| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 3. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
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| 4. |
- Song, Xianli, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced transport and favorable distribution of Li-ion in a poly(ionic liquid) based electrolyte facilitated by Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 nanoparticles for highly-safe lithium metal batteries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid-state batteries, which exhibit characteristics including uniform Li deposition, non-flammability and low interfacial resistance, are desirable for novel energy storage devices. Herein, a self-standing, fireproof and electrochemically stable organic-inorganic composite ionogel electrolyte was carefully designed and prepared by using polymerized ionic liquid (PIL), ionic liquid (IL), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) nanoparticles. The incorporation of LATP nanoparticles into polymer backbone was found to facilitate ionic transport due to the homogenous Li+ distribution, which would further boost the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. In addition, the introduction of IL favored the reduction of interface resistance. Benefiting from the nonflammability, the thermal shrinkage performance of as-prepared electrolyte could stand over a broad operating temperature range. A Li/Li symmetric cell containing optimized PIL-14 wt% LATP could be cycled steadily for over 2000 h at 50 °C. A lithium metal battery containing composite ionogel electrolyte exhibited an outstanding specific capacity of 145 mAh g−1 and 95% capacity retention at 50°C even after 100 cycles. This study indicates that the co-employment of IL and inorganic nanoparticle is an effective strategy for the construction of organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes for high-safety solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
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| 5. |
- Tian, Shiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on the microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms of TiAl alloy at elevated temperature
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854. ; 14, s. 968-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow stress–strain curves appear to be sensitive to deformation conditions. The ratio of critical strain to peak strain εc/εp follows a linear relationship except when the temperature is 1240 °C and the strain rate is 0.001 s−1. During the deformation, the fragmentation and decomposition of γ/α2 lamellae are related to recrystallization of α2 and γ laths in the lamellae and the γ → α2 phase transformation, the former depends on dislocation slip and twinning, and the latter is related to temperature, local stress concentration and diffusion time. As for the recrystallization mechanisms, the γ phase is discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) mode, while the α2 phase relies on continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) mode. The β phase has more low-angle grain boundaries (LAGB) during deformation, indicating the continuous coordinated deformation, and this explains the enlarged hot working window of the TiAl alloy (1165–1240 °C/0.001 ~ 1 s−1 and 1120–1165 °C/0.001–0.4 s−1).
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| 6. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 8. |
- Hu, Jinhong, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1/MSP-1 chimeric protein formulated in montanide ISA 720 in healthy adults
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The P. falciparum chimeric protein 2.9 (PfCP-2.9) consisting of the sequences of MSP1-19 and AMA-1 (III) is a malaria vaccine candidate that was found to induce inhibitory antibodies in rabbits and monkeys. This was a phase I randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the PfCP-2.9 formulated with a novel adjuvant Montanide ISA720. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to 4 dose groups of 10 participants, each receiving the test vaccine of 20, 50, 100, or 200 microg respectively, and 1 placebo group of 12 participants receiving the adjuvant only.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The vaccine formulation was shown to be safe and well-tolerated, and none of the participants withdrew. The total incidence of local adverse events (AEs) was 75%, distributed among 58% of the placebo group and 80% of those vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 65% had events that were mild and 15% experienced moderate AEs. Almost all systemic adverse reactions observed in this study were graded as mild and required no therapy. The participants receiving the test vaccine developed detectable antibody responses which were boosted by the repeated vaccinations. Sixty percent of the vaccinated participants had high ELISA titers (>1:10,000) of antigen-specific antibodies which could also recognize native parasite proteins in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA).CONCLUSION: This study is the first clinical trial for this candidate and builds on previous investigations supporting PfCP-2.9/ISA720 as a promising blood-stage malaria vaccine. Results demonstrate safety, tolerability (particularly at the lower doses tested) and immunogenicity of the formulation. Further clinical development is ongoing to explore optimizing the dose and schedule of the formulation to decrease reactogenicity without compromising immunogenicity.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) 2002SL0046; Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN66850051 [66850051].
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| 9. |
- Jia, Xiaomin, et al.
