| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh, et al.
(författare)
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The Caucasian corticioid fungi: level of endemism, similarity and possible contribution to European fungal diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 52:1, s. 35-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the composition of corticioid fungi inthe Caucasus region for the first time. The Caucasiancorticioids were compared with those of well-documentedareas in the Northern Hemisphere using the Tripartitesimilarity index and cluster analysis. To investigate thesignificance of the Caucasus region as a possible contributorto the colonization of wood-inhabiting basidiomycetesin Europe, DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internaltranscribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) belonging to thecorticioid fungus Peniophorella praetermissa were analysedfor comparisons of genetic diversity within anddifferentiation between geographical regions. Putativespecies endemism and disjunction of corticioids in theCaucasus region is also discussed. The composition ofcorticioid fungi in the Caucasus region was found to bedistinctly more similar to Europe and North America thanto East Asia and India. Similarity tests and molecular Fstsboth point to a strong connection between the Caucasus andEurope. The highest molecular diversity in P. praetermissawas in the Caucasus and East Asia as compared with otherregions studied. The Caucasus and East Asia weresignificantly differentiated from each other, and unlikeCaucasian samples, East Asian sequences were highlydivergent from the European ones. This result suggests thatthe Caucasus might have been a source of colonization forEurope. Endemism is very low, possibly a common featurefor wood-inhabiting saprotrophic fungi.
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| 3. |
- Hallenberg, Nils, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Peniophora pseudonuda is a synonym to P. laeta
- 2010
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Ingår i: Mycotaxon. - 0093-4666. ; 112, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract — Peniophora laeta is easily recognized because it is restricted to Carpinus as host in Europe, and the reddish yellow fruitbody is provided with prominent teeth or hyphal pegs, disrupting the bark when developing. P. pseudonuda was earlier not even thought of as related to P. laeta, because fruitbodies are smooth and developing on the bark. Moreover, fruitbody initiation starts with a thin layer of brown-pigmented hyphae on bark surface. This render a bluish tint to the mature fruitbody which is in striking contrast to the orange-yellow basidiomata found in P. laeta. Nevertheless, both ITS sequences and crossing tests show that P. pseudonuda is conspecific with P. laeta. This was confirmed also by similarity in spore, basidia and cystidia morphology.
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