotency-associated SEs share an evolutionary origin in mammals remains elusive. Here, we performed comprehensive comparative epigenomic and transcription factor binding analyses among pigs, humans, and mice to identify pluripotency-associated SEs. Like typical enhancers, SEs displayed rapid evolu-tion in mammals. We showed that BRD4 is an essential and conserved activator for mammalian pluripotency-associated SEs. Comparative motif enrichment analysis revealed 30 shared transcription factor binding motifs among the three species. The majority of transcriptional factors that bind to identified motifs are known regulators associated with pluripotency. Further, we discovered three pluripotency-associated SEs (SE-SOX2, SE-PIM1, and SE-FGFR1) that displayed remarkable conservation in pla-cental mammals and were sufficient to drive reporter gene expression in a pluripotency-dependent manner. Disruption of these conserved SEs through the CRISPR-Cas9 approach severely impaired stem cell pluripotency. Our study provides insights into the understanding of conserved regulatory mechanisms underlying the maintenance of plu-ripotency as well as species-specific modulation of the pluripotency-associated regula-tory networks in mammals.
  •  
49.
  • Zhang, Yue, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of ambient pressure on smoke propagation in inclined tunnel fires under natural ventilation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 30, s. 65074-65085
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper systematically studied the coupling effect of ambient pressure and tunnel slope on temperature distribution and smoke propagation in full-scale tunnel fires under natural ventilation by FDS. The downstream length (longitudinal length from fire source center to tunnel downstream exit) was also considered. The concept of “height difference of stack effect” was put forward when analyzing the mutual effect of tunnel slope and downstream length on smoke movement. The results show that the maximum smoke temperature beneath the ceiling decreases with the increasing ambient pressure or tunnel slope. The longitudinal smoke temperature decays faster with the decreasing ambient pressure or slope in inclined tunnel. The induced inlet airflow velocity increases with the increasing height difference of stack effect, while decreases with the increasing ambient pressure. And the smoke backlayering length decreases with the increasing height difference of stack effect. Taking heat release rate (HRR), ambient pressure, tunnel slope and downstream length into account, the prediction models of dimensionless induced inlet airflow velocity and smoke backlayering length in inclined tunnel fires at high altitude were developed, which agree well with our and others’ results. The outcomes of current study are great meaningful to fire detection and smoke control in inclined tunnel fires at high altitude. © 2023, The Author(s)
  •  
50.
  • Zhang, Yue, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying dynamic interaction patterns in mandatory and discretionary lane changes using graph structure
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1093-9687 .- 1467-8667. ; 39:5, s. 638-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A quantitative understanding of dynamic lane-changing interaction patterns is indispensable for improving the decision-making of autonomous vehicles (AVs), especially in mixed traffic with human-driven vehicles. This paper develops a novel framework combining the hidden Markov model (HMM) and graph structure to identify the difference in dynamic interaction patterns between mandatory lane changes (MLC) and discretionary lane changes (DLC). An HMM is developed to separate the interaction patterns considering heterogeneity in lane-changing processes and reveal the temporal properties of these patterns. Conditional mutual information is used to quantify the interaction intensity, and the graph structure is used to characterize the relationship between vehicles. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the practical value of the proposed framework and validate its effectiveness in predicting lane-changing trajectories. Based on the lane-changing events extracted from a real-world trajectory dataset, the proposed analytical framework is applied to model MLC and DLC under congested traffic with levels of service E and F. The results show that there could be multiple heterogeneous dynamic interaction patterns in a lane-changing process. A comparison of MLC and DLC demonstrates that MLC involves more intense interactions and more frequent transitions of the interaction network structure, while the evolution rules of interaction patterns in DLC do not exhibit a clear trend. The findings in this study are useful for understanding the connectivity structure between vehicles in lane-changing interactions and for designing safe and smooth driving decision-making models for AVs and advanced driver-assistance systems. 
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