(författare)
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Single crystal metal-organic framework constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets and its derivative for oriented lithium plating
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Elsevier BV. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 42:9, s. 1553-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This vertically self-pillared (VSP) structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics. Here, we prepare a single crystal metal-organic framework (MOF), employing the ZIF-67 structure as a proof of concept, which is constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets (VSP-MOF). We further converted VSP-MOF into VSP-cobalt sulfide (VSP-CoS2) through a sulfidation process. Catalysis plays an important role in almost all battery technologies; for metallic batteries, lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and low redox potential. However, during the half-cell reaction (Li++e=Li), uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase layer. When employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition, there are many advantage to using this framework: 1) the VSP-CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre-catalyst, 2) the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+ with the enhanced electrical fields, and 3) the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive dendrites. All these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.
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| 10. |
- Li, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Gravity field induced composite solid electrolytes enabling enhanced Li+ transport kinetics of lithium metal battery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 484
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multilayer composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) exhibit many advantages over uniform monolayer CSEs but are hindered by high interlayer resistance and complex preparation methods. Herein, for the first time, a natural sedimentation strategy was developed to construct concentration gradient CSEs (GCSEs) for lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). This method utilizes intrinsic gravity and photopolymerization to achieve multiple functions in the monolayer, avoiding additional interlayer resistance and reducing preparation time. Owning to the concentration gradient structure, the Li+ transport on the PolyIL-rich side relies on the weak solvation of Li+ with EMIMTFSI, while the Li+ transport on the LLZTO-rich side follows the 'vehicular diffusion' mechanism with the aid of TFSI−, improving the Li+ transport and enhances the Li+ transference number, leading to the high stability to 2300 h for the Li//Li cell and stable operation at 4.3 V with 89.6 % capacity retention after 100 cycles for the assembled LMB. Moreover, compared with the monolayer uniform hybrid CSEs, the gradient structure alleviates uncoordinated thermal expansion between LLZTO and PolyIL, avoiding stress increase during cycling and battery capacity fade. This gradient strategy mitigates high interlayer resistance and offers a universal path to address the sluggish Li+ transportation in multilayer CSEs and improves compatibility between the electrolyte and electrodes in fabricating solid-state batteries.
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| 11. |
- Li, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Applications of Ionic Liquids in Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Green Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9528. ; 2:3, s. 253-265
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices, and the application of ionic liquids (ILs) as a new generation of functionalized electrolyte components in lithium metal batteries has become one of the research focuses. In this review, the very recent research work related to using IL to develop quasi-solid-state electrolytes and their influences on the performances of quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries were surveyed and summarized, suggesting that the introduction of ILs can improve the ionic conductivity, broaden the electrochemical stability window, and enhance the electrochemical stability of selected electrolytes. Moreover, using ILs to prepare high-performance electrodes with unique microstructures and uniform distribution of fillers were also introduced. The composite quasi-solid-state electrolytes were suggested as the mainstream of electrolytes in the future due to the combination of the advantages of inorganic and polymer quasi-solid-state electrolytes, and their development challenges in high energy and high safety quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries were also discussed.
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| 12. |
- Liang, Zuozhong, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-single-crystalline CoO hexagrams with abundant defects for highly efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 9:34, s. 6961-6968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defects and structural long-range ordering have been recognized as two crucial characters for advanced electrocatalysts. However, these two features have rarely been achieved together. Herein, we report the preparation of single-crystalline CoO hexagrams and demonstrate their exceptional electrocatalytic properties for water oxidation. The quasi-single-crystalline CoO hexagrams, prepared at the critical phase transition point of -Co(OH)(2)/Co(OH)F hexagrams, possess both abundant oxygen vacancies as defects and structural long-range ordering. The matching between the b-axis of Co(OH)F crystals and the a-axis of -Co(OH)(2) crystals is critical for the formation of the CoO hexagram single crystals. The quasi-single-crystalline CoO hexagrams with abundant defects are highly efficient for water oxidation by delivering a 10 mA cm(-2) current density at a low overpotential of 269 mV in a 1 M KOH aqueous solution.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Shaohui, et al.
