| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Hu, XH, et al.
(författare)
-
Neogenin suppresses tumor progression and metastasis via inhibiting Merlin/YAP signaling
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cell death discovery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-7716. ; 9:1, s. 47-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From in situ growth to invasive dissemination is the most lethal attribute of various tumor types. This transition is majorly mediated by the dynamic interplay between two cancer hallmarks, EMT and cell cycle. In this study, we applied nonlinear association analysis in 33 cancer types and found that most signaling receptors simultaneously associating with EMT and cell cycle are potential tumor suppressors. Here we find that a top co-associated receptor, Neogenin (NEO1), inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) and Glioma in situ growth and metastasis by forming a complex with Merlin (NF2), and subsequent simultaneous promoting the phosphorylation of YAP. Furthermore, Neogenin protein level is associated with good prognosis and correlates with Merlin status in CRC and Glioma. Collectively, our results define Neogenin as a tumor suppressor in CRC and Glioma that acts by restricting oncogenic signaling by the Merlin-YAP pathway, and suggest Neogenin as a candidate therapeutic agent for CRC and Glioma.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Momozawa, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
IBD risk loci are enriched in multigenic regulatory modules encompassing putative causative genes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 2427-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GWAS have identified >200 risk loci for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The majority of disease associations are known to be driven by regulatory variants. To identify the putative causative genes that are perturbed by these variants, we generate a large transcriptome data set (nine disease-relevant cell types) and identify 23,650 cis-eQTL. We show that these are determined by ∼9720 regulatory modules, of which ∼3000 operate in multiple tissues and ∼970 on multiple genes. We identify regulatory modules that drive the disease association for 63 of the 200 risk loci, and show that these are enriched in multigenic modules. Based on these analyses, we resequence 45 of the corresponding 100 candidate genes in 6600 Crohn disease (CD) cases and 5500 controls, and show with burden tests that they include likely causative genes. Our analyses indicate that ≥10-fold larger sample sizes will be required to demonstrate the causality of individual genes using this approach.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Gao, YX, et al.
(författare)
-
Mendelian randomization implies no direct causal association between leukocyte telomere length and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 12184-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (n = ~ 38,000 for LTL and ~ 81,000 for ALS in the European population; n = ~ 23,000 for LTL and ~ 4,100 for ALS in the Asian population). We further evaluated mediation roles of lipids in the pathway from LTL to ALS. The odds ratio per standard deviation decrease of LTL on ALS was 1.10 (95% CI 0.93–1.31, p = 0.274) in the European population and 0.75 (95% CI 0.53–1.07, p = 0.116) in the Asian population. This null association was also detected between LTL and frontotemporal dementia in the European population. However, we found that an indirect effect of LTL on ALS might be mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) or total cholesterol (TC) in the European population. These results were robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. Overall, our MR study did not support the direct causal association between LTL and the ALS risk in neither population, but provided suggestive evidence for the mediation role of LDL or TC on the influence of LTL and ALS in the European population.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Qian, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetically Determined Circulating Levels of Cytokines and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in genetics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-8021. ; 13, s. 802464-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in articular tissues is the hallmark feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increasing evidence from observational studies has suggested that several cytokines may be involved in the development of RA. However, traditional observational studies are susceptible to bias from confounding and reverse causation; therefore, the potential causal relationships of individual cytokines with the risk of RA remain elusive.Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether genetically determined circulating levels of cytokines were associated with the risk of RA by performing Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods: We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating levels of cytokines and growth factors from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 8,293 participants of Finnish ancestry as instrumental variables (IVs). The association estimates of these IVs with the risk of RA were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis including 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. We conducted a series of MR analyses to assess the relationship between genetically determined circulating cytokines and the risk of RA, including the random-effects inverse variance-weighted, weighted-median, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier tests. For potential cytokine-RA associations supported by MR evidence, sensitivity analyses were further performed using restricted IV sets of SNPs with colocalization evidence and that excluding pleiotropic SNPs.Results: In the primary MR analysis, there was a suggestive inverse association between genetically determined circulating level of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1b) and the risk of RA [odds ratio (OR): 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-0.99, p = 0.016]. The effect estimates were similar in alternative MR analyses. Among SNPs used as IVs for MIP-1b, we found 92 SNPs without documented pleiotropy and three SNPs with evidence of colocalization. The association of MIP-1b with RA from sensitivity analyses using these two sets of restricted IVs remained stable.Conclusion: Our study suggests that genetically determined elevated circulating level of MIP-1b may be associated with a lower risk of RA. Further studies are warranted to determine how MIP-1b and related pathways may contribute to the development of RA.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Wihlborg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
2,2 '-nitrophenylisatogen potentiates P2X(1) receptor mediated vascular contraction and blood pressure elevation
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Drug Development Research (Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides - Part 2). - : Wiley. - 1098-2299 .- 0272-4391. ; 59:1, s. 82-87
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this research was to examine the effects of chemical compounds with possible P2 receptor modulating effects and to characterize the potentiating effects of 2,2'-nitrophenylisatogen (NPI) on P2X(1) receptors in vitro and in vivo. Chemical compounds were tested in an in vitro pharmacological assay using vascular segments from the rat mesenteric artery stimulated by P2 receptor-specific agonists. Contractions were expressed as a percentage of 60 mM K+-induced contractions. Blood pressure was evaluated in pithed rats. NPI (30 muM) added 15 min before addition of the P2X(1) receptor-specific agonist alphabeta-MeATP increased the maximum vasoconstriction from 23% to 49% (an increase of 113%). Furthermore, NPI prevented the desensitization of repeated UP-MeATP contractions. Related compounds were examined, and 2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-oxy-indol-3-one (MPI) had similar effects as NPI, but several others lacked effect. NPI had no effect on ADPbetaS (P2Y(1)) or acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation, nor on UTP (P2Y(2/4)), UDP (P2Y(6)), or noradrenaline-mediated contractions. In pithed rats, the blood pressure response to 50 nmol/kg-infusion of alphabeta-MeATP was increased from 50+/-6 to 63+/-5 mmHg (P < 0.05), but had no effect on basal blood pressure or on the cardiovascular response to preganglionic nerve stimulation. In conclusion, NPI and MPI potentiates P2X(1) receptor vascular contractions in vitro and (NPI) blood pressure effects in vivo. It is possible that the effect is mediated by an inhibition of P2X(1) receptor desensitization. Drug Dev. Res. (C) Wiley-Liss, Inc.
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Zhao, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Current Understandings of Core Pathways for the Activation of Mammalian Primordial Follicles
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mammalian ovary has two main functions—producing mature oocytes for fertilization and secreting hormones for maintaining the ovarian endocrine functions. Both functions are vital for female reproduction. Primordial follicles are composed of flattened pre-granulosa cells and a primary oocyte, and activation of primordial follicles is the first step in follicular development and is the key factor in determining the reproductive capacity of females. The recent identification of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling pathway as the key controller for follicular activation has made the study of primordial follicle activation a hot research topic in the field of reproduction. This review systematically summarizes the roles of the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway in primordial follicle activation and discusses how the pathway interacts with various other molecular networks to control follicular activation. Studies on the activation of primordial follicles have led to the development of methods for the in vitro activation of primordial follicles as a treatment for infertility in women with premature ovarian insufficiency or poor ovarian response, and these are also discussed along with some practical applications of our current knowledge of follicular activation.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
