| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Piao, Shilong, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a weakening relationship between interannual temperature variability and northern vegetation activity.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a proxy of vegetation productivity, is known to be correlated with temperature in northern ecosystems. This relationship, however, may change over time following alternations in other environmental factors. Here we show that above 30°N, the strength of the relationship between the interannual variability of growing season NDVI and temperature (partial correlation coefficient RNDVI-GT) declined substantially between 1982 and 2011. This decrease in RNDVI-GT is mainly observed in temperate and arctic ecosystems, and is also partly reproduced by process-based ecosystem model results. In the temperate ecosystem, the decrease in RNDVI-GT coincides with an increase in drought. In the arctic ecosystem, it may be related to a nonlinear response of photosynthesis to temperature, increase of hot extreme days and shrub expansion over grass-dominated tundra. Our results caution the use of results from interannual time scales to constrain the decadal response of plants to ongoing warming.
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| 3. |
- Cao, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability of blue foods to human-induced environmental change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - 2398-9629. ; 6, s. 1186-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global aquatic foods are a key source of nutrition, but how their production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes is not well known. The vulnerability of global blue food systems to main environmental stressors and the related spatial impacts across blue food nations are now quantified. Global aquatic or 'blue' foods, essential to over 3.2 billion people, face challenges of maintaining supply in a changing environment while adhering to safety and sustainability standards. Despite the growing concerns over their environmental impacts, limited attention has been paid to how blue food production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes. Here we assess the vulnerability of global blue food systems to predominant environmental disturbances and predict the spatial impacts. Over 90% of global blue food production faces substantial risks from environmental change, with the major producers in Asia and the United States facing the greatest threats. Capture fisheries generally demonstrate higher vulnerability than aquaculture in marine environments, while the opposite is true in freshwater environments. While threats to production quantity are widespread across marine and inland systems, food safety risks are concentrated within a few countries. Identifying and supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in response to environmental stressors is particularly important in developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa where risks are high and national response capacities are low. These findings lay groundwork for future work to map environmental threats and opportunities, aiding strategic planning and policy development for resilient and sustainable blue food production under changing conditions.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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PKU-3 : An HCI-Inclusive Aluminoborate for Strecker Reaction Solved by Combining RED and PXRD
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 137:22, s. 7047-7050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel microporous aluminoborate, denoted as PKU-3, was prepared by the boric acid flux method. The structure of PKU-3 was determined by combining the rotation electron diffraction and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data with well resolved ordered Cl- ions in the channel. Composition and crystal structure analysis showed that there are both proton and chlorine ions in the channels. Part of these protons and chlorine ions can be washed away by basic solutions to activate the open pores. The washed PKU-3 can be used as an efficient catalyst in the Strecker reaction with yields higher than 90%.
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| 5. |
- Grant, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of the UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT34A23 confers resistance to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole in the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta
- 2023
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Ingår i: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0965-1748 .- 1879-0240. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is an invasive crop pest that has evolved resistance to many of the insecticides used for its control. To facilitate the investigation of the underpinning mechanisms of resistance in this species we generated a contiguous genome assembly using long-read sequencing data. We leveraged this genomic resource to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole in Spanish strains of T. absoluta that exhibit high levels of resistance to this insecticide. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that, in these strains, resistance is not associated with previously reported target-site mutations in the diamide target-site, the ryanodine receptor, but rather is associated with the marked overexpression (20-to >100-fold) of a gene encoding a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT). Functional expression of this UGT, UGT34A23, via ectopic expression in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that it confers strong and significant resistance in vivo. The genomic resources generated in this study provide a powerful resource for further research on T. absoluta. Our findings on the mechanisms underpinning resistance to chlorantraniliprole will inform the development of sustainable management strategies for this important pest.