(författare)
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Data-Driven Controlled Synthesis of Oriented Quasi-Spherical CsPbBr3 Perovskite Materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 63:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlled synthesis of lead-halide perovskite crystals is challenging yet attractive because of the pivotal role played by the crystal structure and growth conditions in regulating their properties. This study introduces data-driven strategies for the controlled synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3, alongside an investigation into the synthesis mechanism. High-throughput rapid characterization of absorption spectra and color under ultraviolet illumination was conducted using 23 possible ligands for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 crystals. The links between the absorption spectra slope (difference in the absorbance at 400 nm and 450 nm divided by a wavelength interval of 50 nm) and crystal size were determined through statistical analysis of more than 100 related publications. Big data analysis and machine learning were employed to investigate a total of 688 absorption spectra and 652 color values, revealing correlations between synthesis parameters and properties. Ex situ characterization confirmed successful synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3 perovskites using polyvinylpyrrolidone and Acacia. Density functional theory calculations highlighted strong adsorption of Acacia on the (110) facet of CsPbBr3. Optical properties of the oriented quasi-spherical perovskites prepared with these data-driven strategies were significantly improved. This study demonstrates that data-driven controlled synthesis facilitates morphology-controlled perovskites with excellent optical properties.
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| 14. |
- Shiwei, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Mo Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAl Alloys
- 2022
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Ingår i: Xiyou jinshu cailiao yu gongcheng. - : NORTHWEST INST NONFERROUS METAL RESEARCH. - 1002-185X. ; 51:7, s. 2336-2343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four TiAl alloys with different Mo contents were designed, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of these MoTiAl alloys were studied by scanning electron microscope, nanoindentation, and hot compression simulation methods. Results show that with increasing the Mo content, the content of. phase is gradually decreased, while that of beta phase is gradually increased. The Mo element mainly exists in the form of beta phase in the TiAl alloy. During the hot isostatic pressing process, the Mo element is diffused from the. and a 2 phases to the beta phase. The nanoindentation hardness of Mo-TiAl alloy reaches the maximum when the Mo content is 1.59at%, and it is negatively correlated with the interlamellar space. As the content of Mo element increases, the flow stress of Mo-TiAl alloys decreases, and the TiAl alloys with 2.11at% and 3.94at% Mo addtion have poor plasticity due to the Al element segregation.
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| 15. |
- Shiwei, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy improved by hot-pack rolling and cyclic heat treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The isothermal oxidation behavior of two TiAl alloys (as-HIP and as-RHT) were compared to explain the effect of microstructure on the oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy. After hot-pack rolling and cyclic heat treatment, the size of lamellar colonies was refined from 35.4 mu m to 21.5 mu m, and the beta/B2 phase was effectively removed. It is concluded that the as-RHT TiAl alloy has better oxidation resistance than the as-HIP TiAl alloy. The main reason is due to refinement of lamellar colony size, elimination of beta/B2 phase, uniform distribution of Nb and Mo, and the crushing of Y compounds.
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| 16. |
- Yang, Yonggang, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties in multiple-phase medium Mn steel
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Research Express. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2053-1591. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medium Mn steel (MMnS) is the good choice for car manufacturers to meet the requirements of reducing the weight of automobiles. Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) process is an effective method to stabilize austenite in advanced steel, thus prompting the comprehensive mechanical properties of advanced steel. In this article, the Q&P process is applied to the MMnS to explore potential mechanical properties. The effect of austenitizing temperature, one of the significant parameters of Q&P process, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MMnS was investigated. According to microstructural analyse results, all of the MMnS specimens processed by Q&P treatment with different austenitizing temperatures could obtain multi-phase microstructure, including alpha '-martensite, e-martensite and austenite. Furthermore, the highest volume fraction of austenite was observed in the MMnS processed by Q&P treatment at the austenitizing temperature of 920 degrees C. Due to the facilitated transformation-induced plasticity effect resulted from the high volume fraction of austenite with the austenitizing temperature of 920 degrees C, the MMnS obtained the high strength, high plasticity and sustaining work-hardening rate.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Haitao, et al.
(författare)
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Gel Electrolytes: Chemistry and Applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemistry - An Asian Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1861-4728 .- 1861-471X. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Chen, Zhiwen, et al.
(författare)
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Interface engineering of NiS@MoS2 core-shell microspheres as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline medium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical splitting of water is one of the most reliable and effective ways for the sustainable production of pure hydrogen on a large scale, while the core of this technology lies in the development of highly active non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts to lower the large dynamic overpotentials of electrode materials. Here, an interface engineering strategy is demonstrated to construct an efficient and stable catalyst based on NiS@MoS2 core-shell hierarchical microspheres for the hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). The ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grow on the surface of NiS hierarchical micro-sized spheres constructed by porous nanoplates, endowing the composites with rich interfaces, well-exposed electroactive edges, high structural porosity and fast transport channels. These advantages are favorable for the improvement of catalytic sites and the transport of catalysis-relevant species. More importantly, the intimate contact between MoS2 nanosheets and NiS nanoplates synergistically favors the chemical sorption of hydrogen intermediates, thereby reducing the reaction barrier and accelerating the HER catalytic process. As a result, the optimized NiS@MoS2 catalyst manifests impressive HER activity and durability, with a low overpotential of 208 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 146 mV in 1.0 M KOH at 10 mA cm(-2), respectively. This work not only provides an effective way to construct core-shell hierarchical microspheres but also a multiscale strategy to regulate the electronic structure of heterostructured materials for energy-related applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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| 21. |
- Hu, Haiman, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing the role and working mechanism of confined ionic liquids in solid polymer composite electrolytes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2095-4956 .- 2096-885X. ; 99, s. 110-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The confined ionic liquid (IL) in solid polymer composite electrolytes (SCPEs) can improve the performance of lithium metal batteries. However, the impact/role and working mechanism of confined IL in SCPEs remain ambiguous. Herein, IL was immobilized on SiO2 (SiO2@IL-C) and then used to prepare the confined SCPEs together with LiTFSI and PEO to study the impacts of confined-IL on the properties and performance of electrolytes and reveal the Li+ transport mechanism. The results show that, compared to the IL-unconfined SCPE, the IL-confined ones exhibit better performance of electrolytes and cells, such as higher ionic conductivity, higher tLi+, and wider electrochemical windows, as well as more stable cycle performance, due to the increased dissociation degree of lithium salt and enlarged polymer amorphousness. The finite-element/molecular-dynamics simulations suggest that the IL confined on the SiO2 provided an additional Li+ transport pathway (Li+ → SiO2@IL-C) that can accelerate ion transfer and alleviate lithium dendrites, leading to ultrastable stripping/plating cycling over 1900 h for the Li/SCPEs/Li symmetric cells. This study demonstrates that IL-confinement is an effective strategy for the intelligent approach of high-performance lithium metal batteries.
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| 22. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus of Clinical Neurorestorative Progress in Patients With Complete Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 23:S1, s. S5-S17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, there is a lack of effective therapeutic methods to restore neurological function for chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) by conventional treatment. Neurorestorative strategies with positive preclinical results have been translated to the clinic, and some patients have gotten benefits and their quality of life has improved. These strategies include cell therapy, neurostimulation or neuromodulation, neuroprosthesis, neurotization or nerve bridging, and neurorehabilitation. The aim of this consensus by 31 experts from 20 countries is to show the objective evidence of clinical neurorestoration for chronic complete SCI by the mentioned neurorestorative strategies. Complete chronic SCI patients are no longer told, "nothing can be done." The clinical translation of more effective preclinical neurorestorative strategies should be encouraged as fast as possible in order to benefit patients with incurable CNS diseases. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
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| 23. |
- Huang, Shoushuang, et al.
(författare)
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An advanced electrocatalyst for efficient synthesis of ammonia based on chemically coupled NiS@MoS2 heterostructured nanospheres
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 5:10, s. 2640-2648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrochemical reduction of nitrogen, as a sustainable alternative to the known Haber-Bosch process, possesses promising application prospects in the development of renewable energy storage systems. However, the yield of NH3 and Faraday efficiency are usually very low owing to the loss of active electrocatalysts and competitive hydrogen evolution reactions. Herein, uniform NiS@MoS2 core-shell microspheres are controllably prepared as a potential catalyst for an ambient electrocatalytic N-2 reduction reaction. The NiS@MoS2 microspheres possess highly active intrinsic, sufficient accessible active sites, high structural porosity, and convenient transport channels, consequently boosting the transmission of electrons and mass. Additionally, the interfacial interaction between NiS and MoS2 facilitates electron transfer, which further improves the catalytic activity by optimizing the free energies of reaction intermediates. As a result, the titled NiS@MoS2 shows excellent electrochemical activity and selectivity, capable of achieving a relatively high NH3 yield of 9.66 mu g h(-1) mg(cat)(-1) at -0.3 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and a high FE of 14.8% at -0.1 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4. The work demonstrated here may open a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of catalysts for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia.