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| 6. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 7. |
- Li, Cong, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Twist associated to microcirculation patterns of human glioma correlated with progression and survival of the patient
- 2020
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Ingår i: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GLIOBLASTOMA. - LONDON ENGLAND : Elsevier. - 9780128211144 ; , s. 201-217
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twist is a transcription factor involved in the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of carcinoma cells, and the promotion of invasion of gliomas through the mesenchymal adjusting process. However, its clinical significance in human glioma has not yet to be understood. To delineate the clinical-pathological significance and prognostic value of Twist, the expression of Twist was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry for 187 glioma samples. We found that Twist demonstrated frequent nuclear expression in the glioma samples and its expression levels were associated with tumor grade (P < 0.001). Furthermore, high Twist expression was correlated with a poor outcome in patients with glioma (P = 0.001), particularly with high grade glioma (P = 0.026). Interestingly, Twist expression showed positive correlation with microvascular density (MVD) (r = 0.145, P = 0.048) as well as vasculogenic mimicry (VM) (r = 0.273, P < 0.001) in the tumors. These results suggest that Twist could be a predictor for poor prognosis in glioma patients. Additionally, Twist expression was associated with two major microcirculation patterns: endothelial-dependent vessels and VM in glioma, indicating that Twist could be a potential molecular target for anti-glioma therapy.
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| 8. |
- Li, Cong, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of conservation and human development policy across stakeholders and scales
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 112:24, s. 7396-7401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ideally, both ecosystem service and human development policies should improve human well-being through the conservation of ecosystems that provide valuable services. However, program costs and benefits to multiple stakeholders, and how they change through time, are rarely carefully analyzed. We examine one of China's new ecosystem service protection and human development policies: the Relocation and Settlement Program of Southern Shaanxi Province (RSP), which pays households who opt voluntarily to resettle from mountainous areas. The RSP aims to reduce disaster risk, restore important ecosystem services, and improve human well-being. We use household surveys and biophysical data in an integrated economic cost-benefit analysis for multiple stakeholders. We project that the RSP will result in positive net benefits to the municipal government, and to cross-region and global beneficiaries over the long run along with environment improvement, including improved water quality, soil erosion control, and carbon sequestration. However, there are significant short-run relocation costs for local residents so that poor households may have difficulty participating because they lack the resources to pay the initial costs of relocation. Greater subsidies and subsequent supports after relocation are necessary to reduce the payback period of resettled households in the long run. Compensation from downstream beneficiaries for improved water and from carbon trades could be channeled into reducing relocation costs for the poor and sharing the burden of RSP implementation. The effectiveness of the RSP could also be greatly strengthened by early investment in developing human capital and environment-friendly jobs and establishing long-term mechanisms for securing program goals. These challenges and potential solutions pervade ecosystem service efforts globally.
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| 9. |
- Piao, Shilong, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2 trends
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 19:7, s. 2117-2132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate 10 process-based terrestrial biosphere models that were used for the IPCC fifth Assessment Report. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is compared with flux-tower-based estimates by Jung etal. [Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11). The net primary productivity (NPP) apparent sensitivity to climate variability and atmospheric CO2 trends is diagnosed from each model output, using statistical functions. The temperature sensitivity is compared against ecosystem field warming experiments results. The CO2 sensitivity of NPP is compared to the results from four Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments. The simulated global net biome productivity (NBP) is compared with the residual land sink (RLS) of the global carbon budget from Friedlingstein etal. [Nature Geoscience 3 (2010) 811] (FR10). We found that models produce a higher GPP (133 +/- 15Pg Cyr-1) than JU11 (118 +/- 6Pg Cyr-1). In response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, modeled NPP increases on average by 16% (5-20%) per 100ppm, a slightly larger apparent sensitivity of NPP to CO2 than that measured at the FACE experiment locations (13% per 100ppm). Global NBP differs markedly among individual models, although the mean value of 2.0 +/- 0.8Pg Cyr-1 is remarkably close to the mean value of RLS (2.1 +/- 1.2 Pg Cyr-1). The interannual variability in modeled NBP is significantly correlated with that of RLS for the period 1980-2009. Both model-to-model and interannual variation in model GPP is larger than that in model NBP due to the strong coupling causing a positive correlation between ecosystem respiration and GPP in the model. The average linear regression slope of global NBP vs. temperature across the 10 models is -3.0 +/- 1.5Pg Cyr-1 degrees C-1, within the uncertainty of what derived from RLS (-3.9 +/- 1.1Pg Cyr-1 degrees C-1). However, 9 of 10 models overestimate the regression slope of NBP vs. precipitation, compared with the slope of the observed RLS vs. precipitation. With most models lacking processes that control GPP and NBP in addition to CO2 and climate, the agreement between modeled and observation-based GPP and NBP can be fortuitous. Carbon-nitrogen interactions (only separable in one model) significantly influence the simulated response of carbon cycle to temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, suggesting that nutrients limitations should be included in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models.