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| 24. |
- Li, Guoqiang, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive dataset of luminescence chronologies and environmental proxy indices of loess-paleosol deposits across Asia
- 2024
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Ingår i: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3722. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loess-paleosol sequences have been used in Asia to study climate and environmental changes during the Quaternary. The scarcity of age control datasets and proxy indices analysis data for Asian loess has limited our understanding of loess depositional processes and the reconstruction of paleoclimatic changes from loess-paleosol records. In this study, we present a dataset that includes 1785 quartz optically stimulated luminescence ages and 1038 K-feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence ages from 128 loess-paleosol sequences located in different regions of Asia. We generate 38 high-resolution age-depth models of loess records based on the provided datasets. We provide data on 12,365 grain size records, 14,964 magnetic susceptibility records, 2204 CaCO3 content records, and 3326 color reflection records. This dataset contains the most detailed and accurate chronologies and proxy index data for loess records in Asia yet published. It provides fundamental data for understanding the spatial-temporal variations in loess depositional processes and climatic changes across the continent during the mid-late Quaternary.
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| 25. |
- Li, Jiajia, 1995-
(författare)
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Constructing Poly(Ionic Liquid)s-Based Composite Solid State Electrolytes and Application in Lithium Metal Batteries
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pursuit of reliable and high-performance batteries has fueled extensive research into new battery chemistries and materials, aiming to enhance the current lithium-ion battery technologies in terms of energy density and safety. Among the potential advancements, solid-state batteries (SSBs) have captured significant attention as the next-generation energy storage technology. One key factor contributing to their appeal is the utilization of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW), making SSBs compatible with high-voltage cathodes. The energy density of SSBs can be further improved by employing the “holy-grail” anode, Li-metal, which boasts the lowest working voltage (-3.04 V vs. Li+/Li) and an ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g−1). Consequently, these batteries are referred to as lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, realizing the full potential of LMBs presents formidable challenge, including the low ionic conductivity of current SSEs, large interfacial resistance between SSE and electrodes, uncontrollable interfacial reactions, and the growth of Li dendrites. Typically, SSEs can be categorized into three types. Among these, solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) are considered the most promising choice for solid-state LMBs due to their combination of high ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical strength from inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) and the flexibility and good interface compatibility provided by solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Polymeric ionic liquids (PolyILs), which contain both ionic liquid-like moieties and polymer frameworks, have emerged as highly attractive alternatives to traditional polymers in SCEs. The overall objective of this thesis was to develop PolyIL-based SCEs with enhanced ionic conductivity, wide ESW, high Li+ transference number, and reduced electrodes/electrolyte interface resistance. The main progress achieved in this thesis is as follows:1. We selected three F-based Li-salts to prepare SPEs using poly(ethylene oxide) and polyimide. The investigation focused on assessing the impact of molecular size, F content, and chemical structures (F-connecting bonds) of these Li-salts. Additionally, we aimed to uncover the formation process of LiF in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The result revealed that the F-connecting bond plays a more significant role than the molecular size and F element content, resulting in slightly better cell performance using LiPFSI compared to LiTFSI and substantially better performance compared to LiFSI. The preferential breakage of bonds in LiPFSI was found to be related to its position to Li anode. Consequently, we proposed the LiPFSI reduction mechanism based on these findings.2. Using the template method, we synthesized a monolayer SCE with enhanced Li+ transference number and high ionic conductivity. In this study, boron nitride (BN) nanosheets with a high specific surface area and richly porous structure were employed as inert inorganic filler. These BN nanosheets played a crucial role in homogenizing the Li+ flux and facilitating the Li+ transmission to suppress Li dendrite growth. When integrated into a LiFePO4//Li cell with the optimized SCE, the assembled battery demonstrated remarkable cycling performance. 3. A monolayer GSCE with multifunctionality was synthesized via a natural sedimentation and subsequent UV-curing polymerization technique. This innovative method capitalizes on intrinsic gravity, allowing for the integration of multiple functions within a single layer, thereby eliminating the additional interlayer resistance. The developed GSCE provides an optimum Li+ transportation path and enhanced Li+ transference number, leading to an enhanced ionic conductivity and a long cycle life of Li//Li cells and SSLMBs. Compared with the monolayer uniform SCEs, the gradient structure also alleviates the uncoordinated thermal expansion between fillers and PolyIL, avoiding increased stress during the cycle and battery capacity fade.
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| 26. |
- Li, Jiajia, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Fluorine‐Based Lithium Salts on SEI for All‐Solid‐State PEO‐Based Lithium Metal Batteries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LiF-rich solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) can suppress the formation of lithium dendrites and promote the reversible operation of lithium metal batteries. Regulating the composition of naturally formed SEI is an effective strategy, while understanding the impact and role of fluorine (F)-based Li-salts on the SEI characteristics is unavailable. Herein, LiFSI, LiTFSI, and LiPFSI are selected to prepare solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with poly(ethylene oxide) and polyimide, investigating the effects of molecular size, F contents and chemical structures (F-connecting bonds) of Li-salts and revealing the formation of LiF in the SEI. It is shown that the F-connecting bond is more significant than the molecular size and F element contents, and thus the performances of cells using LiPFSI are slightly better than LiTFSI and much better than LiFSI. The SPE containing LiPFSI can generate a high amount of LiF, and SPEs containing LiPFSI and LiTFSI can generate Li3N, while there is no Li3N production in the SEI for the SPE containing LiFSI. The preferential breakage bonds in LiPFSI are related to its position to Li anode, where Li-metal as the anode is important in forming LiF, and consequently the LiPFSI reduction mechanism is proposed. This study will boost other energy storage systems beyond Li-ion chemistries.
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| 27. |
- Li, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Self-healing composite solid electrolytes with enhanced Li+ transport and mechanical properties for safe lithium metal batteries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Li dendrites introduced by the inhomogeneous Li-ion flux are the barriers to the commercialization of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Increasing the Li+ transference number and homogenizing the Li+ flux are two effective strategies to solve the aforementioned issues. Herein, a flexible composite solid electrolyte (CSE) with an enhanced Li+ transference number, high ionic conductivity, and self-healing function was synthesized via a simple template method. Boron nitride (BN) nanosheets with high specific surface area and richly porous structure were used as the passive inorganic filler, homogenizing the Li+ flux and facilitating the Li+ transmission. The flexible and self-healing features of the CSE reduced the interface resistance and considerably prolonged their cycling life. By exploiting stress–strain curves before and after healing, along with physical characterizations, the self-healing efficiency was obtained and the dendrite suppress mechanisms at the electrode/CSE interface were discussed. Finally, the assembled LiFePO4/Li cell with optimized CSE exhibited impressive cycling performance and delivered a steady discharge capacity up to 152 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.1C. This universal strategy can be used in other emerging energy storage fields to boost high energy density and long cycling life.
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| 28. |
- Li, Xuechao, et al.
(författare)
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Pyridinic Nitrogen Modification for Selective Acetylenic Homocoupling on Au(111)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 145:8, s. 4545-4552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On-surface acetylenic homocoupling has been proposed to construct carbon nanostructures featuring sp hybrid-ization. However, the efficiency of linear acetylenic coupling is far from satisfactory, often resulting in undesired enyne products or cyclotrimerization products due to the lack of strategies to enhance chemical selectivity. Herein, we inspect the acetylenic homocou-pling reaction of polarized terminal alkynes (TAs) on Au(111) with bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy. The replacement of benzene with pyridine moieties significantly prohibits the cyclotrimerization pathway and facilitates the linear coupling to produce well-aligned N-doped graphdiyne nanowires. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the pyridinic nitrogen modification substantially differentiates the coupling motifs at the initial C-C coupling stage (head-to-head vs head-to-tail), which is decisive for the preference of linear coupling over cyclotrimerization.
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| 29. |
- Maddali, Manoj V., et al.