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| 10. |
- Shi, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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The Potential of Low Molecular Weight Heparin to Mitigate Cytokine Storm in Severe COVID-19 Patients : A Retrospective Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Science. - : WILEY. - 1752-8054 .- 1752-8062. ; 13:6, s. 1087-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. However, specific anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs are still under development, and patients are managed by multiple complementary treatments. We performed a retrospective analysis to compare and evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on disease progression. For this purpose, the clinical records and laboratory indicators were extracted from electronic medical records of 42 patients with COVID-19 (21 of whom were treated with LMWH, and 21 without LMWH) hospitalized (Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology) from February 1 to March 15, 2020. Changes in the percentage of lymphocytes before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.011). Likewise, changes in the levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products in the LMWH group before and after treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.035). Remarkably, IL-6 levels were significantly reduced after LMWH treatment (P = 0.006), indicating that, besides other beneficial properties, LMWH may exert an anti-inflammatory effect and attenuate in part the "cytokine storm" induced by the virus. Our results support the use of LMWH as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19, paving the way for a subsequent well-controlled clinical study.
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| 11. |
- Wang Shuping,, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Hydrothermal Synthesis Conditions on the Formation of Calcium Silicate Hydrates: from Amorphous to Crystalline Phases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal Wuhan University of Technology, Materials Science Edition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1993-0437 .- 1000-2413. ; 33:5, s. 1150-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrothermal treatment has been widely applied in the synthesis of well crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), such as tobermorite and xonotlite. However, both morphology and crystallinity of CSH are greatly affected by the conditions of hydrothermal treatment including siliceous materials, temperature increase rate and isothermal periods. In this study, the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the growth of nano-crystalline CSH was investigated based on XRD analysis. Results showed that siliceous materials with amorphous nature (i e, nano silica powder) are beneficial to synthesize pure amorphous CSH, while the use of more crystallized siliceous materials (i e, diatomite and quartz powder) leads to producing crystalline CSH. Results also indicate that the formation of tobermorite and xonotlite is greatly affected by the temperature rise rate during hydrothermal treatment.
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| 12. |
- Wang, Yi-Tong, et al.
(författare)
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Direct production of biodiesel via simultaneous esterification and transesterification of renewable oils using calcined blast furnace dust
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 175, s. 1001-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct production of biodiesel by both esterification and transesterification of renewable oils with acid value (AV) of 9.6-28.9 mg KOH/g using calcined blast furnace dust is studied. Blast furnace dust calcined at 600-700 degrees C obviously promotes efficient biodiesel production because of the crystal form transformation from lead sulfate particles in dust into active lead oxide, lead sulfide, and lead particles. It is found for the first time that lead oxide, lead sulfide and lead particles can resist saponification from fatty acids to catalyze raw renewable oils to biodiesel with catalytic activity order as follows: lead oxide > lead > lead sulfide > lead sulfate. Biodiesel production process is optimized according to an orthogonal design with biodiesel yield of 92 wt% obtained at AV of 9.6 mg KOH/g (82 wt% after 5 cycles). Biodiesel yield of 84 wt% is achieved at AV of 28.9 mg KOH/g with acidity of 0.18 mmol/g. Calcined blast furnace dust presents potential applications in the production of biodiesel from renewable oils with high AVs.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Zeng, Yeli, et al.