(författare)
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Validation and utility of ARDS subphenotypes identified by machine-learning models using clinical data : an observational, multicohort, retrospective analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - 2213-2600. ; 10:4, s. 367-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Two acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory) with distinct clinical and biological features and differential treatment responses have been identified using latent class analysis (LCA) in seven individual cohorts. To facilitate bedside identification of subphenotypes, clinical classifier models using readily available clinical variables have been described in four randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess the performance of these models in observational cohorts of ARDS. Methods: In this observational, multicohort, retrospective study, we validated two machine-learning clinical classifier models for assigning ARDS subphenotypes in two observational cohorts of patients with ARDS: Early Assessment of Renal and Lung Injury (EARLI; n=335) and Validating Acute Lung Injury Markers for Diagnosis (VALID; n=452), with LCA-derived subphenotypes as the gold standard. The primary model comprised only vital signs and laboratory variables, and the secondary model comprised all predictors in the primary model, with the addition of ventilatory variables and demographics. Model performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots, and assigning subphenotypes using a probability cutoff value of 0·5 to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assignments. We also assessed the performance of the primary model in EARLI using data automatically extracted from an electronic health record (EHR; EHR-derived EARLI cohort). In Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE; n=2813), a multinational, observational ARDS cohort, we applied a custom classifier model (with fewer variables than the primary model) to determine the prognostic value of the subphenotypes and tested their interaction with the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategy, with 90-day mortality as the dependent variable. Findings: The primary clinical classifier model had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0·92 (95% CI 0·90–0·95) in EARLI and 0·88 (0·84–0·91) in VALID. Performance of the primary model was similar when using exclusively EHR-derived predictors compared with manually curated predictors (AUC=0·88 [95% CI 0·81–0·94] vs 0·92 [0·88–0·97]). In LUNG SAFE, 90-day mortality was higher in patients assigned the hyperinflammatory subphenotype than in those with the hypoinflammatory phenotype (414 [57%] of 725 vs 694 [33%] of 2088; p<0·0001). There was a significant treatment interaction with PEEP strategy and ARDS subphenotype (p=0·041), with lower 90-day mortality in the high PEEP group of patients with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (hyperinflammatory subphenotype: 169 [54%] of 313 patients in the high PEEP group vs 127 [62%] of 205 patients in the low PEEP group; hypoinflammatory subphenotype: 231 [34%] of 675 patients in the high PEEP group vs 233 [32%] of 734 patients in the low PEEP group). Interpretation: Classifier models using clinical variables alone can accurately assign ARDS subphenotypes in observational cohorts. Application of these models can provide valuable prognostic information and could inform management strategies for personalised treatment, including application of PEEP, once prospectively validated. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.
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| 30. |
- Ning, Dezhi, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating wave surge converter in regular and irregular waves : an experimental study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Technology. - 0948-4280 .- 1437-8213. ; 25:5, s. 520-530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of physical experiments are carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a bottom-hinged flap-type oscillating wave surge converter (OWSC). The power take-off (PTO) system in the OWSC is achieved with the magnetic powder brake. Both regular and irregular wave conditions are considered. It is observed that the capture width ratio (CWR) of the proposed OWSC is strongly affected by the PTO damping torque, incident wave amplitude, inertia of the structure and wave spectrum etc.
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| 31. |
- Pisani, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome : a pooled analysis of four observational studies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 10:2, s. 227-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference –1·69 [–9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5–8] vs 6 [5–8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52–23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75–0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding.
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| 32. |
- Qiao, Jixin, et al.
(författare)
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An unknown source of reactor radionuclides in the Baltic Sea revealed by multi-isotope fingerprints
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an application of multi-isotopic fingerprints (i.e., U-236/U-238, U-233/U-236, U-236/I-129 and I-129/I-127) for the discovery of previously unrecognized sources of anthropogenic radioactivity. Our data indicate a source of reactor U-236 in the Baltic Sea in addition to inputs from the two European reprocessing plants and global fallout. This additional reactor U-236 may come from unreported discharges from Swedish nuclear research facilities as supported by high U-236 levels in sediment nearby Studsvik, or from accidental leakages of spent nuclear fuel disposed on the Baltic seafloor, either reported or unreported. Such leakages would indicate problems with the radiological safety of seafloor disposal, and may be accompanied by releases of other radionuclides. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity of multi-isotopic tracer systems, especially the U-233/U-236 signature, to distinguish environmental emissions of unrevealed radioactive releases for nuclear safeguards, emergency preparedness and environmental tracer studies. Anthropogenic activities lead to the accumulation of radioactive substances in the environment. Here the authors use multi-isotopic fingerprints of uranium and iodine to discover a previously unknown source of reactor uranium in the Baltic Sea, likely sourced from a Swedish nuclear facility.