(författare)
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Can the Shanghai LNG Price Index indicate Chinese market? : An econometric investigation using price discovery theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-1701 .- 2095-1698. ; 14:4, s. 726-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China became the world’s second largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) importer in 2018 but has faced extremely high import costs due to a lack of bargaining power. Assessments of the Shanghai LNG Price Index, first released in 2015, are vital for improving the understanding of these cost dynamics. This paper, using the LNG price index data from the Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange (SHPGX) coupled with domestic and international LNG prices from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, estimates several econometric models to evaluate the long-term and short-term equilibriums of the Shanghai LNG Price Index, the responses to market information shocks and the leading or lagging relationships with LNG and alternative energy prices from other agencies. The results show that the LNG price index of the SHPGX has already exhibited a long-term equilibrium and short-term adjustment mechanisms to reflect the average price level and market movements, but the market information transparency and price discovery efficiency of the index are still inadequate. China’s LNG market is still relatively independent of other natural gas markets, and marketization reforms are under way in China. The influence of the SHPGX LNG price index on the trading decisions of market participants is expected to improve with further development of China’s LNG reforms, the formation of a natural gas entry-exit system, and the increasing liquidity of the hub.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Macrophages Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Human Sporadic Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrophages play an important role in the progression of sporadic acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). The aim of this study was to characterize the cellular heterogeneity of macrophages in ATAAD tissues by scRNA-seq. Ascending aortic wall tissue from six ATAAD patients and three heart transplant donors was assessed by scRNA-seq and then analyzed and validated by various bioinformatic algorithms and histopathology experiments. The results revealed that the proportion of macrophages in ATAAD tissues (24.51%) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (13.69%). Among the six macrophage subclusters, pro-inflammatory macrophages accounted for 14.96% of macrophages in the AD group and 0.18% in the normal group. Chemokine- and inflammation-related genes (CCL2, CCL20, S100A8, and S100A9) were expressed more intensively in macrophages in ATAAD tissue than in those in normal tissue. Additionally, intercellular communication analysis and transcription factor analysis indicated the activation of inflammation and degradation of the extracellular matrix in ATAAD tissue. Finally, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot experiments confirmed the overexpression of macrophage marker genes (CD68 and CD163) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) in ATAAD tissue. Collectively, our study provides a preliminary evaluation of the role of macrophages in ATAAD, and the results could aid in the development of therapeutic options in the future.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 40:6, s. 4225-4233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, and calls for further investigations not only in different clinical setting but also in GLIM itself including reference value, combination and weight of different GLIM criteria. This study aimed to weigh the GLIM criteria and develop a scored-GLIM system, and then validate as well as evaluate its application in nutritional assessment and survival prediction for patients with cancer. Design: A total of 3547 patients in the primary cohort and 415 patients in the validation cohort were included in the study. Patients' nutritional status were retrospectively assessed using the GLIM criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between nutritional status and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was produced to quantify the GLIM criteria and develop the scored-GLIM system. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the scored-GLIM. Finally, a decision curve was applied to assess the clinical utility of the scored-GLIM system. Results: In the primary cohort, 70.3% of patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. The malnutrition severity grading according to the GLIM criteria were associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer (HR 1.42,1.23 to 1.65 for moderate malnutrition; HR 1.80,1.84 to 2.09 for severe malnutrition). The weight of each GLIM criteria was calculated, and unintentional weight loss was the most determining factor acting upon mortality (HR 1.82, 1.64 to 2.10 for stage II and HR 1.50, 1.31 to 1.73 for stage I). A nomogram was constructed by four factors of GLIM to weigh the GLIM criteria. The areas under the ROC curve were 65.3 (1-year ROC) and 65.5 (3-year ROC), and the C-index was 0.62, and the calibration curves fitted well. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the scored-GLIM system. Conclusion: The accuracy and net clinical benefit of scored-GLIM system were similar to scored-PG-SGA but higher than GLIM both in nutrition assessment and in survival prediction for patients with cancer. These findings, along with its time-savings advantages over scored-PG-SGA, suggest scored-GLIM be a better nutritional assessment tool. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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