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| 33. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 34. |
- Zhang, Dezhi, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic Conflict Between Species Tree and Maternally Inherited Gene Trees in a Clade of Emberiza Buntings (Aves: Emberizidae)
- 2023
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Ingår i: SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY. - 1063-5157 .- 1076-836X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different genomic regions may reflect conflicting phylogenetic topologies primarily due to incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow. Genomic data are necessary to reconstruct the true species tree and explore potential causes of phylogenetic conflict. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships of 4 Emberiza species (Aves: Emberizidae) and discuss the potential causes of the observed mitochondrial non-monophyly of Emberiza godlewskii (Godlewski's bunting) using phylogenomic analyses based on whole genome resequencing data from 41 birds. Analyses based on both the whole mitochondrial genome and similar to 39 kilobases from the non-recombining W chromosome reveal sister relationships between each the northern and southern populations of E. godlewskii with E. cioides and E. cia, respectively. In contrast, the monophyly of E. godlewskii is reflected by the phylogenetic signal of autosomal and Z chromosomal sequence data as well as demographic inference analyses, which-in combination-support the following tree topology: ([{E. godlewskii, E. cia}, E. cioides], E. jankowskii). Using D-statistics, we detected multiple gene flow events among different lineages, indicating pervasive introgressive hybridization within this clade. Introgression from an unsampled lineage that is sister to E. cioides or introgression from an unsampled mitochondrial + W chromosomal lineage of E. cioides into northern E. godlewskii may explain the phylogenetic conflict between the species tree estimated from genome-wide data versus mtDNA/W tree topologies. These results underscore the importance of using genomic data for phylogenetic reconstruction and species delimitation.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Zhang, Ruiying, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative phylogeography of two widespread magpies : importance of habitat preference and breeding behavior on genetic structure in China.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 65:2, s. 562-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical geological events and climatic changes are believed to have played important roles in shaping the current distribution of species. However, sympatric species may have responded in different ways to such climatic fluctuations. Here we compared genetic structures of two corvid species, the Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus and the Eurasian Magpie Pica pica, both widespread but with different habitat dependence and some aspects of breeding behavior. Three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear introns were used to examine their co-distributed populations in East China and the Iberian Peninsula. Both species showed deep divergences between these two regions that were dated to the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene. In the East Chinese clade of C. cyanus, populations were subdivided between Northeast China and Central China, probably since the early to mid-Pleistocene, and the Central subclade showed a significant pattern of isolation by distance. In contrast, no genetic structure was found in the East China populations of P. pica. We suggest that the different patterns in the two species are at least partly explained by ecological differences between them, especially in habitat preference and perhaps also breeding behavior. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations.
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| 37. |
- Zhou, Haitao, et al.
(författare)
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History and development of road safety in China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road safety in China has made great improvements in recent years. The history of road safety in China is reviewed, including three stages. The characteristics of each stage are analyzed. The development of road safety in recent years is also analyzed. The changed road safety environments are analyzed, including fast economic development, fast increase of road mileage, rapid increase of motor vehicle ownership, and rapid growth of traffic volume. Although these bring the adverse effect to the road safety, road accidents in China significantly reduced, and accident rate and fatality rate significantly decreased. And the measures to improve road safety are listed.While enjoying the convenience by road traffic, people are also exposed to road accidents. According to statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, from 1951 to 2011 (no statistics of road accidents in 1968 and 1969), China's total number of direct victims in road traffic accidents (don’t include that of be applicable for the simple disposal procedure, except otherwise stated. Same below) reached to 11.0223 million people, of whom 2.3012 million died and 8.7211 million injured, shown in Figure 1. It seems that a super large city has disappeared under the wheels. Over the past 60 years, an annual average of 39,000 people died of road traffic and 178,000 injured.
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